| William Joseph Hardee | |
|---|---|
| October 12, 1815 – November 6, 1873 | |
 | |
| Nickname | "Old Reliable" |
| Place of birth | Camden County, Georgia |
| Place of death | Wytheville, Virginia |
| Allegiance | United States of America, Confederate States of America |
| Years of service | 1838–61 (U. Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Camden County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. Wytheville is a town in Wythe County, Virginia, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 S. A), 1861–65 (C. S. A) |
| Rank | Lieutenant General |
| Battles/wars | Second Seminole War Mexican-American War -Siege of Veracruz American Civil War - Battle of Shiloh - Battle of Perryville - Battle of Stones River - Battle of Chattanooga III - Battle of Bentonville |
William Joseph Hardee (October 12, 1815 – November 6, 1873) was a career U.S. Army officer who became a Confederate general in the American Civil War. Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the The Second Seminole War, also known as the Florida War, was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively The Battle of Veracruz was a 20-day Siege of the key Mexican seaport of Veracruz, during the Mexican-American War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Background and opposing forces After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862 Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew Kentucky Campaign of 1862 Situated between the Southern states of Tennessee and Virginia and the Northern states of Illinois The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro (in the South, simply the Battle of Murfreesboro) was fought from December The Third Battle of Chattanooga (popularly known as The Battle of Chattanooga, and including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of The Battle of Bentonville was fought March 19 &ndash 21, 1865, in Bentonville North Carolina, near the current town of Four Oaks Events 539 BC - The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon. Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 355 - Roman Emperor Constantius II promotes his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar, entrusting him with Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South
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Early years
Hardee was born to Sarah Ellis and Major John Hardee at the "Rural Felicity" estate in Camden County, Georgia. Camden County is a County located in the US state of Georgia. He graduated from the U.S. Military Academy in 1838 (26th in a class of 45) and was commissioned a second lieutenant in the 2nd U.S. Dragoons. "USMA" redirects here For other uses see USMA (disambiguation The United States Military Academy (also known as USMA, Second Lieutenant is the lowest commissioned officer Military rank in many Armed forces. The 2nd Cavalry Regiment ( 2CR) is a military unit within the United States Army. During the Second Seminole War (1835–42), he was stricken with illness; while hospitalized, he met and married Elizabeth Dummett. The Seminole Wars, also known as the Florida Wars, were three conflicts in Florida between various groups of Native Americans collectively known as After he recovered, the Army sent him to France to study military tactics. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
In the Mexican-American War, Hardee served in the Army of Occupation under Zachary Taylor and won two brevet promotions (to brevet major for Medelin and Vera Cruz, and to lieutenant colonel for St. The Army of Occupation was the name of the US Army commanded by Zachary Taylor during the Mexican-American War. Zachary Taylor (November 24 1784 &ndash July 9 1850 was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. In the UK and US military brevet referred to a warrant authorizing a Commissioned officer to hold a higher rank temporarily but usually without receiving Please see " Major " for other countries that use this rank In the United States, Major is a Military rank denotes Lieutenant Colonel ( Lieutenant-Colonel in English from the French grade 's spelling is a rank of Commissioned officer in the armies Augustin). He was captured at Carricitos Ranch, Texas, and was wounded at La Rosia, Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. After the war, he led units of Texas Rangers and soldiers in Texas. The Texas Ranger Division, commonly called the Texas Rangers, is a law enforcement agency with statewide Jurisdiction based in Austin, the
After his wife died in 1853, he returned to West Point as a tactics instructor and served as commandant of cadets from 1856 to 1860. He served as the senior major in the 2nd U. S. Cavalry (later renamed the 5th U.S. Cavalry) when that regiment was formed in 1855 and then the lieutenant colonel of the 1st U.S. Cavalry just before the war. The 5th Cavalry Regiment is a historical unit of the United States Army that began its service in the decade prior to the American Civil War and continues in modified The 1st Cavalry Regiment is a unit in the United States Army which has its antecedents in the early 19th Century in the formation of the United States Regiment of Dragoons In 1855 at the behest of Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, Hardee published Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics for the Exercise and Manoeuvres of Troops When Acting as Light Infantry or Riflemen, popularly known as Hardee's Tactics, which became the best-known drill manual of the Civil War. The Secretary of War was a member of the United States President's Cabinet, beginning with George Washington 's administration Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the
Civil War
Hardee resigned his U. S. Army commission on January 31, 1861, after his home state of Georgia seceded from the Union. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Secession (derived from the Latin term secessio is the act of withdrawing from an organization union or especially a political entity During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three He joined the Confederate States Army as a colonel in March and was given command of Forts Morgan and Gaines in Alabama. The War Department was established by the Confederate Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. Colonel ( RP ˈkɜnəl GA ˈkɜrnəl is a Military rank of a Commissioned officer, with corresponding ranks existing in almost every country He was subsequently promoted to brigadier general (June 17) and major general (October 7). Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. Events 1462 - Vlad III the Impaler attempts to assassinate Mehmed II ( The Night Attack) forcing him to retreat Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) By October 10, 1862, he was one of the first Confederate lieutenant generals. Events 680 - Battle of Karbala: Shia Imam Husayn bin Ali, the grandson of the Prophet Muhammad, is decapitated Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Lieutenant General is a Military rank used in many countries The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages where the title of Lieutenant General was held by the His initial assignment as a general was to organize a brigade of Arkansas regiments and he impressed his men and fellow officers by solving difficult supply problems and for the thorough training he gave his brigade. He received his nickname, "Old Reliable", in this command. He operated in Arkansas until he was called to join General Albert Sidney Johnston's Army of Mississippi as a corps commander for the Battle of Shiloh. There were three organizations known as the Army of Mississippi in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. Background and opposing forces After the losses of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February 1862 Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston withdrew He was wounded there in the arm on April 6, 1862. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday Johnston was killed at Shiloh and Hardee's corps joined General Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee. Braxton Bragg (March 22 1817 &ndash September 27 1876 was a career United States Army officer and then a General in the Confederate States Army, a The Army of Tennessee was the principal Confederate army operating between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River during the
At Perryville in September 1862, Hardee commanded the Left Wing of Bragg's army. Kentucky Campaign of 1862 Situated between the Southern states of Tennessee and Virginia and the Northern states of Illinois In his arguably most successful battle, Stones River in December, his Second Corps launched a massive surprise assault that drove Maj. The Battle of Stones River or Second Battle of Murfreesboro (in the South, simply the Battle of Murfreesboro) was fought from December Gen. William S. Rosecrans's army almost to defeat. William Starke Rosecrans ( September 6, 1819 &ndash March 11, 1898) was an inventor coal-oil company executive diplomat politician and After the Tullahoma Campaign, Hardee lost patience with the irascible Bragg and briefly commanded the Department of Mississippi and East Louisiana under General Joseph E. Johnston. The Battle of Hoover's Gap was the principal battle fought in the Tullahoma Campaign (also known as the Middle Tennessee Campaign) of the American Civil War Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3 1807 &ndash March 21 1891 was a career U During this period, he met Mary Foreman Lewis, an Alabama plantation owner, and married her in January 1864.
Hardee returned to Bragg's army after the Battle of Chickamauga, taking over the corps of Leonidas Polk at Chattanooga, Tennessee, besieging the Union Army there. Initial movements in the Chickamauga Campaign In his successful Tullahoma Campaign in the summer of 1863 Rosecrans moved southeast from Murfreesboro Tennessee Leonidas Polk ( April 10, 1806 &ndash June 14, 1864) was a Confederate general who was once a planter in Maury County Tennessee At the Battle of Chattanooga in November 1863, Hardee's Corps of the Army of Tennessee was defeated when Union troops under Maj. The Third Battle of Chattanooga (popularly known as The Battle of Chattanooga, and including the Battle of Lookout Mountain and the Battle of Gen. George H. Thomas assaulted their seemingly impregnable defensive lines on Missionary Ridge. George Henry Thomas ( July 31, 1816 &ndash March 28, 1870) was a career United States Army officer and a Union
Hardee renewed his opposition to Braxton Bragg and joined a group of officers who finally convinced Confederate President Jefferson Davis to relieve his old friend. The President of the Confederate States of America was the Head of State and Head of Government of the Confederate States of America, which was formed from Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Joseph E. Johnston took over command of the Army for the Atlanta Campaign in 1864. The Atlanta Campaign was a series of battles fought in the Western Theater throughout northwest Georgia and the area around Atlanta Georgia, As Johnston fought a war of maneuver and retreat against Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman, the Confederacy eventually lost patience with him and replaced him with the much more aggressive Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood. John Bell Hood ( June 1 or June 29, 1831 &ndash August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War Hardee could not abide Hood's reckless assaults and heavy casualties. After the Battle of Jonesboro, he requested a transfer and was sent to command the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida. The Battle of Jonesborough (modern name Jonesboro) was fought August 31 &ndash September 1, 1864, during the Atlanta Campaign South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the He opposed Sherman's March to the Sea as best he could with inadequate forces, eventually evacuating Savannah, Georgia. Sherman's March to the Sea is the name commonly given to the Savannah Campaign conducted in late 1864 by Maj Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. As Sherman turned north in the Carolinas Campaign, Hardee took part in the Battle of Bentonville, North Carolina in March 1865, where his only son was killed in a cavalry charge. The Carolinas Campaign was the final campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. The Battle of Bentonville was fought March 19 &ndash 21, 1865, in Bentonville North Carolina, near the current town of Four Oaks North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States He surrendered along with Johnston to Sherman in April.
Later years
After the war, Hardee settled at his wife's Alabama plantation. After returning it to working condition, the family moved to Selma, Alabama, where Hardee worked in the warehousing and insurance businesses. Selma is a city in and the County seat of Dallas County, Alabama, United States, located on the banks of the Alabama River. He eventually became president of the Selma and Meridian Railroad. He was the co-author of The Irish in America, published in 1868. He fell ill at his family's summer retreat at White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, and died in Wytheville, Virginia. West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Wytheville is a town in Wythe County, Virginia, United States. He is buried in Live Oak Cemetery, Selma.
References
- Eicher, John H. , & Eicher, David J. , Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, ISBN 0-8047-3641-3.
- Warner, Ezra J. , Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1959, ISBN 0-8071-0823-5.
- New Georgia Encyclopedia biography
Further reading
- Hughes, Jr. , Nathaniel Cheairs, "General Willam J. Hardee: Old Reliable", Louisiana State University Press, 1992, ISBN 0-8071-1802-8. [originally published 1965]
External links
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