Citizendia

This article is about the video hosting website. For the scientific device, see Oscillating U-tube. The oscillating U-tube is a technique to determine the Density of Liquids and Gases based on an electronic measurement of the Frequency of oscillation For the manufacturing company with a similar domain name, see Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment. Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corporation is an American manufacturer and supplier of metal machine tubes and pipes founded in 1985
YouTube, LLC
TypeSubsidiary of Google
Founded2005
HeadquartersSan Bruno, California, U. A subsidiary, in business matters is an entity that is controlled by a bigger and more powerful entity Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online San Bruno is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. S.
Key peopleSteve Chen, Founder & CTO
Chad Hurley, Founder & CEO
Jawed Karim, Founder & Advisor
OwnerGoogle Inc.
SloganBroadcast Yourself
WebsiteYouTube.com
list of localized domain names
Type of siteVideo hosting service
AdvertisingGoogle, AdSense
RegistrationOptional
(required to upload and to comment on videos)
Available in12 languages
LaunchedFebruary 15, 2005
Current statusActive
Screenshot
YouTube headquarters in San Bruno
YouTube headquarters in San Bruno

YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload, view and share video clips. A video sharing service allows individuals to Upload Video clips to an Internet website This page is about the visual medium for the Thai film see Video Clip (2007 film. YouTube was created in mid-February 2005 by three former PayPal employees. PayPal is an E-commerce business allowing payments and Money transfers to be made through the Internet. [1] The San Bruno-based service uses Adobe Flash technology to display a wide variety of user-generated video content, including movie clips, TV clips and music videos, as well as amateur content such as videoblogging and short original videos. San Bruno is a city in San Mateo County, California, United States. Adobe Flash (previously called Shockwave Flash and Macromedia Flash) is a set of Multimedia software created by Macromedia and currently User generated content ( UGC, often hyphenated also known as Consumer Generated Media ( CGM) or User created Content ( UCC) refers A television program (US television programme (UK or television show (U A music video is a Short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music most commonly a Song with lyrics Video blogging, sometimes shortened to vlogging is a form of Blogging for which the medium is Video. In October 2006, Google Inc. announced that it had reached a deal to acquire the company for US$1. Google Inc is an American public corporation, earning revenue from advertising related to its Internet search, e-mail, online The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 65 billion in Google stock. The deal closed on November 13, 2006. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2]

Unregistered users can watch most videos on the site, while registered users are permitted to upload an unlimited number of videos. Some videos are available only to users of age 18 or older (e. g. videos containing potentially offensive content). The uploading of videos containing pornography, nudity, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material encouraging criminal conduct is prohibited. Pornography or porn is the explicit depiction of Sexual subject matter with the sole intention of sexually exciting the viewer Nudity is the state of wearing no Clothing. The term' "nudity" can also occasionally be used to refer to wearing significantly less clothing than expected Harassment refers to a wide spectrum of offensive behaviour The term commonly refers to behaviour intended to disturb or upset and when the term is used in a legal sense it refers Advertising is a form of Communication that typically attempts to persuade potential Customers to Purchase or to consume more of a particular Brand In the sociological field, crime is the breach of a rule or Law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately prescribe a Punishment Related videos, determined by title and tags, appear onscreen to the right of a given video. A tag is a non-hierarchical keyword or term assigned to a piece of information (such as an Internet bookmark, digital image or Computer file) In YouTube's second year, functions were added to enhance user ability to post video 'responses' and subscribe to content feeds.

Few statistics are publicly available regarding the number of videos on YouTube. However, in July 2006, the company revealed that more than 100 million videos were being watched every day, and 2. 5 billion videos were watched in June 2006. 50,000 videos were being added per day in May 2006, and this increased to 65,000 by July. [3] In January 2008 alone, nearly 79 million users watched over 3 billion videos on YouTube. [4]

In August 2006, The Wall Street Journal published an article revealing that YouTube was hosting about 6. 1 million videos (requiring about 45 terabytes of storage space), and had about 500,000 user accounts. A terabyte (derived from the prefix Tera- and commonly abbreviated TB) is a measurement term for data storage capacity. [5] As of April 9, 2008, a YouTube search returns about 83. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common 4 million videos and 3. 75 million user channels. [6][7]

YouTube is currently not profitable, with its revenues being noted as "immaterial" by Google in a regulatory filing. Materiality is a concept or convention within Auditing and Accounting relating to the importance of an amount transaction or discrepancy [4] Its bandwidth costs are estimated at approximately $1 million a day. In Computer networking and Computer science, digital bandwidth or just bandwidth is the capacity for a given system to transfer data over a connection [4] It is estimated that in 2007, YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as the entire Internet in 2000, and that around ten hours of video are uploaded every minute. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks [8][9]

Contents

History

Main article: History of YouTube

Domain name problem

YouTube's immense success unintentionally affected the business of an American company, Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corp. This article covers the history of YouTube. YouTube was founded by Chad Hurley, Steve Chen and Jawed Karim, who were all early Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment Corporation is an American manufacturer and supplier of metal machine tubes and pipes founded in 1985 , whose original website address, utube.com, was at one time frequently overloaded and shut down by high numbers of visitors unsure about the spelling of YouTube's domain name. In Computer networking, a domain name is a name given to a collection of network devices that belong to a domain which is an administrative space managed according [10] At the beginning of November 2006, Universal Tube filed suit in federal court against YouTube,[11] requesting that the youtube. In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy The United States district courts are the general Trial courts of the United States federal court system. com domain be transferred to them. [12] As of May 2008, the web address utube.com is inactive, while Universal Tube & Rollform Equipment has moved to utubeonline.com. According to a WHOIS domain name search, Universal Tube still owns the domain http://www.utube.com. WHOIS (pronounced " who is " not an acronym is a query/response protocol which is widely used for querying an official Database in order to determine [13]

Social impact

Main article: Social impact of YouTube
The guitar video of Pachelbel's Canon is one of the most popular music videos on YouTube
The guitar video of Pachelbel's Canon is one of the most popular music videos on YouTube

Before the launch of YouTube in 2005, there were few simple methods available for ordinary computer users who wanted to post videos online. The video-sharing website YouTube has impacted society in various ways With its easy to use interface, YouTube made it possible for anyone who could use a computer to post a video that millions of people could watch within a few minutes. The wide range of topics covered by YouTube has turned video sharing into one of the most important parts of Internet culture. Cyberculture is the Culture that has emerged or is emerging from the use of Computer networks for communication, entertainment and business

An early example of the social impact of YouTube was the success of the Bus Uncle video in 2006. The Bus Uncle is a Cantonese YouTube Viral video clip of a quarrel between two men aboard a bus in Hong Kong on 27 It shows an animated conversation between a youth and an older man on a bus in Hong Kong, and was discussed widely in the mainstream media. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders [14] Another YouTube video to receive extensive coverage is guitar, which features a performance of Pachelbel's Canon on an electric guitar. Pachelbel's Canon, also known as Canon in D major, or more formally Canon and Gigue in D major for three Violins and Basso Continuo An electric guitar is a type of Guitar that uses pickups to convert the vibration of its steel-cored strings into an electrical current which is made louder The name of the performer is not given in the video, and after it received millions of views the New York Times revealed the identity of the guitarist as Jeong-Hyun Lim, a 23-year-old from South Korea who had recorded the track in his bedroom. Jeong-Hyun Lim (임정현 also known by the online alias funtwo, is a Korean Guitarist known for his cover of JerryC 's Canon Rock South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː [15]

Terms of service

According YouTube's terms of service,[16] users may upload videos only with permission of the copyright holder and people depicted in the videos. Terms of service (often abbreviated as "ToS" are rules by which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service. Pornography, nudity, defamation, harassment, commercial advertisements and material encouraging criminal conduct are prohibited. The uploader grants YouTube a license to distribute and modify the uploaded material for any purpose; this license terminates when the uploader deletes the material from the site. Users may view videos on the site as long as they agree to the terms of service; downloading through one's own means or copying of the videos is not permitted.

Further information: Censorship by Google#YouTube

Criticism

Main article: Criticism of YouTube
Example of a copyrighted YouTube video claimed by Red De Television, ChileVision SA.
Example of a copyrighted YouTube video claimed by Red De Television, ChileVision SA. Censorship by Google is Google corporation's removal or lack of inclusion of information from its services in order to comply with local laws or with the company's policies The video hosting website YouTube has been the object of various criticisms. Chilevisión or CHV is the third oldest Television channel in Chile.

YouTube has been criticized frequently for failing to ensure that its online content adheres to the law of copyright. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for At the time of uploading a video, YouTube users are shown a screen with the following message:

Do not upload any TV shows, music videos, music concerts or commercials without permission unless they consist entirely of content you created yourself. The Copyright Tips page and the Community Guidelines can help you determine whether your video infringes someone else's copyright.

Despite this advice, there are still many unauthorized clips from television shows, films and music videos on YouTube. YouTube does not view videos before they are posted online, and it is left to copyright holders to issue a takedown notice under the terms of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA is a United States Copyright Law which implements two 1996 treaties of the World Intellectual Property Organizations including Viacom and the English Premier League have issued lawsuits against YouTube, claiming that it has done too little to prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. Viacom ( ( short for " Vi deo & A udio Com munications" is an American Media conglomerate with various worldwide interests The Premier League, colloquially referred to as the Premiership, is an English professional league for football clubs In law a lawsuit is a civil action brought before a Court in which the party commencing the action the Plaintiff, seeks a legal or equitable remedy [17][18] Viacom, demanding $1 billion in damages, said that it had found more than 150,000 unauthorized clips of its material on YouTube that had been viewed "an astounding 1. In Law, damages refers to the money paid or awarded to a Claimant (England Pursuer (Scotland or Plaintiff (US following a successful 5 billion times". YouTube responded by stating that it "goes far beyond its legal obligations in assisting content owners to protect their works". Since Viacom issued its lawsuit, YouTube has introduced a system of digital fingerprints that checks uploaded videos against the original content as a means of reducing copyright violation. [19][20]

YouTube has also faced criticism over the offensive content in some of its videos. Although YouTube's terms of service forbid the uploading of material likely to be considered inappropriate or defamatory, the inability to check all videos before they go online means that occasional lapses are inevitable. Terms of service (often abbreviated as "ToS" are rules by which one must agree to abide by in order to use a service. Controversial areas for videos have included Holocaust denial and the Hillsborough Disaster, in which 96 football fans from Liverpool were crushed to death in 1989. Holocaust denial is the claim that the Genocide of Jews during World War II —usually referred to as The Holocaust —did not occur in the Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary [21][22]

Blocking

Main article: Blocking of YouTube

YouTube has been blocked in several countries since its inception, including Tunisia, Thailand (which has since been lifted) and Iran. YouTube, the second most visited website (according to Alexa Internet) has been Censored Tunisia (تونس Tūnis officially the Tunisian Republic ( is a country located in North Africa. The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Certain video pages were banned as of October 1, 2007 in Turkey, but this was lifted two days later. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches More recently on January 22, 2008 Turkey banned YouTube once again but this ban was lifted after three days. Events 565 - Eutychius is deposed as Patriarch of Constantinople by John Scholasticus. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Certain pages are also banned in United Arab Emirates.

On February 23, 2008, Pakistan blocked YouTube due to "offensive material" towards the Islamic faith, including the display of pictures of the prophet Muhammad. Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. IMPORTANT PLEASE READ ##### For all questions relating to the addition of (pbuh peace be upon him or other honorifics [23] This action by the Pakistani authorities led to a near global blackout of the YouTube site for at least two hours. [24] Thousands of Pakistanis undermined the 3-day block using a VPN software called Hotspot Shield. [25] The YouTube ban was lifted on February 26, 2008 after the "offensive material" were removed from the site. Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [26]

Schools in certain countries have begun to block access to YouTube due to students uploading videos of bullying behavior, school fights and racist behavior as well as increased bandwidth usage and other inappropriate content. [27]

Spamming

Main article: Spam targeting video sharing sites

With recent improvements to e-mail spam filtering technology and their wider use, spammers have begun using YouTube as way to advertise: popular videos frequently have comments with links to irrelevant external sites, usually with some enticing statements (such as "Great video, go to <site> for the full version"). Spamming is the abuse of electronic messaging systems to indiscriminately send unsolicited bulk messages To counter this, YouTube has blocked comments with URLs in them since late 2006; if a user tries to post a comment with a URL, it will be discarded and will not show up. As of August 2007, this "feature" seems to have been extended to profile comments as well, although the user will receive an ambiguous "error processing your comment" message. However, posting links is still possible in bulletins, private messages, or group discussions. Also, if a user posts many comments in a short period, they may be asked to complete a CAPTCHA, which was implemented when a notorious spammer abused the lack of a flood control. A CAPTCHA (ˈkæptʃə is a type of challenge-response test used in Computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a computer However, the lack of a CAPTCHA is still present in some areas of the site, particularly in sharing playlists, which has the problem of flooding people's e-mails and sending out "ghost videos. A CAPTCHA (ˈkæptʃə is a type of challenge-response test used in Computing to ensure that the response is not generated by a computer " Other examples of spammers include users who use non-related-to-video threats (including "Post this message to <number> friends or your mom will die in <number> hours") They may also send messages to a user's inbox (essentially in the form of a plain-text spam email). Some of these spam accounts also posted pornographic videos on YouTube. A slightly newer feature of YouTube is the ability to send invites to people through email by using the "Invite Your Friends" feature. Originally, this feature was indeed a useful feature to build a bigger community using YouTube. When spammers became aware of this, they decided to give it a try and found every email address possible to send random email invites. More so, they've now been able to cheat the system even more.

“The messages came from service@youtube. com. [. . . ] The messages look like a legitimate YouTube invite, except they include typical spam content like stock pump-and-dump promotions and links to spam Web sites. Many of them use Microsoft's recent XBox 360 hit "Halo 3" as bait, telling the recipient they have won a free copy of the game and to go to a Web site. If they take the bait and click on "winhalo3. com," the Web site infects them with the Storm Worm, which has been hanging around since August. For information on the botnet composed of machines infected with this worm see Storm botnet. [28]”

Spammers have used this route more often nowadays because they can use it to defeat spam filters, gain more readers and possibly customers. "They just do as all spammers do. . . "

Technical notes

Video format

Uploading Video on YouTube
Uploading Video on YouTube

YouTube's video playback technology is based on Macromedia's Flash Player. Macromedia was a North American graphics and Web development Software house headquartered in San Francisco, California producing such products The Adobe Flash Player is a widely distributed proprietary multimedia and application player created by Macromedia and now developed and distributed by Adobe This technology allows the site to display videos with quality comparable to more established video playback technologies (such as Windows Media Player, QuickTime and RealPlayer) that generally require the user to download and install a web browser plugin in order to view video. Windows Media Player ( WMP) is a digital media player and media library application developed by Microsoft that is used for playing QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text RealPlayer (briefly known also as RealOne Player) is a proprietary Cross-platform media player by RealNetworks that plays a number A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and interact with text images videos music games and other information typically located on a Flash also requires a plug-in, but Adobe considers the Flash 7 plug-in to be present on about 90% of online computers. [29] Users can view videos in windowed mode or full screen mode and it is possible to switch modes during playback without reloading it due to the full-screen function of Adobe Flash Player 9. The Adobe Flash Player is a widely distributed proprietary multimedia and application player created by Macromedia and now developed and distributed by Adobe The video can also be played back with third-party media players such as GOM Player, gnash, VLC as well as some ffmpeg-based video players. GOM Player ( G retech O nline M ovie Player) is a freeware media player for Microsoft Windows. The Gnash project aims to create a free player and Browser plugin for the Adobe Flash file format and replace the Proprietary software niche FFmpeg is a computer program that can record convert and stream digital audio and Video in numerous formats

Videos uploaded to YouTube are limited to ten minutes in length [30], and a file size of 1024MB (1 Gigabyte). A gigabyte (derived from the SI prefix Giga-) is a unit of Information or Computer One video at a time can be uploaded through the standard interface, and multiple videos can be uploaded with a Windows based plugin. Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. [31] YouTube converts videos into the Flash Video format after uploading. Flash Video is the name of a File format used to deliver Video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially produced [32] YouTube also converts content to other formats so that it can be viewed outside of the website (see below).

YouTube accepts uploaded videos in the .WMV, .AVI, .MOV, MPEG and .MP4 formats. Windows Media Video ( WMV) is a compressed Video file format for several proprietary Codecs developed by Microsoft. QuickTime is a Multimedia framework developed by Apple Inc, capable of handling various formats of Digital video, Media clips sound text The Moving Picture Experts Group, commonly referred to as simply MPEG, is a Working group of ISO / IEC charged with the development of video and MPEG-4 Part 14, formally ISO / IEC 14496-142003, is a Multimedia Container format standard specified as a part of MPEG-4 It also supports 3GP, allowing videos to be uploaded directly from a mobile phone. 3GP is a Multimedia Container format defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP for use on 3G Mobile phones but can [33]

Standard and high quality videos

Comparison of high and standard quality YouTube videos (480x360 and 320x240 pixels)
Comparison of high and standard quality YouTube videos (480x360 and 320x240 pixels)

A standard quality YouTube video has a picture 320 pixels wide by 240 pixels high, and uses the Sorenson Spark H.263 video codec. In Digital imaging, a pixel ( pict ure el ement is the smallest piece of information in an image The Sorenson codec (also known as Sorenson Video Codec, Sorenson Video Quantizer or SVQ) is a Digital video Codec devised by the company H263 is a Video codec standard originally designed as a low-bitrate compressed format for Videoconferencing. A codec is a device or program capable of encoding and/or decoding a Digital Data stream or signal. The bit rate of the video signal is around 314 kbit/s with a frame rate dependent on the uploaded video. In Telecommunications and Computing, bitrate (sometimes written bit rate, data rate or as a Variable R or f b Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the Frequency (rate at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames The [34]

In March 2008, YouTube launched a feature which allowed some of its videos to be viewed in 'High Quality' format. This format offers the possibility of better video definition (480x360 pixels instead of the standard 320x240 pixels) for any video uploaded after this date. YouTube decides which videos are capable of this improved quality based on the standard of the original upload. Users can choose "always show me higher quality when available" on their video quality settings page in their account pages to switch automatically to the better quality.

YouTube's high quality videos are available in two versions, both of which have a picture size of 480 x 360 pixels. In Digital imaging, a pixel ( pict ure el ement is the smallest piece of information in an image By adding &fmt=6 to the web address of a video, it is played using the H.263 codec with mono sound, and by adding &fmt=18 it is played using the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC codec with stereo AAC sound. H263 is a Video codec standard originally designed as a low-bitrate compressed format for Videoconferencing. Monaural (often shortened to mono) sound reproduction is single-channel H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) Stereophonic sound, commonly called stereo, is the reproduction of Sound, using two or more independent audio channels through a Symmetrical Advanced Audio Coding ( AAC) is a standardized lossy compression and encoding scheme for Digital audio. [35]

Asked why YouTube did not choose HD format, the site answered : "Our general philosophy is to make sure that as many people as possible can access YouTube and that videos start quickly and play smoothly. High-definition television (HDTV is a Digital television Broadcasting system with higher resolution than traditional television systems (standard-definition That's one reason why you don't see us racing to call this "Super Duper YouTube HD," because most people don't want to wait a long time for videos to play. "[36]

Audio format

Standard quality YouTube videos contain an MP3 audio stream. MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3, more commonly referred to as MP3, is a Digital audio encoding format using a form of Lossy data compression By default, it is encoded in mono at a bit rate of 64 kbit/s sampled at 22050 Hz, giving an audio bandwidth of around 10 kHz. Monaural (often shortened to mono) sound reproduction is single-channel In Telecommunications and Computing, bitrate (sometimes written bit rate, data rate or as a Variable R or f b In Signal processing, sampling is the reduction of a Continuous signal to a Discrete signal. Bandwidth is the difference between the upper and lower Cutoff frequencies of for example a filter, a Communication channel, or a Signal spectrum The default bit rate delivers passable but not hi-fi audio quality. High fidelity or hi-fi reproduction is a term used by home stereo listeners and home audio enthusiasts ( Audiophiles to refer to high-quality reproduction It is possible for a standard quality YouTube video to have a stereo audio track if the movie file is converted to FLV format prior to upload. Stereophonic sound, commonly called stereo, is the reproduction of Sound, using two or more independent audio channels through a Symmetrical Flash Video is the name of a File format used to deliver Video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially produced This can be done with programs including ffmpeg for Linux and Windows, ffmpegX for Macintosh or the commercial Riva FLV Encoder for Windows. Linux (commonly pronounced ˈlɪnəks Microsoft Windows is a series of Software Operating systems and Graphical user interfaces produced by Microsoft. Macintosh, commonly nicknamed Mac is a Brand name which covers several lines of Personal computers designed developed and marketed by Apple Inc [37]

Content accessibility

On YouTube

YouTube accepts common video file formats and converts them to Flash Video in order to make them available for online viewing. Flash Video is the name of a File format used to deliver Video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player (initially produced Since June 2007, newly uploaded videos have also been encoded using the H.264 video standard to enable streaming of YouTube videos on the Apple TV, iPhone, and iPod touch. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and

On Apple TV

Apple Inc. announced on 20 June 2007 that YouTube is accessible on the Apple TV after installation of a free software update. Apple Inc, ( formerly Apple Computer Inc, is an American Multinational corporation with a focus on designing and manufacturing Consumer electronics Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Functionality includes browsing by category, searching videos, and the ability for members to log onto their YouTube accounts directly on Apple TV. Access to thousands of the most current and popular YouTube videos are available, and there were plans to add thousands more videos each week. The entire catalog was targeted to be available in fall 2007. According to Apple VP David Moody, the reason for the delay was the need for all current YouTube content to be transcoded to Apple's preferred video standard, H.264. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding)

On mobile

YouTube launched its mobile site, YouTube Mobile on 15 June 2007. Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. It is based on xHTML and uses 3GP videos with H. The Extensible Hypertext Markup Language, or XHTML, is a 3GP is a Multimedia Container format defined by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP for use on 3G Mobile phones but can 263/AMR codec and RTSP streaming. The Real Time Streaming Protocol ( RTSP) developed by the IETF and created in 1998 as RFC 2326 is a protocol for use in Streaming media It is available via a web interface at m.youtube.com or via YouTube's Mobile Java Application.

On TV

YouTube TV Channel is on Information TV 2, and it started January 7, 2008. Information TV is a Television organisation which broadcasts two Free-to-air channels on Sky Digital in the United Kingdom. Events 1325 - Alfonso IV becomes King of Portugal. 1558 - France takes Calais, the last continental 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The channel is airing video sharing content from the YouTube website.

On iPhone and iPod touch

Apple announced Wednesday, 20 June 2007 that YouTube would be available on iPhone at launch. The iPhone is an internet-connected Multimedia Smartphone designed and marketed by Apple Inc The iPod Touch (trademarked and marketed as the iPod touch and sometimes colloquially referred to as the iTouch) is a Portable media player and Events 451 - Battle of Chalons: Flavius Aetius ' defeats Attila the Hun. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Streaming is over WiFi or EDGE. Wi-Fi (ˈwaɪfaɪ is the trade name for the popular wireless technology used Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution ( EDGE) Enhanced GPRS ( EGPRS) or IMT Single Carrier ( IMT-SC)

Videos on YouTube for the iPhone are encoded in Apple's preferred H.264 format. H264 is a standard for Video compression. It is also known as MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for Advanced Video Coding) All videos are viewed in the horizontal orientation of the phone. As YouTube videos have 4:3 aspect ratio and the iPhone is 3:2, videos must be viewed with black bars on the side (pillarboxed) or may be zoomed to trim some of the top and bottom to fill the screen.

Not all videos were available on iPhone initially because not every video was reencoded to H. 264. There are two versions of each video on YouTube, one is higher bandwidth for WiFi use, and one is lower resolution for EDGE use.

Unlike the Apple TV version, users cannot log in to their own YouTube accounts, but can create a separate favorites list just for the iPhone.

Outside YouTube

Each YouTube video is accompanied by a piece of HTML markup which can be used to link to the video or embed it on a page outside the YouTube website, unless the submitter of a video chooses to disable the feature. HTML, an initialism of HyperText Markup Language, is the predominant Markup language for Web pages It provides a means to describe the structure A small addition to the markup allows the video to play automatically when the webpage loads. These options are especially popular with users of social networking sites. YouTube videos can also be accessed via a gadget which is available for the iGoogle homepage. iGoogle (formerly Google Personalized Homepage and Google IG) a service of Google, is a customizable AJAX -based Startpage much like [38]

YouTube videos are designed to be viewed while connected to the internet, and no official feature allows for them to be downloaded and viewed offline. [39] However, a number of third-party web sites, applications and browser extensions (such as Firefox extensions) exist for this purpose. [40]. Alternatively, . flv files can be copied from the 'Temporary Internet Files' folder in Windows, or the /tmp directory in GNU systems, to a permanent folder. Temporary Internet Files is a directory on Microsoft Windows computer systems GNU ( pronounced) is a computer Operating system composed entirely of Free software. The . flv files can then be viewed and edited directly or converted to other formats using various applications such as VLC media player.

Annotations

In June 2008, YouTube launched a beta test of Annotations, which can display notes or links within a video. Software testing is an Empirical investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test, with respect to the Annotations allow for information to be added, for example stories with multiple possibilities (viewers click to choose the next scene), and links to other YouTube videos. Annotations are currently available only on the English language YouTube and will not appear on videos embedded outside the YouTube website. [41] [42]

Localization

On June 19, 2007, Eric E. Schmidt was in Paris to launch the new localization system. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Eric Emerson Schmidt (born in Washington DC) is Chairman and CEO of Google Inc Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The entire interface of the website is now available with localized versions in numerous countries:

CountryURLLanguagesLaunch date
Flag of Australia Australiahttp://au.youtube.com/English (Australia)02007-10-22 22 October 2007[43]
Flag of Brazil Brazilhttp://br.youtube.com/Portuguese (Brazil)02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of Canada Canadahttp://ca.youtube.com/English (Canada)02007-11-06 6 November 2007[45]
Flag of France Francehttp://fr.youtube.com/French02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of Germany Germanyhttp://de.youtube.com/German02007-11-08 8 November 2007[46]
Flag of Hong Kong Hong Konghttp://hk.youtube.com/Chinese (Traditional)02007-10-17 17 October 2007[47]
Flag of India Indiahttp://in.youtube.com/English (India)02008-05-07 7 May 2008[48]
Flag of Ireland Irelandhttp://ie.youtube.com/English (Ireland)02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of Italy Italyhttp://it.youtube.com/Italian02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of Japan Japanhttp://jp.youtube.com/Japanese02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of South Korea South Koreahttp://kr.youtube.com/Korean02008-01-23 23 January 2008
Flag of Mexico Mexicohttp://mx.youtube.com/Spanish (Mexico)02007-10-10 10 October 2007
Flag of the Netherlands Netherlandshttp://nl.youtube.com/Dutch02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of New Zealand New Zealandhttp://nz.youtube.com/English (New Zealand)02007-10-22 22 October 2007[43]
Flag of Poland Polandhttp://pl.youtube.com/Polish02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of Russia Russiahttp://ru.youtube.com/Russian02007-11-13 13 November 2007
Flag of Spain Spainhttp://es.youtube.com/Spanish02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]
Flag of the Republic of China Republic of China (Taiwan)http://tw.youtube.com/Chinese (Traditional)02007-10-18 18 October 2007[49]
Flag of the United Kingdom United Kingdomhttp://uk.youtube.com/English (United Kingdom)02007-06-19 19 June 2007[44]

Google aims to compete with local video-sharing websites like DailyMotion in France. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Australian English ( AuE, AusE, en-AU) is the form of the English language used in Australia. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Brazilian Portuguese ( Language code pt-BR Portuguese: português brasileiro or português do Brasil) is a group of Portuguese Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Canadian English ( CanE, en-CA) is the variety of English used in Canada. Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Hong Kong ( officially the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, is a territory located on China 's south coast on the Pearl River Delta, and borders Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Indian English comprises several Dialects or varieties of English spoken primarily in India, and by first-generation members of the Indian diaspora Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. Hiberno-English also known as Anglo-Irish and Irish English is English as spoken in Ireland, partly the result of the interaction of the English Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. is a language spoken by over 130 million people in Japan and in Japanese emigrant communities Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː This article is mainly about the spoken Korean language See Hangul for details on the native Korean writing system Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Mexican Spanish ( español mexicano in Spanish is the Spanish language as it is spoken in Mexico. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island New Zealand English ( NZE, en-NZ) is the form of the English language used in New Zealand. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Dailymotion is a Video hosting service Website, based in Paris, France. It also made an agreement with local television stations like M6 and France Télévisions to legally broadcast video content. Métropole 6, known popularly as simply M6, is a French Television service owned by a company called Métropole Télévision. France Télévisions (fʁɑ̃s televiʒjɔ̃ is the French public national television broadcaster

On October 17, 2007 it was announced that a Hong Kong version had been launched. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. YouTube's Steve Chen said its next target will be Taiwan. [50][51]

On October 22, 2007 YouTube New Zealand had its launch party, stating that its aim was to help create YouTube celebrities within New Zealand. Events 202 BC - Hannibal Barca, leader of the Carthaginians, is defeated by the Roman legions under Scipio Africanus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. This was quickly evident with the rise of such New Zealand YouTube shows as Three Best Friends That Live Together and LiveFromJoes.

YouTube has been subject to threats of censorship by various countries because of the content it hosts. It was blocked from Mainland China from the 18th October due to the censorship of the Taiwanese flag. URLs to YouTube were redirected to China's own search engine, Baidu. Baidu ( ( is the leading Chinese Search engine for websites audio files and images It was subsequently unblocked on the 31st of October. [52]

Channel type

Members of YouTube. com are offered to be a part of groups called "Channel Types" that make their channel more distinctive. At one time, when you signed up for a Director account setting, you were offered to have unlimited video length, but that is no longer offered, although the users who joined the "Director" group during that time still have that unlimited video length setting. At that time, they were still also limited to 100MB in video size, but now these accounts are limited to 1024 MB. The types are:

Video rankings

YouTube awards videos with honors, the most popular of which is "most viewed"[53] which are divided into four categories: today, this week, this month and all time. Honors include:

YouTube Video Awards

Main article: YouTube Awards

In 2006, YouTube presented the annual YouTube Video Awards. The YouTube Awards are awards given out as formalized recognition of the best YouTube videos of the preceding year as voted by the YouTube community [54] Categories include "'most adorable video ever" and "most creative. " YouTube nominates the contenders, and users decide the winners. Only original, user created videos are nominated. Nominees for the 2006 awards included Peter Oakley (geriatric1927), LonelyGirl15, thewinekone, Renetto, Nezzomic, and Chad Vader. Peter Oakley (born 20 August 1927) is a Pensioner from Leicester, England. lonelygirl15 was an interactive web-based video series which began in June 2006 and ended on August 1 2008 Tony Huỳnh ( thewinekone or TWK) is a Vietnamese Canadian YouTube comedian from Toronto Ontario. Paul Robinett, better known by his Screen name renetto, is an American Internet personality and Entrepreneur. Chad Vader is a Fan film series by Blame Society Productions that has gained popularity on the Internet, particularly through viewings on YouTube and [55][56]

Recent events

Political campaigning

Political candidates for the 2008 U. S. Presidential election have been using YouTube as an outlet for advertising their candidacies. Voters can view candidate statements and make videos supporting (or opposing) presidential candidates (e. g. , videos for Ron Paul, Hillary Clinton, Barack Obama, and Joe Biden). Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton (born October 26 1947 is the junior United States Senator from [57] [58] Third Party presidential candidates have also made extensive use of YouTube. Libertarian Steve Kubby's campaign debuted a short animated film, featuring the faces and voices of campaign contributors who financed its production, on YouTube on September 29th, 2007. The Libertarian Party is a United States political party founded on December 11 1971 Steven "Steve" Wynn Kubby (born December 28 1946) is a Libertarian Party activist who played a key role in the drafting and passage of California [59] The U. S. media has often commented that YouTube played a significant role in the 2006 defeat of Republican Senator George Allen due to a video clip of him making allegedly racist remarks that was continuously replayed by YouTube viewers during the campaign. George Felix Allen (born March 8 1952 is a former Republican United States Senator from the Commonwealth of Virginia, and the son of former [60] [61] [62] [63] [64] Political commentators such as James Kotecki have also joined the YouTube world of politics. James Kotecki (born October 23, 1985 in Syracuse, New York) known on YouTube as EmergencyCheese, is a political video Blogger Many commentators make videos on YouTube critiquing a presidential candidate's YouTube videos, or simply using YouTube as a medium to get their opinions heard. Recently, French and Italian politicians, such as Antonio Di Pietro, have also been using the site as part of their campaigns. Antonio Di Pietro (born on 2 October 1950 is an Italian politician YouTube has also been used by former Australian Prime Minister John Howard in the lead up to the 2007 federal election. See also Howard Government John Winston Howard AC (born 26 July 1939 was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia from 11 March

CNN-YouTube presidential debates

The CNN-YouTube Republican Debate on 2007-11-28
The CNN-YouTube Republican Debate on 2007-11-28
Main article: CNN-YouTube presidential debates

In the run up to the 2008 Presidential elections, CNN aired a debate in which candidates fielded questions selected from a pool submitted by users of YouTube. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events The CNN-YouTube presidential debates are a series of televised debates in which United States presidential hopefuls field questions submitted through the popular Social Because of the use of technology to aggregate questions from a wide range of constituents, the forum has been referred to as "most democratic Presidential Debate ever". [65]

April Fools'

For the 2008 April Fools' Day prank, every "Featured Video" on the front page redirected to Rick Astley's "Never Gonna Give You Up," effectively rickrolling everyone who attempted to watch a featured video on the site. This article is about the informal holiday For other uses see April Fool. A prank is defined as "acting like a clown or buffoon" or "dressing showily" or alternatively "a ludicrous or grotesque act done for fun and amusement" Richard Paul Astley (born February 6, 1966) is an English Singer, Songwriter and Musician. " Never Gonna Give You Up " is a Dance-pop song originally performed by Rick Astley. [66]

See also


References

  1. ^ "Surprise! There's a third YouTube co-founder", USATODAY, October 11, 2006. Alternative media are media (newspapers radio television movies Internet etc This is a list of phenomena specific to the Internet, such as popular themes and catchphrases, Viral videos, amateur celebrities and more ATTENTION! * 1 DO NOT ADD YOUR OWN YOUTUBE PAGE OR ANOTHER PERSON'S VIDEOS FOR THE PURPOSE OF ADVERTISING User generated content ( UGC, often hyphenated also known as Consumer Generated Media ( CGM) or User created Content ( UCC) refers A viral video is a Video clip that gains widespread popularity through the process of Internet sharing typically through Email or Events 1138 - A massive earthquake struck Aleppo, Syria. 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  2. ^ "Google closes $A2b YouTube deal", Reuters, November 14, 2006. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  3. ^ "YouTube serves up 100 million videos a day online", USA TODAY, Gannett Company, Inc, 2006-07-16. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 622 - The beginning of the Islamic calendar. 1054 - Three Roman legates fractured relations between the Western and Retrieved on 2007-11-24. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal  
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  11. ^ Rhys Blakely. "Utube sues YouTube" Times Online, November 02, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  12. ^ "Utube.com v. YouTube.com: Ohio pipe firm says confused web surfers are hurting its business" The Smoking Gun, November 2, 2006; retrieved November 17, 2006. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
  13. ^ WHOIS results for www.utube.com. DomainTools. Retrieved on 2008-05-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the
  14. ^ Bray, Marianne. Irate HK man unlikely Web hero. CNN. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  15. ^ Heffernand, Virginia. "Web Guitar Wizard Revealed at Last", New York Times, 2006-08-27. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Retrieved on 2007-07-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival  
  16. ^ YouTube Terms of Use, accessed 5 May 2007
  17. ^ Viacom will sue YouTube for $1bn. Events 553 - The Second Council of Constantinople begins 1215 - Rebel Barons renounce their allegiance to King John Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. BBC News. Retrieved on 2008-05-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
  18. ^ Premier League to take action against YouTube. Daily Telegraph. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  19. ^ YouTube law fight 'threatens net'. BBC News. Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  20. ^ What is YouTube's Video Identification tool?. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-05-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 927 - Simeon the Great, Tsar of Bulgaria, dies 1120 - Richard III of Capua is anointed
  21. ^ YouTube criticized in Germany over anti-Semitic Nazi videos. Reuters. This article is primarily about Reuters prior to its 2008 merger with Thomson Retrieved on 2008-05-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling
  22. ^ Fury as YouTube carries sick Hillsboro video insult. icLiverpool. Retrieved on 2008-05-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned
  23. ^ (February 23, 2008). Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Access to YouTube blocked until further notice because of "non-Islamic" videos Reporters Without Borders. Accessed February 24, 2008. Events 303 - Galerius, Roman Emperor, publishes his edict that begins the persecution of Christians in his portion of the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  24. ^ (February 23, 2008). Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common BBC News YouTube outage blamed on Pakistan Sunday, 24 February 2008, 22:38 GMT
  25. ^ (February 27, 2008). Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Pakistan web users get round YouTube ban Silicon Republic. Accessed February 27, 2008. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  26. ^ "Pakistan lifts YouTube ban", ABC News, 2008-02-26. This article is about the American news organization See also ABC News (disambiguation ABC News is a division of American 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed Retrieved on 2008-02-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 747 BC - Epoch (origin of Ptolemy 's Nabonassar Era 364 - Valentinian I is proclaimed  
  27. ^ AustralianIT. "States still hold out on YouTube", 2007-03-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of  
  28. ^ Internetnews: YouTube's Not-so-'Friendly' Spam
  29. ^ Adobe Flash Player Version Penetration Adobe
  30. ^ YouTube's help section states: "You can no longer upload videos longer than ten minutes regardless of what type of account you have. Adobe bricks are a Natural building material made from Sand, Clay, water and some kind of fibrous or Organic material ( Sticks, Users who had previously been allowed to upload longer content still retain this ability, so you may occasionally see videos that are longer than ten minutes. " The ten minute limit was introduced in March 2006 after YouTube realized that the majority of videos over this length were from television shows and films.
  31. ^ Multi-Video Upload. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
  32. ^ Coding Horror: Did YouTube Cut the Gordian Knot of Video Codecs?
  33. ^ In which formats YouTube officially accepts uploaded videos
  34. ^ Verified by analyzing internal structure of, and playing, newly uploaded videos, 2007-11-19
  35. ^ Baekdal, Thomas. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1095 - The Council of Clermont, called by Pope Urban II to discuss sending the First Crusade to the Holy Land YouTube in High-resolution. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable
  36. ^ VYouTube launches HQ videos
  37. ^ Stereo Audio Demonstration. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
  38. ^ Official YouTube Gadget. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  39. ^ Can I download videos to watch later?. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-06-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits
  40. ^ FlashLoad.net, Javimoya.com, etc.
  41. ^ How do I create or edit video annotations?. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
  42. ^ YouTube Annotations Demonstration. YouTube. Retrieved on 2008-06-04. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China.
  43. ^ a b YouTube Launches in Australia & New Zealand
  44. ^ a b c d e f g h i Google launches YouTube France News - PC Advisor
  45. ^ YouTube Canada Now Live
  46. ^ YouTube Germany Launches
  47. ^ Chita • 檢視主題 - YouTube 台灣版推出
  48. ^ YouTube now has an Indian incarnation
  49. ^ Chita • 檢視主題 - YouTube 台灣版推出
  50. ^ 881903.com Commercial Radio
  51. ^ CableTV
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  53. ^ YouTube. com. YouTube page on "most viewed". Retrieved on July 13, 2007. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to
  54. ^ youtube.com/ytawards
  55. ^ Coyle, Jake. "YouTube to announce awards for user video", MSNBC / Associated Press, March 19, 2007. MSNBC is a 24-hour cable television news channel based in the United States and available in Canada. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  56. ^ staff. "YouTube to present video awards", BBC News, March 19, 2007. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.  
  57. ^ Tamara Lytle. "Web spurs revolution in race for president", Orlando Sentinel, 2007-04-15. The Orlando Sentinel is the primary Newspaper of the Orlando Florida region Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title  
  58. ^ Jose Antonio Vargas. "'Ron Paul, who?' no longer applies GOP hopeful big hit in YouTube videos", San Francisco Chronicle, 2007-06-17. The San Francisco Chronicle was founded in 1865 as The Daily Dramatic Chronicle by teenage brothers Charles de Young and Michael H Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Retrieved on 2007-06-23. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish  
  59. ^ Kubby for President. "Steve Kubby for President 2008", YouTube, 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire. Retrieved on 2007-09-29. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 522 BC - Darius I of Persia kills the Magian usurper Gaumâta securing his hold as king of the Persian Empire.  
  60. ^ Andrew Kantor. "We would be well served to delete others' missteps in Web's archive", USA Today, 2006-11-16. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title  
  61. ^ Carrie Budoff. "Senators Fear Having A "Macaca" Moment: Smallest Slip-Ups Can Tank A Campaign, Thanks To YouTube", CBS News, 2007-02-02. CBS News is the news division of American Television and Radio network CBS. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title  
  62. ^ Andrew Sullivan. "Video power: the potent new political force", The Sunday Times, 2007-02-04. The Sunday Times is a Sunday Broadsheet Newspaper distributed in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Retrieved on 2007-04-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title   "Without a hostile videocam and the blogosphere, Allen would have cruised on to victory. But the damning video found its way to YouTube, and then it was carried by the TV networks, and before long Allen’s attempt at re-election hit a brick wall. "
  63. ^ Frank Rich. "2006: The Year of the 'Macaca'", The New York Times, 2006-11-12. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days  
  64. ^ Howard Kurtz, Glenn Reynolds, Ryan Lizza, Andrea Koppel. Reliable Sources [TV-Series]. CNN Reliable Sources. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Reliable Sources is an American News media analysis talk program on CNN. "Allen used a word that some European countries consider a racial slur against an Indian-American volunteer for his Democratic opponent Jim Webb. And the web cam posted it on the popular web site YouTube. com, where it's been seen more than 100,000 times. "
  65. ^ O'Brien, Luke (2007-06-14). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the YouTube and CNN Discuss "Most Democratic" Presidential Debate Ever. Wired Magazine. Wired is a full-color monthly American Magazine and on-line periodical published in San Francisco, California since March 1993 Retrieved on 2007-08-01. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman
  66. ^ Arrington, Michael. J Michael Arrington (born March 13 1970 in Orange California) is a Serial entrepreneur and the maintainer of TechCrunch, a "YouTube RickRolls Users", TechCrunch, 2008-03-31. TechCrunch is a Blog about Web 20 products & companies many of the posts written by Michael Arrington. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor Retrieved on 2008-04-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)  

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