William Lloyd Garrison

William Lloyd Garrison (12 December 1805 – 24 May 1879) was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts and was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Abolitionism was a political movement of the 18th and 19th century which sought to make Slavery illegal particularly in the United States and British West Indies He is best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. The American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870 was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan.

Early life

Garrison was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts, the son of immigrants from the Canadian province of New Brunswick. Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Under the Seaman’s Protection act, Abijah Garrison, a merchant sailing pilot and master, had obtained American papers and moved his family to Newburyport in 1805. With the impact of the Congressional Embargo Act of 1807 on commercial shipping, the elder Garrison became unemployed and deserted the family in 1808. The Embargo Act " was a series of laws passed by the Congress of the United States between the years 1806-1808 during the second term of President Thomas Garrison's mother, Frances Maria Lloyd, was reported to have been tall, charming and of a strong religious character. At her request, Garrison was known by his middle name, Lloyd. She died in 1823.

Young Lloyd Garrison sold homemade molasses candy and delivered wood to help support the family. Molasses or Treacle is a thick Syrup by-product from the processing of the Sugarcane or Sugar beet into Sugar. In 1818, at thirteen, Garrison began working as an apprentice compositor for the Newburyport Herald. He soon began writing articles, often under the pseudonym Aristides, taking the name of an Athenian statesman and general known as “the Just. Aristides or Aristeides ( Greek, 530–468 BC was an Athenian soldier and statesman ” After his apprenticeship ended, he and a young printer named Isaac Knapp bought their own newspaper, the short lived Free Press. One of their regular contributors was poet and abolitionist John Greenleaf Whittier. John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17 1807 &ndash September 7 1892 was an influential American Quaker Poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of Slavery In this early work as a small town newspaper writer, Garrison acquired skills he would later use as a nationally known writer, speaker and newspaper publisher. In 1828, he was appointed editor of the National Philanthropist in Boston, Massachusetts, the first American journal to promote legally mandated temperance.

Career as a reformer

When he was 25, Garrison joined the Abolition movement. For a brief time he became associated with the American Colonization Society, an organization that believed free blacks should immigrate to a territory on the west coast of Africa. The American Colonization Society (in full The Society for the Colonization of Free People of Color of America was an organization that helped in founding Liberia, a Colony Although some members of the society encouraged granting freedom to slaves, the majority saw the relocation as a means to reduce the number of free blacks in the United States and thus help preserve the institution of slavery. By 1828, Garrison had rejected the Society's programs.

Genius of Universal Emancipation

Garrison soon became involved with the opposition to slavery, writing for and then becoming co-editor with Benjamin Lundy of the Quaker Genius of Universal Emancipation newspaper in Baltimore, Maryland. As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another Benjamin Lundy ( January 4, 1789 &ndash August 22, 1839) was an American Quaker Abolitionist who established several anti-slavery The Genius of Universal Emancipation was an Abolitionist newspaper founded in 1821 in Mount Pleasant Ohio by Benjamin Lundy. Garrison's experience as a printer and newspaper editor allowed him to revamp the layout of the paper and freed Lundy to spend more time traveling as an anti-slavery speaker. Garrison initially shared Lundy's gradualist views, but, while working for the Genius, he became convinced of the need to demand immediate and complete emancipation. Lundy and Garrison continued to work together on the paper in spite of their differing views, agreeing simply to sign their editorials to indicate who had written it.

One of the regular features that Garrison introduced during his time at the Genius was "The Black List," a column devoted to printing short reports of "the barbarities of slavery — kidnappings, whippings, murders. " One of Garrison's "Black List" columns reported that a shipper from Garrison's home town of Newburyport, Massachusetts — one Francis Todd — was involved in the slave trade, and that he had recently had slaves shipped from Baltimore to New Orleans on his ship Francis. Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana Todd filed a suit for libel against both Garrison and Lundy, filing in Maryland in order to secure the favor of pro-slavery courts. The state of Maryland also brought criminal charges against Garrison, quickly finding him guilty and ordering him to pay a fine of $50 and court costs. (Charges against Lundy were dropped on the grounds that he had been traveling and not in control of the newspaper when the story was printed. ) Garrison was unable to pay the fine and was sentenced to a jail term of six months. He was released after seven weeks when the antislavery philanthropist Arthur Tappan donated the money for the fine, but Garrison had decided to leave Baltimore and he and Lundy amicably agreed to part ways. Arthur Tappan ( May 22, 1786 &ndash July 23, 1865) was an American Abolitionist.

The Liberator

In 1831, Garrison returned to New England and founded a weekly anti-slavery newspaper of his own, The Liberator. Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. In the first issue, Garrison stated:

I am aware that many object to the severity of my language; but is there not cause for severity? I will be as harsh as truth, and as uncompromising as justice. On this subject, I do not wish to think, or to speak, or write, with moderation. No! no! Tell a man whose house is on fire to give a moderate alarm; tell him to moderately rescue his wife from the hands of the ravisher; tell the mother to gradually extricate her babe from the fire into which it has fallen; – but urge me not to use moderation in a cause like the present. I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD. The apathy of the people is enough to make every statue leap from its pedestal, and to hasten the resurrection of the dead.

– William Lloyd Garrison, “To the Public,” from the Inaugural Editorial in the 1 January 1831 The Liberator^[1]

Initial circulation of the Liberator was relatively limited -- there were fewer than 400 subscriptions during the paper's second year. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. However, the publication gained subscribers and influence over the next three decades, until, after the end of the Civil War and the abolition of slavery nation-wide by the Thirteenth Amendment, Garrison published the last issue (number 1,820) on December 29, 1865, writing in his "Valedictory" column,

Commencing my editorial career when only twenty years of age, I have followed it continuously till I have attained my sixtieth year—first, in connection with The Free Press, in Newburyport, in the spring of 1826; next, with The National Philanthropist, in Boston, in 1827; next, with The Journal of the Times, in Bennington, Vt. The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished and continues to prohibit Slavery, and with limited exceptions such as those Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year , in 1828–9; next, with The Genius of Universal Emancipation, in Baltimore, in 1829–30; and, finally, with the Liberator, in Boston, from the 1st of January, 1831, to the 1st of January, 1866;—at the start, probably the youngest member of the editorial fraternity in the land, now, perhaps, the oldest, not in years, but in continuous service,—unless Mr. Bryant, of the New York Evening Post, be an exception. The Genius of Universal Emancipation was an Abolitionist newspaper founded in 1821 in Mount Pleasant Ohio by Benjamin Lundy. William Cullen Bryant (November 3 1794 - June 12 1878 was an American romantic poet, journalist and long-time editor of the New York Evening Post. The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually . . . The object for which the Liberator was commenced—the extermination of chattel slavery—having been gloriously consummated, it seems to me specially appropriate to let its existence cover the historic period of the great struggle; leaving what remains to be done to complete the work of emancipation to other instrumentalities, (of which I hope to avail myself,) under new auspices, with more abundant means, and with millions instead of hundreds for allies.

– William Lloyd Garrison, Valedictory: The Last Number of The Liberator, December 29, 1865. ^[2]

Organizations and controversy

In 1832, Garrison founded the New-England Anti-Slavery Society. Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian The New England Anti-Slavery Society was formed by William Lloyd Garrison, editor of The Liberator, in 1831 The next year, he co-founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. The American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870 was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. That same year, 1833, Garrison also visited the United Kingdom and assisted in the anti-slavery movement there. Year 1833 ( MDCCCXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located He intended that the Anti-Slavery Society should not align itself with any political party and that women should be allowed full participation in society activities. Garrison was influenced by the ideas of Susan Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Lucy Stone and other feminists who joined the society. Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15, 1820 &ndash March 13, 1906) was a prominent American Civil rights leader who played Elizabeth Cady Stanton (November 12 1815 &ndash October 26 1902 was an American social activist and leading figure of the early woman's movement. Lucretia Coffin Mott ( January 3, 1793 – November 11, 1880) was an American Quaker minister, Abolitionist, Lucy Stone ( August 13, 1818 &ndash October 19, 1893) was a prominent American Suffragist. These positions were seen as controversial by the majority of Society members and there was a major rift in the Society. In 1839, two brothers, Arthur Tappan and Lewis Tappan, left and formed a rival organization, the American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society which did not admit women. Arthur Tappan ( May 22, 1786 &ndash July 23, 1865) was an American Abolitionist. Lewis Tappan (1788 - 1873 was a New York Abolitionist who was most responsible in making sure the Africans of the Amistad had their freedom The American and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society split off from the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1840 over a number of issues including the increasing influence of A segment of the Society also withdrew and aligned itself with the newly founded Liberty Party, a political organization which named James G. Birney as its Presidential candidate. James Gillespie Birney (b February 4, 1792 &ndash November 25, 1857) was an Abolitionist, Politician and Jurist By the end of 1840, Garrison announced the formation of a third new organization, the Friends of Universal Reform, with sponsors and founding members including prominent reformers Maria Chapman, Abby Kelley Foster, Oliver Johnson, and Bronson Alcott (father of Louisa May Alcott). Maria Weston or Maria Weston Chapman ( July 24, 1806 &ndash1885 was an American Abolitionist. Abby Kelley (Abby Kelley Foster ( January 15, 1811 &ndash January 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist and radical social Amos Bronson Alcott (November 29 1799 &ndash March 4 1888 was an American teacher and writer Louisa May Alcott ( November 29, 1832 – March 6, 1888) was an American Novelist.

Meanwhile, on September 4, 1834, Garrison married Helen Eliza Benson (1811-1876), the daughter of a retired abolitionist merchant. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The couple had five sons and two daughters, of whom a son and a daughter died as children.

In 1853, Garrison credited Reverend John Rankin of Ohio as a primary influence on his career, calling him his "anti-slavery father" and saying that Rankin's ". Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common John Rankin ( February 4, 1793 &ndash March 18, 1886) was an American Presbyterian minister, educator and abolitionist Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads . . book on slavery was the cause of my entering the anti-slavery conflict. " (Hagedorn, p. 58)

William Lloyd Garrison, engraving from 1879 newspaper

Garrison made a name for himself as one of the most articulate, as well as most radical, opponents of slavery. His approach to emancipation stressed nonviolence and passive resistance, and he attracted a vocal following. While some other abolitionists of the time favored gradual emancipation, Garrison argued for "immediate and complete emancipation of all slaves".

Garrison and The Liberator were ardently supported by the Boston Female Anti-Slavery Society, which held meetings, sponsored lectures, and helped to strengthen the female anti-slavery network throughout the Northeast.

When someone attending one of Garrison's speeches objected that slavery was protected by the United States Constitution, Garrison replied that if this was true, then the Constitution should be burnt. The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. Garrison had a long close history with Frederick Douglass but the two eventually had differences regarding the value of the United States Constitution, which Garrison called a "covenant with death and an agreement with Hell. Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14 1818 February 20 1895 was an American abolitionist, editor, Orator The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. " Douglass had originally shared Garrison's anti-Constitution views, but he later came to be convinced, by the arguments of Lysander Spooner and Gerrit Smith, that the Constitution mandated emancipation, while Garrison burned copies of it publicly, calling it a pro-slavery document. Gerrit Smith ( March 6, 1797 &ndash December 28, 1874) was a leading United States social reformer Abolitionist, The two men parted company and did not reconcile until the 1870s.

Garrison's outspoken anti-slavery views repeatedly put him in danger. Besides his imprisonment in Baltimore, the government of the State of Georgia offered a reward of $5,000 for his arrest, and he received numerous and frequent death threats. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule

One of the most controversial events in pre-Civil War Boston history resulted from an Anti-Slavery Society lecture. In the fall of 1835, the society invited George Thompson, a fiery British abolitionist, to address them. George Donisthorpe Thompson ( 18 June, 1804 - 7 October, 1878) was a British antislavery When Thompson was unable to attend, Garrison agreed to take his place. An unruly mob threatened to storm the building in search of Thompson. The Mayor and police persuaded the Boston Female Anti-Slavery members to leave. The mob, however, pursued Garrison through the streets of Boston. Garrison was rescued from lynching and lodged overnight in the Leverett Street Jail before leaving the city for several weeks.

Garrison occasionally allowed essays in The Liberator from others, including 14-year-old Anna Dickinson, who in 1856 wrote an impassioned article pleading for emancipation of the slaves. Anna Elizabeth Dickinson ( October 28, 1842 – October 22, 1932) was an American orator and lecturer

After abolition

After the abolition of slavery in the United States, Garrison continued working on other reform movements, especially temperance and women's suffrage. See also Prohibition, Teetotalism The Temperance Movement attempted to reduce the amount of Alcohol consumed within a community or society in Beginnings Lydia Chapin (Taft (February 2 1712 – November 9 1778 was a forerunner of women's suffrage in Colonial He ended the run of The Liberator at the end of 1865, and in May 1865, announced that he would resign the Presidency of the American Anti-Slavery Society and proposed a resolution to declare victory in the struggle against slavery and dissolve the Society. The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The American Anti-Slavery Society (1833-1870 was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison and Arthur Tappan. The resolution prompted sharp debate, however, by critics — led by his long-time ally Wendell Phillips — who argued that the mission of the AAS was not fully completed until black Southerners gained full political and civil equality. Wendell Phillips ( 29 November 1811 &ndash 2 February 1884) was an American Abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans Garrison maintained that while complete civil equality was vitally important, the special task of the AAS was at an end, and that the new task would best be handled by new organizations and new leadership. With his long-time allies deeply divided, however, he was unable to muster the support he needed to carry the resolution, and the motion was defeated 118-48. Garrison went through with his resignation, declining an offer to continue as President, and Wendell Phillips assumed the Presidency of the AAS. Garrison declared that "My vocation, as an Abolitionist, thank God, has ended. " Returning home to Boston, he told his wife resignedly, "So be it. I regard the whole thing as ridiculous. " He withdrew completely from the AAS, which continued to operate for five more years, until the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The Fifteenth Amendment ( Amendment XV) of the United States Constitution prohibits each government in the United States to prevent a citizen from voting based on that (According to Henry Mayer, Garrison was hurt by the rejection, and remained peeved for years; "as the cycle came around, always managed to tell someone that he was not going to the next set of [AAS] meetings" [594]. )

After his withdrawal from AAS and the end of The Liberator, Garrison continued to participate in public debate and to support reform causes, devoting special attention to the causes of feminism and of civil rights for blacks. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate Negro is a term referring to people of Black African ancestry During the 1870s, he made several speaking tours, contributed columns on Reconstruction and civil rights for the The Independent and the Boston Journal, took a position as associate editor and frequent contributor with the Woman's Journal, and participated in the American Woman Suffrage Association with his old allies Abby Kelley and Lucy Stone. Events and Trends Technology The invention of the prototype telephone by Alexander G The American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA was formed in November 1869 in response to a split in the American Equal Rights Association over the Fifteenth Amendment to Abby Kelley (Abby Kelley Foster ( January 15, 1811 &ndash January 14, 1887) was an American abolitionist and radical social Lucy Stone ( August 13, 1818 &ndash October 19, 1893) was a prominent American Suffragist. While working with the AWSA in 1873, he finally healed his long estrangements from Frederick Douglass and Wendell Phillips, affectionately reuniting with them on the platform at an AWSA rally organized by Kelly and Stone on the one hundredth anniversary of the Boston Tea Party (Mayer 614). Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14 1818 February 20 1895 was an American abolitionist, editor, Orator Wendell Phillips ( 29 November 1811 &ndash 2 February 1884) was an American Abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans The Boston Tea Party was an act of Direct action protest by the American colonists against the British Government in which they destroyed many When Charles Sumner died in 1874, some Republicans suggested Garrison as a possible successor to his Senate seat; Garrison declined on grounds of his moral opposition to taking government office (Mayer 618). Charles Sumner (January 6 1811 &ndash March 11 1874 was an American politician and statesman from Massachusetts. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Garrison spent more time at home with his family, writing weekly letters to his children, and caring for his increasingly ill wife, who had suffered a small stroke on 30 December 1863 and was increasingly confined to the house. Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1863 ( MDCCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Helen died on January 25, 1876, after a severe cold worsened into pneumonia. Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate Year 1876 ( MDCCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Pneumonia is an inflammatory illness of the Lung. Frequently it is described as lung Parenchyma / alveolar inflammation and abnormal A quiet funeral was held in the Garrison home, but Garrison, overcome with grief and confined to his bedroom with a fever and severe bronchitis, was unable to join the service downstairs. Wendell Phillips gave a eulogy and many of Garrison's old abolitionist friends joined him upstairs to offer their private condolences. Wendell Phillips ( 29 November 1811 &ndash 2 February 1884) was an American Abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans Garrison recovered slowly from the loss of his wife, and began to attend Spiritualist circles in the hope of communicating with Helen (Mayer 621). Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 Garrison made a final visit to England in 1877, where he visited George Thompson and other old friends from the British abolitionist movement (Mayer 622). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common George Donisthorpe Thompson ( 18 June, 1804 - 7 October, 1878) was a British antislavery

Garrison, ailing from kidney disease, continued to weaken during April 1879, and went to live with his daughter Fanny's family in New York City. The City of New York In late May his condition worsened, and his five surviving children rushed to join him. Fanny asked if he would enjoy singing some hymns, and although Garrison was unable to sing, his children sang his favorite hymns for him while he beat time with his hands and feet. On Saturday morning, Garrison lost consciousness, and died just before midnight on May 24, 1879 (Mayer 626). Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Garrison was buried in the Forest Hills Cemetery in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts on May 28, 1879, after a public memorial service with eulogies by Theodore Dwight Weld and Wendell Phillips. Forest Hills Cemetery in the Forest Hills area of Jamaica Plain Massachusetts (a primarily residential section of Boston) is a historic Cemetery Jamaica Plain, commonly known as JP, is a historic neighborhood of 4 Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Theodore Dwight Weld ( November 23, 1803 – February 3, 1895) was one of the leading architects of the American abolitionist Wendell Phillips ( 29 November 1811 &ndash 2 February 1884) was an American Abolitionist, advocate for Native Americans Eight abolitionist friends, both white and black, served as his pallbearers. Flags were flown at half-staff all across Boston (Mayer 67-628). Frederick Douglass, then employed as a United States Marshal, spoke in memory of Garrison at a memorial service in a church in Washington, D.C., saying "It was the glory of this man that he could stand alone with the truth, and calmly await the result" (Mayer 631). Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, February 14 1818 February 20 1895 was an American abolitionist, editor, Orator Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D

Surviving family

Garrison's son, also named William Lloyd Garrison (1838-1909), was a prominent advocate of the single tax, free trade, woman's suffrage, and of the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law passed on May 6 1882 following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868 A second son, Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840-1907), was literary editor of the New York Nation from 1865 to 1906. Wendell Phillips Garrison (1840-1907 was an American editor and author This article is about the US Publication. For other newspapers magazines and alternate uses by the same name see The Nation (disambiguation. Two other sons (George Thompson Garrison and Francis Jackson Garrison, his biographer) and a daughter (Helen Frances Garrison) survived him.

Honoring Garrison's 200th birthday, in December 2005 his descendants gathered in Boston for the first family reunion in about a century. They discussed the legacy and impact of their most notable family member.

He became famous for his 1,820 issues of "The Liberator"

Quotations

Photograph of Garrison

• "I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – I WILL BE HEARD. " (See above)
• "had not a drop of anti-slavery blood in his veins. William Lloyd Garrison ( December 12 1805 – May 24 1879) was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer " (regarding Abraham Lincoln)
• "I accuse the land of my nativity of insulting the majesty of Heaven with the grossest mockery that was ever exhibited to man. "^[3]
• "With reasonable men, I will reason; with humane men I will plead; but to tyrants I will give no quarter, nor waste arguments where they will certainly be lost. " Life. Vol. i. Page 188.
• "Our country is the world, our countrymen are all mankind. We love the land of our nativity, only as we love all other lands. The interests, rights, and liberties of American citizens are no more dear to us than are those of the whole human race. Hence we can allow no appeal to patriotism, to revenge any national insult or injury. "^[4]

Works online

• Address to the Colonization Society, a Fourth of July oration delivered in 1829 at the Park Street Church in Boston. The Park Street Church in Boston Massachusetts is an active Conservative Congregational Church at the corner of Tremont Street and Park Street This was Garrison's first major public statement against slavery.
• An Address Delivered in Marlboro Chapel, a Fourth of July oration delivered in 1838, discussing Garrison's views of slave rebellion and the prospects for violence. From the Antislavery Literature Project.
• To the Public, Garrison's introductory column for The Liberator (January 1, 1831). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a
• Truisms, from The Liberator (January 8, 1831). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 871 - Battle of Ashdown - Ethelred of Wessex defeats a Danish invasion army Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a
• The Insurrection, Garrison's reaction to news of Nat Turner's rebellion, in The Liberator (September 3, 1831). Nat Turner (Nathaniel Turner October 2 1800 – November 11 1831 was an American slave who started the largest slave rebellion in the Antebellum The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a
• On the Constitution and the Union, from The Liberator (December 29, 1832). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1832 ( MDCCCXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian
• Declaration of Sentiments, adopted by the Boston Peace Convention (September 18, 1838), reprinted in The Liberator (September 28, 1838). Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
• Abolition at the Ballot Box, from The Liberator (June 28, 1839). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 1098 - Fighters of the First Crusade defeat Kerbogha of Mosul. Year 1839 ( MDCCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common
• The American Union, from The Liberator (January 10, 1845). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon, signaling the start of civil war. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• The Tragedy at Harper's Ferry, Garrison's first public commentary on John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry, from The Liberator (October 28, 1859). John Brown (May 9 1800 December 2 1859 was an American Abolitionist who advocated and practiced armed Insurrection as a means to end all Slavery Harpers Ferry redirects here For other uses see Harpers Ferry (disambiguation. The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 306 - Maxentius is proclaimed Roman Emperor. 312 - Battle of Milvian Bridge: Constantine Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• John Brown and the Principle of Nonresistance, a speech given for a meeting in the Tremont Temple, Boston, on December 2, 1859, the day that John Brown was hanged. Events 1409 - The University of Leipzig opens 1755 - The second Eddystone Lighthouse is destroyed by fire Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Reprinted in The Liberator (December 16, 1859). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• The War—Its Cause and Cure, from The Liberator (May 3, 1861). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 1491 - Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries adopting the baptismal name of João Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
• Valedictory: The Final Number of The Liberator, closing column for The Liberator (December 29, 1865). The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831. Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1865 ( MDCCCLXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year
• No Union With Slaveholders
• William Lloyd Garrison works Cornell University Library Samuel J. May Anti-Slavery Collection
• William Lloyd Garrison works reprinted by Cornell University Digital Library Collections.
• The Liberator Files, Horace Seldon's collection and summary of research of William Lloyd Garrison's The Liberator original copies at the Boston Public Library, Boston, Massachusetts. The Liberator was an abolitionist newspaper founded by William Lloyd Garrison in 1831.

References

Bibliography

• Abzug, Robert H. Cosmos Crumbling: American Reform and the Religious Imagination. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994. ISBN 0-19-503752-9.
• Hagedorn, Ann. Beyond The River: The Untold Story of the Heroes of the Underground Railroad. Simon & Schuster, 2002. ISBN 0-684-87065-7.
• Mayer, Henry. All on Fire: William Lloyd Garrison and the Abolition of Slavery. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998. ISBN 0-312-25367-2.
• Laurie, Bruce Beyond Garrison. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-521-60517-2.
• Rodriguez, Junius P. , ed. Encyclopedia of Emancipation and Abolition in the Transatlantic World. (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2007)

External links

• http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USASgarrison.htm
• http://www.nps.gov/boaf/williamlloydgarrison.htm
• http://www.theliberatorfiles.com