| Part of a series of articles on |
Cossacks |
|---|
| Cossack hosts |
| Don · Ural · Terek · Kuban · Orenburg ·Astrakhan · Siberian · Baikal · Amur · Semirechye · Ussuri |
| Other groups |
| Azov · Black Sea · Bug · Caucasus Line · Danube (Sich)· Danube (Host) · Hetmanate · Tatar Cossacks · Nekrasov · Turkey · Jewish Cossacks · Zaporozhia |
| History of the Cossacks |
| Colonisation of Siberia · Khmelnytsky Uprising · Treaty of Hadiach · Bulavin Rebellion · Pugachev's Rebellion · 1st Cavalry Army · Decossackization · Betrayal of the Cossacks · XVth SS Cossack Cavalry Corps · 1st Cossack Division |
| Famous Cossacks |
| Andrei Shkuro · Bohdan Khmelnytsky · Ivan Mazepa · Ivan Sirko · Pyotr Krasnov . The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern A Cossack host or Cossack voisko (Казачье войско kazachye voysko, sometimes incorrectly translated as Cossack Army) was an administrative Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. The Ural Cossack Host was a Cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks -- those cossacks settled by the Ural River. Terek Cossack Host (Терское казачье войско was a Cossack host created in 1577 from free Cossacks who resettled from Volga to Kuban Cossacks (Кубанские кaзаки Kubanskiye Kаzaki) are Cossacks who live in the Kuban region of Russia. The Orenburg Cossack Host ( Оренбургское казачье войско) a part of the Cossack population in pre- Revolutionary Russia Astrakhan Cossack Host ( Астраханское казачье войско in Russian) was a Cossack host of Imperial Russia drawn from the Siberian Cossacks were Cossacks who settled in the Siberian region of Russia since the end of the 16th century Baikal Cossacks were Cossacks of the Transbaikal Cossack Host (Забайка́льское каза́чье во́йско a Cossack host formed in 1851 The Amur Cossack Host ( Амурское казачье войско in Russian) a Cossack host created in the Amur region and Primorye Semirechye Cossask Host (Семиреченское казачье войско was a Cossack host in Imperial Russia, located in Semirechye Oblast (today Ussuri Cossack Host (Уссури́йское каза́чье во́йско was a Cossack Host in Imperial Russia, located in Primorye south of Azov Cossack Host (Азовское Казачье Войско was a Cossack host that existed on the northern shore of the Sea of Azov, between 1832 and 1862 Black Sea Cossack Host (Черноморское казачье войско was a Cossack host created in 1787 in Southern Ukraine from former Zaporozhians The Buh Cossack Host (Бузьке козацьке військо (Бугское казачье войско was a Cossack host which used to be located along the Caucasus Line Cossack Host (Кавказское линейное казачье войско was a Cossack host created in 1832 in the Northern Caucasus. The Danubian Sich (Задунайська Сiч Задунайская Сечь was a fortified settlement ( Sich) of Zaporozhian Cossacks who settled The Danube Cossack Host (Дунайское Казачье Войско was an Imperial Russian Cossack Host formed in 1828 prior to the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829 The Hetmanate or officially Viysko Zaporozke (Гетьманщина Het’manshchyna; Військо Запорозьке Viys’ko Zaporoz’ke Nağaybäk ( plural Nağaybäklär Russian: Нагайбаки are an ethnoconfessional group in Russia. Nekrasov Cossacks, Nekrasovite Cossacks, Nekrasovites, Nekrasovtsy ( Некрасовцы Некрасовские казаки Казаки-некрасовцы Cossacks in Turkey refers to descendants of a group of Don Cossacks who had lived in the territory of the Republic of Turkey until they migrated in 1962 Background Of the different branches of Cossacks the only one that would allow Jews into their society were the Cossacks of The Zaporozhian Cossacks (Запорожці Zaporozhtsi,were Cossacks who lived in Zaporizhia, in Central Ukraine The history of the Cossacks spans several centuries Early history The origins of the first Cossacks are uncertain The Russian conquest of Siberia took place in the 16th century when the Siberian Khanate had become a loose political structure of Vassalages which were becoming The term Khmelnytsky Uprising (also Khmel'nyts'kyi/Chmielnicki Uprising or Khmelnytsky / Chmielnicki Rebellion) refers to a Rebellion or The Treaty of Hadiach (ugoda hadziacka was a Treaty signed on September 16 1658 in Hadiach (Hadziacz Hadiacz Гадяч between representatives of the Polish-Lithuanian The Bulavin Rebellion is the name given to a violent civil uprising in Imperial Russia between the years 1707 and 1708 Pugachev's Rebellion (or the Cossack Rebellion) was the largest peasant Revolt in Russia 's history The 1st Cavalry Army (Первая конная армия was the most famous Red Army сavalry formation Decossackization is a term used to describe Lenin 's Bolsheviks policy of the systematic elimination of the Cossacks as social groups The Betrayal of the Cossacks, also known as The Tragedy of Drau and The Massacre of Cossacks at Lienz refers to the forced repatriation of Cossacks The 15th SS Cossack Cavalry Corps was a German cavalry corps during World War II. The 1st Cossack Division (1 Kosaken-Kavallerie-Division is a Russian Cossack division within the German World War II Army Andrei Grigoriyevich Shkuro (Shkura ( Russian: Андрей Григорьевич Шкуро ( Шкура) Ukrainian: Шкуро Андрій Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Ivan Stepanovych Mazepa (Іван Степанович Мазепа historically spelled as Mazeppa; 20 March 1639 &mdash 2 October Ivan Sirko ( Ukrainian: c. 1610 &ndash 1680 was a Cossack military leader Koshovyi Otaman of the Zaporozhian Host and author of Pyotr Nikolayevich Krasnov ( Петр Николаевич Краснов in Russian) ( September 22 (10 old style) 1869 — January 17 Stenka Razin · Yemelyan Pugachev · Yermak Timofeyevich |
| Cossack terms |
| Ataman · Hetman · Papakha · Plastun · Shashka · Stanitsa |
Yemelyan Ivanovich Pugachov (1740 or 1742 - January 21 [O.S. January 10] 1775), also transliterated Emelian Pugachev (Russian: Емелья́н Ива́нович Пугачёв), was a pretender to the Russian throne who led a great Cossack insurrection during the reign of Catherine II. For the place in Azerbaijan see Stepan Razin Azerbaijan. Stepan (Sten'ka Timofeyevich Razin ( Russian: Степан (Стенька Yermak redirects here For the ship see Icebreaker Yermak. Yermak Timofeyevich ( Russian: Ерма́к Тимофе́евич Ataman (variants wataman, vataman, otaman, Cyrillic: атаман (Russian ватаман (Russian regional отаман (Ukrainian was Hetman was the title of the second highest military commander (after the Monarch) used in 15th to 18th century Poland, Ukraine and Grand Papakhi (ფაფახი transliterated Papakhi; папаха папа́ха; papakh transliterated Papakha) is a Georgian Wool Plastun or plastoon ( Ukrainian, пластун was originally a Cossack of dismounted scouting and Sentry Military The Shashka is a special kind of Sabre, a very sharp single edged single handed and guardless Sword. Stanitsa (стани́ца pronounced stah-nee-tsah; станиця stanytsia) is a village inside a Cossack host (voisko (ru казачье Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Year 1742 ( MDCCXLII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern An insurgency is a violent internal uprising against a sovereign government that lacks the organization of a revolution Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (Екатерина II Великая Yekaterina II Velikaya;) reigned as Empress of Russia for 34 years Alexander Pushkin wrote a remarkable history of the rebellion, and he recounted some of the events in his novel The Captain's Daughter (1836). The Captain's Daughter (Капитанская дочка Kapitanskaya Dochka) is a Historical novel by the Russian Writer Alexander
Contents |
Background
Pugachev, the son of a small Don Cossack landowner, married a Cossack girl, Sofia Nedyuzheva, in 1758, and, in the same year, participated the Seven Years' War as part of the Cossack expedition to Prussia under the command of Count Zakhar Chernyshev. Don Cossacks (Донские казаки were Cossacks who settled along the middle and lower Don. Year 1758 ( MDCCLVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Seven Years' War (1756&ndash1763 involved all of the major European powers of the period causing 900000 to 1400000 deaths Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Count Zakhar Grigoryevich Chernyshov or Tchernyshov (Захар Григорьевич Чернышёв (1722 - 1784 the eldest of three brothers Zakhar Ivan Tchernyshov In the first Russo-Turkish War (1768–1774), Pugachev, now a Cossack khorunzhiy (corresponding to the regular army rank of podporuchik, or junior lieutenant), served under Count Peter Panin and participated in the siege of Bender (1770). The Russo-Turkish War of 1768–1774 was a decisive conflict that brought Southern Ukraine, Northern Caucasus, and Crimea within the orbit of the Russian Year 1768 ( MDCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a General Count Petr Ivanovich Panin (Пётр Ива́нович Па́нин (1721 &ndash April 26, 1789) younger brother of Nikita Ivanovich Panin, Bendery or Bender, also known as Tighina, is a city in Moldova.
Invalided home, Pugachev led for the next few years a wandering life. More than once, the authorities arrested and imprisoned him as a deserter. In 1773, after frequenting the monasteries of the Old Believers, who exercised considerable influence over him, he suddenly proclaimed himself tsar Peter III and organised the insurrection of the Yaik Cossacks which ignited the flames of a full-blown insurrection in the lower Volga region. Year 1773 ( MDCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Introductory summary of origins In 1652 Nikon (1605 – 1681 Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church from 1652 to 1658 introduced a number of ritual and textual Tsar csar and tzar redirect here For other uses see Tsar (disambiguation. Peter III ( February 21, 1728 – July 17, 1762) (Пётр III Фëдорович Pyotr III Fyodorovitch) was Emperor The Ural Cossack Host was a Cossack host formed from the Ural Cossacks -- those cossacks settled by the Ural River.
Insurrection 1773–1774
See Main Article: Pugachev's Rebellion
The story of Pugachev's strong resemblance to the murdered tsar Peter III, whom his wife, the future empress Catherine II, had overthrown in 1762, comes from a later legend. Pugachev's Rebellion (or the Cossack Rebellion) was the largest peasant Revolt in Russia 's history Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Pugachev was a Don Cossack and deserter of Catherine's Imperial army. Pugachev told the story that he and his principal adherents had escaped from the clutches of Catherine, and had now resolved to redress the grievances of the people, give absolute liberty to the Cossacks, and put Catherine herself away in a monastery. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism.
Having amassed an army through propaganda, active recruitment and promises for reform, with this army and the coordination of his generals, Pugachev was able to overtake much of the region stretching between the Volga River and the Urals. Pugachev's greatest victory of the insurgency was the taking of Kazan. The Battle of Kazan (1774 was a major battle during Pugachev Rebellion. Kazan (Каза́нь Казан tt Qazan) is the capital city of the Republic of Tatarstan, Russia, and one of Russia's largest cities
In response, General Peter Panin thereupon set out against the rebels with a large army, but difficulty of transport, lack of discipline, and the gross insubordination of his ill-paid soldiers paralysed all his efforts for months, while the innumerable and ubiquitous bands of Pugachev gained victories in nearly every engagement. Vasily Grigor'evich Perov (Василий Григорьевич Перов ( January 2 1834 (December 21 1833 Old Style - June 10 (May 29 Old Style 1882 Not until August 1774 did General Mikhelson inflict a crushing defeat upon the rebels near Tsaritsyn, when they lost ten thousand killed or taken prisoner. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Panin's savage reprisals, after the capture of Penza, completed their discomfiture. History Penza was founded in 1663 as a frontier outpost on the then southeastern border of Russia On September 14, 1774 Pugachev's own Cossacks delivered him up when he attempted to flee to the Urals. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 1774 ( MDCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Riphean redirects here For the time period see Riphean stage The Ural Mountains (Ура́льские го́ры Uralskiye Aleksandr Suvorov had him placed in a metal cage and sent to Moscow for a public execution which took place on January 10, 1775 (OS = 21 January 1775 NS). Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров (sometimes transliterated as Aleksandr, Aleksander and Suvarov Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a In the public square, he was diced into quarters.
Legacy of Pugachev
The Pugachev rebellion had a long lasting effect on Russia for years to come. While Catherine II tried to reform the provincial administration, the horrors of the revolt caused her to scrap other reforms, particularly attempts to emancipate the peasant serfs of Russia. Her regime became one of increasing conservativism. The Russian writer Alexander Radishchev, in Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow, attacked the Russian government and, in particular the institution of serfdom. Aleksandr Nikolayevich Radishchev (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Ради́щев ( August 31, 1749 &ndash September 24, 1802 The Journey From St Petersburg to Moscow (in Russian Путешествие из Петербурга в Москву published in 1790 was the most famous work by the Russian In the book, he refers to Pugachev and the rebellion as a warning. [1]
The term "Pugachevs of the University" was frequently used to describe the generation of the Russian Nihilist movement. The Nihilist movement was a Russian Anarchist movement in the 1860s which rejected existing authorities and values
The town in which Pugachev was born was later named in his honor by the Soviet government.
Today, the central square in the Kazakh town of Uralsk is named Pugachev Square. Oral ( Орал; Russian: Уральск Uralsk, also spelled Ural'sk) is a city in northwestern Kazakhstan, at the confluence [2]
Bibliography
- N. Pugachov's Oak is a major tree in Marii Chodra national park Mari El Republic Russian Federation. Dubrovin, Pugachiev and his Associates (Rus. ; Petersburg, 1884)
- Catherine II. , Political Correspondence (Rus. Fr. Ger. ; Petersburg, 1885, &c. )
- S. I. Gnyedich, Emilian Pugachev (Rus. ; Petersburg, 1902).
- "Dokumenty stavki EI Pugacheva, povstancheskikh vlastei i uchrezhdenii, 1773-1774 gg. "
- AN SSSR, In-t istorii SSSR, TSentr. gos. arkhiv drev. aktov (Rus. Moscow, 1975. )
- Pugachevshchina. Moscow : Gosizdat, 1926-1931. Publishing houses in the Soviet Union, with the exception of the brief initial period and the period of Perestroika before the Collapse of the Soviet Union
- Longworth, Philip. "The Pretender Phenomenon in Eighteenth-Century Russia", Past and Present, No. 66. (Feb. , 1975), pp. 61–83.
External links
- Pushkin on Pugachov: God save us from the Russian riot, absurd and cruel
- Russian film on Pugachov (1999)
- Encyclopædia Britannica on Pugachyov
- (Russian) Puchachyov;s biography
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic