Yerevan Երեվան
Flag Seal
Yerevan Երեվան Location of Yerevan in Armenia
Coordinates: 40°10′11.99″N 44°31′12″E / 40.1699972, 44.52
Country	Armenia
Established	782 BC
Government
- Mayor	Yervand Zakharyan
Area
- Total	227 km² (87. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Yervand Zakharyan ( Armenian: hy Երվանդ Զախարյան born May 14, 1946) is an Armenian politician and the current mayor of the Armenian Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 6 sq mi)
Elevation	989. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. 4 m (3,246 ft)
Population (2007)[1]
- Total	1,107,800
- Density	5,196. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/km² (13,458. 6/sq mi)
Time zone	GMT+4 (UTC+4)
- Summer (DST)	GMT+5 (UTC+5)
Website: www.yerevan.am

Yerevan (pronounced /ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn/, Armenian: Երևան or Երեւան), sometimes written as Erevan, former names include Erebuni, Revan, and Erivan - is the capital and largest city of Armenia. Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London UTC+4 time zone is used as Moscow Summer Time Iraq Summer Time Azerbaijan Time Single zone countries Daylight saving time ( DST Greenwich Mean Time ( GMT) is a term originally referring to mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London UTC+5 is the Timezone for Pakistan Standard Time West Asia Standard Time. The Armenian language (hy հայերեն լեզու hajɛɹɛn lɛzu —, conventional short form) is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani It is situated on the Hrazdan River, and is the administrative, cultural, and industrial center of the country. The Hrazdan ( Armenian: hy Հրազդան is a major river of Armenia. It has been the capital of Armenia since 1918 and the twelfth in the history of Armenia. Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common see History of Armenia (Moses of Chorene for the historiographical work

The history of Yerevan dates back to the 8th century BC, with the founding of the Urartian fortress of Erebuni in 782 BC at the western extremity of the Ararat plain. Urartian (also called Vannic, in older literature also "Chaldean" is the conventional name for the language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom Erebuni may refer to Erebuni Fortress, an ancient Urartian fortress Yerevan, capital of Armenia Erebuni Armenia Events and trends 783 BC — Shalmaneser IV succeeds his father Adad-nirari III as king of Assyria. The Ararat plain, one of the largest of the Armenian Plateau, stretches west of the Sevan basin at the foothills of the Gegham mountains ^[2] After World War I, Yerevan became the capital of the Democratic Republic of Armenia as thousands of survivors of the Armenian Genocide settled in the area. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun The city expanded rapidly during the 20th century when Armenia became one of the fifteen republics in the Soviet Union. The Republics of the Soviet Union were according to the Article 76 of the 1977 Soviet Constitution, Sovereign Soviet Socialist states that had united with other The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 In fifty years, Yerevan was transformed from a town of a few thousand residents during the first republic to the principal cultural, artistic and industrial center as well as becoming the seat of the political institutions of the country.

With the growth of the economy of the country, Yerevan has been undergoing a major transformation as construction sites have appeared all over the city since the early 2000s. Armenia is the second most densely populated of the former Soviet republics. Today, the appearance of new buildings, roads, restaurants, boutiques, quarters etc. have started to erase the traces of 70 years of Soviet dominance.

In 2007, the population of Yerevan was estimated to be 1,107,800 people with the agglomeration around the city regrouping 1,245,700 people (official estimation^[3]), more than 42% of the population of Armenia. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. In the study of human settlements an agglomeration is an extended City or Town area comprising the built-up area of a central place ( usually a Municipality

Etymology and symbols

According to Armenian tradition, the name of Yerevan is derived from an expression exclaimed by Noah in Armenian while looking in the direction of Yerevan, after the ark had landed on Mount Ararat and after the flood waters had receded: "Yerevants!" ("it appeared!"). Noah (or Noe, Noach;; Nūḥ; Arabic: نوح; "Rest") was according to the Bible, the tenth and last of Noah's Ark, according to the Book of Genesis (chapters 6-9 is the story of a large vessel built at God 's command to save Noah, his family Mount Ararat (see section Names for other names is the tallest peak in Turkey. ^[4] The more plausible theory on the origin of the name is that the city was named after the Armenian king, Yervand the Third (the Last), the last leader of the Orontid Dynasty and founder of the city of Yervandashat. The Orontid Dynasty (in Armenian: Երվանդունիների հարստություն was the first known Armenian dynasty Yervandashat (Երվանդաշատ also Romanized as Ervandashat; formerly Kherbeklu and Kheyli-Begli) is a town in the Armavir Province ^[4]

An Urartian military fortress called Erebuni (Էրեբունի), founded on the territory of modern-day Yerevan in the 8th century BC, had its name in time transformed into Yerevan; Margarit Israelyan noted these changes when comparing the inscriptions found on two cuneiform tablets:

The transcription of the second cuneiform bu [original emphasis] of the word was very essential in our interpretation as it is the Urartaean b that has been shifted to the Armenian v (b > v). Urartian (also called Vannic, in older literature also "Chaldean" is the conventional name for the language spoken by the inhabitants of the ancient kingdom Erebuni may refer to Erebuni Fortress, an ancient Urartian fortress Yerevan, capital of Armenia Erebuni Armenia The original writing of the inscription read «er-bu-ni»; therefore the prominent Armenianologist-orientalist Prof. Oriental studies is the academic field of study that embraces Near Eastern and Far Eastern societies and cultures languages peoples history and archaeology in recent G. A. Ghapantsian justly objected, remarking that the Urartu b changed to v at the beginning of the word (Biani > Van) or between two vowels (ebani > avan, Zabaha > Javakhk). Javakheti (Javakhk (ჯავახეთი Javakheti; Ջավախք Javakhk is a historical region of Georgia in the southeastern part of the country's Samtskhe-Javakheti . . . In other words b was placed between two vowels. The true pronunciation of the fortress-city was apparently Erebuny. ^[5]

The principal symbol of Yerevan is Mount Ararat which is visible from any area in the capital. The seal of the city is symbolized by a crowned lion on a pedestal with the inscription "Yerevan" with the head turned back and holding a scepter with the right front leg, which is the attribute of power and royalty. The lion ( Panthera leo) is a member of the family Felidae and one of four Big cats in the Genus Panthera. A sceptre or scepter is a symbolic ornamental staff held by a ruling Monarch, a prominent item of royal Regalia. The symbol of eternity is on the breast of the lion with a picture of the Ararat in its upper part. The emblem has a form of a rectangular shield with the blue border line. A shield is a protective device meant to intercept attacks The term often refers to a device that is held in the hand as opposed to Armour or a Bullet proof vest ^[6]

Since September 27, 2004, Yerevan has adopted a hymn, Erebuni-Yerevan, written by Paruyr Sevak and composed by Edgar Hovhanissian. Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " A hymn is a type of Song, usually religious specifically written for the purpose of praise adoration or Prayer, and typically addressed to a deity/deities For the town in Armenia see Paruyr Sevak Armenia. Paruyr Rafaeli Ghazaryan (better known as Paruyr Sevak; in Armenian It was selected in a competition for a new hymn and flag that would best represent the city. The chosen flag has a white background with the seal in the middle surrounded by twelve small red triangles that symbolize the twelve historic capitals of Armenia. The flag shows the three colours of the Armenian National flag on itself. The national flag of Armenia, the Armenian Tricolour (known in Armenian as եռագույն Erraguyn) consists of three horizontal bands of equal width The lion is on the orange background with blue edging. ^[7]

History

Early history

The remains of the Erebuni Fortress, which was built by king Argišti in 782 BC. Erebuni Fortress is an Urartian castle in Yerevan, Armenia. It was built by king Argišti in 782 BC as a military base Argishtis I ( Urartian: Argištiše, Արգիշտի Argishti was the sixth known king of the ancient country of Urartu (in eastern Anatolia

Cuneiform script in Yerevan.

The territory of Yerevan was settled in the fourth millennium BC, fortified settlements from the Bronze Age include Shengavit, Tsitsernakaberd, Karmir Blur, Arin Berd, Karmir Berd and Berdadzor. The 4th millennium BC saw major changes in human culture It marks the beginning of the Bronze Age and of Writing. The term Bronze Age refers to a period in human cultural development when the most advanced Metalworking (at least in systematic and widespread use included techniques for Tsitsernakaberd (Ծիծեռնակաբերդ Russian: Цицернакабéрд is a memorial dedicated to the victims of the Armenian Genocide located on a hill Archaeological evidence, such as a cuneiform inscription^[8], indicates that an Urartian military fortress called Erebuni (Էրեբունի) was founded in 782 BC by the orders of King Argishti I at the site of current-day Yerevan, to serve as a fort and citadel guarding against attacks from the north Caucasus. Urartu ( Assyrian: Urarṭu Urartian: Biainili Ուրարտու was an Iron Age kingdom in Eastern Anatolia ( Transcaucasia) rising Argishtis I ( Urartian: Argištiše, Արգիշտի Argishti was the sixth known king of the ancient country of Urartu (in eastern Anatolia The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East ^[4] Yerevan is thus one of the most ancient cities in the world.

Between the sixth and fourth centuries BC, Yerevan was one of the main centers of the Armenian satrapy of the Achaemenid Empire. See also the related deity Satrapes. Satrap (Persian ساتراپ was the name given to the governors of the Provinces of ancient The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenid Persian Empire ( haχɒmaneʃijɒn (558–330 BC was the first of the Persian Empires to rule over significant portions of During the height of Urartian power, irrigation canals and an artificial reservoir were built on Yerevan's territory. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops In 585 BC, the fortress of Teishebaini (Karmir Blur), thirty miles to the north of Yerevan, was destroyed by an alliance of Medes and the Scythians. Teishebaini (modern Karmir-Blur, Armenia) was the capital of the Urartian Transcaucasian provinces The Medes were an ancient Iranian people who lived in the northwestern portions of present-day Iran. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic

Due to the absence of historical data, the timespan between fourth century BC and third century AD is known as the "Yerevan Dark Ages. " The first church in Yerevan, the church of St. Peter and Paul, was built in the fifth century (it was demolished in 1931 and a cinema built on its site).

Foreign (Persian and Ottoman) rule

An illustration of Yerevan by the French traveler Jean Chardin in 1673. Jean Chardin, born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, also known as Sir John Chardin, ( November 16, 1643 &ndash January 5, 1713

In 658 AD, Yerevan was conquered, during the height of Arab invasions. Since then the site has been strategically important as a crossroads for the caravan routes passing between Europe and India. A camel train is a series of Camels carrying goods or passengers in a group as part of a regular or semi-regular service between two points India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country It has been known as "Yerevan" since at least the seventh century AD. Between the ninth and eleventh centuries, Yerevan was a secure part of the Armenian Bagratuni Kingdom, before being overrun by Seljuks. The Bagratuni or Bagratid royal dynasty of Armenia (Բագրատունյաց Արքայական Տոհմ or Bagratunyac Arqayakan Tohm) is a royal family The Great Seljuq Empire was a Medieval Sunni Muslim empire established by the Qynyq branch of Oghuz Turks that once controlled The city was seized and pillaged by Tamerlane in 1387 and subsequently became an administrative center of the Ilkhanate. Timur also written Emir Timur or Amir Temur ( Chagatai: تیمور - Tēmōr " Iron " (1336 – 19 February 1405 among The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate or Il Khanate (Ил Хан улс Il Khan uls;) was a Mongol Khanate established in Due to its strategic significance, Yerevan was constantly fought over and passed back and forth between the dominion of Persia and the Ottomans. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish

At the height of the Turkish-Persian wars, the city changed hands fourteen times between 1513 and 1737. In 1604, under the order of Shah Abbas I, tens of thousands of Armenians (including citizens of Yerevan) were deported to Persia. Shāh ‘Abbās I or Shāh ‘Abbās the Great ( (born January 27, 1571; died January 19, 1629) was Shah of Iran and the most eminent As a consequence, Erivan khanate population became 80 percent Muslim (Persians, Turco-Mongols, Kurds) and 20 percent Armenian. The Erivan ( Yerevan) Khanate (ایروان was a Muslim controlled principality under the dominion of the Persian Empire between 1747 and 1828 Muslims were either sedentary, semi-sedentary, or nomadic. Armenians lived in Erevan or the villages. The Armenians dominated the various professions and trade in the area and were of great economic significance to the Persian administration. ^[9] The Ottomans, Safavids and Ilkhanids all maintained a mint in Yerevan. A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. During the 1670s, the Frenchman Jean Chardin visited Yerevan and gave a description of the city in his Travels of Cavalier Chardin in Transcaucasia in 1672-1673. Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Jean Chardin, born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, also known as Sir John Chardin, ( November 16, 1643 &ndash January 5, 1713 On June 7, 1679, a devastating earthquake razed the city to the ground. During the Safavid Dynasty rule, Yerevan and adjacent territories were part of the Chukhursaad (Irevan) Beglerbekate. The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz " Beylerbeyi " redirects here Beylerbey (from Beylerbeyi, Ottoman Turkish for " Bey of Beys" meaning "Commander Starting from 1747, it was part of the Erivan khanate, a Muslim principality under the dominion of the Persian Empire. The Erivan ( Yerevan) Khanate (ایروان was a Muslim controlled principality under the dominion of the Persian Empire between 1747 and 1828 A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia This lasted until 1828 when the region was incorporated into Russian Empire.

The coat of arms of the Erivan Governorate. Erivan Governorate ( Old Russian: Эриванская губернія) was one of the Guberniyas ' of the Russian Empire, with its centre

Foreign (Russian) rule

During the second Russian-Persian war, Yerevan was captured ^[4][10][11] by Russian troops under general Ivan Paskevich on 1 October, 1827. The Russo-Persian War of 1826-1828 was the last major military conflict between the Russian Empire and the Persian Empire. Ivan Fyodorovich Paskevich (Иван Фёдорович Паскевич ( &ndash) was a Ukrainian -born military leader in the Russian service Year 1827 ( MDCCCXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common It was formally ceded by the Persians in 1828, following the Treaty of Turkmenchay. The Treaty of Turkmenchay (Туркманчайский договор Persian: عهدنامه ترکمنچای was a treaty negotiated in Turkmenchay by which Tsarist Russia sponsored Armenian resettlement from Persia and Turkey; by the turn of the twentieth century, Yerevan's population was over 29,000, of which 49% were Muslim (mostly Azerbaijanis), 48% Christian Armenian and 2% Russian. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran. ^[12] It served as the seat of the newly-formed Armenian Oblast and subsequently the Erivan Governorate. The Armenian Oblast ( Armenian: Հայաստանի ոբլաստ Russian: Армянская область was an Oblast (province of the Russian Erivan Governorate ( Old Russian: Эриванская губернія) was one of the Guberniyas ' of the Russian Empire, with its centre

The city began to grow economically and politically, with old buildings torn down and new buildings in European style erected in their place. In 1829, Armenian repatriates from Persia were resettled in the city and a new quarter was built. By the time of Nicholas I's visit in 1837, Yerevan had become a uyezd. Uyezd or uezd (уе́зд uˈjɛst was an admistrative subdivision of Rus', Muscovy, and Russian Empire used from the 13th century originally

The first general plan of the city was made in 1854, during which time the women's colleges of St. Hripsime and St. Gayane were opened and the English Garden built. In 1874, Zacharia Gevorkian opened Yerevan's first printing house and in 1879 the first theatre, sited near the church of St. Peter and Paul, was established. Two years into the twentieth century, a railway line linked Yerevan with Alexandropol, Tiflis and Julfa, the same year Yerevan's first public library opened. Gyumri ( Armenian: Գյումրի is the capital and largest city of the Shirak Province in northwest Armenia. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Julfa ( Azerbaijani: Culfa; Armenian: Ջուղա, sometimes transliterated as Jugha; also rendered as Djulfa, Dzhul’fa In 1913, a telephone line with eighty subscribers became operational.

Brief independence (1917–1920)

At the start of the 20th century, Yerevan was a small town with a population of 30,000. ^[13] In 1917, the Russian Empire ended with the October Revolution. The October Revolution (Октябрьская революция Oktyabrskaya revolyutsiya) also known as the Soviet Revolution In the aftermath, Armenian, Georgian and Muslim leaders of Transcaucasia united to form the Transcaucasian Federation and proclaimed Transcaucasia's secession. The South Caucasus is a mountainous geopolitical area of south-central Eurasia, also referred to as Transcaucasia, or The Transcaucasus. The Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (TDFR Закавказская демократическая Федеративная Республика (ЗКДФР Zakavkazskaya Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity

The Federation, however, was short-lived and on May 28, 1918, Yerevan became the capital of the newly-independent Democratic Republic of Armenia and therefore became the center of independent Armenia. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1918 ( MCMXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Democratic Republic of Armenia ( DRA; Armenian: Դեմոկրատական Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Demokratakan Hayastani Hanrapetutyun On November 29, 1920, the Bolshevik 11th Red Army occupied Yerevan during the Russian Civil War. Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Although nationalist forces managed to retake the city in February 1921, the city once again fell to Soviet forces on April 2, 1921. Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of

Soviet Yerevan

Yerevan's opera house was built between 1926 to 1953, as part of architect Alexander Tamanian's plans to redesign the city. Alexander Tamanian (Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան Таманян Александр Оганесович March 4, 1878, Yekaterinodar - February

Yerevan became the capital of the newly formed Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union. The Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic (Հայկական ՍովետականՍոցիալիստական Հանրապետություն Haykakan Sovetakan Sotsialistakan Hanrapetutyun The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The Soviet era transformed the city into a modern industrial metropolis of over a million people, developed according to the prominent Armenian architect Alexander Tamanian's designs. Alexander Tamanian (Ալեքսանդր Թամանյան Таманян Александр Оганесович March 4, 1878, Yekaterinodar - February Yerevan also became a significant scientific and cultural center.

Tamanian incorporated national traditions with contemporary urban construction. His design presented a radial-circular arrangement that overlaid the existing city. As a result, many historic buildings were demolished, including churches, mosques, the Persian fortress, baths, bazaars and caravanserais. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia A caravanserai ( kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside Inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey Many of the surrounding districts around Yerevan were named after former Armenian communities that were decimated by the Ottoman Turks during the Armenian Genocide. The Ottoman Turks were the subdivision of the Ottoman Muslim Millet that dominated the ruling class of the Ottoman Empire. The districts of Arabkir, Malatya-Sebastia and Nork Marash, for example, were named after the towns Arabkir, Malatya, Sebastia, and Marash, respectively. Arapgir (also Arabkir or Arabgir, Armenian: hy Արաբկիր known as Arabraces during Byzantine rule is the name of a town and Malatya ( Hittite: Melid; Greek: Μαλάτεια Malateia; Armenian: Մալաթիա Malatia; Kurdish: Kahramanmaraş is the capital city of Kahramanmaraş Province in southeastern Turkey. Following the end of the Second World War, German POWs were used to help in the construction of new buildings and structures, such as the Kievyan Bridge. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as

In 1965, during the commemoration of the fiftieth anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, Yerevan was the center of a 24-hour mass anti-Soviet protest, the first such demonstration in the Soviet Union, to demand recognition of the Genocide by the Soviet authorities. The 1965 Yerevan demonstrations were a 24 hour mass Protest in Yerevan, Armenian SSR on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the Armenian genocide ^[14] In 1968, the city's 2,750th anniversary was commemorated.

Catholicos Karekin II and Archbishop Rowan Williams at the Armenian Genocide memorial in Yerevan. The Catholicos of All Armenians (plural Catholicoi, due to its Greek origin is the Chief Bishop of Armenia 's national church the Armenian Catholicos Karekin II (Գարեգին Բ is the current head of the Holy Armenian Apostolic Church. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Rowan Douglas Williams, PC, DD, DCL, FBA, (born 14 June 1950 in Swansea, Wales) is an Anglican

Yerevan played a key role in the Armenian national democratic movement that emerged during the Gorbachev era of the 1980s. Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev ( Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachyov;; born 2 March 1931 in Privolnoye Stavropol Krai) is a Russian politician The reforms of Glasnost and Perestroika opened questions on issues such as the status of Nagorno-Karabakh, the environment, Russification, corruption, democracy, and eventually independence. (Гла́сность)is literally defined as publicity and sometimes figuratively interpreted as "tipping a vase to let someone see into the vase but not the bottom of the vase" (Перестройка) is the Russian term (now used in English for the economic reforms introduced in June 1987 by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev For the republic see Nagorno-Karabakh Republic Nagorno-Karabakh is a Region in the South Caucasus. Russification (in Russian: русификация rusifikátsiya)is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily At the beginning of 1988, nearly one million Yerevantsis engaged in demonstrations concerning these subjects, centered on Theater Square. ^[15]

Post-USSR independence

Following the end of the Soviet Union, Yerevan became the capital of the Republic of Armenia on September 21, 1991. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Maintaining supplies of gas and electricity proved difficult; constant electricity was not restored until 1996. Also in the last five years, central Yerevan has been transformed into a vast construction site, with cranes seemingly outnumbering trees. Officially, the scores of multi-storied buildings are part of large-scale urban planning projects. Roughly $1. 8 billion was spent on such construction in 2006, according to the national statistical service. Prices for downtown apartments have increased by about ten times over the last decade, realtors say. However, some experts have voiced their opinions, and have asserted that many of the new edifices violate urban planning and earthquake safety requirements.

Political demonstrations still occur in Yerevan, usually as a result of disputed election results. Recently, unrest in the capital between the authorities and opposition demonstrators led by ex-President Levon Ter-Petrossian occurred after the 2008 Armenian presidential election. The 2008 Armenian presidential election protests were a series of mass protests held in Armenia in the wake of the Armenian presidential election of February Levon Ter-Petrossian ( Armenian: Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան Russian: Левон Тер-Петросян (born January 9 1945) A presidential election was held in Armenia on 19 February 2008. The events resulted in ten deaths^[16] and a subsequent 20-day state of emergency declared by President Robert Kocharian. A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors or order government agencies Robert Sedraki Kocharyan (ɾobɛɹtʼ sɛdɹɑk’i kʰotʃʰɑɹjɑn Ռոբերտ Սեդրակի Քոչարյան (born August 31, 1954) was the President ^[17]

Geography

Yerevan from space.

Topography and Location

• Altitude: average 990 m - minimum 865 m - maximum 1,390 m. ^[18]
• Location: to the edge of the Hrazdan river, north-east of the Ararat plain. Hrazdan (Հրազդան, also Romanized as Razdan; formerly Akhta, Akhti, Akhtala, Nizhniye Akhty, Nizhne Akhti The Ararat plain, one of the largest of the Armenian Plateau, stretches west of the Sevan basin at the foothills of the Gegham mountains

Yerevan is located in Eastern Armenia to the center-west of the country in the north-eastern extremity of the Ararat Valley. Eastern Armenia was the portion of Ottoman Armenia and Persian Armenia that was ceded to the Russian Empire following the Russo-Turkish Mount Ararat (see section Names for other names is the tallest peak in Turkey. The upper part of the city is surrounded by mountains on three sides while to the south it descends to the banks of the river Hrazdan, a tributary of the river Arax. The Hrazdan ( Armenian: hy Հրազդան is a major river of Armenia. The Hrazdan divides Yerevan in two within a picturesque canyon. The city's elevation ranges between 900 to 1,300 m (3,000 to 4,300 ft) above sea level. Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface

As the capital of Armenia, Yerevan is not part of any marz ("province"). Administrative divisions The following is a list of the provinces with population area and density information Instead, it borders the following marzer: Kotayk (north), Ararat (south), Armavir (southwest) and Aragatsotn (northwest).

Climate

The climate of Yerevan is relatively continental, with dry, hot summers and cold and short winters. This is attributed to the fact that Yerevan is located on a plain surrounded by mountains and to its distance to the sea and its effects. The summers are usually very hot with the temperature in August reaching up to 40 °C (104 °F), while winters generally carry snowfall and freezing temperates with January being often as cold as -15 °C (5 °F). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The amount of precipitation is small, amounting annually to about 350 mm (14 in). The Millimetre ( American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to Inches redirects here To see the Les Savy Fav album see Inches. The city has an annual period of sunshine of approximately 2,700 hours. ^[18]

Government and politics

Capital

Yerevan has been the capital of Armenia since the independence of the First Republic in 1918. Situated in the Ararat plain, the historic lands of Armenia, it served as the best logical choice for capital of the young republic at the time.

When Armenia became a republic of the Soviet Union, Yerevan remained as capital and accommodated all the political institution of the republic. In 1991 with the independence of the Third Armenian republic, Yerevan remained the political center of the country and became the location of all the national institution: the Azgayin Zhoghov, ministries, the presidential palace, public organisms and judicial institutions. The Azgayin Zhoghov of Armenia (Ազգային Ժողով English: National Assembly) is the official name of the Legislative branch

Municipalities

See also: List of mayors of Yerevan

The Armenian Constitution, adopted on July 5, 1995, granted Yerevan the status of a marz (region). This is a list of mayors of Yerevan, Armenia in chronological order Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 ^[19] Therefore, Yerevan functions similarly to the other regions of the country with a few specificities. ^[20]

Police vehicles in Yerevan.

The administrative authority of Yerevan is thus represented by:

• the mayor, appointed by the President (who can remove him at any moment) upon the recommendation of the Prime Minister,^[21] alongside a group of four deputy mayors heading eleven ministries (of which financial, transport, urban development etc. )^[22],
• the Yerevan Council, regrouping the Chiefs of neighborhood communities under the authority of the mayor^[23],
• twelve neighborhood communities (or twelve districts), with each having its own chief and their elected councils. ^[24] Yerevan has a principal city hall and twelve deputy mayors of districts.

The last modification to the Constitution on November 27, 2005 turned the city into a "community"; since, the Constitution declares that this community has to be led by a mayor, elected directly or indirectly, and that the city needs to be governed by a specific law. ^[25] This law is currently in preparation in the Armenian parliament that adopted its first draft in December 2007 and should do the same in the second draft in spring of 2008. ^[26] The project on the law envisions an indirect election of the mayor. ^[27]

Artashes Geghamyan was the last mayor of the Armenian SSR and Hambartsoum Galstyan, the first mayor of the Third Republic. Artashes Geghamyan (Արտաշես Գեղամյան born December 2 1949) is an Armenian Politician. Since 1991, there have been eight mayors of Yerevan. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. The current mayor is Yervand Zakharyan. Yervand Zakharyan ( Armenian: hy Երվանդ Զախարյան born May 14, 1946) is an Armenian politician and the current mayor of the Armenian ^[28] In addition to the national police and road police, Yerevan has its own municipal police. All three bodies maintain law in the city by cooperating.

Districts

Yerevan is divided into twelve districts (Համայնք)^[29], each with an elected community leader. Districts are a type of Administrative division, in some countries managed by a Local government. Each district is divided into neighborhoods (Թաղամաս). A district can have up to seven neighborhoods.

The twelve districts of Yerevan

Culture

Museums and Libraries

National Gallery of Armenia

Yerevan's principal museum is the National Gallery of Armenia that was constructed in 1921. The National Gallery of Armenia (Հայաստանի Ազգային Պատկերասրահ is the National gallery of Armenia, located on the Republic Square It is integrated to the Armenia's History Museum. In addition to having a permanent exposition of works of painters such as Aivazovsky, Kandinsky, Chagall, Theodore Rousseau, Monticelli or Eugene Boudin^[30], it usually hosts temporary expositions such as Yann Arthus-Bertrand in 2005 or the one organized on the occasion of the Year of Armenia in France in October 2006. Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Иван Константинович Айвазовский Հովհաննես Այվազովսկի - Hovhannes Aivazovsky July 29, Wassily Kandinsky (Russian Василий Кандинский first name pronounced as) ( – 13 December 1944 was a Russian painter, Printmaker Marc Chagall (מאַרק שאַגאַל&lrm Belarusian: Мойша Захаравіч Шагалаў Mojša Zaharavič Šagałaŭ; Russian: Марк Pierre Étienne Théodore Rousseau ( April 15, 1812 - December 22, 1867) French painter of the Barbizon school Adolphe Joseph Thomas Monticelli ( October 14 1824 – June 29 1886) was a French painter of the generation preceding the Eugène Boudin ( July 12, 1824 &ndash August 8, 1898) was one of the first French Landscape painters to paint outdoors Yann Arthus-Bertrand (born March 13 1946 is a renowned and internationally recognised French photographer ^[31]

The Armenian Genocide museum is found at the foot of Tsitsernakapert and features numerous eyewitness accounts, texts and photographs from the time. The Matenadaran is a library-museum regrouping 17 000 ancient manuscripts and several bibles from the Middle Ages. The Matenadaran or Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan Armenia, is one of the richest depositories of Manuscripts and Its archives hold a rich collection of valuable ancient Armenian, Greek, Assyrian, Hebrew, Roman and Persian manuscripts. The term ancient Greece refers to the period of Greek history lasting from the Greek Dark Ages ca The Aramaeans (also Arameans) ( Aramaic / Syriac: ܐܪܡܝܐ, Ārāmāye' were a Semitic (West Semitic language group Hebrews (or Hebertes, Eberites, Hebreians, " Habiru " or " Habiri " Hebrew: עברים Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia It is located in the center of the city on Mesrop Mashdots avenue.

Next to the Hrazdan river, the Parajanov museum that was completely renovated in 2002, has 250 works, documents and photos^[32] of the Armenian filmmaker and painter. Sergei Parajanov (Սարգիս Հովսեփի Փարաջանյան Sargis Hovsepi Parajanyan; Georgian: სერგეი (სერგო Yerevan has several other museums like the museum of the Middle-East and the Museum of Yerevan. ^[33]

Cinemas, Theatres, Opera and Concert Halls

The Opera House illuminated at night.

The city of Yerevan possesses several cinema halls among them the famous Moskva cinema. Most of the world's hit movies are available to watch at the same time of their release elsewhere. Some of the movies that are shown in the cinemas are Russian.

Since 2004, Moskva hosts each year the Golden Apricot international fim festival. The last edition of the festival presided by Atom Egoyan was held from July 9 to July 14 2007 with the Golden Apricot going to the film Import/Export from Austrian filmmaker Ulrich Seidl. Atom Egoyan OC (Ատոմ Էգոյան (born July 19, 1960) is a critically acclaimed Canadian - Armenian film maker Events 455 - Roman military commander Avitus is proclaimed Emperor of the Western Roman Empire. Events 1223 - Louis VIII becomes King of France upon the death of his father Philip II of France. Ulrich Seidl (born November 24 1952 in Vienna) is an Austrian Film director, writer and producer ^[34]

The Opera Theatre of Yerevan hosts the Aram Khatchaturian concert hall, the national theatre of opera and the Alexander Spendiarian ballet. The numerous theatres have permitted attendance to a multitude of various pieces and the some spectacle rooms, of which the big one Hamalir, offer sometimes some concerts even if the temperate Armenian summers allows the organization of the bulk of the concerts to be held outside.

Amusement Parks and Zoo

Waterworld

The Yerevan Zoo was founded in 1940. After a period of difficulty during the 1990s, the zoo is in better economic shape today. The zoo hosts elephants, eagles, bears, camels and 260 other animal species. Elephants ( family: Elephantidae) are large land Mammals of the order Proboscidea. Camels are Even-toed ungulates within the Genus Camelus. The Dromedary, one-humped or Arabian camel has a single hump and the ^[35]

Waterworld is a water park in Yerevan. Waterworld is a 1995 post-apocalyptic science fiction film The film stars Kevin Costner who also produced it ^[36] It has several pools, toboggans, bars and restaurants. The park used to close from October to May but construction of an indoors section called Aquatek has permitted the water park to be open all year. The indoors section has jacuzzis, pools, hammams, fitness rooms, restaurants and a hotel. ^[37]

On the road to Lake Sevan, there is an amusement parc called Play City that has a bowling arena, a cinema, paint-ball, karting and video-game rooms. Lake Sevan (Սևանա լիճ is the largest lake in Armenia and one of the largest high-altitude lakes in the world ^[38]

Tourism

Tourism in Armenia has been developping every year and the capital city of Yerevan is one of the major tourist destinations. Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel The city has the majority of hotels, restaurants, bars and nightclubs in the country. Zvartnots airport has also conducted renovation projects with the growing number of tourists visiting the country. Two major tourist attractions are the Opera House, the ruins of an Urartu fortress and a Roman fortress. Urartu ( Assyrian: Urarṭu Urartian: Biainili Ուրարտու was an Iron Age kingdom in Eastern Anatolia ( Transcaucasia) rising Ancient Rome was a Civilization that grew out of a small agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 10th century BC The Armenia Marriott Hotel is situated in the heart of the city at Republic Square (also known as Hraparak).

Transportation

Air

Main articles: Zvartnots International Airport and Erebuni Airport

Zvartnots Internation Airport's new terminal. Zvartnots International Airport (Զվարթնոց Միջազգային Օդանավակայան is located near Zvartnots, about 10 km west of Yerevan, the Erebuni Airport is a joint Civil and Military airport serving Yerevan and the country of Armenia.

Yerevan is served by the Zvartnots International Airport, located 12 km west of the city center. Zvartnots International Airport (Զվարթնոց Միջազգային Օդանավակայան is located near Zvartnots, about 10 km west of Yerevan, the It is the primary airport of the country and the hub of Armavia. Armavia (Արմավիա is an Airline based in Yerevan, Armenia. Inaugurated in 1961 during the Soviet era, Zvartnots airport was renovated for the first time in 1985 and a second time in 2002 in order to adapt to international norms. It went through a facelift starting in 2004 with the construction of a new terminal. The first phase of the construction ended in September 2006 with the opening of the arrivals zone. A second section designated for departures was inaugurated in May 2007. ^[39] The entire project cost more than $100 million USD.

The airport has flights to dozens of countries which include France, Russia, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria, Netherlands, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Israel, Lebanon, Turkey etc. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches ^[40]

A second airport, Erebuni Airport, is located just south of the city. Erebuni Airport is a joint Civil and Military airport serving Yerevan and the country of Armenia. Since independence of the country in 1991, the airport is mainly used by the military or for private flights. The Armenian Air Force has equally installed its base there and there are several MiG-29s stationed on Erebuni's tarmac. The Armenian Air Force (Հայաստանի Ռազմաօդային Ուժեր is a small air arm formed by independent Armenia in 1992 in the wake of the dissolution of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout

Bus and Tramway

Yerevan has 46 bus lines^[41] and 24 trolleybus lines. ^[42] The trolleybuses have been operating in the streets of Yerevan since 1949. Old Soviet-era buses are slowly being replaced by new buses. Outside the bus lines that cover the city, some buses at the start of the central road train station located in the Nor Kilikia neighborhood serve practically all the cities of Armenia as well as of others abroad, notably Tbilisi in Georgia or Tabriz in Iran. Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Tabriz ( تبریز, تبریز) is the largest city in northwestern Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics.

The tramway network that operated in Yerevan since 1906 was decommissioned in January 2004. Year 1906 ( MCMVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Its use had a cost 2. 4 times higher than the generated profits which pushed the municipality to shutdown the network^[43], despite a last ditch effort to save it towards the end of 2003. Since the closure, the rails have been dismantled and sold.

Metro

Sasuntsi Davit metro station.

Main article: Yerevan Metro

The Yerevan Metro (Երեւանի մետրոպոլիտեն) is a rapid transit system that serves the capital city. The Yerevan Metro (Երեւանի մետրոպոլիտեն Yerevani metropoliten; since December 1999 Yerevan Metro after Karen Demirchyan, Կարեն Դեմիրճյանի The Yerevan Metro (Երեւանի մետրոպոլիտեն Yerevani metropoliten; since December 1999 Yerevan Metro after Karen Demirchyan, Կարեն Դեմիրճյանի A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway It has one 13. 4km (8. 37 miles) line and currently services 10 active stations. Its interior resembles that of western former Soviet nations with chandeliers hanging from the corridors. A chandelier is a branched decorative ceiling-mounted light fixture with two or more arms bearing lights The metro stations had most of their names changed after the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Independence of the Republic of Armenia.

A northeastern extension of the line with two new stations is currently being planned. The construction of the first station (Ajapnyak) and of the one kilometer tunnel linking it to the rest of the network will cost 18 million USD. ^[44] The time of the end of the project has not yet been defined. Another long term project is the construction of two new lines but these have been suspended due to a deficit in the bugdet balance.

Train

Yerevan has a single central train station (several train stations of suburbs have been not been used since 1990) that is connected to the metro via the Sasuntsi Davit station. The train station is made in Soviet-style architecture with its long point on the building roof, representing the symbols of communism: red star, hammer and sickle. The five-pointed red star, a Pentagram without the inner Pentagon, is a symbol of Communism as well as broader Socialism in general The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state Due to the Turkish and Azerbaijani blockades of Armenia, there are only about four regional trains per day and one international train that passes by once every two days with neighboring Georgia being its destination. For example, for a sum of 9 000 to 18 000 dram, it is possible to take the night train to the Georgian capital, Tbilisi. ^[45] This train the continues to its destination of Batumi, on the shores of the Black sea. Batumi (ბათუმი formerly Batum or Batoum) is a seaside city on the Black Sea coast and Capital of Adjara, an Autonomous The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey

The only railway that goes to Iran to the south passes by the closed border of Nakhichevan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası Նախիջևանի Ինքնավար Հանրապետություն Нахичеванская Автономная For this reason, there are no trains that go south from Yerevan. A construction project on a new railway line connecting Armenia and Iran directly is currently being studied.

Economy

The Northern Avenue

Republic Square

Industry

In 2001, Yerevan's share of national industrial production was approximately 50%. ^[46]. Yerevan's manufactures include chemicals, primary metals, machinery, rubber products, plastics, textiles, and processed food. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. Even though the economic crisis of the 90s ravaged the industry of the country, several factories remain always in service, notably in the petrochemical and the aluminium sectors. Not only is Yerevan the headquarters of major Armenian companies, but of international ones as well, as it's seen as an attractive outsourcing location for Western European, Russian and American multinationals. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Yerevan is also the country's financial hub, home to the Armenian National Bank, the Armenian Stock Exchange, as well as some of the country's largest commercial banks.

Yerevan's location on the shores of Hrazdan river has enabled the production of hydroelectricity. Two plants are established on the territory of the municipality. ^[47] There is also a thermal central station, situated to the city's south, that furnishes equally a little electricity.

Construction

The construction sector has experienced strong growth since 2000. ^[48] Recently, Yerevan has been undergoing an extensive and controversial redevelopment process in which Czarist and Soviet-period buildings have been demolished and replaced with new buildings. This urban renewal plan has been met with opposition^[49] and criticism from some residents. Coupled with the construction sector's growth has been the increase in real estate prices. ^[50] Downtown houses deemed too small are more and more demolished and replaced by high-rise buildings. Jermaine Jackson has planned to build an entertainment complex in a new 5-star hotel which is being built in the city. Jermaine LaJaune Jackson or Muhammad Abdul Aziz (born December 11, 1954) is an American Grammy Award -nominated Singer A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status

Monuments, movie theaters and other buildings

Main article: Monuments of Yerevan

Sister cities

Currently, Yerevan has twenty-six sister cities. ^[51][52]

City	Country	Year
Carrera	Italy	From 1965
Podgorica	Montenegro	From 1974
Antananarivo	Madagascar	From 1981
Cambridge, MA	United States	From 1987
Marseille	France	From 1992
Athens	Greece	From 1993
Lyon	France	From 1993
Stavropol	Russia	From 1994
Ispahan	Iran	From 1995
Kiev	Ukraine	From 1995
Moscow	Russia	From 1995
Odessa	Ukraine	From 1995
Florence	Italy	From 1996
Tbilisi	Georgia	From 1996
Beirut	Lebanon	From 1997
Damascus	Syria	From 1997
Saint-Petersburg	Russia	From 1997
Montreal	Canada	From 1998
Paris	France	From 1998
Volgograd	Russia	From 1998
Bratislava	Slovakia	From 2001
Minsk	Belarus	From 2002
São Paulo	Brazil	From 2002
Chisinau	Moldova	From 2005
Rostov-on-Don	Russia	From 2005
Los Angeles	United States	From 2007

Education

Yerevan State University

As the capital of Armenia, Yerevan has the biggest number of educational institutions in the country. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Podgorica ( Montenegrin / Serbian: Подгорица Podgorica ˈpɔdgɔˌriʦa is the Capital and largest city of Montenegro Montenegro ( British English) Montenegrin / Serbian: PLEASE DO NOT CHANGE THE LANGUAGES WITHOUT CONSENSUS ON THE TALK PAGE! Antananarivo (ˌtəˌnænəˈriːv or /ˌtəˌnɑːnəˈriːv/ is the Capital and largest city in Madagascar. Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic) is an Island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Marseille, ( English alt Marseilles mɑrˈseɪ — French: maʁsɛj locally — Provençal Occitan: Marselha maʀˈsijɔ This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία ||-||} Lyon, also known as Lyons in English is a city in east-central France. Stavropol (Ста́врополь is a city located in south-western Russia and is the administrative center of Stavropol Krai. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of ODESSA which stands for the German phrase O rganisation d er e hemaligen SS - A ngehörigen which in turn translates Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany Tbilisi (ˌtbiˈliːsi in Georgian: თბილისი is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Georgia, lying on the banks of the Mt'k'vari Georgia ( საქართველო, Sakartvelo) is a Transcontinental country in the Caucasus region situated at the dividing line between Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Damascus ( دمشق,, also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the capital and largest city of Syria. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city ARTICLE TEXT BEGINS AFTER THESE COMMENTS - PLEASE READ 1 Please do not edit the lead without reading Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Minsk (Мінск mʲinsk Минск mʲinsk is the Capital and largest city in Belarus, situated on the Svislach and Niamiha rivers Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east São Paulo ( is the largest city in Brazil, with its metropolitan area ranking among the largest urban areas in the world |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Chişinău (kiʃi'nəw (also known as Kishinev, Кишинёв Kishinyov) is the capital and largest city of Moldova. Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Rostov-on-Don (Росто́в-на-Дону́ Rostov-na-Donu rɐ'stof nə dɐ'nu is the city and the administrative center of Rostov Oblast and the Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Yerevan State University (YSU (Երեվանի Պետական Համալսարան is a University, located in Yerevan, Armenia. There are 27 colleges^[53] and twelve art schools^[54] that are administered by the Minister of Education of Armenia. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. Art movement Art school is a colloquial term for any educational institution (whether elementary secondary post-secondary/undergraduate or graduate/postgraduate with a primary focus

The biggest public and private universities of Armenia are located in Yerevan. They attract large numbers of foreign students, notably from India, because of competitive prices and education of health science in English. International students are Students usually in early adulthood who study in foreign Educational institutions While most universities have official India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Health science is the applied science dealing with Health, and it includes many sub disciplines English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States ^[55]

Universities

Universities in Yerevan include:

Sports

The most played and popular sport in Yerevan is football. The American University of Armenia (AUA is a private nonsectarian independent university founded in 1991 in Yerevan, Armenia. Eurasia International University (EIU is an Armenian university providing education to a variety of local and international students The State Engineering University of Armenia (SEUA (Հայաստանի Պետական Ճարտարագիտական Համալսարան is a technical University located Yerevan State University (YSU (Երեվանի Պետական Համալսարան is a University, located in Yerevan, Armenia. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Yerevan State Linguistic University after V Bryusov (YSLU ( Վալերի Բրյուսովի անվան Երեվանի պետական լեզվաբանական համալսարան Events 211 - Roman Emperor Septimius Severus dies leaving the Roman Empire in the hands of his two quarrelsome sons Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Yerevan State Medical University after Mkhitar Heratsi ( YSMU, Մխիթար Հերացու անվան Երեվանի Պետական Բժշկական Համալսարան Yerevan State Musical Conservatory (YSC or Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory, (Կոմիտասի անվան Երեվանի Պետական Երաժշտական Կոնսերվատորիա Yerevan State Pedagogical University (YSPU is institutional academy in Yerevan, Armenia. Russian-Armenian State University (RAU (also known as Russian-Armenian (Slavonic University) is located in Yerevan, Armenia in the Arabkir district Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Yerevan has seven active football clubs with five in the Armenian Premier League and two playing in the Armenian First League. A football team or a football club, in football (soccer is the collective name given to a number of players who play together in a Football game be it Association The Armenian First League is currently the second level football competition in Armenia after the Armenian Premier League. The city's (and also the country's) most prestigious club, FC Pyunik, is 78th in the world rankings. FC Pyunik (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Փյունիկ Երեւան is one of the most popular football clubs in Armenia. ^[56]

Hrazdan stadium in Yerevan

Yerevan has five major stadiums which are Nairi Stadium, Banants Stadium, Mika Stadium, Hanrapetakan Stadium and Hrazdan Stadium. Hrazdan Stadium ( Armenian: Հրազդան մարզադաշտ is a multi-use All-seater stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. FC Ararat Yerevan (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Արարատ Երեւան is an Armenian football club, based in Yerevan. Hrazdan Stadium ( Armenian: Հրազդան մարզադաշտ is a multi-use All-seater stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. FC Banants (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Բանանց Երևան is an Armenian Football (soccer team playing in the capital Yerevan. Banants Stadium is an all-seater football Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia, built in 2006. FC Kilikia (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Կիլիկիա Երեւան is an Armenian football club playing in Yerevan. Hrazdan Stadium ( Armenian: Հրազդան մարզադաշտ is a multi-use All-seater stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. FC Ulisses Yerevan (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Ուլիս Երեւան is an Armenian football club based in Yerevan. Hanrapetakan Stadium ( Armenian: Հանրապետական մարզադաշտ English: Republican Stadium) is an all-seater multi-use FC MIKA (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Միկա Երեւան is an Armenian football team playing in the capital Yerevan. Mika Stadium is an all-seater football Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia, built in 2007 FC Pyunik (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Փյունիկ Երեւան is one of the most popular football clubs in Armenia. Nairi Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the second home ground of Yerevan United Football Club or YUFC (Երևան Յունայթդ is an Armenian football club based in Yerevan. Hanrapetakan Stadium ( Armenian: Հանրապետական մարզադաշտ English: Republican Stadium) is an all-seater multi-use FC Dinamo Yerevan is an Armenian football club that is based in Yerevan and currently plays in the Armenian First League. Erebuni Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated as Homenmen-Fima SKIF Yerevan in the first ever Armenian football competition Kanaz Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated in the first ever Armenian football competition after the split-up from the Lernayin Artsakh is an Armenian football team which played in the Armenian Premier League 2005. Malatia Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated in the first ever Armenian football competition after the split-up from Nairit Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated in the first ever Armenian football competition after the split-up from the Van Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated in the first ever Armenian football competition after the split-up from the Yerazank Yerevan is an Armenian football club from Yerevan. The club participated as Shengavit Yerevan in the first ever Armenian football competition FC Yerevan (Ֆուտբոլային Ակումբ Երեւան was an Armenia football club based in Yerevan. Nairi Stadium is a multi-use Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the second home ground of Banants Stadium is an all-seater football Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia, built in 2006. Mika Stadium is an all-seater football Stadium in Yerevan, Armenia, built in 2007 Hanrapetakan Stadium ( Armenian: Հանրապետական մարզադաշտ English: Republican Stadium) is an all-seater multi-use Hrazdan Stadium ( Armenian: Հրազդան մարզադաշտ is a multi-use All-seater stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. Hrazdan is the main and biggest stadium which also houses a sports complex that is composed of boxing and karate training facilities and basket-ball and tennis courts. Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, ( or is a martial art developed in the Ryukyu Islands from indigenous fighting methods and Chinese Kenpō. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles)

Armenia has always excelled in chess with its players being very often among the highest ranked and decorated. The headquarters of the Armenian Chess Federation is located in the Kentron (central district) in Yerevan and there exists plenty of chess clubs in the city. In 1996, despite a severe economic crisis, Yerevan hosted the 32nd Chess Olympiad. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) The 32nd Chess Olympiad, organized by the Fédération Internationale des Échecs and comprising an open and women's tournament took place between September ^[57] In 2006, the four members from Yerevan of the Armenian chess team won the world championships in Turin. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The 37th Chess Olympiad, comprising an open and women's tournament and the General assembly of the Fédération Internationale des Échecs, took place The Yerevan-born leader of this team, Levon Aronian, is currently one of the world's top chess players and is number six on the April 2008 FIDE rankings. Levon Aronian (Լևոն Արոնյան born 6 October 1982) is an Armenian Chess player Fédération Internationale des Échecs or World Chess Federation is an international organization that connects the various national Chess federations around the

Notable people

Notable people who are from or have resided in Yerevan:

Gallery

Yerevan

Matenadaran archives	Mother Armenia	St. Gregory the Illuminator Cathedral	Hammer and sickle statue
Statue of David of Sasun	Water World entertainment park	The Baronian Musical Comedy Theater	Hrazdan Stadium
The Cascade	National Gallery, Republic Square, Yerevan	Fountains in front of the National Gallery, Republic Square, Yerevan	Tsitsernakaberd Armenian Genocide Memorial

Historical photographs of Yerevan under Imperial Russia

Yerevan in 1796

Yerevan's Russian Orthodox Church

Minaret of the Urban Mosque of Yerevan

The Gök-Jami ("Blue Mosque") in Yerevan. Khachatur Abovian ( –; Խաչատուր Աբովյան) was an Armenian writer and national public figure of the early 19th century who mysteriously vanished in 1848 Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian (Վիկտոր Համբարձումյան, Tbilisi &ndash August 12, 1996, Byurakan) was a Soviet Levon Aronian (Լևոն Արոնյան born 6 October 1982) is an Armenian Chess player Alexander Grigorevich Arutiunian, also known as Arutunian or Harutiunian (b Gokor Chivichyan (Գոքոր Չիվիչյան born 1963 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian-American Judo, Submission grappling, Armen Dzigarkhanyan (Արմեն Ջիգարխանյան Армен Джигарханян b Gevorg Emin (Գևորգ Էմին September 30 1918 &ndash June 11 1998) was an Armenian Poet, Essayist, and Djivan Gasparyan (Ջիվան Գասպարյան born 1928 in Solag, Armenia is an Armenian musician and composer Sirvard Barunaki "Silva" Kaputikyan (Սիլվա Կապուտիկյան in Armenian) ( 20 January 1919, Yerevan - 25 August Sergey Khachatryan ( Armenian: Սերգեյ Խաչատրյան also spelled Sergei Khachatryan) is an Armenian Violinist. Aram Khachaturian ( Armenian: Արամ Խաչատրյան Aram Xačatryan; Russian: Аpaм Ильич Xaчaтypян Aram Il'ič Hačaturjan Edgar Manucharyan ( Armenian: Էդգար Մանուչարյան born on January 19, 1987 in Yerevan, Soviet Union) is an Armen Movsessian (Արմեն Մովսեսյան born in Yerevan, Armenia) is a Violin player Shavarsh "Shavo" Odadjian (b April 22 1974, Yerevan, Armenian SSR) was the Bassist for the Los Angeles -based System of a Down (commonly referred to as System or abbreviated as SOAD) is an Armenian American rock band formed in 1994 in Sergei Parajanov (Սարգիս Հովսեփի Փարաջանյան Sargis Hovsepi Parajanyan; Georgian: სერგეი (სერგო Karapet "Karo" Parisyan (Կարո Փարիզյան born August 28, 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia) is an Armenian American Sargis Sargsian (born June 3 1973, Yerevan) is a former professional tennis player from Armenia. Rafik Khachatryan ( October 7, 1937 - January 16, 1993) was an Armenian sculptor Gevorg Sargsyan (born October 5, 1981) is an Armenian conductor. Martiros Saryan (Մարտիրոս Սարյան ( &mdash 5 May 1972) was a Russian-born Armenian painter. Alexander Shirvanzade ( Alexander Movsesyan) was born on April 7, 1858 in Shamakhi and died on August 7, 1935 in Yerevan Levon Ter-Petrossian ( Armenian: Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան Russian: Левон Тер-Петросян (born January 9 1945) Samvel Yervinyan (Սամվել Երվինյան born January 25, 1966 in Yerevan, Armenia) is a musician and composer Tigran Mansurian (born 1939 in Beirut) is a notable Armenian Musician and Composer. The Matenadaran or Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts in Yerevan Armenia, is one of the richest depositories of Manuscripts and Mother Armenia (Մայր Հայաստան Mayr Hayastan) is the female personification of Armenia. Saint Gregory the Illuminator or Saint Gregory the Enlightener (Գրիգոր Լուսաւորիչ translit This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The hammer and sickle is a part of Communist symbolism and its usage indicates an association with Communism, Communist Party, or Communist state David of Sasun (or David of Sassoun) ( Armenian: Սասունցի Դավիթ /Sasuntsi Davit/ is an Armenian epic hero who drove Arab invaders Hagop Baronian ( Armenian: Յակոբ Պարոնեան (1843-1891 was an influential Armenian writer satirist educator and social figure in the 19th century Hrazdan Stadium ( Armenian: Հրազդան մարզադաշտ is a multi-use All-seater stadium in Yerevan, Armenia. The National Gallery of Armenia (Հայաստանի Ազգային Պատկերասրահ is the National gallery of Armenia, located on the Republic Square Tsitsernakaberd (Ծիծեռնակաբերդ Russian: Цицернакабéрд is a memorial dedicated to the victims of the Armenian Genocide located on a hill The "Blue Mosque", also known as the "Gyok Jami" ( Կապույտ Մզկիթ, Kapuyt Mzkit or Գյոյ Մզկիթ, Gyoy

See also

• Radio Yerevan
• Zvartnots Airport
• Yerevan Physics Institute
• Yerevan Metro
• Yerevan TV Tower
• Yerevan drive

Footnotes

References

• The capitals of Armenia, Sergey Vardanyan, Apolo 1995 , ISBN 5-8079-0778-7
• My Yerevan, G. Zakoyan, M. Sivaslian, V. Navasardian, Acnalis 2001, ISBN 99930-902-0-4

External links

• Yerevan Municipality webpage in Armenian, English and Russian
• Yerevan.ru The capital of Armenia online (Russian)
• About Yerevan
• Erebuni History and excavation description, edited by Rick Ney
• Online News From Armenia. Edited by John Hughes.
• Yerevan article on Armeniapedia
• Yerevan article on Cilicia.com
• Armenia Info Yerevan page
• Photos of Yerevan Sights
• The Yerevan Metro system
• Interactive CD - Yerevan Virtual
• 3d Models in Yerevan
• The Alan Hovhaness International Research Centre in Yerevan