William Ewart Gladstone (29 December 1809 – 19 May 1898) was a British Liberal Party statesman and Prime Minister (1868–74, 1880–85, 1886 and 1892–94). The Right Honourable (abbreviated as The Rt Hon) is an Honorific prefix that is traditionally applied to certain The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Events 778 - The Battle of Roncevaux Pass, at which Roland is killed Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, PC (7 May 1847 &ndash 21 May 1929 was a British Liberal Statesman and Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title Year 1880 ( MDCCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 755 - An Lushan revolts against Chancellor Yang Guozhong at Fanyang, initiating the An Shi Rebellion Year 1882 ( MDCCCLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) Hugh Culling Eardley Childers ( 25 June 1827 &ndash 29 January 1896) was a British and Australian Liberal Events 2492 BC - Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and founder of the Armenian nation Year 1873 ( MDCCCLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1500 - Battle of Hemmingstedt. 1600 - Philosopher Giordano Bruno is burned alive at Campo de' Fiori Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Robert Lowe 1st Viscount Sherbrooke PC ( 4 December 1811 – 27 July 1892) British and Australian Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. Year 1866 ( MDCCCLXVI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was Events 1065 - Westminster Abbey is Consecrated. 1308 - The reign of Emperor Hanazono, Emperor of Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 202 BC - coronation ceremony of Liu Bang as Emperor Gaozu of Han takes place initiating four centuries of the Han Dynasty 's rule Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was Sir George Cornewall Lewis 2nd Baronet ( 21 April 1806 &ndash 13 April 1863) was a British statesman and Man of letters Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New Hawarden Castle, in Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales was the estate of former British Prime Minister William Gladstone, which previously History The current administrative area of Flintshire (a Unitary authority) came into existence in 1996 when the former Administrative county of Clwyd The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. The Peelites were a breakaway faction of the British Conservative Party, and existed from 1846 to 1859. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party Alma mater is Latin for "nourishing mother" It was used in Ancient Rome as a title for the mother Goddess, and in Medieval Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Low church is a term of distinction in the Church of England or other Anglican churches initially designed to be pejorative Events 1170 - Thomas Becket: Thomas Becket Archbishop of Canterbury is assassinated inside Canterbury Cathedral by followers of King Henry II Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier sets sail on his second voyage to North America with three ships 110 men and Year 1898 ( MDCCCXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party A statesman or stateswoman or statesperson is usually a Politician or other notable figure of State who has had a long and respected career in The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom
Gladstone is famous for his intense rivalry with the Conservative Party Leader Benjamin Disraeli. Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The rivalry was not only political, but also personal. When Disraeli died, Gladstone proposed a state funeral, but Disraeli's will asked for him to be buried next to his wife, to which Gladstone replied, "As [Disraeli] lived, so he died — all display, without reality or genuineness. " Disraeli, for his part, said that GOM (which stood for Grand Old Man, Gladstone's nickname), really stood for "God's Only Mistake".
The British statesman was famously at odds with Queen Victoria for much of his career. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland She once complained "He always addresses me as if I were a public meeting. " Gladstone was known affectionately by his supporters as the "Grand Old Man" or "The People's William". He is still regarded as one of the greatest British prime ministers, with Winston Churchill and others citing Gladstone as their inspiration. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874
Early life
Born in Liverpool, Lancashire, England at 62 Rodney Street in 1809, William Ewart Gladstone was the fourth son of the merchant Sir John Gladstone and his second wife, Anne MacKenzie Robertson. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Rodney Street in Liverpool, Merseyside, England is noted for the number of doctors and its Georgian architecture. While Gladstone was born and brought up in Liverpool, always retaining his Lancashire accent, he was of Scottish ancestry. Lancashire is a non-metropolitan county of historic origin in the North West of England, bounded to the west by the Irish Sea Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. [1]
William Gladstone was educated from 1816 to 1821 at a preparatory school at the vicarage of St. Thomas' Church at Seaforth, close to his family's residence, Seaforth House. Seaforth is a residential suburb within the Metropolitan Borough of Sefton, Merseyside, North West England History Seaforth comes from [2] In 1821 William followed in the footsteps of his older brothers and attended Eton College before matriculating in 1828 at Christ Church, Oxford, where he read Classics and Mathematics for a double first class degree although he had no great interest in mathematics. Eton College, or just Eton, is a world-famous British Independent school for boys founded in 1440 by King Henry VI. Not to be confused with Christchurch, a city in New Zealand. Christ Church (Ædes Christi the temple or house of Christ and thus sometimes known as The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the "Classical literature" redirects here For literature in Classical languages outside the Graeco-Roman sphere see Ancient literature. Mathematics is the body of Knowledge and Academic discipline that studies such concepts as Quantity, Structure, Space and The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading scheme for Undergraduate degrees ( Bachelor's degrees and some Master's degrees In December 1831 he achieved the double first he had long desired. Gladstone served as President of the Oxford Union debating society, where he developed a reputation as an orator, which followed him into the House of Commons. Status and membership The Oxford Union is an Unincorporated association, holding its property in trust in favour of its objectives and members and governed The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords At university Gladstone was a Tory and denounced Whig proposals for parliamentary reform. In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to
Following the success of his double first, William travelled with his brother John on a Grand Tour of Europe, visiting Belgium, France, Germany and Italy. Captain John Neilson Gladstone ( 18 January 1807 &ndash 7 February 1863) was a politician in the United Kingdom and an officer in The Grand Tour was the traditional travel of Europe undertaken by mainly upper-class European young men of means The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest On his return to England, William was elected to Parliament in 1832 as Conservative Member of Parliament (MP) for Newark, partly through the influence of the local patron, the Duke of Newcastle. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Newark-on-Trent (generally shortened to Newark) is a Market town in Nottinghamshire in the East Midlands region of England. Henry Pelham-Clinton 4th Duke of Newcastle-under-Lyne KG ( 31 January 1785 - 12 January 1851) known as Earl of Lincoln from Although Gladstone entered Lincoln's Inn in 1833, with a view to becoming a barrister, by 1839 he had requested that his name should be removed from the list because he no longer intended to be called to the Bar. The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn is one of four Inns of Court in London to which Barristers of England and Wales belong and where A barrister is a Lawyer found in many Common law Jurisdictions that employ a split profession (as opposed to a Fused profession) in relation The Call to the Bar is a legal Term of art in most Common law jurisdictions [3]
In the House of Commons, Gladstone was initially a disciple of High Toryism, opposing the abolition of slavery and factory legislation. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords High Toryism is a term used in Britain Canada and elsewhere to refer to a traditionalist aristocratic conservatism which is in line with the Toryism of the nineteenth century but which As a social-economic system slavery is a legal institution under which a Person (called "a slave" is compelled to work for another In December 1834 he was appointed as a Junior Lord of the Treasury in Robert Peel's first ministry. In the United Kingdom, there are at least six Lords of the Treasury who serve concurrently Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 &ndash 2 July 1850 was the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 December 1834 to 8 April The following month he was appointed Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies, an office he held until the government's resignation in April 1835. The Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a junior Ministerial post in the United Kingdom government subordinate to the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies
Gladstone published his first book, The State in its Relations with the Church, in 1838, in which he argued that the goal of the state should be to promote and defend the interests of the Church of England. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England, the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican The following year he married Catherine Glynne, to whom he remained married until his death 59 years later. Catherine Glynne Gladstone, née Catherine Glynne ( 6 January 1812 &ndash 14 June 1900) was the wife of British Prime They had 8 children together, including Herbert John Gladstone and Henry Neville Gladstone. Herbert John Gladstone 1st Viscount Gladstone GCB, GCMG, GBE, PC ( 18 February 1854 &ndash 6 March, Henry Neville Gladstone ( 2 April 1852 &ndash 28 April, 1935) was the 1st (and last Baron Gladstone of Hawarden, the title becoming
In 1840 Gladstone began to rescue and rehabilitate London prostitutes, actually walking the streets of London himself and encouraging the women he encountered to change their ways. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. He continued this practice decades later, even after he was elected Prime Minister. This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation.
Minister under Peel
Gladstone was re-elected in 1841. In September 1842 he lost the forefinger of his left hand in an accident while reloading a gun; thereafter he wore a glove or finger sheath (stall). The second Digit of a human Hand is also referred to as the index finger, pointer finger, forefinger, trigger finger, digitus A gun is a particular Weapon that propels Projectiles The projectile is generally fired through a hollow tube known as the gun's barrel. In the second ministry of Robert Peel he served as President of the Board of Trade (1843–44). Sir Robert Peel 2nd Baronet (5 February 1788 &ndash 2 July 1850 was the Conservative Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 10 December 1834 to 8 April The Secretary of State for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (formerly the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry before the June 28, 2007 He resigned in 1845 over the Maynooth Seminary issue, a matter of conscience for him. St Patrick's College Maynooth ( Irish: Coláiste Naoimh Phádraig Maigh Nuad) is the "National Seminary for Ireland" Pontifical Univerisity and was a In order to improve relations with Irish Catholics, Peel's government proposed increasing the annual grant paid to the Seminary for training Catholic priests. Gladstone, who previously argued in a book that a Protestant country should not pay money to other churches, supported the increase in the Maynooth grant and voted for it in Commons, but resigned rather than face charges that he had compromised his principles to remain in office. After accepting Gladstone's resignation, Peel confessed to a friend, "I really have great difficulty sometimes in exactly comprehending what he means. "
Gladstone returned to Peel's government as Colonial Secretary in December. The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India The following year Peel's government fell over the MP's repeal of the Corn Laws and Gladstone followed his leader into a course of separation from mainstream Conservatives. The Corn Laws were Import tariffs designed to support domestic British corn prices against competition from less expensive foreign-grain imports between 1815 and 1846 After Peel's death in 1850 Gladstone emerged as the leader of the Peelites in the House of Commons. The Peelites were a breakaway faction of the British Conservative Party, and existed from 1846 to 1859.
As Chancellor he pushed to extend the free trade liberalisations in the 1840s and worked to reduce public expenditures, policies that when combined with his moral and religious ideals became known as "Gladstonian Liberalism". Free trade is a system in which the trade of goods and services between or within countries flows unhindered by government-imposed restrictions A moral is a message conveyed or a lesson to be learned from a story or event A religion is a set of Tenets and practices often centered upon specific Supernatural and moral claims about Reality, the Cosmos Gladstonian Liberalism is a political doctrine named after the British Victorian Prime Minister and leader of the Liberal Party, William He was re-elected for the University of Oxford in 1847 and became a constant critic of Lord Palmerston. Oxford University was a University constituency electing two members to the British House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950 "Lord Palmerston" and "Henry Temple" redirect here
In 1848 he also founded the Church Penitentiary Association for the Reclamation of Fallen Women. In May 1849 he began his most active "rescue work" with "fallen women" and met prostitutes late at night on the street, in his house or in their houses, writing their names in a private notebook. He aided the House of Mercy at Clewer near Windsor (which exercised extreme in-house discipline) and spent much time arranging employment for ex-prostitutes. Windsor (ˈwɪnzə/ /ˈwɪndzə is a suburban town and tourist destination in the Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead in Berkshire, England. (In 1927, during a court case over published claims that he had had improper relationships with some of these women, the jury unanimously found that the evidence "completely vindicated the high moral character of the late Mr W. A jury a sworn body of persons convened to render a rational, impartial Verdict (a finding of fact on a question officially submitted to them E. Gladstone. ")
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In 1852, following the ascendancy of Lord Aberdeen, as premier, head of a coalition of Whigs and Peelites, Gladstone became Chancellor of the Exchequer and unsuccessfully tried to abolish the income tax. George Hamilton-Gordon 4th Earl of Aberdeen KG KT FRS PC (28 January 1784&ndash14 December 1860 styled Lord Haddo from 1791 The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to The Peelites were a breakaway faction of the British Conservative Party, and existed from 1846 to 1859. The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Instead he ended up raising it because of the Crimean War. The Crimean War, also known in Russia as the Eastern War (Восточная война Vostochnaya Vojna) (March 1854–February 1856 was fought He served until 1855, a few weeks into Lord Palmerston's first premiership. Lord Stanley became Prime Minister in 1858, but Gladstone declined a position in his government, opting not to work with Benjamin Disraeli, then Chancellor of the Exchequer and Leader of the House of Commons. Edward Smith-Stanley redirects here for other persons with that name see Edward Stanley Lord Stanley Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons In 1859, Lord Palmerston formed a new mixed government with Radicals included, and Gladstone again joined the government as Chancellor of the Exchequer (with most of the other remaining Peelites) to become part of the new Liberal Party. The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party
During consideration of his Budget for 1860, it was generally assumed that Gladstone would use the budget's surplus of £5 million to abolish the income tax, as in 1853 he had promised to do this before the decade was out. Instead, Gladstone proposed to increase it and use the additional revenue to abolish duties on paper, a controversial policy because the duties had traditionally inflated the costs of publishing and disseminating radical working-class ideas. See also Taxation, Indirect Tax In Economics, a duty is a kind of Tax, often associated with Customs, a payment due to the Although Palmerston supported continuation of the duties, using them and income tax revenues to make armament purchases, a majority of his Cabinet supported Gladstone. The Bill to abolish duties on paper narrowly passed Commons but was rejected by the House of Lords. As no money bill had been rejected by Lords for over two hundred years, a furore arose over this vote. In the Westminster system (and colloquially in the United States) a money bill or supply bill is a bill that solely concerns Taxation The next year, Gladstone included the abolition of paper duties in a Finance Bill in order to force the Lords to accept it, and accept it they did. A government Budget is a legal document that is often passed by the Legislature, and approved by the Chief executive -or president
Significantly, Gladstone succeeded in steadily reducing the income tax over the course of his tenure as Chancellor. In 1861 the tax was reduced to ninepence; in 1863 to sevenpence; in 1864 to fivepence; and in 1865 to fourpence. [4] Gladstone believed that government was extravagant and wasteful with taxpayers' money and so sought to let money "fructify in the pockets of the people" by keeping taxation levels down through "peace and retrenchment". Peace, in the modern usage is a concept defined by the ideal state of relationship as absence of hostility at the international level that of a War.
When Gladstone first joined Palmerston's government in 1859, he opposed further electoral reform, but he moved toward the Left during Palmerston's last premiership, and by 1865 he was firmly in favour of enfranchising the working classes in towns. This latter policy created friction with Palmerston, who strongly opposed enfranchisement. At the beginning of each session, Gladstone would passionately urge the Cabinet to adopt new policies, while Palmerston would fixedly stare at a paper before him. A parliamentary session is a period of time where the Legislature in a Parliamentary government is sitting At a lull in Gladstone's speech, Palmerston would smile, rap the table with his knuckles, and interject pointedly, "Now, my Lords and gentlemen, let us go to business". [5]
As Chancellor, Gladstone made a speech at Newcastle on 7 October 1862 in which he supported the independence of the Confederate States of America in the American Civil War, claiming that Jefferson Davis had "made a nation". Newcastle upon Tyne ( (often shortened to Newcastle) is a city and Metropolitan borough of Tyne and Wear, England Events 3761 BC - The epoch (origin of the modern Hebrew calendar ( Proleptic Julian calendar) Year 1862 was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Monday The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Jefferson Finis Davis ( June 3, 1808 &ndash December 6, 1889) was an American politician who served as President of the Great Britain was officially neutral at the time, and Gladstone later regretted the Newcastle speech. In May 1864 Gladstone said that he saw no reason in principle why all mentally able men could not be enfranchised, but admitted that this would only come about once the working-classes themselves showed more interest in the subject. Queen Victoria was not pleased with this statement, and an outraged Palmerston considered it seditious incitement to agitation. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland This is about the law term For other uses see Sedition (disambiguation Sedition is a term of Law which refers to covert conduct
Gladstone's support for electoral reform and disestablishment of the Anglican Church in Ireland had alienated him from his constituents in his Oxford University seat, and he lost it in the 1865 general election. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Results |} Total votes 854856 A month later, however, he stood as a candidate in South Lancashire, where he was elected third MP (South Lancashire at this time elected three MPs). South Lancashire, formally called the Southern Division of Lancashire or Lancashire Southern, is a former County constituency in England Palmerston campaigned for Gladstone in Oxford because he believed that his constituents would keep him "partially muzzled". A victorious Gladstone told his new constituency, "At last, my friends, I am come among you; and I am come--to use an expression which has become very famous and is not likely to be forgotten--I am come 'unmuzzled'. "
In 1858 Gladstone took up the hobby of tree felling, mostly of oak trees, an exercise he continued with enthusiasm until he was 81 in 1891. The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Eventually, he became notorious for this activity, prompting Lord Randolph Churchill to snicker, "The forest laments in order that Mr. Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill ( 13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British Statesman. Gladstone may perspire. " Less noticed at the time was his practice of replacing the trees he'd felled with newly-planted saplings. Possibly related to this hobby is the fact that Gladstone was a lifelong bibliophile. Bibliophilia is the love of Books Accordingly a bibliophile loves books but especially "for Qualities of Format.
First ministry, 1868–1874
Lord Russell retired in 1867 and Gladstone became a leader of the Liberal party. In the next general election in 1868 he was defeated in Lancashire but was elected MP for Greenwich, it being quite common then for candidates to stand in two constituencies simultaneously. Results |} Total votes cast 2333251 Greenwich ( ˈɡrɛnɪtʃ GREN-itch /ˈɡrɛnɪdʒ/ GREN-idge or /ˈɡrɪnɪdʒ/ GRIN-idge is a district in south-east London, A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures goals or loyalty He became Prime Minister for the first time and remained in the office until 1874.
In the 1860s and 1870s, Gladstonian Liberalism was characterised by a number of policies intended to improve individual liberty and loosen political and economic restraints. First was the minimization of public expenditure on the premise that the economy and society were best helped by allowing people to spend as they saw fit. Secondly, his foreign policy aimed at promoting peace to help reduce expenditures and taxation and enhance trade. Thirdly, laws that prevented people from acting freely to improve themselves were reformed.
Gladstone's first premiership instituted reforms in the British Army, Civil Service, and local government to cut restrictions on individual advancement. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. See also Bureaucrat The term civil service has two distinct meanings Branch of governmental service in which individuals are hired on the basis He instituted abolition of the sale of commissions in the army as well as court reorganization. The sale of commissions was a common practice in most European armies where wealthy and noble officers purchased their rank. In foreign affairs his overriding aim was to promote peace and understanding, characterized by his settlement of the Alabama Claims in 1872 in favour of the Americans. The Alabama Claims were a series of claims for Damages by the government of the U
The issue of disestablishment of the Church of Ireland was used by Gladstone to unite the Liberal Party for government in 1868. The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. The Act was passed in 1869 and meant that Irish Roman Catholics did not need to pay their tithes to the Anglican Church of Ireland. A tithe (from Old English teogoþa "tenth" is a one-tenth part of something paid as a (usually voluntary contribution or as a Tax or levy Anglicanism is a tradition of Christian faith Churches in this tradition either have historical connections to the Church of England or have similar beliefs The Church of Ireland (Eaglais na hÉireann is an autonomous province of the Anglican Communion, operating across the island of Ireland. He also instituted the Cardwell Reforms in 1869 that made peacetime flogging illegal and, in 1870, the Irish Land Act in and the Forster's Education Act. The Cardwell Reforms refer to a series of reforms of the British Army undertaken by Secretary of State for War (and former soldier Edward Cardwell between Flagellation is the act of whipping (Latin flagellum, "whip" the human body British Prime Minister William Gladstone had taken up the " Irish Question " in part to win the general election of 1868 by uniting the Liberal Party The Elementary Education Act 1870 commonly known as Forster's Education Act set the framework for schooling of all children over the age of 5 and under 13 in England In 1871 he instituted the University Test Act. The University Tests Act of 1871 abolished the communion "Tests" and allowed non-conformists to take up fellowships at the Universities of Oxford, In 1872, he secured passage of the Ballot Act for secret voting ballots. In 1872 Gladstone introduced the Ballot Act, which required that British general elections to Parliament and local government election use the In 1873, his leadership led to the passage of laws restructuring the High Courts. He also passed the 1872 licensing act.
Vatican controversy and the Midlothian Campaign
In the 1874 general election, the Liberals were defeated. Results |} Total votes cast 2466037 "Others" include the Catholic Union. In the wake of Benjamin Disraeli's victory, Gladstone retired temporarily from the leadership of the Liberal party, although he retained his seat in the House. Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was
Gladstone was outraged at the Roman Catholic Church's Decree of Papal Infallibility and set about to refute it. Papal infallibility is the Dogma in Catholic theology that by action of the Holy Spirit, the Pope is preserved from even the possibility of In November 1874 he published the pamphlet The Vatican Decrees in their Bearing on Civil Allegiance. In it, Gladstone claimed that this decree had placed British Catholics in a dilemma over their loyalty to the Crown and their loyalty to the Pope. Gladstone urged British Catholics to reject papal infallibility as they had opposed the Spanish Armada of 1588. The Spanish Armada ( Spanish: Grande y Felicísima Armada, "Great and Most Fortunate Navy" or Armada Invencible, "Invincible The pamphlet sold 150,000 copies by the end of 1874. [6] In February 1875 Gladstone published a second pamphlet which was a defence of his earlier pamphlet and a reply to his critics, entitled Vaticanism: an Answer to Reproofs and Replies. He described the Catholic Church as "an Asian monarchy: nothing but one giddy height of despotism, and one dead level of religious subservience". He further claimed that the Pope wanted to destroy the rule of law and replace it with arbitrary tyranny, and then to hide these "crimes against liberty beneath a suffocating cloud of incense". The rule of law, in its most basic form is the principle that no one is above the law [7]
A pamphlet he published in 1876, Bulgarian Horrors and the Questions of the East, attacked the Disraeli government for its indifference to the violent repression of the Bulgarian rebellion in Ottoman Empire (Known as the Bulgarian April uprising). The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The April Uprising (Априлско въстание Aprilsko vastanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April An often-quoted excerpt illustrates his formidable rhetorical powers:
Let the Turks now carry away their abuses, in the only possible manner, namely, by carrying off themselves. Their Zaptiehs and their Mudirs, their Bimbashis and Yuzbachis, their Kaimakans and their Pashas, one and all, bag and baggage, shall, I hope, clear out from the province that they have desolated and profaned. Pasha or pacha, formerly bashaw, (paşa پاشا ( Persian: پاشا ( Armenian: Փաշա was a high rank in the Ottoman Empire This thorough riddance, this most blessed deliverance, is the only reparation we can make to those heaps and heaps of dead, the violated purity alike of matron and of maiden and of child; to the civilization which has been affronted and shamed; to the laws of God, or, if you like, of Allah; to the moral sense of mankind at large. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' There is not a criminal in a European jail, there is not a criminal in the South Sea Islands, whose indignation would not rise and over-boil at the recital of that which has been done, which has too late been examined, but which remains unavenged, which has left behind all the foul and all the fierce passions which produced it and which may again spring up in another murderous harvest from the soil soaked and reeking with blood and in the air tainted with every imaginable deed of crime and shame. Polynesia (from Greek: πολύς many, νῆσος island) is a Subregion of Oceania, comprising a large grouping of over That such things should be done once is a damning disgrace to the portion of our race which did them; that the door should be left open to their ever so barely possible repetition would spread that shame over the world. !
Let me endeavor, very briefly to sketch, in the rudest outline what the Turkish race was and what it is. It is not a question of Mohammedanism simply, but of Mohammedanism compounded with the peculiar character of a race. They are not the mild Mohammedans of India, nor the chivalrous Saladins of Syria, nor the cultured Moors of Spain. They were, upon the whole, from the black day when they first entered Europe, the one great anti-human specimen of humanity. Wherever they went a broad line of blood marked the track behind them, and, as far as their dominion reached, civilization vanished from view. They represented everywhere government by force as opposed to government by law. —Yet a government by force can not be maintained without the aid of an intellectual element. — Hence there grew up, what has been rare in the history of the world, a kind of tolerance in the midst of cruelty, tyranny and rapine. Much of Christian life was contemptuously left alone and a race of Greeks was attracted to Constantinople which has all along made up, in some degree, the deficiencies of Turkish Islam in the element of mind!
During his rousing election campaign (the so-called Midlothian campaign) of 1879, he spoke against Disraeli's foreign policies during the ongoing Second Anglo-Afghan War in Afghanistan. The Midlothian campaign was a series of Foreign policy speeches given by William Gladstone. The European influence in Afghanistan refers to political social and sometimes Imperialistic influence various European nations have had on this historical development of the Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, (See Great Game). For the film see The Great Game (film The Great Game was a term used for the strategic rivalry and conflict between the British Empire He saw the war as "great dishonour" and also criticised British conduct in the Zulu War. The Anglo-Zulu War was fought in 1879 between the British Empire and the Zulu Empire.
Second ministry, 1880–1885
In 1880 the Liberals won again, and the new Liberal leader Lord Hartington, retired in Gladstone's favour. Phil May ( 22 April 1864 – 5 August 1903) was an English Caricaturist. Spencer Compton Cavendish 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC ( 23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908) was a Gladstone won his constituency election in Midlothian and also in Leeds, where he had also been adopted as a candidate. As he could lawfully only serve as MP for one constituency, Leeds was passed to his son Herbert. Herbert John Gladstone 1st Viscount Gladstone GCB, GCMG, GBE, PC ( 18 February 1854 &ndash 6 March, One of his other sons, Henry, was also elected as an MP. William Henry Gladstone ( 3 June 1840 &ndash 4 July 1891) was a British Liberal Party Member of Parliament,
Queen Victoria asked Lord Hartington to form a ministry, but he persuaded her to send for Gladstone. Gladstone's second administration — both as PM and again as Chancellor of the Exchequer till 1882 — lasted from June 1880 to June 1885. Gladstone had opposed himself to the "colonial lobby" pushing for the scramble for Africa. See Colony and Colonization for examples of colonialism which do not refer to Western colonialism The Scramble for Africa, also known as the Race for Africa, was the proliferation of conflicting European claims to African territory during the New He thus saw the end of the Second Anglo-Afghan War, First Boer War and the war against the Mahdi in Sudan. The European influence in Afghanistan refers to political social and sometimes Imperialistic influence various European nations have had on this historical development of the See also Second Boer War,, South African Wars (1879-1915 The First Boer War ( Dutch: Eerste Boerenoorlog, Afrikaans: Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (otherwise known as The Mahdi or Muhammad Ahmed Al Mahdi Arabic:محمد أحمد المهدي ( August Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa.
However, he could not respect his electoral promise to disengage from Egypt. This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. June 1882 saw a riot in the Egyptian city of Alexandria, with about 300 people being killed as part of the Urabi Revolt. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια The Urabi Revolt or Orabi Revolt (ˈʕoɾɑːˌbi also known as the Orabi Revolution, was an uprising in Egypt in 1879-82 against the Khedive In Parliament an angry and retributive mood developed against Egypt, and the Cabinet approved the bombardment of Urabi's gun emplacements by Admiral Sir Beauchamp Seymour and the subsequent landing of British troops to restore order to the city. Admiral Frederick Beauchamp Paget Seymour 1st Baron Alcester, GCB ( 12 April 1821 &ndash 30 March 1895) was a Gladstone defended this in the Commons by exclaiming that Egypt was "in a state of military violence, without any law whatsoever". [8]
In 1881 he established the Irish Coercion Act, which permitted the Viceroy to detain people for as "long as was thought necessary". Between 1801 and 1922 the Parliament of the United Kingdom passed over 100 acts of emergency law in an attempt to establish law and order in Ireland. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. He also extended the franchise to agricultural labourers and others in the 1884 Reform Act, which gave the counties the same franchise as the boroughs— adult male householders and £10 lodgers—and added about six million to the total number who could vote in parliamentary elections. In the United Kingdom, the Representation of the People Act of 1884 (48 & 49 Vict Parliamentary reform continued with the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885. The Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (48 & 49 Vict c 23 was a piece of British Electoral reform legislation that redistributed the seats in the House
Gladstone was becoming increasingly uneasy about the direction in which British politics was moving. In a letter to Lord Acton on 11 February 1885, Gladstone criticised Tory Democracy as "demagogism" that "put down pacific, law-respecting, economic elements that ennobled the old Conservatism" but "still, in secret, as obstinately attached as ever to the evil principle of class interests". John Emerich Edward Dalberg-Acton 1st Baron Acton, KCVO ( 10 January 1834 &ndash 19 June 1902) Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common One Nation, One Nation Conservatism, or Tory Democracy is a term used in political debate in the United Kingdom to refer to the left wing of the Conservative He found contemporary Liberalism better, "but far from being good". Gladstone claimed that this Liberalism's "pet idea is what they call construction, that is to say, taking into the hands of the State the business of the individual man". Both Tory Democracy and this new Liberalism, Gladstone wrote, had done "much to estrange me, and had for many, many years". [9]
The fall of General Gordon in Khartoum, Sudan, in 1885 was a major blow to Gladstone's popularity. Major-General, CB ( 28 January 1833 &ndash 26 January 1885) known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha Khartoum ( الخرطوم al-Kharṭūm) is the Capital of Sudan and of Khartoum State. Many believed Gladstone had neglected military affairs and had not acted promptly enough to save the besieged Gordon. Critics inverted his acronym, "G. O. M. " (for "Grand Old Man"), to "M. O. G. " (for "Murderer of Gordon"). He resigned as Prime Minister in 1885 and declined Queen Victoria's offer of an Earldom. Earl was the Anglo-Saxon form and jarl the Scandinavian form of a title meaning " Chieftain " and referring especially to chieftains
Third ministry, 1886
In 1886 Gladstone's party was allied with Irish Nationalists to defeat Lord Salisbury's government; Gladstone regained his position as PM and combined the office with that of Lord Privy Seal. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the During this administration he first introduced his Home Rule Bill for Ireland. The Irish Home Rule bills were bills introduced in the British House of Commons during the late 19th and early 20th centuries intended to grant self-government and Ireland (pronounced /ˈaɾlənd/ Éire) is the third largest island in Europe, and the twentieth-largest island in the world The issue split the Liberal Party (a breakway group went on to create the Liberal Unionist party ) and the bill was thrown out on the second reading, ending his government after only a few months and inaugurating another headed by Lord Salisbury. The Liberal Unionists were a British political party that split away from the Liberals in 1886 and had effectively merged with the Conservatives by the
Fourth ministry, 1892–1894
In 1892 Gladstone was re-elected Prime Minister for the fourth and final time. In February 1893 he re-introduced a Home Rule Bill. The Irish Home Rule bills were bills introduced in the British House of Commons during the late 19th and early 20th centuries intended to grant self-government and It provided for the formation of a parliament for Ireland, or in modern terminology, a regional assembly of the type Northern Ireland gained from the Good Friday Agreement. Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of The Agreement, most often referred to as the Belfast Agreement (Comhaontú Bhéal Feirste Belfast Greeance or the Good Friday Agreement (Comhaontú Aoine an The Home Rule Bill did not offer Ireland independence, but the Irish Parliamentary Party had not demanded independence in the first place. The Irish Parliamentary Party (IPP (commonly called the Irish Party was formed in 1882 by Charles Stewart Parnell, the leader of the Nationalist Party, replacing The Bill was passed by the Commons but rejected by the House of Lords on the grounds that it had gone too far. The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" On 1 March 1894, in his last speech to the House of Commons, Gladstone asked his allies to override this most recent veto. Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A veto, Latin for "I forbid" is used to Denote that a certain party has the right to stop unilaterally a certain piece of Legislation. He resigned two days later, although he retained his seat in the Commons until 1895. Years later, as Irish independence loomed, King George V exclaimed to a friend, "What fools we were not to pass Mr. Gladstone's bill when we had the chance!"
Final years
In 1895, at the age of 85, Gladstone bequeathed £40,000 and much of his library to found St Deiniol's Library, the only residential library in Britain. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency St Deiniol's Library ( Welsh: Llyfrgell Deiniol Sant) is a residential Library in Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales. Despite his advanced age, he himself hauled most of his 32,000 books a quarter mile to their new home, using his wheelbarrow.
In 1896 in his last noteworthy speech, he denounced Armenian massacres by Ottomans in a talk delivered at Liverpool. Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani
Gladstone died at Hawarden Castle in 1898 at the age of 88 from metastatic cancer that had started behind his cheekbone. New Hawarden Castle, in Hawarden, Flintshire, Wales was the estate of former British Prime Minister William Gladstone, which previously Metastasis ( Greek: displacement μετά=next + στάσις=placement, plural metastases) sometimes abbreviated mets, His coffin was transported on the London Underground before his State funeral at Westminster Abbey, at which the Prince of Wales (the future Edward VII) and the Duke of York (the future George V) acted as pallbearers. The London Underground is a Metro system serving a large part of Greater London and neighbouring areas of Essex, Hertfordshire and Buckinghamshire A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony held to honour Heads of state or other important people of national significance The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru is a title traditionally granted to the Heir Apparent to the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (and formerly the Kingdom For the nursery rhyme see The Grand Old Duke of York. The title Duke of York is a title of Nobility in the British Peerage A pallbearer is one of several Funeral participants who helps carry the Casket of a deceased person from a religious or memorial service or [10] Two years after Gladstone's burial in Westminster Abbey, his wife, Catherine Gladstone (née Glynne), was laid to rest with him (see image at left). The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to by its original name of Westminster Abbey, is a large mainly Gothic church Catherine Glynne Gladstone, née Catherine Glynne ( 6 January 1812 &ndash 14 June 1900) was the wife of British Prime
A statue of Gladstone, erected in 1872, stands in the Great Hall of St George's Hall in Liverpool. [11] A statue of Gladstone, erected in 1905, is situated at Aldwych, London, nearby to the Royal Courts of Justice. Aldwych ('ɔːldwɪtʃ is a place and road in the City of Westminster in London, England. See also the Royal Courts of Justice Belfast. The Royal Courts of Justice, commonly called the Law Courts, is the building in [12] There is also a statue of him in Glasgow's George Square and in other towns around the country. Glasgow (ˈglæzgoʊ is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom
Liverpool's Crest Hotel was renamed The Gladstone Hotel in his honour in the early 1990s, but in 2006 was renamed again as The Liner Hotel. Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary
Gladstone, Queensland, Australia was named after him and has a statue on display in its town museum. Gladstone is a modern urbanised City located some 550 kilometres by road north of Brisbane and 100 kilometres south-east of Rockhampton
A school and a street in Bulgaria's capital Sofia are named in his honour, as is a street in the city of Plovdiv, and in Limassol, Cyprus. The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Sofia (София ˈsɔfija is the Capital and largest city of the Republic of Bulgaria, with a population of 1395568 in the Capital Municipality Limassol or Lemesos ( Greek: Λεμεσός, Lemesos; Turkish: Limasol, alt Cyprus (Κύπρος transliterated: Kýpros,; Kıbrıs officially the Republic of Cyprus (Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία Kypriakī́ Dīmokratía
Near to Hawarden in the town of Mancot, there is a small hospital named after Catherine Gladstone. Hawarden ( IPA /ˈhɑdən/ "Harden" Penarlâg is a town in Flintshire, North Wales, approximately 5 miles (as Catherine Glynne Gladstone, née Catherine Glynne ( 6 January 1812 &ndash 14 June 1900) was the wife of British Prime A statue of her husband also stands near the High School in Hawarden.
Gladstone's Governments
- First Gladstone Ministry (December 1868–February 1874)
- Second Gladstone Ministry (April 1880–June 1885)
- Third Gladstone Ministry (February–August 1886)
- Fourth Gladstone Ministry (August 1892–February 1894)
See also
Notes
- ^ Shannon, 1985
- ^ Shannon, 1985
- ^ Shannon, 1985
- ^ L. The Cabinet The Cabinet The Cabinet The Cabinet Anti-Turkism, Turkophobia, Turcophobia or anti-Turkish sentiment is the hostility towards Turkish people, Turkish culture, the Fasque is a Mansion in Kincardineshire, Scotland situated near the village of Fettercairn. The Gladstone Hotel was built in 1889 and named after Gladstone Avenue next to the hotel C. B. Seaman, Victorian England: Aspects of English and Imperial History, 1837-1901 (Routledge, 1973), pp. 183-4.
- ^ Jasper Ridley, Lord Palmerston (Constable, 1970), p. 563.
- ^ Philip Magnus, Gladstone: A Biography (London: John Murray, 1963), p. 235.
- ^ Ibid, pp. 235-6.
- ^ Lawrence James, The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (Abacus, 2001), p. 272.
- ^ John Morley, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone: Volume III (1903), pp. 172-3.
- ^ CardinalBook History of Peace and War
- ^ Liverpool City Council custom404
- ^ A&A | Statue, W. E. Gladstone Monument
Biographies
- John Morley, The Life of Gladstone (1903)
- D. W. Bebbington, William Ewart Gladstone
- Eric Brand, William Gladstone (1986) ISBN-10: 0877545286
- Osbert Burdett, W. E. Gladstone (1928)
- F. Birrell, Gladstone (1933)
- E. Eyck, Gladstone (1938)
- Philip Magnus, Gladstone: A Biography (1954)
- E. G. Collieu, Gladstone (1968)
- Richard Shannon, Gladstone: 1809-1865 (1985), ISBN 0807815918.
- H. C. Matthew, Gladstone: 1809-98 (1995), ISBN 0198206968.
- Richard Shannon, Gladstone: Volume II, 1865-1898 (1999), ISBN 0807824860.
- Roy Jenkins, Gladstone (1995), ISBN 0-333-66209-1. Roy Harris Jenkins Baron Jenkins of Hillhead OM PC ( 11 November 1920 &ndash 5 January 2003) was a British
External links
- Mr. Gladstone (character sketch by W.T. Stead, in the Review of Reviews, 1892)
- William Ewart Gladstone Chronology World History Database
- Works by William Ewart Gladstone at Project Gutenberg
- More about William Ewart Gladstone on the Downing Street website. The Under-Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a junior Ministerial post in the United Kingdom government subordinate to the Secretary of State for War and the Colonies Sir George Grey 2nd Baronet, PC ( 11 May 1799 &ndash 9 September 1882) was a British Whig politician Fox Maule-Ramsay 11th Earl of Dalhousie, KT, GCB, PC ( 22 April 1801 – 6 July 1874) known as Fox Maule The office of Vice-President of the Board of Trade was a junior ministerial position in the government of the United Kingdom. James Andrew Broun-Ramsay 1st Marquess of Dalhousie, KT, PC ( April 22 1812 &ndash December 19 1860) was a British Frederick John Robinson 1st Earl of Ripon PC (1 November 1782 &ndash 28 January 1859 Frederick John Robinson until 1827 The Viscount Goderich The Secretary of State for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform (formerly the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry before the June 28, 2007 Edward Smith-Stanley redirects here for other persons with that name see Edward Stanley Lord Stanley The Secretary of State for War and the Colonies was a British cabinet level position responsible for the army and the British colonies (other than India Henry George Grey 3rd Earl Grey ( December 28, 1802 &ndash October 9, 1894) known as Viscount Howick Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Sir George Cornewall Lewis 2nd Baronet ( 21 April 1806 &ndash 13 April 1863) was a British statesman and Man of letters John Young 1st Baron Lisgar, GCB, GCMG, PC ( August 31, 1807 &ndash October 6, 1876) known as Sir John The Lord High Commissioner of the Ionian Islands was the local representative of the British government in the United States of the Ionian Islands between 1815 Sir Henry Knight Storks GCMG GCB (1811 – September 6 1874) was a British soldier and colonial governor Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was "Lord Palmerston" and "Henry Temple" redirect here The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Robert Lowe 1st Viscount Sherbrooke PC ( 4 December 1811 – 27 July 1892) British and Australian The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Stafford Henry Northcote 1st Earl of Iddesleigh GCB PC ( 27 October 1818 &ndash 12 January 1887) The Chancellor of the Exchequer is the title held by the British Cabinet minister who is responsible for all Economic and Financial Hugh Culling Eardley Childers ( 25 June 1827 &ndash 29 January 1896) was a British and Australian Liberal The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons Michael Edward Hicks Beach 1st Earl St Aldwyn ( 23 October 1837 - 30 April 1916) known as Sir Michael Hicks Beach Bt from 1854 to "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. Michael Edward Hicks Beach 1st Earl St Aldwyn ( 23 October 1837 - 30 April 1916) known as Sir Michael Hicks Beach Bt from 1854 to The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons Lord Randolph Henry Spencer Churchill ( 13 February 1849 – 24 January 1895) was a British Statesman. Dudley Francis Stuart Ryder 3rd Earl of Harrowby ( 16 January 1831 - 26 March 1900) The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the George Henry Cadogan 5th Earl Cadogan, KG, PC ( 12 May 1840 &ndash 6 March 1915) was a British Conservative "Lord Salisbury" redirects here For other holders of the title see Marquess of Salisbury. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, PC (7 May 1847 &ndash 21 May 1929 was a British Liberal Statesman and Arthur James Balfour 1st Earl of Balfour, KG, OM, PC (25 July 1848 - 19 March 1930 was a British Conservative politician and The Leader of the House of Commons is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Commons Sir William George Granville Venables Vernon Harcourt ( October 14, 1827 - October 1, 1904) was a British Lawyer, Journalist George Henry Cadogan 5th Earl Cadogan, KG, PC ( 12 May 1840 &ndash 6 March 1915) was a British Conservative The Lord Privy Seal or Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal is the fifth of the Great Officers of State in the United Kingdom ranking beneath the Edward Marjoribanks 2nd Baron Tweedmouth KT PC ( 8 July 1849 – 15 September 1909) was a British Liberal Party The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories Thomas Wilde 1st Baron Truro ( 7 July 1782 &ndash 1855 Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, was the second son of Thomas Wilde an attorney A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Newark is a Constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Thomas Wilde 1st Baron Truro ( 7 July 1782 &ndash 1855 Lord Chancellor of Great Britain, was the second son of Thomas Wilde an attorney John James Robert Manners 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, GCB, PC ( 13 December 1818 &ndash 4 August 1906) known The 1832 UK general election, the first after the Reform Act, saw the Whigs win a large majority with the Tories winning less than 30% of the vote John James Robert Manners 7th Duke of Rutland, KG, GCB, PC ( 13 December 1818 &ndash 4 August 1906) known Sir Robert Harry Inglis 2nd Baronet FRS ( 12 January 1786 &ndash 5 May 1855) was an English Conservative A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Oxford University was a University constituency electing two members to the British House of Commons, from 1603 to 1950 Sir Robert Harry Inglis 2nd Baronet FRS ( 12 January 1786 &ndash 5 May 1855) was an English Conservative Results |} Total votes cast 482429 "Others" includes Irish Confederate Party. Results |} Total votes 854856 Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy 1st Earl of Cranbrook GCSI PC ( 1 October, 1814 &ndash 30 October, 1906) known as Gathorne The Hon Algernon Fulke Egerton ( 31 December 1825 - 14 July 1891) known as Algernon Leveson-Gower until 1833 was a British Conservative William John Legh 1st Baron Newton ( 19 December 1828 - 15 December 1898) was a British Conservative politician A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. South Lancashire, formally called the Southern Division of Lancashire or Lancashire Southern, is a former County constituency in England The Hon Algernon Fulke Egerton ( 31 December 1825 - 14 July 1891) known as Algernon Leveson-Gower until 1833 was a British Conservative Results |} Total votes 854856 Results |} Total votes cast 2333251 Sir Charles Tilston Bright ( 8 June 1832 &ndash 3 May 1888) was a British Electrical engineer who oversaw the laying of the first Sir David Salomons 1st Baronet ( 22 November 1797 &ndash 18 July 1873) was a leading figure in the 19th century struggle for Jewish emancipation A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Greenwich was a Parliamentary constituency in South-East London, which returned Members of Parliament to the British House of Commons from Sir David Salomons 1st Baronet ( 22 November 1797 &ndash 18 July 1873) was a leading figure in the 19th century struggle for Jewish emancipation Sir Thomas William Boord 1st Baronet FSA JP VD ( 14 July 1838 &ndash 2 May Results |} Total votes cast 2333251 Results |} Total votes cast 3359416 Voting summary Seats summary Sir Thomas William Boord 1st Baronet FSA JP VD ( 14 July 1838 &ndash 2 May Henry de Worms 1st Baron Pirbright PC DL JP FRS ( 20 October 1840 &ndash 6 January 1903) was a William Henry Walter Montagu-Douglas-Scott 6th Duke of Buccleuch 8th Duke of Queensberry KG KT PC JP DL ( 9 September A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. Results |} Total votes cast 3359416 Voting summary Seats summary The UK general election of 1895 was held from 13 July - 7 August 1895 Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael 1st Baron Carmichael GCSI, GCIE, KCMG, DL ( 18 March 1859 &ndash 16 January John Russell 1st Earl Russell, KG, GCMG, PC (18 August 1792 &ndash 28 May 1878 known as Lord John Russell before 1861 was an English The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party Granville George Leveson Gower 2nd Earl Granville KG, PC ( 11 May 1815 &ndash 31 March 1891) was a British Spencer Compton Cavendish 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC ( 23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908) was a Granville George Leveson Gower 2nd Earl Granville KG, PC ( 11 May 1815 &ndash 31 March 1891) was a British Spencer Compton Cavendish 8th Duke of Devonshire, KG, GCVO, PC ( 23 July 1833 – 24 March 1908) was a The Liberal Party was one of the two major British political parties from the early 19th century until the rise of the Labour Party in the 1920s and a third party Archibald Philip Primrose 5th Earl of Rosebery, KG, PC (7 May 1847 &ndash 21 May 1929 was a British Liberal Statesman and The Lord Rector of the University of Edinburgh is elected every three years by the students and staff at the University of Edinburgh. Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881 was a Scottish essayist satirist and historian whose work was highly influential during the Victorian era. Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, KG, PC, FRS (born Benjamin D'Israeli; 21 December 1804 &ndash 19 April 1881 was The position of Lord Rector of the University of Glasgow is elected every three years by the students at the University of Glasgow. John Bright ( 16 November 1811 &ndash 27 March 1889) Quaker, was a British Radical and Liberal William Thomas Stead ( 5 July 1849 - 15 April 1912) was an English Journalist. The Review of Reviews was a noted monthly journal founded in 1890 in London by British reform journalist William Thomas Stead (1849-1912 Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works
- William Ewart Gladstone 1809-98 biography from the Liberal Democrat History Group
- Gladstone appears as a famous magician in the Bartimaeus Trilogy
- BBC Radio - Programme Two contains a recording of Gladstone's voice
- A longer mp3 of Gladstone's voice
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Gladstone, William Ewart |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | British politician and prime minister |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 29 December 1809 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Liverpool, England |
| DATE OF DEATH | 19 May 1898 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Hawarden Castle, Flintshire, Wales |
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