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| Sander vitreus (Mitchill, 1818) | ||||||||||||||
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The Walleye (Sander vitreus vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is a freshwater perciform fish native to most of Canada and to the northern United States. The blue walleye ( Sander vitreus glaucus) was a subspecies of the Walleye that went extinct in the 1980s The Perciformes, also called the Percomorphi or Acanthopteri, include about 40% of all bony Fish and are the largest order of vertebrates. Fish are aquatic Vertebrate animals that are typically ectothermic (previously Cold-blooded) covered with scales, and equipped with two Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the It is a North American close relative of the European pikeperch. Zander is a Species of Fish. The scientific name is Sander lucioperca (or Stizostedion lucioperca) and it is closely allied to Perch The walleye is sometimes also called the yellow walleye to distinguish it from the extinct blue walleye. The blue walleye ( Sander vitreus glaucus) was a subspecies of the Walleye that went extinct in the 1980s
In some parts of its range, the walleye is also known as the walleyed pike, yellow pike or pickerel (esp. in English-speaking Canada), although the fish is related neither to the pikes nor to the pickerels, both of which are members of the family Esocidae.
Genetically, walleyes show a fair amount of variation across watersheds. In general, fish within a watershed are quite similar and are genetically distinct from those of nearby watersheds. The species has been artificially propagated for over a century and has been planted on top of existing populations or introduced into waters naturally devoid of the species, sometimes reducing the overall genetic distinctiveness of populations. For the third season episode of Star Trek Enterprise, see " Hatchery (Star Trek Enterprise "
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Meaning of the name
The common name, "walleye," comes from the fact that their eyes, like those of cats, reflect light. This eyeshine is the result of a light-gathering layer in the eyes called the tapetum lucidum which allows the fish to see well in low-light conditions. The tapetum lucidum ( Latin: "bright tapestry" plural tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the Eye of many Vertebrate animals that The tapetum lucidum ( Latin: "bright tapestry" plural tapeta lucida) is a layer of tissue in the Eye of many Vertebrate animals that In fact, many anglers look for walleyes at night since this is when most major feeding patterns occur. Angling is a method of Fishing by means of an "angle" ( hook) Their eyes also allow them to see well in turbid waters (stained or rough, breaking waters) which gives them an advantage over their prey. Thus, walleye anglers will commonly look for days and locations where there is a good "walleye chop" (i. e. , rough water). This excellent vision also allows the fish to populate the deeper regions in a lake and can often be found in deeper water. This also means that since they live and spawn in mostly in shallow waters, they can see onto or near the shore for disturbances in the water such as humans.
Physical description
Walleyes grow to about 75 cm (30 in) in length, and weigh up to about 7 kg (15 lb). The maximum recorded size for the fish is 107 cm (42 in) in length and 11. 3 kg (25 lb) in weight. The growth rate depends partly on where in their range they occur, with southern populations often growing faster and larger. In general, females grow larger than males. Walleyes may live for decades; the maximum recorded age is 29 years. In heavily fished populations, however, few walleye older than 5 or 6 years of age are encountered.
Walleyes are largely olive and gold in colour (hence the French common name: doré -- golden). The dorsal side of a walleye is olive, grading into a golden hue on the flanks. The olive/gold pattern is broken up by five darker saddles that extend to the upper sides. The colour shades to white on the belly. The mouth of a walleye is large and is armed with many sharp teeth. The first dorsal and anal fins are spinous as is the operculum. The operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the Gills In most fish the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between Walleyes are distinguished from their close cousin the sauger by the white colouration on the lower lobe of the caudal fin which is absent on the sauger. The sauger ( Sander canadensis) is a Freshwater Perciform fish of the family Percidae which resembles its close relative the In addition, the two dorsals and the caudal fin of the sauger are marked with distinctive rows of black dots which are absent from or indistinct on the same fins of walleyes.
Reproduction
In most of the species' range, the majority of male walleyes mature at age 3 or 4. Females normally mature about a year later. Adults migrate to tributary streams in late winter or early spring to lay eggs over gravel and rock, although there are open water reef or shoal spawning strains as well. In nautical terminology a reef is a rock, sandbar, or other feature lying beneath the surface of the water (six fathoms or less at low water Some populations are known to spawn on sand or on vegetation. Spawning occurs at water temperatures of 6 to 10° C (43 to 50° F). A large female can lay up to 500,000 eggs and no care is given by the parents to the eggs or fry. The eggs are slightly adhesive and fall into spaces between rocks. The incubation period for the embryos is temperature-dependent but generally lasts from 12 to 30 days. An embryo (from Greek:, plural, lit "that which grows" from en- "in" + bryein "to swell be full" is a multicellular After hatching, the free-swimming embryo spends about a week absorbing the relatively small amount of yolk. In most Birds and Reptiles an egg ( Latin ovum) is the Zygote, resulting from Fertilization of the Ovum. Once the yolk has been fully absorbed, the young walleye begins to feed on invertebrates such as fly larvæ and zooplankton. An invertebrate is an Animal lacking a Vertebral column. The group includes 98% of all animal Species — all animals except those in the Chordate True flies are Insects of the Order Diptera ( Greek: di = two and pteron = wing possessing a single pair of A larva ( Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of Animal with indirect development, undergoing Metamorphosis (for example Plankton consist of any drifting Organisms ( Animals Plants Archaea, or Bacteria) that inhabit the Pelagic zone of After 40 to 60 days, juvenile walleyes become piscivorous. A juvenile is an individual Organism that has not yet reached its Adult form Sexual maturity or size A lake (from Latin lacus) is a Terrain feature (or Physical feature) a body of Liquid on the surface of a world that is localized to the Thenceforth, both juvenile and adult walleyes eat fish almost exclusively, frequently yellow perch or ciscoes, moving onto bars and shoals at night to feed. For the 2008 British film by Noel Clarke see Adulthood (film. The yellow perch ( Perca flavescens) is a species of Perch found in the United States and Canada, where it is often referred to by the shortform The ciscoes are Salmonid fish of the genus Coregonus that differ from other members of the genus in having upper and lower jaws of approximately equal Walleye also feed heavily on crayfish, minnows, leeches, and earthworms.
As food
The walleye is often considered to have the best tasting flesh of any freshwater fish, and, consequently, is fished recreationally and commercially. Freshwater is a word that refers to bodies of water such as Ponds lakes rivers and streams containing low concentrations of dissolved Salts and other Total dissolved Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking culturing processing preserving storing transporting marketing or selling fish or fish products Because of its nocturnal feeding habits, it is most easily caught at night using live minnows or lures that mimic small fish. Most commercial fisheries for walleye are situated in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes, but there are other locations as well. The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border.
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| hickory shad |
| king mackerel |
| mahi-mahi |
| sand whiting |
| silver carp |
| striped bass |
| thresher shark |
| tuna |
| walleye |
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| game fishing |
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Fishing
Since walleyes have excellent visual acuity under low illumination levels, they tend to feed more extensively at dawn and dusk, on cloudy or overcast days and under choppy conditions when light penetration into the water column is disrupted. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. The American shad or Atlantic shad, Alosa sapidissima, is a Species of Anadromous Fish in family Clupeidae Not to be confused with the Barramundi Cod or the Australian members of the genus Scleropages (which sometimes are referred to as Barramundis Cobia ( Rachycentron canadum) — also known as black kingfish black salmon ling lemonfish crabeaters aruan tasek, etc The Coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, (from the Russian кижуч kizhuch) is a Species of Anadromous Fish Hickory shad ( Alosa mediocris) is migratory clupeid native to the Atlantic Coast of the eastern United States The king mackerel ( Scomberomorus cavalla) is a migratory species of Mackerel that lives its entire life in the open waters of the western Atlantic Ocean The Mahimahi (in Hawaiian Coryphaena hippurus, also known as common dolphin-fish, dorado maverikos, or lampuki (in Maltese The sand whiting, Sillago ciliata, (also known as the summer whiting or blue-nose whiting) is a common species of coastal marine Fish The silver carp ( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) is a species of Freshwater Cyprinid Fish, a variety of Asian carp native to north and Striped bass are Perciform fish found all along the Atlantic coast from Florida to Nova Scotia, and are caught as far north as Hudson Bay. Thresher sharks are large Lamniform Sharks of the family Alopiidae. Tuna, are several Species of ocean-dwelling Fish in the family Scombridae, mostly in the genus Thunnus. The walleye (common US name or yellow pickerel (Canada ( Sander vitreus vitreus, formerly Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) is a freshwater Perciform Game fish are Fish pursued for Sport by recreational Anglers. Recreational fishing, also called sport fishing, is Fishing for Pleasure or Competition. Although anglers interpret this as light avoidance, it is merely an expression of the walleye's competitive advantage over its prey under those conditions. Similarly, in darkly stained or turbid waters, walleye tend to feed throughout the day. Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles ( suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the Naked eye
"Walleye chop" is a term used by walleye anglers for rough water typically with winds of 5 to 15 mph (7 to 24 km/h), and is one of the indicators for good walleye fishing due to the walleye's increased feeding activity during such conditions. A fisherman or fisher is someone who gathers Fish, Shellfish, or other animals from a body of water
Because walleyes are popular with anglers, fishing for walleyes is regulated by most natural resource agencies. For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. Management may include the use of quotas and length limits to ensure that populations are not over-exploited. Fisheries management is today often referred to as a governmental system of management rules based on defined objectives and a mix of management means to implement the rules which is put Overfishing occurs when Fishing activities reduce fish stocks below an acceptable level
Seasons
In springtime walleye will take almost any bait or lure, but may be more challenging to catch through the summer months. Bait is any substance used to attract Prey, eg in a Mousetrap. In terms of Recreational fishing, a lure is an object attached to the end of the Fishing line and designed to resemble and move like an item of Fish Prey Fall often brings another peak of walleye feeding activity. Walleye are readily caught through the ice in winter, usually on jigs, jigging spoons or minnows.
Bait
Casting or trolling with spinners or minnow-imitating plugs is a good bet. Special worm harness rigs of spinners and beads are often trolled. Jigs, either traditional bucktails, or tipped with any of the modern plastics, a piece of worm or minnow are walleye angling favorites.
Live baits are often still-fished, drifted or trolled on slip-sinker or "bottom-bouncing" rigs. Excellent live bait choices are nightcrawlers, minnows, or leeches, all of which can be deadly on a jig. Nightcrawlers are a form of Earthworm. Prized primarily for use as Fishing bait, nightcrawlers are generally known as either Canadian or Leeches are Annelids comprising the Subclass Hirudinea. There are freshwater terrestrial and marine leeches
When ice fishing walleye are caught jigging or on tip-ups. Tip-ups are generally set up with a dacron backing and a clear synthetic leader. For bait, the most common minnows are Fatheads and shiners. Size for bait is anywhere from 1 to 7 inches.
Minnesota
The walleye is the state fish of Minnesota. Mille Lacs Lake (though the word is originally French, the 's' is pronounced in Minnesota) also called Lake Mille Lacs or simply Mille Lacs, Garrison is a city in Crow Wing County, Minnesota, USA, on Mille Lacs Lake. Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers Its popularity with Minnesota residents means that the residents of that state consume more of the fish than in any other jurisdiction.
In 2004, it was revealed that some restaurants in the Minneapolis-St. Paul region had been substituting the less expensive, imported zander for the walleye indicated on the menu. A restaurant is a retail establishment that serves prepared Food to Customers. Zander is a Species of Fish. The scientific name is Sander lucioperca (or Stizostedion lucioperca) and it is closely allied to Perch In a Restaurant, a menu is a printed brochure or public display that shows the list of options for a diner to select Zander (pikeperch) is a closely-related species and is almost impossible to tell apart by taste, so the television station that did the exposé had to send samples of food for DNA testing. A television station is a type of broadcast station that broadcasts both audio and Video to Television receivers in a particular area Investigative journalism is a type of reporting in which reporters deeply investigate a topic of interest often involving crime Political corruption, or some other Scandal Though sold as "walleye," several samples were found to be zander, which is considered an illegal practice by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
References
- Sander vitreus (TSN 650173). Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Integrated Taxonomic Information System ( ITIS) is a partnership designed to provide consistent and reliable information on the Taxonomy of biological Species Retrieved on 19 March 2006. Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- Boyd Huppert (December 7, 2004). Walleye or Zander? What Are You Really Eating?. KARE. KARE, channel 11 is an NBC -affiliated television station licensed to Minneapolis Minnesota, and serving the Minneapolis- St
- FishBase information on Walleye
External links
- Nativefish.org article about the blue walleye
- Information about Sander vitreus from the University of Minnesota
- Walleye blog
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