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The term Vermont Republic has been used by 21st century writers[1] to describe the period of the U. S. state of Vermont from July 1777, when delegates met and declared independence from jurisdictions and land claims of British colonies in New Hampshire and New York, until its admission to the United States in 1791 as the fourteenth state[2]. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1791 ( MDCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
While an independent state, and assuming many of the functions of a nation, including issuing currency called Vermont coppers from a mint operated by Reuben Harmon in East Rupert (1785-1788) [3] and operating a postal system, it never referred to itself in its constitution or state documents as the Vermont Republic, but instead used the State of Vermont. Vermont coppers is the name given to copper coins issued by the Vermont Republic. Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1788 ( MDCCLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap While the other three independent republics that became U. S. states (the Republic of Texas, the California Republic, and the Republic of Hawaii) used the term "president" to refer to their chief executives, Vermont used the term "governor. The Republic of Texas was a sovereign Nation in North America between the United States and Mexico that existed from 1836 to The California Republic, also called the Bear Flag Republic, was the result of a revolt by Americans on June 14 1846, in the town of Sonoma The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawai{{okina}}i from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a Republic "
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History
In 1763, the Treaty of Paris ended the French and Indian War, giving the area to the British. Year 1763 ( MDCCLXIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain The French and Indian War (1754&ndash1763 was the North American chapter of the Seven Years' War. The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800 Parts of the region were controlled by the Province of New York and the Province of New Hampshire, with overlap due to controversy surrounding the New Hampshire Grants, and George III's decision to make that part of New York. The Province of New York (1664-1776 (Provincie New York resulted from the capture of the Dutch Republic colony of Provincie Nieuw-Nederland by the The Province of New Hampshire was a crown colony organized on October 7, 1691 during the period of British colonization of the Americas. The New Hampshire Grants or Benning Wentworth Grants were Land grants made between 1749 and 1764 by the provincial governor of New Hampshire, New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous
Founding
Ethan Allen and his "Green Mountain Boys" became the militia, and fought against the British, particularly those associated with the crown colony of New York, and on January 15, 1777 the rebels declared the region independent as the Republic of New Connecticut, although it was sometimes known colloquially as the Republic of the Green Mountains[4]. Ethan Allen (January 10 1738 – February 12 1789 was an early American revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the Province of New York The Green Mountain Boys were historically the militia of the Vermont Republic. Events 588 BC - Nebuchadrezzar II of Babylon lays siege to Jerusalem under Zedekiah 's reign Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Green Mountains are a Mountain range in the US state of Vermont. On July 8 of that same year, the name of the fledgling nation was officially changed to Vermont (from the French for Green Mountains, les Monts Vert)[5] upon the suggestion of Dr. Thomas Young,[6] a Boston Tea Party leader and mentor for Ethan Allen. Events 939 - The Major Occultation or Ghaybat el-Kubra of Muhammad al-Mahdi 1099 - First Crusade: 15000 Dr Thomas Young was an American radical during the American Revolutionary War who advocated for independence from Britain The Boston Tea Party was an act of Direct action protest by the American colonists against the British Government in which they destroyed many Ethan Allen (January 10 1738 – February 12 1789 was an early American revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the Province of New York
John Greenleaf Whittier's poem The Song of the Vermonters, 1779 describes the period in ballad form. John Greenleaf Whittier (December 17 1807 &ndash September 7 1892 was an influential American Quaker Poet and ardent advocate of the abolition of Slavery " The Song of the Vermonters 1779 " is a poem by the American Quaker poet John Greenleaf Whittier ( December 17, 1807 &ndash September First published anonymously, the last stanza's similarities with some of Ethan Allen's prose caused the text to be attributed to Allen for nearly 60 years[7] The last stanza reads:
Come York or come Hampshire, come traitors or knaves,
If ye rule o'er our land ye shall rule o'er our graves;
Our vow is recorded–our banner unfurled,
In the name of Vermont we defy all the world!
Frame of government
The Constitution of Vermont was drafted and ratified at Elijah West's Windsor Tavern in 1777, and was the first written constitution for an independent state in North America. The Constitution of Vermont was Vermont's Constitution when it existed as the independent Vermont Republic from 1777 to 1791. The Old Constitution House located at Windsor in the US state of Vermont is the birthplace of the Vermont Republic and the Constitution of the State This constitution was modeled after the radically democratic Pennsylvania one on the suggestion of Dr. Young, who worked with Thomas Paine and others on that 1776 document in Philadelphia. Thomas Paine (January 29 1737 &ndash June 8 1809 was an English Pamphleteer, Revolutionary, radical, Inventor, and Intellectual Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə It was also the first constitution in the New World to outlaw slavery and allow all adult males to vote, regardless of property ownership. Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to During the Vermont Republic, sometimes referred to as "the first republic", a veiled suggestion of future independence, the government issued its own coinage and currency, and operated a postal service. The general Assembly and Governor's Council adopted the infantry banner of the Green Mountain Boys as the national flag of the nascent republic. The flag of the Green Mountain Boys began as a regimental flag used by the Green Mountain Boys. The governor of Vermont, Thomas Chittenden,[8] with consent of his council and the unicameral General Assembly, appointed ambassadors to France, the Netherlands, and the American government seated in Philadelphia. Thomas Chittenden ( January 6, 1730 August 25, 1797) was an important figure in the founding of Vermont. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə There is no evidence of a true exchange of ambassadors.
A reluctant republic
The Vermont Republic is sometimes referred to as a "reluctant republic" because many early citizens favored political union with the United States. While the Continental Congress did not allow a seat for Vermont, William Samuel Johnson, representing Connecticut, was engaged by Vermont to promote its interests[9]. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the William Samuel Johnson (1727-1819 was an early American statesman who was notable for signing the United States Constitution, for representing Connecticut in the In 1785 Johnson was granted title to the former King's College Tract by the Vermont General Assembly as a form of compensation for representing Vermont's interests[10]. The King's College Tract was a lot of forested land in the vicinity of the present towns of Cambridge and Johnson in the U
Symbolism of fourteen
Much of the symbolism associated with Vermont in this period expressed a desire for political union with the United States. Vermont's coins minted in 1785 and 1786 bore the inscription "STELLA QUARTA DECIMA" translating from Latin to English as the fourteenth star, presumably fourteen following the original thirteen U. Stella quarta decima ( Latin "The Fourteenth Star" is a motto appearing on Vermont copper coinage struck in 1785 and 1786 S. states. And the Great Seal of Vermont, designed by Ira Allen, centrally features a fourteen branched pine tree. The Great Seal of Vermont is the official seal of the US state of Vermont, used to emboss and authenticate official documents Ira Allen ( April 21, 1751 - January 7, 1814) was one of the founders of Vermont and leaders of the Green Mountain Boys Today the use of fourteen by early Vermonters might seem to come from the present number of counties (14), but before statehood Vermont never exceeded ten counties.
Union
Vermont's independent status held until 1791, when Vermont joined the Union, in part as a non-slaveholding counterweight to the slaveholding Kentucky. The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. The admission of Vermont was supported by the North, the smaller states, and states concerned about the impact of the sea-to-sea grants held by other states. Thomas Chittenden served as governor for Vermont for most of this period, and became its first governor as a member-state in the United States. The Governor of Vermont is the Governor ( Chief executive, Head of government) of the U
The 1793 Vermont state constitution made relatively few changes to the 1777 Vermont republic constitution, for example, retaining many original ideas, as noted above, and keeping the separation of powers. It remains in force with several amendments. [11]
See also
References
- ^ Van DeWater, Frederic F. Second Vermont Republic (SVR is a Secessionist group within the U (1941, 1974). The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press, pp. 195, 218–219. ISBN 0-914378-02-3.
- ^ Van DeWater, Frederic F. (1941, 1974). The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press, p. xix. ISBN 0-914378-02-3.
- ^ Margaret Bucholt Manchester and the Mountains Chamber of Commerce An Insider's Guide to Southern Vermont, Penguin, 1991
- ^ Van DeWater, Frederic F. (1941, 1974). The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. . The Countryman Press, p. 182. ISBN 0-914378-02-3.
- ^ Van DeWater, Frederic F. (1941, 1974). The Reluctant Republic, Vermont 1724–1791. . The Countryman Press, pp. 195, 218–219. ISBN 0-914378-02-3.
- ^ Allen, Ira (1798, 1974). The Natural and Political History of Vermont. . J. W. Myers, London, Charles. E. Tutle (1969 edition), p. 59. ISBN 0--8043-0419-2.
- ^ "Song of the Vermonters; the ode attributed to Ethan Allen. Its authorship finally settled–John G. Whittier Acknowledges it as His, but Only as "a Boy's Practical Joke."", The New York Times, 1877-08-06. Retrieved on 2008-04-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 68 - Galba, Governor of Hispania, names himself legatus senatus populique Romani, breaking the line of
- ^ Allen, Ira (1798, 1974). The Natural and Political History of Vermont. . J. W. Myers, London, Charles. E. Tutle (1969 edition), p. 72. ISBN 0--8043-0419-2.
- ^ Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. . The Stephen Greene Press, pp. 282-283. ISBN 0-9-8289-0291-7.
- ^ Swift, Esther M. (1977). Vermont Place-Names, Footprints in History. . The Stephen Greene Press, pp. 580, 587-588. ISBN 0-9-8289-0291-7.
- ^ 1793 Vermont Constitution
- Allen, Ira [1798] (1969). Ira Allen ( April 21, 1751 - January 7, 1814) was one of the founders of Vermont and leaders of the Green Mountain Boys The natural and political history of the State of Vermont, one of the United States of America. Charles E. Tuttle Company. ISBN 0-8048-0419-2.
- Bryan, Frank, and John McClaughry. The Vermont Papers: Recreating Democracy on a Human Scale. Chelsea Green Publishing: 1989. ISBN 0-930031-19-9.
- Orton, Vrest. Personal Observations on the Republic of Vermont. Academy Books: 1981. ISBN 0-914960-30-X.
- Van de Water, Frederic Franklyn (1974). The Reluctant Republic: Vermont 1724–1791. The Countryman Press. ISBN 0-914378-02-3.
- The Constitution of the State of Vermont: a Facsimile Copy of the 1777 Original. The Vermont Historical Society: 1977.
External links
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