Cyrillic letter Yo
Unicode (hex)
majuscule: U+0401
minuscule: U+0451
Cyrillic alphabet
А	Б	В	Г	Ґ	Д	Ѓ
Ђ	Е	Ѐ	Ё	Є	Ж	З
Ѕ	И	Ѝ	І	Ї	Й	Ј
К	Л	Љ	М	Н	Њ	О
П	Р	С	Т	Ћ	Ќ	У
Ў	Ф	Х	Ц	Ч	Џ	Ш
Щ	Ъ	Ы	Ь	Э	Ю	Я
Non-Slavic letters
Ӑ	Ӓ	Ә	Ӛ	Ӕ	Ғ	Ӷ
Ҕ	Ӗ	Ҽ	Ҿ	Ӂ	Җ	Ӝ
Ҙ	Ӟ	Ӡ	Ӥ	Ӣ	Ӏ	Ҋ
Қ	Ҟ	Ҡ	Ӄ	Ҝ	Ӆ	Ӎ
Ҥ	Ң	Ӊ	Ӈ	Ӧ	Ө	Ӫ
Ҩ	Ҧ	Ҏ	Ҫ	Ҭ	Ӳ	Ӱ
Ӯ	Ү	Ұ	Ҳ	Һ	Ҵ	Ӵ
Ҷ	Ӌ	Ҹ	Ӹ	Ҍ	Ӭ
Archaic letters
Ҁ	Ѹ	Ѡ	Ѿ	Ѻ	Ѣ	ІА
Ѥ	Ѧ	Ѫ	Ѩ	Ѭ	Ѯ	Ѱ
Ѳ	Ѵ	Ѷ	Ꙟ
List of Cyrillic letters

Yo (Ё, ё) is the seventh letter of the Russian Cyrillic alphabet, invented in 1783 by Yekaterina Dashkova, and first used, among others, in 1797 by the Russian historian and writer Nikolay Karamzin to replace the ‘іо’ combination in some cases (see below). Capital letters or majuscules pronunciation /məˈdʒʌskyuls ˈmædʒəˌskyuls/ in the Roman alphabet A, B, C, D, Lower case (also lower-case or lowercase) minuscule, or small letters are the smaller form of letters as opposed to upper The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by A (А а is the first letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It arose directly from the Greek letter alpha. Ve (В в is the third letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the sound /v/ Ge or He (Г г italics Г, г) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing /g/ or /ɦ/ in different languages Ge (Ґ ґ italic Ґґ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet mainly used in Ukrainian, representing the De (Д д italics Д д) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Gje (Ѓ ѓ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent / ɟ / or / ʥ / Dje, or Djerv (Ђ ђ is the sixth letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the sound /ʥ/ a Voiced alveolo-palatal For the Ukrainian alphabet letter Ye (Є є see Ukrainian Ye. Ye with grave ( Majuscule: Ѐ, minuscule: ѐ) is a Cyrillic character representing a stressed variant of regular letter е. Ye (Є є is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in Ukrainian and Rusyn languages to represent the iotated vowel sound /je/ Zhe (Ж ж is the letter of Cyrillic alphabet which represents the Voiced postalveolar fricative /ʒ/ ( listen) similar to the s Ze (З з is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /z/ Dze (Ѕ ѕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used to represent the sound /dz/ in the Macedonian alphabet. I or Y (И и italics И, и) is a letter of almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets representing typically /i/ (in Old Slavonic I with grave ( Majuscule: Ѝ, minuscule: ѝ) is a character representing a stressed variant of regular letter ‹и› in some variants of the I (І і (also called dotted I) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the orthographies of the Belarusian, Kazakh and Yi (Ї ї is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Ukrainian and Rusyn languages Je (Ј ј is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian, Macedonian, Azeri, and Altai languages Ka (К к is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It is derived from the Greek letter kappa (Κ κ El (Л л is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /l/ unless it comes before a palatalizing vowel when it represents /lʲ/ except in Serbian The Cyrillic letter lje (Љ љ was originally a ligature of Л and Ь and represents a palatal lateral /ʎ/ a sound similar (but not equal Em (М м is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing a Bilabial nasal consonant /m/ unless it is before a palatalizing vowel when it represents En (Н н is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the consonant /n/ unless followed by ь or any of the Palatalizing vowels when it represents /nʲ/ The Cyrillic letter Nje (Њ њ is a Ligature of Н and Ь. It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents O (О о is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/ word-initially and after hard consonants Pe (П п (formerly referred to by the mnemonic name pokoy) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant /p/ unless followed Er (Р р is the eighteenth letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It was developed from the Greek letter Rho. Es (С с is the eighteenth letter in the Bulgarian the nineteenth letter in the Russian and the twenty-first letter in Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Te (Т т italics Т, т) is the letter in the Cyrillic alphabet corresponding to T in the Latin alphabet Tshe (Ћ ћ is the 23rd letter in the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet. Kje (Ќ ќ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language. U (У у is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /u/ after non-palatalized (hard consonants Short U (Ў ў is a letter of the Belarusian Cyrillic alphabet. Ef (Ф ф is the twenty-second letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Kha, (Х х is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the Voiceless velar fricative /x/ in Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian Tse (Ц ц is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It looks somewhat like U with square corners and a "pig tail" on the bottom right Che or Cha (Ч ч italics Ч ч) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Dzhe (Џ џ is a letter of Vuk Karadžić 's Cyrillic alphabet reform used in Serbo-Croatian and Macedonian to represent a Voiced Sha (Ш ш italics Ш ш) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the consonant sound /ʃ/ or /ʂ/ Shcha or Shta (Щ щ italics Щ щ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, historically representing The letter Yer or Jer ( Ъ, ъ) of the Cyrillic alphabet is known as the hard sign (твёрдый знак znak in the modern Yery or Yeru (Ы ы usually called ы in modern Russian) is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. The soft sign (Ь ь is a symbol in the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Old Slavic language, it represented a short -like vowel but in modern Slavic Cyrillic writing For the letter E (Е е of the Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian and Ukrainian alphabets see Ye (Cyrillic Yu (Ю ю is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing either the combination /ju/ (a so-called iotated vowel or /u/ after a palatalized consonant Ya (Я я is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, representing either the combination /ja/ (a so-called Iotated vowel) or /a/ after a palatalized consonant The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages A with breve ( Majuscule: Ӑ, minuscule: ă) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Chuvash language orthography A with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӓ, minuscule: ä) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet currently used in the Khanty, Kildin Sami Schwa ( Majuscule: Ә, minuscule: ә) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. Schwa with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӛ, minuscule: ӛ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now only used in the Khanty language. Ӕ ӕ is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now used in Ossetic to represent the Near-open front unrounded vowel /æ/ Ghayn is also a spelling for the Arabic letter Ghain. The Cyrillic letter Ghayn, Ge stroke or Ayn (in Kazakh Ge with descender ( Majuscule: Ӷ, minuscule: ӷ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used to write Siberian Yupik in Ge with middle hook ( Majuscule: Ҕ, minuscule: ҕ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Sakha and Abkhaz to represent Ye with Breve ( Majuscule: Ӗ, minuscule: ӗ) is a Cyrillic letter used only in Chuvash language Abkhazian Che ( Majuscule: Ҽ, minuscule: ҽ) is a letter found in the Cyrillic Alphabet. The Abkhazian Che with descender ( Majuscule: Ҿ, minuscule: ҿ) is a Cyrillic letter currently used for the Abkhazian language Zhe with breve ( Majuscule: Ӂ, minuscule: ӂ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, created by Soviet linguists for the Cyrillization The Cyrillic letter Zhe with descender or Zhje ( Majuscule: Җ, minuscule: җ) is used as a letter in the Tatar, Kalmyk and Zhe with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӝ, minuscule: ӝ) is a letter of the Cyrillic Alphabet used only in the Udmurt language. Ze with descender or Dhe ( Majuscule: Ҙ, minuscule: ҙ) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir language. Ze with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӟ, minuscule: ӟ) is a letter of Cyrillic now used in Udmurt language. Abkhazian Dze ( Majuscule: Ӡ, minuscule: ӡ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Abkhazian language. Used in the Udmurt language, I with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӥ, minuscule: ӥ) is a non-Slavic letter from the Cyrillic alphabet. I with macron ( Majuscule: Ӣ, minuscule: ӣ) is a letter of the Cyrillic Alphabet used in Tajik language to sound the Palatal approximant Palochka or Páločka ( Majuscule: Ӏ minuscule: ӏ Russian: па́лочка a stick is a letter added to the Cyrillic alphabet Short I with tail ( Majuscule: Ҋ, minuscule: ҋ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. The Cyrillic letter Қ, қ (in Kazakh: kk Qa) is a К with a Descender. Ka with stroke ( Majuscule: Ҟ, minuscule: ҟ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Abkhaz to represent an Uvular ejective Bashkir Qa or Bashkir Ka (Ҡ ҡ is a Cyrillic letter used in the Bashkir language. Ka with hook ( Majuscule: Ӄ, minuscule: ӄ) is a Cyrillic letter currently used in the Khanty and Chukchi language. Ka with vertical stroke ( Majuscule: Ҝ, minuscule: ҝ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Azeri. El with tail ( Majuscule: Ӆ, minuscule: ӆ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used only in Klidin Sami language, located between Em with tail ( Majuscule: Ӎ, minuscule: ӎ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet only now used in Kildin Sami language. Ligature En Ge ( Majuscule: Ҥ, minuscule: ҥ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the non-Slavic languages Altai, Bashkir The Cyrillic letter N with descender or Ng (in Kazakh) (Ң ң is an Н with a Descender. En with tail ( Majuscule: minuscule: is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now only used in Kildin Sami language. En with hook ( Majuscule: Ӈ, minuscule: ӈ) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet used in non-Slavic languages Even, Evenki O with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӧ, minuscule ӧ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now used in the Kurdish, Altay, Khakass The Cyrillic letter Oe or Barred O (Ө ө is an O with a horizontal line through it Oe with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӫ, minuscule: ӫ) is a Cyrillic letter used in the Khanty and Even languages Abkhazian Kha ( Majuscule: Ҩ, minuscule: ҩ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in the Abkhaz language and placed Ҧ ( minuscule: ҧ) is a Cyrillic letter only used in Abkhaz. Ҏ ( minuscule: ҏ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Kildin Sami to represent a voiceless trill ( IPA Es with descender or The (not the same as the Definite article) in Bashkir ( Majuscule: Ҫ, minuscule: ҫ) is a Cyrillic Te with descender ( Majuscule: Ҭ, minuscule: ҭ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Abkhaz, where it represents aspirated U with double acute ( Majuscule: Ӳ, minuscule: ӳ) is used for the Chuvash language. U with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӱ, minuscule: ӱ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet to be used for the Khakass, Mari, U with macron ( Majuscule: Ӯ, minuscule: ӯ) is a letter of the Cyrillic Alphabet used for the Tajik language. The Cyrillic letter Straight U (Ү ү (in Mongolian, Kazakh, Tatar, Bashkir languages Buryat and Kalmyk langugages and many others The Cyrillic letter Straight U with stroke (Ұ ұ is a straight Cyrillic У with a horizontal line through it Kha with Descender or Soft Kha ( Majuscule: Ҳ, minuscule: ҳ) is a letter of certain Cyrillic alphabets such as Abkhaz Shha or He (Һ һ is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet used in Bashkir, Ligature Te Tse ( Majuscule: Ҵ, minuscule: ҵ) is a Cyrillic ligature used only for the Abkhaz language, located between Che with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӵ, minuscule: ӵ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet now used in Udmurt language where it is the Che with descender ( Majuscule: Ҷ, minuscule: ҷ) is a letter of Tajik Cyrillic alphabet to represent the Affricate /ʤ/ Khakassian Che ( Majuscule: Ӌ, minuscule ӌ) is a letter of Cyrillic alphabet only now used in Khakas language. Che with vertical stroke ( Majuscule: Ҹ, minuscule: ҹ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Azeri. Yery with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӹ, minuscule: ӹ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used for writing the Mari language. The semisoft sign ( Majuscule: Ҍ, minuscule: ҍ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used only in Kildin Sami, indicating E with diaeresis ( Majuscule: Ӭ, minuscule: ӭ) is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet currently used in Kildin Sami. The original Cyrillic alphabet was a writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire in the tenth century to write the Old Church Slavonic Liturgical The letter koppa in the Early Cyrillic alphabet Uk (Оу оу is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. It was originally a Digraph of о and either {{unicode|ѵ}} or у Omega,, is a letter used in the Early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Omega, Ω ω Broad On (majuscule Ѻ, minuscule ѻ) is a variety of the regular Cyrillic letter "On" (О о used in Church Slavonic: italics. IPA is used to make sure that old Cyrillic is displayed properly Ya (Я я is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet, representing either the combination /ja/ (a so-called Iotated vowel) or /a/ after a palatalized consonant E iotified (Ѥ ѥ is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Little Yus and Big Yus, or Jus, are the letters representing two Common Slavonic Nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Psi (Ѱ ѱ is a letter in the Early Cyrillic alphabet, derived from the Greek letter psi (Ψ ψ For the acronym see FITA Fita (Ѳ ѳ is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet, descended from the Greek Theta. Izhitsa ( Ѵ, ѵ; И́жица is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Izhitsa ( Ѵ, ѵ; И́жица is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. Variants of the Cyrillic alphabet are used by the Writing systems of many languages especially languages used in the former Soviet Union The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by Princess Yekaterina Romanovna Vorontsova-Dashkova (Екатери́на Рома́новна Воронцо́ва-Да́шкова ( March 17, 1743 – January Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin ( Никола́й Миха́йлович Карамзи́н) (December 1 1766 – June 3 1826 a Russian author credited ^[1] It is used in the Russian, Belarusian and Rusyn languages, along with many of the Caucasian and Turkic languages which use or used the Cyrillic alphabet, but not in many of the other Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Rusyn (ry русинськый язык) is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, with which it shares The languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains which lie between The Turkic languages constitute a Language family of some thirty languages spoken by Turkic peoples across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages (Interestingly, because Bulgarian does not use the letter, it uses "ьо" instead -- which is the only place where the soft sign is ever used in modern Bulgarian (but only after consonants - initially or after vowels йo is used instead). Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group The soft sign (Ь ь is a symbol in the Cyrillic alphabet. In the Old Slavic language, it represented a short -like vowel but in modern Slavic Cyrillic writing

It is an iotated or palatalized O (/jo/ as in yogurt, or /ʲo/), except when following a postalveolar fricative, like ж, ч, ш and щ, it represents a simple /o/. Iotation is a form of Palatalization which occurs in Slavic languages. Palatalization or palatalisation (ˌpælətəlɨˈzeɪʃən generally refers to two phenomena As a process or the result of a process O (О о is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, representing the vowel /o/ word-initially and after hard consonants Postalveolar consonants are Consonants articulated with the tongue near or touching the back of the Alveolar ridge, placing them a bit further back in the Fricatives are Consonants produced by forcing air through a narrow channel made by placing two articulators close together This letter's syllable is always under stress. In Linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain Syllables in a word

Yo is identical in form to ye, as well as Latin E, except for a symbol similar to an umlaut or dieresis. For the Ukrainian alphabet letter Ye (Є є see Ukrainian Ye. E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled e (iː plural es or ees (also written E's E Diaeresis or trema See also Diaeresis History Historically the diaeresis mark or trema is far older than the umlaut mark In Linguistics, diaeresis, or dieresis, is the pronunciation of two adjacent Vowels in two separate Syllables rather than as a Diphthong This diacritic serves no regular function in Russian (as it does in German or French), and is solely used to differentiate this letter from ye. A diacritic ( also called a diacritic or diacritical mark, point, or sign, is a small sign added to a letter to alter pronunciation The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people It was first used at the end of 18th century in literary works by various writers, but it has not gained standard usage until 1940s.

Wherever the sound occurs in Russian, it corresponds historically to yе, a fact which may be seen from comparison with other Slavic languages: моё (my—neuter nominative and accusative singular) is moje in Polish, Czech, and Slovak. Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian"

Though in common use after World War II, in printed Russian yo is still replaced by the letter ye due to their similar appearance and the ability for speakers to tell by context which sound is represented. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Its use is mandatory in dictionaries, children's books and textbooks for foreign learners.

Some Russian authors (e. g. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) and periodicals (e. Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn ( Алекса́ндр Иса́евич Солжени́цын) (December 11 1918 – August 3 2008 was a Russian Novelist g. Literaturnaya Gazeta) always publish their texts with yo. Literaturnaya Gazeta (Literary Newspaper Литературная газета is a weekly cultural and political newspaper published in Russia and Soviet

The fact that yo is frequently replaced with ye in print often causes some confusion to both Russians and non-Russians, as it makes Russian words and names harder to transcribe accurately. One recurring problem is with Russian surnames, as both -ев (-ev) and -ёв (-yov) are common endings. Thus the English-speaking world knows two leaders of the former Soviet Union as Khrushchev and Gorbachev though their surnames end in Russian with -ёв, better transcribed -yov. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician Some words and names have also changed in Russian because of the confusion — some have had their ‘ё’ replaced with ‘е’, and some ‘е’ replaced with ‘ё’. The only time that a ё can be used in foreign words is in German as well as Hungarian words and names that use the umlaut ö/ő, such as Gerhard Schröder, whose last name is transliterated as Шpёдep (-ьo in Bulgarian). Schröder is a German Surname which has been held by many notable people including Ernst Schröder, German logician and mathematician Otherwise foreign names use йо, e. g. Нью Йорк "New York. "

In Belarusian and in Rusyn it is incorrect to replace "ё" with "е".

See also

• E (Cyrillic)
• O (Cyrillic)
• Epsilon (letter)
• E
• Ë
• Reforms of Russian orthography

References

External links

• Kevin O'Flynn. Town To Honor Forgotten Letter. The St. Petersburg Times.

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