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The term world music includes

World music does not include

Contents

Terminology

The term became current in the 1980s as a marketing/classificatory device in the media and the music industry, and it is generally used to classify any kind of foreign (i. Classical music is a broad term that usually refers to mainstream music produced in or rooted in the traditions of Western liturgical and Secular music Ska ( pronounced /ska/ or in Jamaican Patois /skja/ is a Music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and which was the precursor Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Reggaeton (also spelled reggaetón, and known as reguetón and reggaetón in Spanish) is a form of urban music which became popular The 1980s was the decade spanning from January 1 1980 to December 31 1989. The music industry is the business of Music. Although it encompasses the activity of many music-related businesses and organizations it is currently dominated by the "big e. non-Western) music.

In musical terms, world music can be roughly defined as music that uses distinctive ethnic scales, modes and musical inflections, and which is usually (though not always) performed on or accompanied by distinctive traditional ethnic instruments, such as the kora (West African harp), the steel drum, the sitar or the didgeridoo. In Music, a scale is a group of musical notes collected in ascending and descending order that provides material for or is used to conveniently represent part or all In Music, a scale is an ordered series of Musical intervals which along with the key or tonic, define the pitches However mode The kora is a 21- string Harp - Lute used extensively by peoples in West Africa. The harp is a Stringed instrument which has the plane of its strings positioned perpendicular to the soundboard. Steelpans (also known as steeldrums or pans, and sometimes collectively with Musicians as a steelband) is a Musical instrument and The sitar ( Hindi: सितार Urdu: ستار Persian: سی تار) is a Plucked stringed instrument. The didgeridoo (also known as a didjeridu or didge) is a wind instrument of the Indigenous Australians of northern Australia.

There are several conflicting definition for world music. One is that it consists of "all the music in the world", though such a broad definition renders the word virtually meaningless. Music is an Art form in which the medium is Sound organized in Time. "The world " is a proper noun for the planet Earth envisioned from an Anthropocentric or Human Worldview, as a place [2] The term also is taken as a classification of music that combines western popular music styles with one of many genres of non-Western music that were previously described as folk music or ethnic music. A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Folk music can have a number of different meanings including Traditional music: The original meaning of the term "folk music" was synonymous Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music " However, world music does not have to mean traditional folk music, it may refer to the indigenous classical forms of various regions of the world, and to modern, cutting edge pop music styles as well. Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Succinctly, it can be described as "local music from out there",[3] or "someone else's local music". [4]

Music from around the world exerts wide cross-cultural influence as styles naturally influence one another, and in recent years world music has also been marketed as a successful genre in itself. Academic study of world music, as well as the musical genres and individual artists with which it has been associated, can be found in such disciplines as anthropology, Folkloristics, Performance Studies and ethnomusicology

Examples of popular forms of world music include the various forms of non-European classical music (e. Anthropology (/ˌænθɹəˈpɒlədʒi/ from Greek grc ἄνθρωπος anthrōpos, "human" -λογία -logia) is the study of Folkloristics is the formal academic study of Folklore. What actually constitutes folklore is disputed even within the discipline but generally folklore focuses on the Performance studies has been growing as an academic specialty since the 1970s This article is about the concept For the society and academic journal see Society for Ethnomusicology. g. Japanese koto music, Indian raga music, Tibetan chants), eastern European folk music (e. The koto ( 琴 or 箏) is a traditional Japanese stringed Musical instrument derived from the Chinese Zither ( Guzheng Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used g. the village music of Bulgaria) and the many forms of folk and tribal music of the Middle East, Africa, Asia, Oceania and Central and South America. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a

The broad category of world music includes isolated forms of ethnic music from diverse geographical regions. Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music " These dissimilar strains of ethnic music are commonly categorized together by virtue of their indigenous roots. Traditional music is the term now used in the terminology of Grammy Awards for what used to be called " folk music " Over the 20th century, the invention of sound recording, low-cost international air travel and common access to global communication among artists and the general public has given rise to a related phenomenon called "cross-over" music. The twentieth century of the Common Era began on Crossover is a term applied to Musical works or performers appearing on two or more of the Record charts which track differing musical tastes or genres Musicians from diverse cultures and locations could readily access recorded music from around the world, see and hear visiting musicians from other cultures and visit other countries to play their own music, creating a melting pot of stylistic influences.

While communication technology allows greater access to obscure forms of music, the pressures of commercialization also present the risk of increasing musical homogeny, the blurring of regional identities, and the gradual extinction of traditional local music-making practices.

Popular non-Western genres

Although it primarily describes traditional music, the world music genre also includes popular music from non-Western urban communities (e. g. South African "township" music) and non-European music forms that have been influenced by other so-called third-world musics (e. g. Afro-Cuban music), although Western-style popular song sourced from non-English-speaking countries in Western Europe (e. The Caribbean island of Cuba has developed a wide range of creolized musical styles based on its cultural origins in Europe and Africa g. French pop music) would not generally be considered world music. French pop music is the Pop music sung in the French language.

World Music in France

Paris is one of the great European capitals for world music. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city For many years, the city has attracted numerous musicians from former colonies in West Africa and North Africa. This thriving scene is aided by the fact that there are many concerts and institutions that help promote the music.

Algerian and Moroccan music have an important presence in the French capital. Hundreds of thousands of Algerian and Moroccan immigrants have settled in Paris, bringing the sounds of Amazigh (Berber), rai, and Gnawa music. Rai - Radiotelevisione Italiana, known until 1954 as Radio Audizioni Italiane, is the Italian public service broadcaster, and is considered Algerian raï also found a large French audience, especially Cheb Mami. Raï (راي is a form of folk music, originated in Oran Algeria from Bedouin Shepherds mixed with Spanish, French, Cheb Mami (شاب مامي Ahmed Khelifati Mohamed, born July 11, 1966) is an Algerian born Raï singer [5]

The West African community is also very large, integrated by people from Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, and Guinea. They have introduced manding jeli music, mbalax and other styles.

Cultural appropriation in western music

Main article: Cultural appropriation in western music

After 1987: WOMAD and beyond

The origins of the term World Music in relation to the selling of this type of music began in 1982 when World Music Day (Fête de la Musique) was initiated in France. Cultural appropriation in western music as a cultural/economic phenomenon is inextricably linked with the invention of Sound recording and the development of the international This article refers to a music festival which began in France but which is now international in various cities This article refers to a music festival which began in France but which is now international in various cities World Music Day is celebrated on 21 June every year since then. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. On Monday 29 June 1987 a meeting of interested parties gathered to capitalise on the marketing of this genre. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Arguably popular interest was sparked with the release in 1986 of Paul Simon's Graceland album. Paul Frederic Simon (born October 13 1941 is an American Songwriter, Musician, and member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Graceland is an Album released in 1986 by Paul Simon. It was a big hit in the UK topping the charts at #1 The concept behind the album was to express his own sensibilities using the sounds which he had fallen in love with listening to artists from Southern Africa, including Ladysmith Black Mambazo and Savuka. Ladysmith Black Mambazo is a male choral group from South Africa that sings in the vocal style of Isicathamiya and mbube. Savuka was a band formed in 1986 by English -born South African Johnny Clegg after the disbanding of his first band Juluka. But this project and the work of Peter Gabriel and Johnny Clegg amongst others had to some degree introduced non-western music to a wider audience and this was an opportunity which could not be ignored. Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. Jonathan (Johnny Clegg, born June 7, 1953 in Rochdale (near Manchester) Lancashire, ( UK

Before 1987, although World Music undoubtedly had a following and with this potential market opening up, it was difficult for interested parties to sell their music to the larger music stores; although specialist music stores had been important in developing the genre over many years, the record companies, broadcasters and journalists had been finding it difficult to build a following because the music itself seemed too scarce. They were eyeing the Jazz and Classic markets, watching them develop a cross-over audience and decided that the best way forward would be to collective strategy to bring the music to a wider audience. Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States

At the outset of the 1987 meeting, the musician Roger Armstrong advised why something needed to be done; "(He) felt that the main problem in selling our kind of material lay with the UK retail outlets and specifically the fact that they did not know how to rack it coherently. This discouraged them from stocking the material in any depth and made it more difficult for the record buyers to become acquainted with our catalogues. "

The first concern of the meetings was to select the umbrella name that this 'new' music would be listed under. Suggestions included 'World Beat' and prefixing words such as 'Hot' or 'Tropical' to existing genre titles, but 'World Music' won after a show of hands, but initially it was not meant to be the title for a whole new genre, rather something which all of the record labels could place on the sleeves of records in order to distinguish them during the forthcoming campaign. It only became a title for the genre after an agreement that despite the publicity campaign, this wasn't an exclusive club and that for the good of all, any label which was selling this type of music would be able to take advantage.

Another issue which needed to be addressed was the distribution methods which existed at the time. Most of the main labels were unhappy with the lack of specialist knowledge displayed by sales persons which led to poor service; there was also a reluctance amongst many of the larger outlets to carry the music, because they understandably liked larger releases which could be promoted within store. It was difficult to justify a large presentation expense if the stock going into stores was limited.

One of the marketing strategies used in the vinyl market at the time was the use of browser cards, which would appear in the record racks. A vinyl compound is any Organic compound that contains a vinyl group (also called ethenyl) &minus C[[Hydrogen H]] =CH sub>2 As part of the World Music campaign it was decided that these would be a two colour affair designed to carry a special offer package; to aid the retailer a selection of labels would also be included[6]

In an unprecedented move, all of the World Music labels co-ordinated together and developed a compilation cassette for the cover of the music magazine NME. The New Musical Express (better known as the NME) is a Popular music Magazine in the United Kingdom which has been The overall running time was ninety minutes, each package containing a mini-catalogue showing the other releases on offer. This was a smart move as NME reader are often seen as discerning listeners and it was important step to get them on board.

By the time of that second meeting it was becoming clear that in order for the campaign to be successful, it should have its own dedicated press officer. They would be able to juggle the various deadlines and also be able to sell the music as a concept to not just the national stations but also regional DJs who were keen to expand the variety of music they could offer. A disc jockey (also known as DJ or deejay) is a person who selects and plays recorded music for an audience They were seen as a key resource as it was important for 'World Music' to be seen as something which could be important to people outside London - most regions after all had a similarly rich folk heritage which could be tapped into. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. A cost effective way of achieving all this would be a leafleting campaign.

The next step was to develop a World Music chart, gathering together selling information from around fifty shops, so that it would finally be possible to see which were big sellers in the genre - allowing new listeners to see what was particularly popular. It was agreed that the NME could again be involved in printing the chart and also Music Week and the London listings magazine City Limits. A listings magazine is a magazine which contains information about the upcoming weeks events such as TV Listings, Music, Clubs, Theatre ----The term city limits (or city boundary) refers to the defined boundary of a City. It was also suggested that Andy Kershaw might be persuaded to do a run down of this chart on his show regularly. Andy Kershaw (born November 9 1959 in Rochdale, Lancashire) is a British broadcaster

WOMAD logo
WOMAD logo

And so October of 1987 was designated 'World Music' month. World of Music Arts and Dance ( WOMAD) is a festival started in Shepton Mallet, England in 1982 A music festival, 'Crossing the Border' was held at the Town & Country Club, London and it was the start of the winter season for both WOMAD and Arts Worldwide. World of Music Arts and Dance ( WOMAD) is a festival started in Shepton Mallet, England in 1982 The main press release stressed the issues inherent in the campaign:

"Since the early Eighties the enthusiasm for music from 'outside' Western pop culture has been steadily mounting. More and more international artists, many of whom are big stars in their own countries, are coming here on tour. They started off, like The Bhundu Boys, playing small clubs and pubs, but now many acts are so popular that they are packing out larger venues. The Bhundu Boys were a Zimbabwean band that played a mixture of Chimurenga music with American Rock and roll, Disco, country, and
"The excitement and word-of-mouth appeal is backed up by radio - World of Music on Voice of America, Transpacific Sound Paradise on WFMU, The Planet on Australia's ABC Radio National, DJ Edu presenting D. Voice of America ( VOA) is the official external radio and Television broadcasting service of the United States federal government. WFMU is a listener-supported non-commercial Radio station based in Jersey City New Jersey, broadcasting at 91 The Planet is a Swedish documentary film on environmental issues released in 2006. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. ABC Radio National is an Australia-wide Radio network broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation with many various programs involving News and N. A: DestiNation Africa on BBC Radio 1Xtra, Adil Ray on the BBC Asian Network, Andy Kershaw's show on BBC Radio 3 and Charlie Gillett's show[7] on the BBC World Service to name but seven. Adil Ray, a British Radio and Television Presenter, born 26 April 1974 in Birmingham, England of Kenyan Pakistani Andy Kershaw (born November 9 1959 in Rochdale, Lancashire) is a British broadcaster Charlie Gillett (born February 20, 1942) is a British Radio presenter and writer and in recent years has become one of the country's most influential . . and the demand for recordings of non-Western artists is surely growing. This is where the problems can start for the potential buyer of 'World Music' albums - the High Street record shop hasn't got the particular record, or even a readily identifiable section to browse through, it doesn't show in any of the published charts, and at this point all but the most tenacious give up - and who can blame them?"

Another factor to raise the profile of world music was the founding of the Real World Records label by Peter Gabriel in 1988. Real World Records is a record label started in 1989 by Peter Gabriel to help promote World music. Peter Brian Gabriel (born 13 February 1950 in Chobham, Surrey, England) is an English Musician and Songwriter. Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) His well-known name brought attention of the artists whose work he released, such as Pakistani qawwali singer Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan. Qawwali ( Urdu / Persian: قوٌالی; Punjabi / Multani: ਖ਼ਵ੍ਵਾਲੀ قوٌالی Brajbhasha / Hindi Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan ( نصرت فتح على خاں, born October 13 1948, died August 16, 1997) was a Pakistani

A. R. Rahman, a Sony Bmg Music Artist,from India is well known World Music Artist.

Today, mainstream music has adopted many of the features of world music, and artists such as Shakira and the members of the Buena Vista Social Club have reached a much wider audience. Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll (born February 2 1977 known simply as Shakira The Buena Vista Social Club was a members club in Havana, Cuba that held dances and musical activities becoming a popular location for musicians to meet At the same time world music has been influenced by hip hop, pop and jazz. Hip hop music, also referred to as rap music, is a Music genre typically consisting of a rhythmic vocal style called rap which is accompanied with Pop music as a genre features a noticeable rhythmic element catchy melodies and hooks, a mainstream style and conventional structure Jazz is an American Musical art form which originated in the beginning of the 20th century in African American communities in the Southern United States Even heavy metal bands such as Tool and Nile have incorporated world music into their own. Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. Nile is a brutal / Technical death metal band from Greenville, South Carolina that assembled in 1993 Some entertainers who cross over to recording from film and television will often start with World music; Steven Seagal is a recent example. Songs from the Crystal Cave is a 2005 album by Steven Seagal, his first

World music radio programs these days will often be playing African hip hop or reggae artists, crossover Bhangra and Latin American jazz groups, etc. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Crossover is a term applied to Musical works or performers appearing on two or more of the Record charts which track differing musical tastes or genres Bhangra (ਭੰਗੜਾ pa-PK بھنگڑا pə̀ŋgɽäː is a lively form of music and dance that originated in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India Public radio and webcasting are an important way for music enthusiasts all over the world to hear the enormous diversity of sounds and styles which, collectively, amount to World Music. Public broadcasting refers to radio television and other electronic media outlets that receive some or all of their funding from the public A webcast is a media file distributed over the Internet using Streaming media technology The BBC, NPR, and ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) are rich sources for World Music where it is possible to listen online as well as read about the artists and history of this genre. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster.

Criticisms of the term

Some musicians and curators of music have come to dislike the term "world music". To these critics, "world music" is a parochial, catchall marketing term for non-western music of all genres. On October 3, 1999, David Byrne, the founder of the Luaka Bop music label, wrote an editorial in The New York Times entitled I Hate World Music[8] explaining his objections to the term. Luaka Bop is a World music -oriented Record label established by David Byrne, former guitarist/singer/songwriter of the Art rock / new wave Byrne argued that the labeling and categorization of other cultures as "exotic" serves to attract an insincere consumership and deter other potential consumers.

Awards for World Music 2005

Main article: World music (Awards)

World music awards are awards presented by broadcasting organizations such as the [BBC] and others to World music artists. World music awards are awards presented by broadcasting organizations such as the BBC and others to World music artists The BBC presents awards every year. The hosts for the Awards for World Music 2005 Poll Winners' Concert were Eliza Carthy and Benjamin Zephaniah. Eliza Carthy (born August 23, 1975 in Scarborough, North Yorkshire) is an English folk musician known for both singing Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah (born 15 April 1958, Coleshill Birmingham, England is a British Rastafarian writer and dub poet

Festivals

There are many World Music festivals and jazz/folk/roots/new age crossover events. A small selection is represented here:

Germany

Music labels

See also

Notes and sources

  1. ^ Nidel 2004, p.2
  2. ^ Bohlman 2002, Nidel 2004, p. Black & White Records was a Los Angeles California based record company, active in recording Blues and Green Linnet Records is an Independent record label specializing in music loosely grouped as 'Celtic' Rykodisc Records is an American Record label, owned by Warner Music Group. Hannibal Records was a Record label and one of the first to work with the World music genre Chesky Records is a Record label aimed primarily at Audiophiles. Musart Records is the name of several different Record labels that have issued records at various times in the 20th century Six Degrees Records produces and markets accessible genre-bending records that explore world music traditions modern dance grooves electronic music and overlooked pop gems Shanachie Records was founded in 1976 by Richard Nevins and Dan Collins Sublime Frequencies is a Record label that focuses exclusively on "acquiring and exposing obscure sights and sounds from modern and traditional urban and rural frontiers" Cultural genres By ethnicity or origin Ainu Indigenous Australian Chamorro Maori Crossover is a term applied to Musical works or performers appearing on two or more of the Record charts which track differing musical tastes or genres New Age music is peaceful Music of various styles which is intended to create inspiration relaxation and positive feelings often used by listeners for Yoga, Ethnic electronica (also known as ethno electronica or ethno techno) combines elements of electronic and World music and was developed in the Global Rhythm is a monthly music and lifestyle magazine featuring coverage of World music, film cuisine and travel 3
  3. ^ fRoots magazine, quoted in N'Dour 2004, p. 1
  4. ^ Songlines magazine
  5. ^ World Music Central, p. Songlines are also called Dreaming tracks by Indigenous Australians. 12
  6. ^ presumably for shelf or rack edging.
  7. ^ bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/wmusic
  8. ^ I Hate World Music editorial by David Byrne in the New York Times
  9. ^ Interfaith Works
  10. ^ BBC - Radio 3 - WOMAD 2005
  11. ^ Festival in the Desert - Artist Detail Information
  12. ^ [1]
  13. ^ Homepage

Bibliography

External links

Radio
Directories and portals
Documentaries and research
Press
World Music Fairs
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