Volgograd (English) Волгоград (Russian)
Volgograd train station
Volgograd on the map of European Russia
Coordinates 48°42′N 44°31′E / 48.7, 44.517Coordinates: 48°42′N 44°31′E / 48.7, 44.517
Coat of Arms	Flag
City Day: Second Sunday of September
Administrative status
Federal subject In jurisdiction of Administrative center of	Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Oblast
Local self-government
Charter	Charter of the Hero City Volgograd
Municipal status	Urban okrug
Head	Roman Grebennikov
Legislative body	City Duma
Area
Area	565 km² (218. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. A flag is a piece of Cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, generally used Symbolically for signaling or identification Russia is a Federation which consists of 83  subjects. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) A charter is the grant of authority or rights stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified Being the largest country in the world spanning a large percentage of Eurasia, and one of the most populated Russia is divided into several types and levels of A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 1 sq mi)
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank - Density	1,011,417 inhabitants 12th 1,790. Russia 's area is about 17 million square kilometers (65 million sq Russian Census of 2002 (Всеросси́йская пе́репись населе́ния 2002 го́да was the first Census of the Russian Federation carried This is a list of cities and towns in Russia with population over 50000 grouped by federal subject and sorted by population Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 1/km² (4,636. 3/sq mi)
Events
Founded	1555
Town status	1780
Renamed Stalingrad	1925
Renamed Volgograd	1961
Other information
Postal code	400001. A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a . 400138
Dialing code	+7 8442
Official website
http://www.volgadmin.ru

Volgograd (Russian: Волгогра́д (help·info)), formerly called Tsaritsyn (Russian: Цари́цын (help·info)) (1598–1925) and Stalingrad (Russian: Сталингра́д (help·info)) (1925–1961) is a city and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. All Country calling codes for the European Union countries start with +3x or +4x A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Geographical renaming is the act of changing the name of a geographical feature or area Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The classification system of the types of inhabited localities in Russia, the former Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states has certain peculiarities compared Volgograd Oblast (Волгогра́дская о́бласть Volgogradskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an Oblast) Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending It is 80 kilometres long, and situated on the west bank of the Volga River.

History

Volgograd originated with the foundation in 1589 of the fortress of Tsaritsyn at the confluence of the Tsaritsa and Volga Rivers. The fortress, which took its name from the local name Sary Su (Yellow Water/River in the Tatar language), was established to defend the unstable southern border of Tsarist Russia and became the nucleus of a trading settlement. The Tatar language (,, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic Language spoken by the Tatars. It was captured twice by Cossack rebels, under Stenka Razin in the rebellion of 1670 and Yemelyan Pugachev in 1774. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern For the place in Azerbaijan see Stepan Razin Azerbaijan. Stepan (Sten'ka Timofeyevich Razin ( Russian: Степан (Стенька Tsaritsyn became an important river port and commercial centre in the 19th century.

The city was the scene of heavy fighting during the Russian Civil War. The Russian Civil War (1917–1923 was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed Bolshevik forces occupied it during 1918, but were attacked by White forces under Anton Ivanovich Denikin. The Bolsheviks, originally also Bolshevists ( Большевик Большевист (singular, derived from bolshe, "more" were a faction The White movement (Beloie Dvijenie Белое движение whose military arm is known as the White Army (Belaia Armia Белая Армия or White Guard Anton Ivanovich Denikin (Анто́н Ива́нович Дени́кин ( December 16, 1872 – August 8, 1947) was Lieutenant General During the battle for Tsaritsyn the Bolsheviks were pushed back and surrounded at first, and only the actions of Joseph Stalin, then local chairman of the military committee, saved the city for the Bolsheviks. The Battle for Tsaritsyn was a military confrontation between Bolshevik forces and the White Army during the Russian Civil War. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Stalin did so by recalling Zhloba's 'Steel Division' from the Caucasus which attacked the White Forces in the rear. Dmitri Petrovich Zhloba (Дмитрий Петрович Жлоба ( June 3, 1887 – June 10, 1938) was a Soviet military commander The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East In honor of Stalin's efforts in defending the city, it was renamed Stalingrad (literally: "Stalin city") in 1925. The name change is typical of the way towns and cities were re-named after Bolshevik leaders and heroes during Soviet times. (See also List of places named after Stalin. During Joseph Stalin ' s rule ( 1922 – 1953) many places mostly cities in the Soviet Union and other communist countries were named or renamed )

The Motherland Calls on the Mamayev Kurgan- the largest statue in the world when erected in 1967^[1]

Under Stalin, the city became heavily industrialized and was developed as a centre of heavy industry and trans-shipment by rail and river. The Motherland Calls, (Родина-мать зовёт! "Rodina Mat' Zovyot!" also called Mother Motherland, Mother Motherland Is Calling, or simply Mamayev Kurgan (Мамаев Курган is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad in southern Russia. During World War II (Great Patriotic War), the city of Stalingrad became the center of the Battle of Stalingrad as well as the pivotal turning point in the war against Germany. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The term Great Patriotic War (Великая Отечественная война Velikaya Otechestvennaya Vojna) is used in Russia and some other The Battle of Stalingrad is a commonly used name in English sources for several large operations by Germany and its allies and Soviet forces conducted with the The battle lasted from August 21, 1942 to February 2, 1943. Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. 1. 7 million to 2 million Axis and Soviet soldiers were either killed, wounded or captured, as well as over 40,000 civilians killed. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries The city was reduced to rubble during the fierce fighting, but reconstruction began soon after the Germans were expelled from the city.

For the heroism shown during the battle, Stalingrad was awarded the title Hero City in 1945, and King George VI of the United Kingdom awarded the citizens of Stalingrad a jeweled sword in appreciation of the bravery that they had shown. Hero City ( Russian: город-герой gorod-geroy, Ukrainian: Місто-герой Misto-heroy) is a Soviet Honorary A memorial complex commemorating the battle, dominated by an immense allegorical sculpture of Mother Russia, was erected on the Mamayev Kurgan, a hill that saw some of the most intense fighting during the battle. Allegorical sculpture refers to sculptures that symbolize and particularly personify abstract ideas Mamayev Kurgan (Мамаев Курган is a dominant height overlooking the city of Volgograd (formerly Stalingrad in southern Russia. A number of cities around the world (especially ones that had suffered particularly badly during the war) established sister/friendship/twinning links (see list below). It was part of the world's first such link when it formed a twinning relationship with the English city of Coventry during World War II (as both suffered heavy bombing). Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

Picture taken from the top of Mamayev Kurgan and looking down over the Volga river.

View of the city from the Volga river.

The Panorama museum, which is located alongside the Volga river, contains artifacts from World War II. These include a panoramic painting of the battlefield from the location of the monument "Mamayev Kurgan. " Here a rifle of the famous sniper Vasily Zaytsev, can also be found. Captain Vasily Grigoryevich Zaytsev (Васи́лий Григо́рьевич За́йцев vʌˈsʲilʲɪj grʲɪˈgorʲjevʲɪtɕ ˈzajtsɨf ( March 23,

In 1961, the city's name was changed to Volgograd ("Volga City") as part of Nikita Khrushchev's programme of de-Stalinization. Nikita Sergeyevich Khrushchev (April 17 1894 – September 11 1971 served as First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964 following The Cold War ensued as the USSR and the United States struggled indirectly for influence around the world This was and remains somewhat contentious, given the fame of the name Stalingrad, and there were once serious proposals to change the name back during Konstantin Chernenko's brief administration in 1985. Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Константи́н Усти́нович Черне́нко Konstantin Ustinovič Černenko; 24 September 1911 &ndash 10 March 1985 was There is still a strong degree of local support for a reversion and proposals have been made from time to time, though as yet none have been accepted by the Russian government. The politics of Russia ( the Russian Federation) take place in a framework of a federal presidential Republic.

Economy

Modern Volgograd is still an important industrial city. Its industries include shipbuilding, oil refining, steel and aluminium production, manufacture of machinery and vehicles, and chemical production. See also Shipbuilding (song. Shipbuilding is the construction of Ships It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 WikipediaNaming A large Volgograd Hydroelectric Plant stands a short distance to the north of Volgograd. The Volga Hydroelectric Station or Volga GES (Волжская ГЭС also known as the 22nd Congress of the CPSU Stalingrad/Volgograd Hydroelectric Power

Volgograd on the 1979 map

Transport

Volgograd is a major railway junction with links to Moscow, the Donbas region of Ukraine, the Caucasus, and Siberia. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Donets Basin, also known as Donbas or Donbass (Донецький басейн usually abbreviated to Донбас translit Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving It stands at the east end of the Volga-Don Canal, opened in 1952 to link the two great rivers of Southern Russia. Lenin Volga-Don Shipping Canal (Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени В Southern Federal District ( Russian: Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг tr

European route E40, the longest European route connecting Calais, France with Ridder, Kazakhstan, passes through Volgograd. ||-||-||} European route E40 is the longest European route, more than 8000 km long connecting Calais in France via Belgium, Germany Calais (kaˈlɛ in English often kæˈleɪ traditional English pronunciation /ˈkælɨs/ Kales is a town in northern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Ridder ( Kazakh and Russian: Риддер) is a city in the East Kazakhstan Province in north-eastern Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the

Volgograd's public transport system includes a light rail service known as the Volgograd metrotram. For specific light rail systems many of which use the words "light rail" as part of their name see List of light-rail transit systems. The Volgograd Metrotram is a Light rail system operating in Volgograd, Russia.

Education

Educational institutions include Volgograd State University, Volgograd State Technical University (former Volgograd Polytechnical University), Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Volgograd Academy of Industry, and Volgograd State Pedagogical University. The Volgograd State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering is one of the major Universities in Volgograd, formerly as Stalingrad. The Volgograd State Pedagogical University is one of the major pedagogical Universities in the Russian Federation

Theater of Volgograd

Stalingrad, midtown, following the battle

Railway Station

Sister cities

As of 2006, Volgograd had 18 sister cities^[2]:

• Coventry, United Kingdom (1943)
• Ostrava, Czech Republic (1948)
• Kemi, Finland (1953)
• Liège, Belgium (1959)
• Dijon, France (1959)
• Turin, Italy (1961)
• Port Said, Egypt (1962)
• Chennai, India (1966)
• Hiroshima, Japan (1972)
• Cologne, Germany (1988)
• Chemnitz, Germany (1988)
• Cleveland, United States (1990)
• Toronto, Canada (1991)
• Jilin, China (1994)
• Yerevan, Armenia (1998)
• Chengdu, China (1998)
• Kruševac, Serbia (1999)
• Rousse, Bulgaria (2001)
• Huntingdon, United States (2003)
• Orlando, United States (2008)

A number of communities in France have streets or avenues named after Stalingrad, hence Place de la Bataille de Stalingrad in Paris and the eponymous Paris Métro station of Stalingrad. Coventry ( is a city and Metropolitan borough in the County of West Midlands in England. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ostrava ( pronounced, Ostrau Ostrawa is the third largest city in the Czech Republic, however it is the second largest urban agglomeration after Prague The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, Kemi (Giepma is a town and municipality of Finland. It is located very near of the city of Tornio. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Liège (ljɛːʒ Older English: Luick, Walloon: Lidje, German: Lüttich; Latin: Leodium, Dutch The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Dijon ( diʒɔ̃ is a city in eastern France, the capital of the Côte-d'Or departement and of the Bourgogne region This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Port Said ( Arabic بورسعيد transliterated Būr Saʻīd) is a northeastern Egyptian city near the Suez This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Japanese city of ( is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshū, the largest of Japan 's For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Chemnitz (1953–1990 Karl-Marx-Stadt ( Sorbian:Kamjenica is a City in Eastern Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Jilin City ( is a Prefecture-level city located in Jilin Province in China. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Yerevan (Երևան Երեւան or Երեվան ˌjɛrəˈvɑːn sometimes written as Erevan, Iravan, Erewan, Ayrivan, and Erivan Armenia (Հայաստան transliterated: Hayastan,) officially the Republic of Armenia (Հայաստանի Հանրապետություն Hayastani ( located in southwest People's Republic of China, is the capital of Sichuan province and a Sub-provincial city. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Kruševac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Крушевац) is a city and a municipality located in Serbia at 43 Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Rousse (also transliterated as Ruse or Russe; Русе) is the fifth-largest city in Bulgaria with a population of near 175600 The state of Bulgaria (България transliterated bg-Latn ''Balgaria'' The country preserves the traditions (in ethnic name language and alphabet of the First Bulgarian Huntingdon is a borough in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. It is the County seat of Huntingdon County. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Orlando is a major City in central Florida, USA and is the County seat of Orange County Florida. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Stalingrad is a Paris Métro station at the border of the 10th arrondissement to the 19th arrondissement at the crossing of lines 2 5 and 7 located

External links

• (English) Official website of Volgograd
• (Russian) Official website of Volgograd
• (Russian) Volga34 – directory organizations of Volgograd
• (Russian) Volgograd.ru — City Web Portal, Local Business and Web Directory, News, Press, Webcams, 3D Mamayev Kurgan
• Over 2,000 original German WWII soldier photographs from the Eastern Front
• Sights of Volgograd
• Photo Gallery from Volgograd

References