A curling tendril

The big vine in Sochi, Russia

A vine is any plant of genus Vitis (the grape plants) or, by extension, any similar climbing or trailing plant. Sochi (Сочи ˈsotɕɪ is a Russian Resort city, situated in Krasnodar Krai just north of the southern Russian border A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is For the Tokyo University supercomputer see Gravity Pipe. GRAPE, or GRA phics P rogramming E nvironment is The word, derived from Latin vīnea, referred to the grape-bearing variety. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. The modern extended sense is restricted to North American English, which uses grapevine to refer to the grape-bearing Vitis species. North American English is a collective term used for the varieties of the English language that are spoken in North America, namely in the United States (British English tends to use climber to refer to the broader category, including, for example, ivy. British English or UK English ( BrE, BE, en-GB) is the broad term used to distinguish the forms of the English language used in the Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family )

This article uses the term vine in its broader, North American sense.

Climbing plants

Climbing plant, covering a chimney

Certain plants always grow as vines, while a few grow as vines only part of the time. For instance, poison ivy and bittersweet can grow as low shrubs when support is not available, but will become vines when support is available. Toxicodendron is a genus of woody Trees Shrubs and Vines in the Anacardiaceae or Sumac Family including poison ivy poison oak Solanum dulcamara, also known as bittersweet, bittersweet nightshade, bitter nightshade, blue bindweed, climbing nightshade

A vine is a growth form based on long, flexible stems. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. This has two purposes. A vine may use rock exposures, other plants, or other supports for growth rather than investing energy in a lot of supportive tissue, enabling the plant to reach sunlight with a minimum investment of energy. This has been a highly-successful growth form for plants such as kudzu and Japanese honeysuckle, both of which are invasive exotics in parts of North America. Pueraria lobata (syn P montana P thunbergiana) (sometimes known as foot a night vine, mile a minute vine, Gat Gun, Ge Gan and The Japanese Honeysuckle ( Lonicera japonica; Suikazura 水[[wiktionary 鬘|鬘]] or スイカズラ in Japanese) is a species of Introduced species|Weed Invasive species is a phrase with several definitions There are some tropical vines that develop skototropism, and grow away from the light, a type of negative phototropism. Phototropism is directional growth in which the direction of growth is determined by the direction of the light source Growth away from light allows the vine to reach a tree trunk, which it can then climb to brighter regions. ^[1]

The vine growth form may also enable plants to colonize large areas quickly, even without climbing high. This is the case with periwinkle and ground ivy. Vinca (from Latin vincire: "to bind fetter" or Periwinkle is a genus of five species in the family Apocynaceae, Glechoma hederacea ( Ground-ivy; syn Nepeta glechoma Benth, Nepeta hederacea ( L It is also an adaptation to life in areas where small patches of fertile soil are adjacent to exposed areas with more sunlight but little or no soil. A vine can root in the soil but have most of its leaves in the brighter, exposed area, getting the best of both worlds.

A climbing habit has evolved independently in several plant families, using many different climbing methods. ^[2] Some plants climb by twining their stems around a support (e. g. , morning glories, Ipomoea species). "Ipomoea" is also a track by the Ethereal wave band Love Spirals Downwards, and a short story by John Rackham published by Ace Books in Others climb by way of adventitious, clinging roots (e. g. , ivy, Hedera species), with twining petioles (e. Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family g. , Clematis species), or using tendrils, which can be specialized shoots (Vitaceae), leaves (Bignoniaceae), or even inflorescences (Passiflora). Clematis (from Ancient Greek klematis, a climbing plant probably periwinkle) is a Genus of mostly vigorous climbing Lianas In Botany, a tendril is a specialized stem, Leaf or petiole with a threadlike shape that is used by Climbing plants for support Vitaceae are a family of Dicotyledonous Flowering plants including the Grape and Virginia creeper. The Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of Flowering plants comprising of about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. Passion flower ( Passiflora; syn Disemma Labill) is a Genus of about 500 Species of Flowering plants in Species of Parthenocissus (Vitaceae) produce twining tendrils that are modified stems, but which also produce adhesive pads at the end that attach themselves quite strongly to the support. Parthenocissus ( creepers) is a Genus of climbing plants from the grape family Vitaceae. The evolution of a climbing habit has been implicated as a key innovation associated with the evolutionary success and diversification of a number of taxonomic groups of plants. ^[3]

Most vines are flowering plants. These may be divided into woody vines or lianas, such as wisteria, kiwifruit, and common ivy, and herbaceous (nonwoody) vines, such as morning glory. The liana is any of various long-stemmed usually woody vines that are rooted in the soil at ground level and use trees as well as other means of vertical support to climb up to Wisteria is a Genus of about ten species of woody climbing Vines native to the eastern United States and the East Asian states of China The kiwifruit (or kiwi is the edible Berry of a cultivar group of the woody Vine Actinidia deliciosa and Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family Morning glory is a common name for over 1000 Species of Flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera

One odd group of vining plants is the fern genus Lygodium, called climbing ferns. Lygodium ( climbing fern) is a genus of about 40 species of Ferns native to tropical regions across the world with a few temperate species in eastern The stem does not climb, but rather the fronds (leaves) do. The fronds unroll from the tip, and theoretically never stop growing. In the meantime, they can form thickets as they unroll over other plants, rockfaces, and fences.

Climbing plants as Garden plants

Gardeners can use the tendency of climbing plants to grow quickly. A gardener is any person involved in the growing and maintenance of plants notably in a Garden. If a plant display is wanted fast a climber can achieve this. Climbers can be trained over walls, pergolas, fences etc. A wall is a usually solid structure that defines and sometimes protects an area A pergola is a Garden feature forming a shaded walk or passageway of pillars that support cross beams and a sturdy open lattice upon which woody vines are trained A fence is a freestanding structure designed to restrict or prevent movement across a boundary Climbers can be grown up other plants to provide additional attraction. Artificial support can also be provided. Some climbers climb by themselves; others need work, such as tying them in and training them.

Some types of vines

• Grape
• Wild Grape
• Virginia Creeper
• Wisteria
• Common Ivy
• Poison Ivy
• Morning Glory
• Kudzu
• Sweet pea
• Bougainvillea
• Common Hop

References

See also

• Liana
• Lycopodiopsida (Clubmosses)