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The Zhou Dynasty (Chinese: 周朝; pinyin: Zhōu Cháo; Wade-Giles: Chou Ch`ao; POJ: Chiu Tiau; 1122 BC to 256 BC) was preceded by the Shang Dynasty and followed by the Qin Dynasty in China. The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商[[wiktionary 朝|朝]] or Yin Dynasty ( 殷[[wiktionary 代|代]] was according to traditional sources the Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Throughout the world there are many cities that were once national Capitals but no longer have that status because the country ceased to exist the capital was moved or the capital For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or The Battle of Muye (or Mu (牧野之戰 was fought in China in 1046 BC. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin Pe̍h-ōe-jī ( POJ) ( is an Orthography in the Latin alphabet created and introduced to Fujian and Taiwan by Presbyterian Events By place Roman Republic Rome aims for a quick end to hostilities in the First Punic War and decides to invade the The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商[[wiktionary 朝|朝]] or Yin Dynasty ( 殷[[wiktionary 代|代]] was according to traditional sources the Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Zhou dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history—though the actual political and military control of China by the dynasty only lasted during the Western Zhou. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology During the Zhou, the use of iron was introduced to China[1], while this period of Chinese history produced what many consider the zenith of Chinese bronze-ware making. This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age for the mythological Iron Age see Ages of Man. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus The dynasty also spans the period in which the written script evolved from the ancient stage as seen in early Western Zhou bronze inscriptions, to the beginnings of the modern stage, in the form of the archaic clerical script of the late Warring States period. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the
During the Zhou Dynasty, the origins of matured Chinese philosophy developed, its initial stages beginning in the 6th century BC. Chinese philosophy is Philosophy written in the Chinese tradition of thought The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC. The greatest Chinese philosophers, those who made the greatest impact on later generations of Chinese, were Kong Fuzi (Latin: Confucius), founder of Confucianism, and Laozi, founder of Daoism. Confucius ( lit " Master Kung " September 28, 551 BC - 479 BC) was a Chinese thinker and social philosopher Confucianism ( is a Chinese ethical and philosophical system originally developed from the teachings of the fifth century B Laozi ( also Lao Tse, Lao-Tzu, Laotze, Lao Zi, Laocius, and other variations was a philosopher of ancient Taoism (pronounced /ˈdaʊɪzəm/ or /ˈtaʊɪzəm/ also spelled '''Daoism''') refers to a variety of related Philosophical and Religious traditions Other philosophers, theorists, and schools of thought in this era were Mozi (Latin: Micius), founder of Mohism, Mengzi (Latin: Mencius), a famous Confucian who expanded upon Kong Fuzi's legacy, Shang Yang and Han Feizi, responsible for the development of ancient Chinese Legalism (the core philosophy of the Qin Dynasty), and Xunzi, who was arguably the center of ancient Chinese intellectual life during his time, even more so than iconic intellectual figures such as Mencius. Mozi ( Lat as Micius, ca 470 BCE&ndashca 391 BCE was a Philosopher who lived in China during the Hundred Schools of Thought Mohism or Moism ( was a Chinese philosophy developed by the followers of Mozi (also referred to as Mo Di 470 &ndashc Shang Yang ( d 338 BC was an important statesman of Qin in the Warring States Period of ancient China. Han Fei (also Han Feizi) ( (ca 280&ndash233 BC was a Philosopher who along with Li Si, developed Xun Zi 's mutualism into the doctrine embodied In Chinese history, Legalism ( was one of the four main philosophic schools during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period (the other Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Xun Zi ( ca 300 – 230 BCE was a Chinese Confucian Philosopher who lived during the Warring States Period and contributed Life Mencius also known by his birth name Meng Ke or Ko, was born in the State of Zou (simp [2]
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Mandate of Heaven
In the Chinese historical tradition, the Zhou defeated the Shang and oriented the Shang system of ancestor worship toward a universalized worship away from the worship of Di and to that of Tian or "heaven". Shangdi (上帝 Pinyin: Shàngdì, Wade-Giles Shang Ti) is the Supreme God in the original religious system of the Han Chinese Tian ( is one of the oldest Chinese terms for the Cosmos and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion. They legitimized their rule by invoking the Mandate of Heaven, the notion that the ruler (the "Son of Heaven") governed by divine right but that his dethronement would prove that he had lost the mandate. The Mandate of Heaven (天命 Pīnyīn: Tiānmìng is a traditional Chinese philosophical concept concerning the legitimacy of rulers The Emperor of China ( refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning since the founding of the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC until the fall of Such things that proved the ruling family had lost the Mandate were natural disasters and rebellions. The doctrine explained and justified the demise of the Xia and Shang Dynasties and at the same time supported the legitimacy of present and future rulers. The Xia Dynasty ( of China is the first dynasty to be described in ancient historical records such as Records of the Grand Historian and The Zhou dynasty was founded by the Ji family and had its capital at Hào (鎬, near the present-day city of Xi'an in the Wei River valley). Ji (姬 jī in Chinese is the family name of the family in control of the Zhou Dynasty (周朝 late 10th century BC to late 9th century - 256 BC UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the The Wei River ( Simplified Chinese:渭河 Pinyin: Wei He Wade-Giles: Wei Ho is a River in west-central China and is the largest Sharing the language and culture of the Shang, the early Zhou rulers, through conquest and colonization, established a large imperial territory where in states as far as Shandong acknowledged Zhou rulership and took part in elite culture. ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. The spread of Zhou bronzes, though, was concurrent with the continued use of Shang style pottery in the distant regions and these states were the last to recede during the late Western Zhou.
Zhou military
The early Western Zhou supported a strong military split into two major units: “The Six Armies of the West” and “The Eight Armies of Chengzhou”. The armies campaigned in the northern Loess Plateau, modern Ningxia and the Huanghe floodplain. The Loess Plateau ( also known as the Huangtu Plateau is a Plateau that covers an area of some 640000 km² in the upper and middle of China 's Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the The military prowess of Zhou peaked during the 19th year of King Zhao's reign, when the Six Armies were wiped out along with King Zhao on a campaign around the Han River. King Zhao of Zhou ( ch 周昭王 zhōu zhāo wáng or King Chao of Chou was the fourth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Early Zhou kings were true commanders-in-chief. They were in constant wars with barbarians on behalf of the fiefs called 'guo', namely, statelet or principality. Charles Hucker noted that Zhou had 14 standing royal armies, with 6 stationed in Haojing, near today's Xian, and 8 armies stationed in the east. UserEl_C --> Xi'an ( Postal map spelling: Sian is the Capital of the Shaanxi province in the Zhou Zhaowang (r. King Zhao of Zhou ( ch 周昭王 zhōu zhāo wáng or King Chao of Chou was the fourth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. 1052–1001 BC) was famous for repeated campaigns in the Yangtze areas and died in his last action. Zhou Muwang (r. King Mu of Zhou ( ch 周穆王 Zhōu Mù Wáng or King Mu of Chou or Mu Wang was the fifth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. 1001–946 BC) was a legendary figure famous for fighting in the west and maybe today's Central Asia where he met and rendezvoused on Kunlun Mountain with so-called Xi Wang Mu, namely, Queen Mother of the West, rumored by some western historians, including Charles Hucker, to be Queen of Sheba. The Queen Mother of the West (西王母 Pinyin: Xīwángmǔ Japanese: Seiōbo) in Chinese mythology, is the ruler of the western Paradise The Queen Mother of the West (西王母 Pinyin: Xīwángmǔ Japanese: Seiōbo) in Chinese mythology, is the ruler of the western Paradise The Queen of Sheba (ንግሥተ ሳባ, 'מלכת שבא, ملكة سبأ) was the woman who ruled the ancient kingdom of Sheba and is referred to in Habeshan (The actual place for Kunlun Mountains would be somewhere close to today's Jiuquan County, Gansu Province. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Mt Kunlun, extending for almost 2000 miles from Kara-Kunlun bordering Tibet in the west to Qilian Mountain in the east, was a source of many Chinese myths and legends. ) Later kings' campaigns were less effective. King Liwang (r. 878–7 BC) led 14 armies against barbarians in the south but failed to achieve any victory. King Xuanwang (r 827–782 BC) fought the Jiangrong nomads in vain. King Youwang was killed by Quanrong, and capital Haojing was sacked. Although chariots had been introduced to China since the Shang Dynasty,[3] the Zhou period saw the use of massed chariots in battle, a technology imported from Central Asia. The chariot is the earliest and simplest type of Carriage, used in both peace and war as the chief vehicle of many ancient peoples [4]
Fengjian (Feudalism)
In the West, the Zhou period is often described as feudal because the Zhou's early rule invites comparison with medieval rule in Europe. Fēngjiàn (封建 is the political Ideology of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed However, historians debate whether or not this description is valid; the more appropriate term for the Zhou Dynasty's political arrangement would be from the Chinese language itself: the Fēngjiàn (封建) system. The Zhou amalgam of city-states became progressively centralized and established increasingly impersonal political and economic institutions. These developments, which probably occurred in the later Zhou period, were manifested in greater central control over local governments and a more routinized agrarian taxation. Zhou officials were not paid a salary but instead were given semi-regular gifts by the King, which often included land in the Wei River valley. Imperial stability was ensured through marriages between the Zhou court and local lords as well as the installment of Zhou lords into command over distant regions.
Western and Eastern Zhou
Initially the Ji family was able to control the country firmly. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus A bell is a simple Sound -making device The bell is a Percussion instrument and an Idiophone. In 771 BC, after King You had replaced his queen with a concubine Baosi, the capital was sacked by the joint force of the queen's father, who was the powerful Marquess of Shen, and a nomadic tribe, the Quanrong. Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus King You of Zhou (reigned 781 BC - 771 BC ( ch 周幽王 zhōu yōu wáng was the twelfth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the last of Western Zhou Dynasty A marquess (ˈmɑrkwɪs or marquis (/mɑrˈkiː/ is a Nobleman of hereditary rank in various European monarchies and some of their colonies The queen's son Ji Yijiu was proclaimed the new king by the nobles from the states of Zheng, Lü, Qin and the Marquess of Shen. King Ping of Zhou (before 771 BC - 720 BC ( ch 周平王 zhōu píng wáng or King P'ing of Chou was the thirteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty Zheng (鄭 was a Zhou city-state in the middle of ancient China, modern Henan Province. Lu ( was an ancient state in China during the Spring and Autumn Period. Qín or Ch'in ( Wade-Giles) (秦 ( 778 BC - 207 BC) was a State during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods The capital was moved eastward in 722 BC to Luoyang in present-day Henan Province. Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Because of this shift, historians divide the Zhou era into the Western Zhou (西周, pinyin Xī Zhōu), lasting up until 771 BC, and the Eastern Zhou (Traditional Chinese: 東周, Simplified Chinese: 东周, pinyin: Dōng Zhōu) from 770 up to 256 BC. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus Events By place Roman Republic Rome aims for a quick end to hostilities in the First Punic War and decides to invade the The beginning year of the Western Zhou has been disputed — 1122 BC, 1027 BC and other years within the hundred years from late 12th century BC to late 11th century BC have been proposed. Chinese historians take 841 BC as the first year of consecutive annual dating of the history of China, based on the Records of the Grand Historian by Sima Qian. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC Early life and education Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng Shaanxi. The Eastern Zhou corresponds roughly to two subperiods. The first, from 722 to 481 BC, is called the Spring and Autumn Period, after a famous historical chronicle of the time; the second is known as the Warring States Period (403 to 221 BC), after another famous chronicle and initiated by the partitioning of Jin. Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile Events By place Persian Empire The Persian King Xerxes I arrives at Sardis and begins to build The Spring and Autumn Period ( was a period in Chinese history which roughly corresponds to the first half of the Eastern Zhou dynasty (from the second half of the 8th century BC The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Jin ( Traditional Chinese: 晉 Simplified Chinese: 晋 Pinyin: Jìn was one of the most powerful states in the Spring and Autumn Period The Warring States Period extends slightly past the 256 BC end date of the Eastern Zhou; this discrepancy is due to the fact that the last Zhou king's reign ended in 256, 35 years before the beginning of the Qin dynasty which ended the Warring States period. The Warring States Period ( also known as the Era of Warring States covers the period from some time in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by the Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China The Eastern Zhou period is also designated as a period of a hundred schools. The Hundred Schools of Thought ( were philosophers and schools that had flourished from 770 to 221 BC an era of great cultural and intellectual expansion in China. This is a reference to the different schools of historical Chinese intellectual thought. There were four main distinct schools which were the Ru, Mohist, Daoist, and Legalists. These schools of thought contributed to social, philosophical and political change which played a large part in the decline of the Zhou dynasty. [2]
Decline
With the royal line broken, the power of the Zhou court gradually diminished, and the fragmentation of the kingdom accelerated. From Ping Wang onwards, the Zhou kings ruled in name only, with true power lying in the hands of powerful nobles. Towards the end of the Zhou Dynasty, the nobles did not even bother to acknowledge the Ji family symbolically, rebelled and declared themselves to be kings. The dynasty was ended in 256 BC, before Qin Shi Huang's unification of China in 221 BC, when the last king of Zhou died and his sons did not proclaim the nominal titles of King of China. Qin Shi Huang ( (259 BC – September 10 210 BC personal name Yíng Zhèng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BCE to 221 BCE (during the
Agriculture
Agriculture in the Zhou Dynasty was very intensive and in many cases directed by the government. All farming lands were owned by nobles, who then gave their land to their serfs, a situation similar to European feudalism. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed For example, a piece of land was divided into nine squares in the shape of the character for "water well," jing (井), with the grain from the middle square taken by the government and that of surrounding squares kept by individual farmers. This way, the government was able to store surplus food and distribute it in times of famine or bad harvest. Some important manufacturing sectors during this period included bronze smelting, which was integral to making weapons and farming tools. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Again, these industries were dominated by the nobility who directed the production of such materials.
China's first projects of hydraulic engineering were founded during the Zhou Dynasty, ultimately for means to aid agricultural irrigation. Hydraulic engineering is a sub-discipline of Civil engineering concerned with the flow and conveyance of Fluids principally Water. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops The Prime Minister of Wei, Sunshu Ao, who served King Zhuang of Chu (楚莊王) (died 591 BC) dammed a river to create an enormous irrigation reservoir in modern-day northern Anhui province. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. The following details the state of Wei of the Warring States Period. Sunshu Ao (孫叔敖 was an ancient Chinese court minister serving the administration of Duke Zhuang of Chu during the reign of King Ding of Zhou ( King Zhuāng of Chǔ (楚莊王 (died 591 BC was leader in the state of Chu and one of the Five Hegemons in the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese Events and trends 599 BC — Vardhamana Mahavira, last Tirthankar of Jainism is born A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use Anhui (in Chinese: 安徽 Ānhuī) is a province of the People's Republic of China. For this Sunshu is credited as China's first hydraulic engineer. The later Wei statesman Ximen Bao, who served Marquis Wen of Wei (文侯) (445 BC-396 BC), is the first hydraulic engineer of China to have created a large irrigation canal system. Ximen Bao (西門豹 was an Ancient Chinese government minister and court advisor to Marquis Wen of Wei (文侯 ( 445 BC - 396 BC) during the Marquis Wen of Wei (魏文侯(r 403 BC-387 BC was the leader of the Chinese state of Wei in the Warring States period to carry out extensive government Events By place Greece Pericles, concerned over the draining effect of years of war on Athenian manpower looks for peace with Events By place Persian Empire The Persians assemble a joint Phoenician Cilician and Cypriot fleet under As the main focus of his grandiose project, his canal work eventually diverted the waters of the entire Zhang River to a spot further up the Huang He River. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the
Gallery of artwork
 Defang bronze ritual vessel, Western Zhou Dynasty |  Dake bronze ritual vessel, Western Zhou Dynasty |  You bronze ritual vessel, Western Zhou Dynasty |  Qizhong Hu bronze vessel, Western Zhou Dynasty |
 Dou vessel with a hunting scene, Eastern Zhou Dynasty |  A bo bell of the Duke of Qin, Eastern Zhou Dynasty |  Pu vessel with dragon designs, Eastern Zhou Dynasty | |
 Eastern Zhou bronze ritual food vessel (ding) with lacquer design, 5th-4th century BC |  An Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze ding vessel |  An Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze musical bell |  Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze vessels |
 An Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze and silver canteen |  A square bronze hu vessel, Eastern Zhou Dynasty |  An Eastern Zhou Dynasty bronze bird-shaped wine server |  Embroidered silk gauze garment from a 4th century BC, Zhou era tomb at Mashan, Hubei province. Bronze is any of a broad range of Copper alloys, usually with Tin as the main additive but sometimes with other elements such as Phosphorus Jade is an Ornamental stone. The term jade is applied to two different rocks that are made up of different Silicate minerals. In a general sense lacquer is a clear or coloured Varnish, that dries by solvent evaporation and often a curing process as well that produces a hard durable finish in any Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen |
 Silk painting of a man riding a dragon. The Chinese Dragon or Oriental dragon is a mythical creature in East Asian culture with a Chinese origin |
Zhou dynasty kings
| Personal name | Throne Name | Reign years1 | Name by which most commonly known |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ji Fa 姬發 | Wuwang 武王 | 1046 BC-1043 BC1 | Zhou Wuwang (King Wu of Zhou) |
| Ji Song 姬誦 | Chengwang 成王 | 1042 BC-1021 BC1 | Zhou Chengwang (King Cheng of Zhou) |
| Ji Zhao 姬釗 | Kangwang 康王 | 1020 BC-996 BC1 | Zhou Kangwang (King Kang of Zhou) |
| Ji Xia 姬瑕 | Zhaowang 昭王 | 995 BC-977 BC1 | Zhou Zhaowang (King Zhao of Zhou) |
| Ji Man 姬滿 | Muwang 穆王 | 976 BC-922 BC1 | Zhou Muwang (King Mu of Zhou) |
| Ji Yihu 姬繄扈 | Gongwang 共王/龔王 | 922 BC-900 BC1 | Zhou Gongwang (King Gong of Zhou) |
| Ji Jian 姬囏 | Yiwang 懿王 | 899 BC-892 BC1 | Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou) |
| Ji Pifang 姬辟方 | Xiaowang 孝王 | 891 BC-886 BC1 | Zhou Xiaowang (King Xiao of Zhou) |
| Ji Xie 姬燮 | Yiwang 夷王 | 885 BC-878 BC1 | Zhou Yiwang (King Yi of Zhou) |
| Ji Hu 姬胡 | Liwang 厲王/剌王 | 877 BC-841 BC1 | Zhou Liwang (King Li of Zhou) |
| Gonghe (regency) 共和 | 841 BC-828 BC | Gonghe | |
| Ji Jing 姬靜 | Xuanwang 宣王 | 827 BC-782 BC | Zhou Xuanwang (King Xuan of Zhou) |
| Ji Gongsheng 姬宮湦 | Youwang 幽王 | 781 BC-771 BC | Zhou Youwang (King You of Zhou) |
| End of Western Zhou / Beginning of Eastern Zhou | |||
| Ji Yijiu 姬宜臼 | Pingwang 平王 | 770 BC-720 BC | Zhou Pingwang (King Ping of Zhou) |
| Ji Lin 姬林 | Huanwang 桓王 | 719 BC-697 BC | Zhou Huanwang (King Huan of Zhou) |
| Ji Tuo 姬佗 | Zhuangwang 莊王 | 696 BC-682 BC | Zhou Zhuangwang (King Zhuang of Zhou) |
| Ji Huqi 姬胡齊 | Xiwang 釐王 | 681 BC-677 BC | Zhou Xiwang (King Xi of Zhou) |
| Ji Lang 姬閬 | Huiwang 惠王 | 676 BC-652 BC | Zhou Huiwang (King Hui of Zhou) |
| Ji Zheng 姬鄭 | Xiangwang 襄王 | 651 BC-619 BC | Zhou Xiangwang (King Xiang of Zhou) |
| Ji Renchen 姬壬臣 | Qingwang 頃王 | 618 BC-613 BC | Zhou Qingwang (King Qing of Zhou) |
| Ji Ban 姬班 | Kuangwang 匡王 | 612 BC-607 BC | Zhou Kuangwang (King Kuang of Zhou) |
| Ji Yu 姬瑜 | Dingwang 定王 | 606 BC-586 BC | Zhou Dingwang (King Ding of Zhou) |
| Ji Yi 姬夷 | Jianwang 簡王 | 585 BC-572 BC | Zhou Jianwang (King Jian of Zhou) |
| Ji Xiexin 姬泄心 | Lingwang 靈王 | 571 BC-545 BC | Zhou Lingwang (King Ling of Zhou) |
| Ji Gui 姬貴 | Jingwang 景王 | 544 BC-521 BC | Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou) |
| Ji Meng 姬猛 | Daowang 悼王 | 520 BC | Zhou Daowang (King Dao of Zhou) |
| Ji Gai 姬丐 | Jingwang 敬王 | 519 BC-476 BC | Zhou Jingwang (King Jing of Zhou) |
| Ji Ren 姬仁 | Yuanwang 元王 | 475 BC-469 BC | Zhou Yuanwang (King Yuan of Zhou) |
| Ji Jie 姬介 | Zhendingwang 貞定王 | 468 BC-442 BC | Zhou Zhendingwang (King Zhending of Zhou) |
| Ji Quji 姬去疾 | Aiwang 哀王 | 441 BC | Zhou Aiwang (King Ai of Zhou) |
| Ji Shu 姬叔 | Siwang 思王 | 441 BC | Zhou Siwang (King Si of Zhou) |
| Ji Wei 姬嵬 | Kaowang 考王 | 440 BC-426 BC | Zhou Kaowang (King Kao of Zhou) |
| Ji Wu 姬午 | Weiliewang 威烈王 | 425 BC-402 BC | Zhou Weiliewang (King Weilie of Zhou) |
| Ji Jiao 姬驕 | Anwang 安王 | 401 BC-376 BC | Zhou Anwang (King An of Zhou) |
| Ji Xi 姬喜 | Liewang 烈王 | 375 BC-369 BC | Zhou Liewang (King Lie of Zhou) |
| Ji Bian 姬扁 | Xianwang 顯王 | 368 BC-321 BC | Zhou Xianwang (King Xian of Zhou) |
| Ji Ding 姬定 | Shenjingwang 慎靚王 | 320 BC-315 BC | Zhou Shenjingwang (King Shenjing of Zhou) |
| Ji Yan 姬延 | Nanwang 赧王 | 314 BC-256 BC | Zhou Nanwang (King Nan of Zhou) |
| Huiwang 惠王 | 255 BC-249 BC | Zhou Huiwang² (King Hui of Eastern Zhou) | |
| 2 Nobles of the Ji family proclaimed King Hui as King Nan's successor after their capital, Luoyang, fell to Qin forces in 256 BC. King Wu of Zhou ( or King Wu of Chou was the first sovereign or ruler of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. King Cheng of Zhou ( ch 周成王 zhōu chéng wáng or King Ch'eng of Chou was the second sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 993 BC — Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt. King Kang of Zhou ( ch 周康王 zhōu kāng wáng or King K'ang of Chou was the third sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 993 BC — Amenemope succeeds Psusennes I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. King Zhao of Zhou ( ch 周昭王 zhōu zhāo wáng or King Chao of Chou was the fourth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 978 BC — Siamun succeeds Osorkon the Elder as king of Egypt. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and King Mu of Zhou ( ch 周穆王 Zhōu Mù Wáng or King Mu of Chou or Mu Wang was the fifth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 928 BC — On the death of King Solomon, his son Rehoboam is unable to hold the tribes of Israel together and King Gong of Zhou ( ch 周共王 zhōu gōng wáng or King Kung of Chou was the sixth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 895 BC — Death of Zhou xiao wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 895 BC — Death of Zhou xiao wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. King Yi of Zhou ( ch 周懿王 zhōu yì wáng or King I of Chou (died 955 was the seventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 895 BC — Death of Zhou xiao wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. King Xiao of Zhou ( ch 周孝王 zhōu xìao wáng or King Hsiao of Chou was the eighth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 889 BC — Takelot I succeeds his father Osorkon I as king of Egypt. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. King Yi of Zhou ( ch 周夷王 zhōu yí wáng or King I of Chou was the ninth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 879 BC — Death of Zhou yi wang, King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. King Li of Zhou (d 841 BC ( Simplified Chinese: 周厉王 Traditional Chinese: 周厲王 Pinyin:Zhōu Lìwáng was the tenth sovereign of the Chinese Events and trends 845 BC — Pherecles, King of Athens, dies after a reign of 19 years and is succeeded by his son Ariphron. Events and trends 828 BC /827 BC (14th year in the era of Gònghé — King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China The Gonghe (共和 regency ruled China from 841 BC to 828 BC. Events and trends 828 BC /827 BC (14th year in the era of Gònghé — King Xuan of Zhou becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. King Xuan of Zhou (before 841 BC - 781 BC ( ch 周宣王 zhōu xūan wáng was the eleventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus King You of Zhou (reigned 781 BC - 771 BC ( ch 周幽王 zhōu yōu wáng was the twelfth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the last of Western Zhou Dynasty Events and trends 778 BC — Agamestor King of Athens, dies after a reign of 17 years and is succeeded by his son Aeschylus Events and trends 728 BC — Piye invades Egypt, conquering Memphis, and receives the submission of the rulers of the Nile King Ping of Zhou (before 771 BC - 720 BC ( ch 周平王 zhōu píng wáng or King P'ing of Chou was the thirteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty Events and trends Judah, Tyre and Sidon revolt against Assyria. Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. King Huan of Zhou ( 697 BC or King Huan of Chou was the fourteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the second of Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Events and trends 699 BC — Khallushu succeeds Shuttir-Nakhkhunte as king of the Elamite Empire. Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. King Zhuang of Zhou (d682 BC ( ch 周莊王 zhōu zhuāng wáng or King Chuang of Chou was the fifthteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and Events and trends 689 BC — King Sennacherib of Assyria sacks Babylon. Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt King Xi of Zhou (d 677 BC ( ch 周釐王 zhōu xī wáng was the sixteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fourth of Eastern Zhou Dynasty Events and trends 677 BC — Esarhaddon leads the Assyrian army against rebellious Arab tribes advances as far as the Brook of Egypt Events and trends Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras Guatemala. For the King Hui proclaimed as King Nan of Zhou 's successor see King Hui of Eastern Zhou King Hui of Zhou, ch Events and trends Occupation begins at Maya site of Piedras Negras Guatemala. Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou King Xiang of Zhou (d 619 BC ( ch 周襄王 zhōu xīang wáng was the eighteenth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the sixth of Eastern Zhou Dynasty Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou King Qing of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周頃王 Simplified Chinese: 周顷王 Pinyin Zhōu Qĭngwáng or King Ch'ing of Chou ( Wg Events and trends 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia. 619 BC — Death of Zhou xiang wang, King of the Zhou King Kuang of Zhou ( ch: 周匡王 Pinyin zhōu kūang wáng or King K'uang of Chou ( Wg) was the twentieth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. King Ding of Zhou ( ch: 周定王 Pinyin zhōu dìng wáng or King Ting of Chou ( Wg) was the twenty-first sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Events and trends 589 BC — Apries succeeds Psammetichus II as king of Egypt. Events and trends 579 BC — Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome. King Jian of Zhou ( ch: 周簡王 Pinyin zhōu jĭan wáng or King Chien of Chou ( Wg) was the twenty-second sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Events and trends 579 BC — Servius Tullius succeeds the assassinated Lucius Tarquinius Priscus as the sixth King of Rome. Events and trends 546 BC — Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys King Ling of Zhou ( ch: 周靈王 Pinyin zhōu líng wáng or King Ling of Chou ( Wg) was the twenty-third sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Events and trends 546 BC — Croesus, Lydian king, is defeated by Cyrus of Persia near the River Halys Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. King Jing of Zhou, ch: 周景王 Pinyin: zhōu jĭng wáng Wg: King Ching of Chou was the twenty-fourth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty Events 529 BC — Cambyses II started to rule He is son of Cyrus II. King Dao of Zhou, ch: 周悼王, Pinyin: zhōu dào wáng Wg: King Tao of Chou, (d Events and trends 519 BC — Zhou Jing Wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Events By place Greece Convicted in Sparta on the charge of accepting a bribe from the Aleudae family whilst leading King Jing of Zhou, ch: 周敬王 Pinyin: zhōu jìng wáng Wg: King Ching of Chou was the twenty-sixth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty Events By place Greece Cimon leads an Athenian attack on the island of Skyros and expels the Events By Place Greece The island of Naxos wishes to secede from the Delian League, but is blockaded by Athens and King Yuan of Zhou, ( was the twenty-seventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the fifteenth of Eastern Zhou Dynasty Events By place Greece Sparta faces trouble near home chiefly from Arcadia with the support of Argos. Events By place Greece As a result of his failure to effectively challenge Pericles, the Athenian citizens Ostracise King Zhending of Zhou, ( was the twenty-eighth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the sixteenth of Eastern Zhou Dynasty Events By place China Zhou ai wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the year's end to be King Ai of Zhou, ch: 周哀王, Pinyin: zhōu āi wáng Wade-Giles: King Ai of Chou, was the twenty-eighth sovereign of the Chinese Events By place China Zhou ai wang becomes King of the Zhou Dynasty of China but dies before the year's end to be King Si of Zhou, ch: 周思王, Pinyin: zhōu sī wáng Wg: King Si of Chou, was the twenty-ninth sovereign of the Chinese Events By place Greece Samos, an autonomous member of the Delian League and one of Athens ' principal allies with a Events By place Greece The Athenian leader Cleon and Athenian general Demosthenes revitalise the city's military and King Kao of Zhou, ch: 周考王, Pinyin: zhōu kăo wáng Wg: King K'ao of Chou, was the thirtieth sovereign of the Chinese Events By place Persian Empire Artaxerxes I, Achaemenid king of Persia, is succeeded by his son Xerxes II Events By Place Greece Archelaus I, King of Macedonia helps establish a pro-Macedonian oligarchy in Larissa in King Weilie of Zhou, ch: 周威烈王, Pinyin: zhōu wēi lìe wáng Wg: King Weilieh of Chou, was the thirty-first sovereign of Events By place Persian empire Cyrus the Younger uses a quarrel with Tissaphernes over the Ionian cities as a pretext Events By place Greece The Athenian admiral Chabrias wins a naval victory for Athens over the Spartan fleet off the King An of Zhou, ch: 周安王, Pinyin: zhōu ān wáng Wg: King An of Chou, was the thirty-second sovereign of the Chinese Events By place Greece The Theban general Pelopidas, is made the leader of the "Sacred Band" a selected infantry Events By place Greece After driving off the Spartan army that has threatened Mantinea, Epaminondas of Thebes King Lie of Zhou, ch: 周烈王, Pinyin: zhōu lìe wáng Wg: King Lieh of Chou, was the thirty-third sovereign of the Chinese Events By place Greece While the previous year's intervention by the Macedonians in Thessaly is successful after the Macedonian Events By place Macedonian Empire Antipater appoints Antigonus commander in chief of his army in Asia Minor and sends King Xian of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周顯王, Simplified Chinese: 周显王, Pinyin: Zhōu Xĭan Wáng Wade-Giles Events By place Macedonian Empire Alexander the Great 's various generals control different parts of Alexander's empire Events By place Macedonian Empire Antigonus claims authority over most of Asia seizes the treasury at Susa and enters Babylon King Shenjing of Zhou, trad ch: 周慎靚王, sim Ch: 周慎靓王, Pinyin: zhaō shèn jìng wáng Wg: King Events By Place Macedonian Empire Antigonus the ruler of the Asian parts of the late Alexander the Great 's empire faces a coalition consisting Events By place Roman Republic Rome aims for a quick end to hostilities in the First Punic War and decides to invade the King Nan of Zhou, ch 周赧王, py. zhōu năn wáng wg, King Nan of Chou, or less commonly King Yin of Zhou, trad Events By place Roman Republic The Battle of Adis (or Adys is fought near the city of that name 40 miles (64 kilometres southeast of Events By place Roman Republic The Battle of Drepana involves the Romans under the command of the Roman consuls Publius Claudius King Hui of Eastern Zhou, was the last king of the Zhou Dynasty of China. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. Events By place Roman Republic Rome aims for a quick end to hostilities in the First Punic War and decides to invade the However Zhou resistance did not last long in the face of the Qin advance and so King Nan is widely considered to have been the last king of the Zhou dynasty. | |||
See also
- Four occupations
- Family tree of the Zhou Dynasty
- Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng
- Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project
Footnotes
- ^ EARFE. The four occupations or " four categories of the people " (Chinese 四民 pinyin simin) was a hierarchic social class structure developed in ancient This is a family tree from which King Nan of Zhou the last king of the Zhou Dynasty was a descendant of the first founder Duke Wu of Zhou who overthrew the last Shang ruler The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng ( is an important archaeological site in Suizhou, Hubei, China, dated sometime after 433 BC The Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project ( was a multi-discipline project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and
- ^ a b Schirokauer & Brown 2006. "A Brief history of Chinese civilization: second edition". Wadsworth, Thomson Learning, pp. 25–47.
- ^ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4. Page 14.
- ^ Shaughnessy, Edward L. Historical Perspectives on The Introduction of The Chariot Into China. Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 48, No. 1 (Jun. , 1988), pp. 189–237.
References
- Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, Anne Walthall, James B. Palais (2006). East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. ISBN 0-618-13384-4.
- Lee, Yuan-Yuan and Shen, Sinyan. (1999). Chinese Musical Instruments (Chinese Music Monograph Series). Chinese Music Society of North America Press. ISBN 1-880464039
- Shen, Sinyan (1987), Acoustics of Ancient Chinese Bells, Scientific American, 256, 94.
- Sun, Yan. 2006. "Cultural and Political Control in North China: Style and Use of the Bronzes of Yan at Liulihe during the Early Western Zhou. " In: Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World. Edited by Victor H. Mair. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu. Pages 215-237. ISBN 9780824828844; ISBN 0824828844.
- Feng, Li. 2006. Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou 1045-771 BC
- Schirokauer & Brown 2006. "A Brief history of Chinese civilization: second edition" Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, pp. 25-47
- Leeman, Bernard. 2005. Queen of Sheba and Biblical Scholarship. Queensland Academic Press Australia. ISBN 0975802208
External links
 | This article contains Chinese text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( |
| Preceded by Shang Dynasty | Dynasties in Chinese history c. The Shang Dynasty ( Chinese: 商[[wiktionary 朝|朝]] or Yin Dynasty ( 殷[[wiktionary 代|代]] was according to traditional sources the The following is a Chronology of the dynasties in Chinese history. 1045 – 256 BC | Succeeded by Qin Dynasty |
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