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Zond (Зонд; meaning "probe") was the name given to two series of Soviet unmanned space missions undertaken from 1964 to 1970 to gather information about nearby planets and to test spacecraft. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 A robotic spacecraft is a Spacecraft with no humans on board that is usually under Telerobotic control Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. A planet, as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU is a celestial body Orbiting a Star or stellar remnant that is The second series used a stripped-down variant of the manned Soyuz spacecraft, consisting of the service and descent modules, but lacking the orbital module. Design A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back A Spheroid Orbital module, which provides accommodation for the crew during Design A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back A Spheroid Orbital module, which provides accommodation for the crew during Design A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back A Spheroid Orbital module, which provides accommodation for the crew during Design A Soyuz spacecraft consists of three parts (from front to back A Spheroid Orbital module, which provides accommodation for the crew during

Contents

Missions based on the 3MV planetary probe

3MV planetary probe
3MV planetary probe

The first three missions were based on the model 3MV planetary probe, intended to explore Venus and Mars. The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus is a designation for a common design used for early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus The VENUS ( V ictoria E xperimental N etwork U nder the S ea project is a cabled sea floor observatory operated by the University After two failures, Zond 3 was sent on a test mission, photographing the far side of the Moon (only the second spacecraft to do so) and continuing out to the orbit of Mars in order to test telemetry and spacecraft systems. Zond 3, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was the first Zond spacecraft to successfully complete its mission (a Lunar flyby and took a number of amazing photographs

Circumlunar missions

Proton-K rocket with Zond (Soyuz 7K-L1) circumlunar spacecraft (Baikonur)
Proton-K rocket with Zond (Soyuz 7K-L1) circumlunar spacecraft (Baikonur)
L1 (Zond) circumlunar spacecraft
L1 (Zond) circumlunar spacecraft

The missions 4 through 8 were test flights for manned circumlunar flight. Planned schedule As of 1967 the Soyuz 7K-L1 launch schedule was Mission 2P -Develop Block D stage -Feb or Mar 67 3P -same Zond 4, a member of the Soviet Zond program, was a short flight that was one of the first Soviet experiments towards manned lunar spaceflight Zond 8, a member of the Soviet Union 's Zond program, was launched from an Earth orbiting platform Tyazheliy Sputnik (70-088B towards the Moon The Soyuz 7K-L1 (also mentioned just as L1) spacecraft was used for the moon-aimed missions, stripped down to make it possible to launch around the moon from the Earth. Planned schedule As of 1967 the Soyuz 7K-L1 launch schedule was Mission 2P -Develop Block D stage -Feb or Mar 67 3P -same They were launched on the Proton rocket which was just powerful enough to send the Zond on a free-return trajectory around the moon without going into lunar orbit (the same path that Apollo 13 flew in its emergency abort). The Proton rocket It could have carried 1 or 2 cosmonauts. An astronaut or cosmonaut (космона́вт) is a person trained

There were serious reliability problems with both the new Proton rocket and the new Soyuz, but the test flights pressed ahead with some glitches. The unmanned circumlunar Zond 5 flight in September 1968 was part of the reason NASA flew Apollo 8 to the moon in December 1968 instead of the Earth orbital test which had been planned, because the CIA believed the Soviets were planning a human flight next. Zond 5, a member of the Soviet Union 's Zond program, was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (68-076B in Earth parking orbit to make scientific studies during Had Apollo 8 not flown when it did, it is possible the Russians would have been the first to fly around the moon in late 1968 or early 1969. However, four of these five Zond flights suffered malfunctions that would have injured or killed any crew.

Instrumentation flown on these missions gathered data on micrometeor flux, solar and cosmic rays, magnetic fields, radio emissions, and solar wind. A meteorite is a natural object originating in Outer space that survives an impact with the Earth 's surface For the 1962 Bruce Conner film see Cosmic Ray (film Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from space that impinge on In Physics, a magnetic field is a Vector field that permeates space and which can exert a magnetic force on moving Electric charges The solar wind is a Stream of charged particles&mdasha plasma &mdashthat are ejected from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. Biological payloads were also flown and many photographs were taken.

Timetable

3MV planetary probe based missions

Soyuz 7K-L1 test missions

External links

N1 or N-1 was the secret Soviet Rocket intended to send Soviet Cosmonauts to the Moon. Zond 7, a member of the Soviet Union 's Zond program and the only truly successful test of the Soyuz 7K-L1, was launched towards the Moon from Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Zond 8, a member of the Soviet Union 's Zond program, was launched from an Earth orbiting platform Tyazheliy Sputnik (70-088B towards the Moon Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Events 312 - Constantine the Great is said to have received his famous Vision of the Cross.
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