Citizendia

Zebulon Baird Vance
Zebulon Baird Vance

Zebulon Baird Vance (May 13, 1830 – April 14, 1894) was a Confederate military officer in the American Civil War, twice Governor of North Carolina, and U.S. Senator. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Governor of North Carolina is the top executive of the government of the U North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives A prodigious writer, Vance became one of the most influential southern leaders of the Civil War and postbellum periods. In the History of the United States, " Reconstruction " refers to the time between 1863 and 1877 when the U

Contents

Childhood

Zebulon Vance was born in Buncombe County, North Carolina near present-day Weaverville,[1] the third of eight children. Buncombe County is a County located in the US state of North Carolina. Weaverville is a town in Buncombe County, North Carolina, United States. His family is known to have owned a relatively large number of slaves (18). Slavery is a social-economic system under which certain persons — known as slaves — are deprived of personal freedom and compelled to perform labour or services His uncle was Congressman Robert Brank Vance, for whom his elder brother, Robert B. Vance, was named. Robert Brank Vance (1793 – November 6, 1827) was a Congressional Representative from North Carolina He was born on Reems Creek near Robert Brank Vance (April 24 1828 &ndash November 28 1899 nephew of the earlier Congressman Robert Brank Vance (1793-1827 and brother of Zebulon Baird Vance At age twelve he was sent to study at Washington College in Tennessee, now known as Washington College Academy. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Washington College Academy is a private Presbyterian -affiliated educational institution located in Limestone, Tennessee. The death of his father forced Vance to withdraw and return home at the age of fourteen. It was during this time that he began to court the well-bred Miss Harriette Espy by letter. [2]

In order to improve his standing, Vance determined to go to law school. At the age of twenty-one, he wrote the President of the University of North Carolina, former Governor David L. Swain, and asked for a loan so that he could attend law school. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill ( UNC, North Carolina, or simply Carolina) is a public, Coeducational Research David Lowry Swain ( 4 January 1801 - 27 August 1868) was the Whig governor of the U Governor Swain arranged for a $300 loan from the university, and Vance performed admirably. By 1852 Vance had begun practicing law in Asheville, and was soon elected county solicitor (prosecuting attorney). Asheville is a City in and the County seat of Buncombe County, North Carolina, United A "solicitor" is a term used in many Common law jurisdictions for a lawyer who offers legal services outside of the courts By 1853, he and Harriette Espy were married, and they would subsequently have four sons.

Antebellum career

At the age of twenty-four, Vance ran for a seat in the State House of Commons as a Whig, beating a man twice his age. The North Carolina House of Representatives is one of the two houses of the North Carolina General Assembly. The Whig Party was a Political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. He was defeated for State Senate and for Congress in 1856. [3]. But he went on to win election to the United States House of Representatives, first by a special election in 1858 caused by the resignation of Thomas L. Clingman to become a Senator. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. Thomas Lanier Clingman ( July 27, 1812 &ndash November 3, 1897) known as the "Prince of Politicians" was a Democratic [4] The year 1856 was the last time Vance would be defeated in an election.

At the age of twenty-eight, Vance (now a member of the American Party) was the youngest member of Congress. The Know Nothing movement was a Nativist American political movement of the 1850s The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses While in Congress, Vance was a staunch supporter of both the Union and states' rights. During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three States' rights refers to the idea in US politics and constitutional law, that U In March 1861, however, when indications were that the North Carolina legislature was going to vote for secession, he resigned his seat and returned home. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity

Civil War

By the time the ordinance of secession had passed in May, Vance was a captain stationed in Raleigh, commanding a company known as the "Rough and Ready Guards," part of the Fourteenth North Carolina Regiment. The Ordinance of Secession was the document drafted and ratified in 1860 and 1861 by the seceding states that officially declared their Secession from the Raleigh (pronounced rah-lee) is the Capital of the State of North Carolina and the county seat of Wake County, USA That August, Vance was elected Colonel of the Twenty-sixth North Carolina. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country The Twenty-sixth engaged in battle in New Bern in March of 1862, where Vance conducted an orderly retreat. Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Vance also led the Twenty-sixth at Richmond. This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The Twenty-sixth was ultimately decimated at the Battle of Gettysburg, losing more than 700 of its original 800 members. Background and movement to battle See also [[Gettysburg Campaign]] [[Gettysburg Battlefield]] [[Gettysburg Confederate order of battle]] [[Confederate order of battle]]

In September 1862, Vance won the gubernatorial election. In the Confederacy Vance was a major proponent of individual rights and local self-government, often putting him at odds with the Confederate government of Jefferson Davis. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the For example, North Carolina was the only state to observe the writ of habeas corpus and keep its courts fully functional during the war. In Law, a writ is a formal written order issued by a body with administrative or judicial Jurisdiction. Habeas corpus (ˈheɪbiəs ˈkɔɹpəs ( Latin: command that you have the body is the name of a legal action or Writ, through which a person can seek relief Also, Vance refused to allow supplies smuggled into North Carolina by blockade runners to be given to other states until North Carolinians had their share. A blockade runner is a term applied to ships used to evade a naval Blockade of a harbor or strait as opposed to confronting the blockaders to break the blockade Vance's work for the aid and morale of the people, especially in mitigating the harsh Confederate conscription practices, inspired the nickname "War Governor of the South. Conscription (also known as the draft, the call-up or national service) is a general term for involuntary labor demanded by some established authority " Vance was re-elected in 1864.

Post-War career

Governor Vance was arrested by Federal forces in May 1865 and spent time in prison in Washington, D.C. He was soon paroled, however, and began practicing law in Charlotte, North Carolina. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Among his clients was accused murderer Tom Dula, the subject of the folk song "Tom Dooley. Thomas C Dula ( June 22, 1845 &ndash May 1, 1868) The Kingston Trio recorded a hit version of the Murder ballad in 1958 " Tom Dooley " is an old North Carolina folk song based on the 1866 murder of a woman named Laura Foster in Wilkes County North "

In 1870, the state legislature elected him to the United States Senate, but as he was still on federal parole, he was not allowed to serve. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives In 1876, Vance was elected Governor once again (during which time he focused on education), and in 1879 the legislature again elected him to the United States Senate. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives This time, he was seated, and he served in the Senate until his death in 1894. After a funeral in the U.S. Capitol, Vance was buried in the Riverside Cemetery in Asheville. The Montford Area Historic District is a mainly residential neighborhood in Asheville, North Carolina that is included in the National Register of Historic Places

Starting in about 1870, Vance gave a speech hundreds of times he called "The Scattered Nation," which praised the Jews and called for religious tolerance and freedom amongst all Americans. [5][6]

Quotes

About Vance

"He was the Mount Mitchell of all our great men, and in the affections and love of the people, he towered above them all. As ages to come will not be able to mar the grandeur and greatness of Mount Mitchell, so they will not be able to efface from the hearts and minds of the people the name of their beloved Vance. "

-- T. J. Jarvis, Governor from 1879 to 1885

By Vance

"The great popular heart is not now and never has been in this war. Thomas Jordan Jarvis ( 18 January 1836 17 June 1915) was the Democratic governor Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It was a revolution of the politicians, not the people. "

Unconfirmed

"A vale of humility between two mountains of conceit. "

Supposedly said by Vance about North Carolina. The two mountains of conceit are Virginia and South Carolina. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. This is also attributed to Alexander Hamilton, but probably predates both Hamilton and Vance.

Legacy

There are several monuments dedicated to Vance:

Several locations and schools in North Carolina bear Vance's name:

In World War II the United States liberty ship SS Zebulon B. Kittrell is a village in Vance County, North Carolina, United States. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States of America —commonly referred to as the History and service In 1936 the American Merchant Marine Act was passed to subsidize the annual construction of 50 commercial merchant vessels to be used in wartime by Vance was named in his honor.

External links

Notes

  1. ^ http://www.ah.dcr.state.nc.us/sections/hs/vance/vance.htm Vance Birthplace, official website
  2. ^ http://docsouth.unc.edu/global/getBio.html?type=bio&id=pn0001702&name=Vance,%20 University of North Carolina, Zebulon Baird Vance, edited from the DICTIONARY OF NORTH CAROLINA BIOGRAPHY
  3. ^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=232165 Our Campaigns - NC District 08 Election, August 06, 1857
  4. ^ http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=232166 NC District 08 Special Election, August 05, 1858
  5. ^ http://www.mountainx.com/news/2003/0507vance.php Mountain Xpress - Asheville's Monument to Tolerance, May 7, 2003
  6. ^ http://toto.lib.unca.edu/findingaids/books/vance_scattered_nations/default_vance_scattered.htm University of North Carolina - Asheville, Ramsey Library, Special Collections

Further reading

by Gordon McKinney [1]

Preceded by
Henry T. Clark		Governor of North Carolina
1862–1865		Succeeded by
William W. Holden
Preceded by
Curtis H. Brogden		Governor of North Carolina
1877–1879		Succeeded by
Thomas J. Jarvis
Preceded by
Augustus S. Merrimon		United States Senator (Class 3) from North Carolina
1879–1894
Served alongside: Matt W. Ransom		Succeeded by
Thomas J. Jarvis
Henry Toole Clark ( 7 February 1808 14 April 1874) was the Democratic governor of the U The Governor of North Carolina is the top executive of the government of the U William Woods Holden (November 24 1818 – March 1 1892 was the Governor of North Carolina in 1865 and from 1868 to 1871 Curtis Hooks Brogden ( 6 December 1816  &ndash 5 January 1901) was the Republican governor of the U The Governor of North Carolina is the top executive of the government of the U Thomas Jordan Jarvis ( 18 January 1836 17 June 1915) was the Democratic governor Augustus Summerfield Merrimon ( 15 September 1830 - 14 November 1892) was a Democratic U North Carolina ratified the Constitution on November 21, 1789. Matt Whitaker Ransom ( October 8 1826 &ndash October 8, 1904) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Thomas Jordan Jarvis ( 18 January 1836 17 June 1915) was the Democratic governor
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