Yellow River (Huang He, Huang Jiang)
Course of the Yellow River with major cities
Origin	Bayan Har Mountains, Qinghai Province
Mouth	Bohai Sea
Basin countries	China
Length	5464 km (3398 mi)
Source elevation	4500 m (14,765 ft)
Avg. The Bayan Har mountains (Bayan Har Uul) are a Mountain range in Qinghai province People's Republic of China and a branch of the Kunlun Mountains (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National discharge	2,571 m³/s (90,808 ft³/s)
Basin area	752 000 km²

This article contains Chinese text. In Hydrology, the discharge or outflow of a River is the volume of Water transported by it in a certain amount of time Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. Mojibake is the happenstance of incorrect unreadable characters (garbage characters shown when Computer software fails to render a text correctly according to its associated A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese (

The Yellow River or Huang He (Chinese: 黃河; pinyin: Huáng Hé; sometimes simply called 河 Hé ("The River") in ancient Chinese; Mongolian: Hatan Gol, Queen river^[1][2]) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the sixth-longest in the world at 5,464 kilometers (3,398 mi). Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Mongolian language (mn [[ImageMonggol kelesvg 17px]] Mongɣol kele, Cyrillic: Монгол хэл Mongol khel) is the best-known member of China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National This is a list of the longest rivers on Earth. It includes river systems over 1000 kilometers ^[3] Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in western China, it flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the Bohai Sea. The Bayan Har mountains (Bayan Har Uul) are a Mountain range in Qinghai province People's Republic of China and a branch of the Kunlun Mountains (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. The Yellow River basin has an east-west extent of 1900 km (1,180 mi) and a north-south extent of 1100 km (684 mi). Total basin area is 752,443 km² (290,520 mi²).

The Yellow River is called "the cradle of Chinese civilization", as its basin is the birthplace of the northern Chinese civilizations and is the most prosperous region in early Chinese history. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era But frequent devastating flooding, largely due to the elevated river bed in its lower course, has also earned it the unenviable name "China's Sorrow". China is one of the countries most affected by Natural disasters. A stream bed is the channel bottom of a Stream or River or creek the physical confine of the normal water flow ^[4]

Name

Early Chinese literature refers to the Yellow River simply as He (河), or "River". The first appearance of the name "Yellow River" (黄河) is in the Book of Han (漢書) written in the Western Han dynasty (206 BC–AD 9). The Book of Han ( is a classic Chinese Historical writing completed in 111 CE covering the history of Western Han from 206 BCE to The Han Dynasty ( 206 BC–220 AD followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. The name "Yellow River" describes the perennial ochre-yellow colour of the muddy water in the lower course of the river. Ochre or Ocher (pronounced /'əʊkə(r/ from the Greek ὠχρός yellow is a Color, usually described as golden - Yellow Yellow is the Color evoked by light that stimulates both the L and M (long and medium wavelength Cone cells of the Retina about equally Hue is one of the main properties of a Color described with names such as " Red " " Yellow " etc The yellow color comes from loess suspended in the water. Loess is a homogeneous typically non stratified porous Friable,slightly coherent often calcareous fine-grained Silty pale yellow or buff windblown ( aeolian

Sometimes the Yellow River is poetically called the "Muddy Flow" (Chinese: 濁流; pinyin: Zhuó Liú). Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use The Chinese expression "when the Yellow River flows clear" is similar to the English expression "when Hell freezes over. "

History and culture

"Mother River"

The yellow river as depicted in Qing Dynasty Chinese landscape painting

Traditionally, it is believed that the Chinese civilization originated in the Yellow River basin. The Chinese refer to the river as "the Mother River" and "the Cradle of the Chinese civilization". China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National

During the long history of China, the Yellow River has been considered a blessing as well as a curse and has been nicknamed both "China's Pride" (中国的骄傲 Zhōngguó de Jiāo'ào) and "China's Sorrow" (中国的痛 Zhōngguó de Tòng). Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. Records indicate that, from 602 BC to present, the river's course underwent at least 5 large-scale changes, and its levees were breached more than 1,500 times. Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial A major course change in 1194 took over the Huai River drainage system throughout the next 700 years. The Huai River ( is a major river in China. The Huai River is located about mid-way between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two largest rivers The mud in the Yellow River literally blocked the mouth of the Huai River and left thousands homeless. The Yellow River adopted its present course in 1897 after the latest course change occurred in 1855. Currently, the Yellow River flows through Jinan, capital of the Shandong province, and ends in the Bohai Sea. Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China.

The river gets its yellow color mostly from the fine-grained calcareous silts which originate in the Loess Plateau and are carried in the flow. Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay The Loess Plateau ( also known as the Huangtu Plateau is a Plateau that covers an area of some 640000 km² in the upper and middle of China 's Centuries of silt deposition and diking has caused the river to flow above the surrounding farmland, making flooding a critically dangerous problem. LeveeEmbankmentDitch A dike (or dyke) levee, levée, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial Flooding of the Yellow River has caused some of the highest death tolls in world history, with the 1887 Huang He flood killing 900,000 to 2,000,000 and the 1931 Huang He flood killing 1,000,000 to 4,000,000. This is a list of wars and human-made disasters by death toll. The Yellow River ( Huang He) in China is prone to flooding due to the broad expanse of largely flat land around it The 1931 China floods or the Central China flood of 1931 is a series of Floods that occurred during the Nanjing decade in the Republic of China In 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist troops under Chiang Kai-Shek broke the levees holding back the river in order to stop the advancing Japanese troops. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The river at that time flooded a huge area and took some 500,000 to 900,000 lives including a number of advancing Japanese soldiers.

Another historical source of devastating floods is the collapse of upstream ice dams in Inner Mongolia with an accompanying sudden release of vast quantities of impounded water. An ice dam (or ice jam) occurs when water builds up behind a blockage of ice Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol There have been 11 such major floods in the past century, each causing tremendous loss of life and property. Nowadays, explosives dropped from aircraft are used to break the ice dams before they become dangerous.

Some of the known flood defenses used in ancient times were ditches, walls (dams), levees, and rebound channels to route floodwaters around a blockage. Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial But the solutions were merely local, and sometimes the dams were too small and weak. If the river broke down the defenses it caused far more damage than if none had been built.

Characteristics

The Yellow River is notable for the large amount of silt it carries—1. Silt is Soil or rock derived Granular material of a Grain size between sand and clay 6 billion tons annually at the point where it descends from the Loess Plateau. The Loess Plateau ( also known as the Huangtu Plateau is a Plateau that covers an area of some 640000 km² in the upper and middle of China 's If it is running to the sea with sufficient volume, 1. 4 billion tons are carried to the sea annually.

In modern times, since 1972 when it first dried up, the river has dried up in its lower reaches many times, from Jinan to the sea in most years, in 1997 for 226 days. Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city The low volume is due to increased agricultural irrigation, by a factor of five since 1950. Irrigation is an artificial application of water to the soil usually for assisting in growing crops Water diverted from the river as of 1999 served 140 million people and irrigated 74,000 km² (48,572 mi²) of land. The highest volume occurs during the rainy season, from July to October, when 60% of the annual volume of the river flows. Maximum demand for irrigation is needed between March and June. In order to capture excess water for use when needed, and for flood control and electricity generation, several dams have been built, but due to the high silt load their life is expected to be limited. A proposed South-North Water Transfer Project involves several schemes to divert water from the Yangtze River, one in the western headwaters of the rivers where they are closest to one another, another from the upper reaches of the Han River, and a third using the route of the Grand Canal. The South-North Water Transfer Project ( is a multi decade project being actioned by the People's Republic of China to better utilize water resources available to China The Han River ( in China was often referred to as Hànshǔi (漢水 "Han water" in antiquity The Grand Canal of China ( also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ( is the longest ancient Canal or artificial River in the world

Due to its heavy load of silt the Yellow River is a depositing stream, that is, it deposits part of its carried burden of soil in its bed in stretches where it is flowing slowly. These deposits elevate the riverbed which flows between natural levees in its lower reaches. Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial Should a flood occur, the river may break out of the levees into the surrounding lower flood plain and adopt a new course. Historically this has occurred about once every hundred years. In modern times, considerable effort has been made to strengthen levees and control floods.

The Yellow River delta totals 8,000 square kilometers (3,090 mi²). However, since 1996 it has been reported to be shrinking slightly each year through erosion. ^[5]

Geography

From its sources, Gyaring Lake and Ngoring Lake high in the Bayan Har Mountains in Qinghai Province in the far west of China, the Yellow River loops north, bends south, creating the "Great Bend", and then flows generally eastward across northern China to the Gulf of Bohai, draining a basin of 752,443 km² (290,520 mi²) which nourishes 120 million people. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River,

The river is commonly divided into three stages. However, different scholars have different opinions on how the three stages are divided. This article adopts the division used by the Yellow River Conservancy Commission. ^[6]

Upper reaches

The Yellow River, near Xunhua, in Eastern Qinghai. Note the yellowish water, caused by loess. Loess is a homogeneous typically non stratified porous Friable,slightly coherent often calcareous fine-grained Silty pale yellow or buff windblown ( aeolian

The upper reaches of the Yellow River constitute a segment starting from its source in the Bayan Har Mountains and ending at Hekou County of Inner Mongolia just before it turns sharply to the north. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol This segment has a total length of 3,472 km (2,160 mi) and total basin area of 386,000 km² (149,035 mi²), 51. 3% of the total basin area. Along this length, the elevation of the Yellow River drops 3496 metres, with an average drop of 0. 1%.

The source section flows mainly through pastures, swamps, and knolls between the Bayan Har Mountains and the Anemaqen (Amne Machin) Mountains. The Bayan Har mountains (Bayan Har Uul) are a Mountain range in Qinghai province People's Republic of China and a branch of the Kunlun Mountains Amne Machin (or Anye Machin) is one of the highest peaks of a mountain range named Amne Machin Shan (A'nyêmaqên Shan and located in west-central China The river water is clear and flows steadily. Crystal clear lakes are characteristic of this section. The two main lakes along this section are Lake Bob (扎陵湖) and Lake Eling (鄂陵湖), with capacities of 4. 7 billion and 10. 8 billion m³, respectively. At elevations over 4,260 m (13,976 ft) above sea level they are the largest two plateau freshwater lakes in China.

The valley section stretches from Longyang Gorge in Qinghai to Qingtong Gorge in Gansu. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Steep cliffs line both sides of the river. The water bed is narrow and the average drop is large, so the flow in this section is extremely turbulent and fast. There are 20 gorges in this section, the most famous of these being the Longyang, Jishi, Liujia, Bapan, and Qingtong gorges. The flow conditions in this section makes it the best location for hydroelectric plants. Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water

After emerging from the Qingtong Gorge, the river comes into a section of vast alluvial plains, the Yinchuan Plain and Hetao Plain. In this section, the regions along the river are mostly deserts and grasslands, with very few tributaries. A desert is a Landscape or region that receives very little precipitation. Grasslands (also called greenswards) are areas where the Vegetation is dominated by Grasses ( Poaceae) and other Herbaceous (non-woody The flow is slow. The Hetao Plain has a length of 900 km (560 mi) and width of 30 to 50 km (20–30 mi). It is historically the most important irrigation plain along the Yellow River.

Middle reaches

Yellow River at Lanzhou

The part of Yellow River between Hekou County in Inner Mongolia and Zhengzhou in Henan constitutes the middle reaches of the river. Lanzhou ( Postal map spelling: Lanchow is a Prefecture-level city and capital of Gansu province in northwestern China. Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol Zhengzhou ( formerly called Zhengxian is a Prefecture-level city, and the capital of Henan province, People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country The middle reaches are 1,206 km (749 mi) long, with a basin area of 344,000 km² (132,820 mi²), 45. 7% of the total, with a total elevation drop of 890 meters (2,920 ft), an average drop of 0. 074%. There are 30 large tributaries along the middle reaches, and the water flow is increased by 43. 5% on this stage. The middle reaches contribute 92% of the river's silts.

The middle stream of the Yellow River passes through the Loess Plateau, where substantial erosion takes place. The Loess Plateau ( also known as the Huangtu Plateau is a Plateau that covers an area of some 640000 km² in the upper and middle of China 's The large amount of mud and sand discharged into the river makes the Yellow River the most sediment-laden river in the world. Sediment is any particulate matter that can be transported by fluid flow and which eventually is deposited as a layer of solid particles on the bed or bottom of a body of The highest recorded annual level of silts discharged into the Yellow River is 3. 91 billion tons in 1933. The highest silt concentration level was recorded in 1977 at 920 kg/m³. These sediments later deposit in the slower lower reaches of the river, elevating the river bed and creating the famous "river above ground". A stream bed is the channel bottom of a Stream or River or creek the physical confine of the normal water flow In Kaifeng, the Yellow River is 10 meters (33 ft) above the ground level. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern ^[7]

From Hekou County to Yumenkou, the river passes through the longest series of continuous valleys on its main course, collectively called the Jinshan Valley. The abundant hydrodynamic resources stored in this section make it the second most suitable area to build hydroelectric power plants. The famous Hukou Waterfall is in the lower part of this valley.

Lower reaches

In the lower reaches, from Zhengzhou to the sea, a distance of 786 km (488 mi), the river is confined to a levee-lined course as it flows to the northeast across the North China Plain before emptying into the Bohai Sea. Dike (constructionEmbankmentA levee, levée, dike (or dyke) embankment, floodbank or stopbank is a natural or artificial The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia. Bo Hai ( also known as Bohai Sea or Bohai Gulf, is the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea on the coast of northeastern China. The basin area in this stage is only 23,000 km² (8,880 mi²), 3% of the total. The total drop in elevation of the lower reaches is 93. 6 m (307 ft), with an average drop of 0. 012%.

The silts received from the middle reaches form sediments here, elevating the river bed. During 2,000 years of levee construction, excessive sediment deposits have raised the riverbed several meters above the surrounding ground. Few tributaries add to the flow in this stage; nearly all rivers to the south drain into the Huai River, whereas those to the north drain into the Hai River. The Huai River ( is a major river in China. The Huai River is located about mid-way between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two largest rivers The Hai River ( previously called Bai He (Chinese 白河 pinyin Bái Hé; literally "white river" Pei Ho in Western sources is a

Tributaries

Tributaries of the Yellow River include:

• White River (白河)
• Black River (黑河)
• Huang River (湟水)
• Zuli River (祖厉河)
• Qingshui River (清水河)
• Dahei River (大黑河)
• Kuye River (窟野河)
• Wuding River (无定河)
• Fen River (汾河)
• Wei River (渭河)
• Luo River (洛河)
• Qin River (沁河)
• Dawen River (大汶河)

Hydroelectric power dams

Below is the list of hydroelectric power stations built on the Yellow River (in bracket is the year to start operation):

• Sanmen Gorge hydroelectric power station (1960)
• Sanshenggong hydroelectric power station (1966)
• Qingtong Gorge hydroelectric power station (1968)
• Liujia Gorge hydroelectric power station (1974)
• Yanguo Gorge hydroelectric power station (1975)
• Tianqiao hydroelectric power station (1977)
• Bapan Gorge hydroelectric power station (1980)
• Longyang Gorge hydroelectric power station (1992)
• Da Gorge hydroelectric power station (1998)
• Li Gorge hydroelectric power station (1999)
• Wanjiazhai hydroelectric power station (1999)
• Xiaolangdi hydroelectric power station (2001)

Provinces and cities

Originating in the Bayan Har Mountains, the Yellow River passes through seven provinces and two Autonomous Regions, namely Qinghai, Sichuan, Gansu, Ningxia, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Henan, and Shandong. Black River is a common name for streams and communities around the world as well as the Spanish and Portuguese translation for Rio Negro. The Yellow River or Huang He / Hwang Ho ( Hatan Gol Queen river) is the second-longest river in China (after the Yangtze River) and the The Fen River ( is a river in Shanxi Province the People's Republic of China. The Wei River ( Simplified Chinese:渭河 Pinyin: Wei He Wade-Giles: Wei Ho is a River in west-central China and is the largest The Luo River ( Chinese: 洛河 Pinyin: Luò Hé is a tributary of the Yellow River in China Hydroelectricity is electricity generated by Hydropower, ie the production of power through use of the gravitational force of falling water The Xiaolangdi Dam ( Chinese: 小浪底 Pinyin: Xiǎolàngdǐ is a dam in Jiyuan, Henan, China. The Bayan Har mountains (Bayan Har Uul) are a Mountain range in Qinghai province People's Republic of China and a branch of the Kunlun Mountains A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng ( which is an administrative division An autonomous region ( is a first-level administrative subdivision of China. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. ( Postal map spelling: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in western China with its capital in Chengdu. ( is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China. Ningxia ( Postal map spelling: Ningsia full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region ( is a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic Inner Mongolia ( Mongolian:, Öbür mongɣul; occasionally romanized to Nei Mongol is the Mongol ( Postal map spelling: Shensi) is a north-central province of the People's Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China. The mouth of the Yellow River is located at Dongying, Shandong. Administration The Prefecture-level city of Dongying administers 5 county-level divisions, including 2 districts and 3 counties ( is a coastal province of eastern People's Republic of China.

The provinces of Hebei and Henan derive their names from the Huang He. ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country Their names mean respectively "north of the (Yellow) River" and "south of the (Yellow) River".

Major cities located along the Yellow River include, starting from the source, Lanzhou, Wuhai, Baotou, Kaifeng, and Jinan. Lanzhou ( Postal map spelling: Lanchow is a Prefecture-level city and capital of Gansu province in northwestern China. Wuhai ( Üqai is a Prefecture-level city and regional center in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China Baotou ( Buɣutu) is a Prefecture-level city and the largest city in Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. Kaifeng ( formerly known as Bianliang ( Bianjing ( Daliang ( or simply Liang ( is a Prefecture-level city in eastern Jinan ( in some literatures the pinyin without tones is given as Ji'nan, to disambiguate from a possible misreading as Jin'an is a Sub-provincial city

Crossings

• Binzhou Yellow River Highway Bridge
• Sunkou Yellow River Highway Bridge
• Zhongshan Bridge

Flooding and changes of course

Further information: List of natural disasters by death toll

The river is extremely prone to flooding. For man-made disasters see List of wars and disasters by death toll A death toll is the number of dead as a result of War, Violence, A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge It has flooded 1,593 times in last 3,000–4,000 years, while its main course changed 18 times. Historical maps from the Qin Dynasty indicate the Yellow River was then flowing considerably north of its present course. Not to be confused with the Qing Dynasty, the last dynasty of China Those maps show that after the river passed Luoyang it flowed along the border between Shanxi and Henan provinces, continuing along the border between Hebei and Shandong before emptying into Bohai Bay near present-day Tianjin. Luoyang ( is a Prefecture-level city in western Henan province, People's Republic of China. ( Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the People's Republic of China. Henan ( is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country ( Postal map spelling: Hopeh) is a northern province of the People's Republic of China. Bohai Bay ( is one of the three bays forming the Bohai Gulf, the innermost gulf of the Yellow Sea, in northeastern China. ( Postal map spelling: Tientsin) is the second largest city in northern coastal China.

Beginning in 1194, the part of the Yellow River flowing to the north changed its course southward by running into the Huai River. The Huai River ( is a major river in China. The Huai River is located about mid-way between the Yellow River and Yangtze River, the two largest rivers The course of the river has changed back and forth between the route of the Huai River and the original route of the Yellow River several times over the past 700 years. The consequent buildup of silt deposits was so heavy that the Huai River was unable to flow in its historic course after the Yellow River reverted to its northerly course for the last time in 1897. Instead, the water pools up into Hongze Lake and then runs southward toward the Yangtze River. Lake Hongze ( is located in Jiangsu Province, China and is encompassed by the cities Suqian and Huai'an.

Floods on the river account for some of the deadliest natural disasters ever recorded. A natural disaster is the consequence of a Natural hazard (eg The flatness of North China Plain contributes to the deadliness of the floods. The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia. A slight rise in water level means a large portion of land is completely covered in water. When a flood occurs, a portion of the population initially dies from drowning, then by the spread of diseases and the ensuing famine.

• In 1887 the river flooded the North China Plain causing an estimated 900,000–2,000,000 deaths. The Yellow River ( Huang He) in China is prone to flooding due to the broad expanse of largely flat land around it The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia.
• In 1931 the river flooded the North China Plain causing an estimated 1,000,000–4,000,000 deaths. The 1931 China floods or the Central China flood of 1931 is a series of Floods that occurred during the Nanjing decade in the Republic of China The North China Plain ( is based on the deposits of the Huang He (Yellow River and is the largest Alluvial plain of eastern Asia.

In 1938, during the Second Sino-Japanese War, the Nationalist troops under the orders of Chiang Kai-Shek broke the dike holding back the Yellow River in order to stop the advancing Japanese troops. The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. This resulted in the flooding of an area covering 54,000 km² and the deaths of 500,000–900,000 people. The 1938 Yellow River flood was a flood created by the Nationalist Government in central China during the early stage

Several dams and flooding projects have been constructed along the Yellow River preventing any further flooding of the river.

See also

Notes

References

• Sinclair, Kevin. 1987. The Yellow River: A 5000 Year Journey Through China. (Based on the television documentary). Child & Associates Publishing, Chatswood, Sydney, Australia. ISBN 0-86777-347-2

External links

• Yellow River at University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
• Listen to the Yellow River Ballade from the Yellow River Cantata
• "A Troubled River Mirrors China’s Path to Modernity", New York Times November 19, 2006
• First raft descent of the Yellow River from its source in Qinghai to its mouth (1987)
• Yellow River at risk - Greenpeace China