University of Fort Hare
Motto:	In lumine tuo videbimus lumen (In Thy light we shall see the light)
Established:	1916
Type:	Public university
Vice-Chancellor:	DR M Tom
Students:	6000
Location:	Alice, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Website:	http://www.ufh.ac.za/

Fort Hare University in South Africa was a key institution in higher education for black Africans from 1916 to 1959. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The date of establishment or date of founding of an Institution is the date on which that institution chooses to claim as its starting point Year 1916 ( MCMXVI) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A public university is a University that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government as opposed to private universities. A Vice-Chancellor (commonly called the VC) of a University in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, New Zealand, The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation Verb "studēre" Alice, a town in South Africa, is named after Princess Alice, daughter of the British Queen Victoria. The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa It offered a Western-style, academically excellent education to students from across sub-Saharan Africa, creating a black African elite. Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries Fort Hare alumni were part of many subsequent independence movements and governments of newly independent African countries.

In 1959, the university was subsumed by the apartheid system, but it is now part of South Africa's post-apartheid education system. The University is located on the Tyhume river, in a town known as Alice in English and eDikeni in Xhosa language. Alice, a town in South Africa, is named after Princess Alice, daughter of the British Queen Victoria. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States Xhosa (ˈkǁʰoːsa ( isiXhosa) is one of the Official languages of South Africa. It is in the Eastern Cape Province about 50 km west of King Williams Town (or eQonce) in a region that for a while was known as the "independent" Bantustan of Ciskei. The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. King William's Town, a town of South Africa, in the Eastern Cape province and on the Buffalo River, 50 kilometers (42 miles by rail or about 40 minutes' A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West Ciskei was a Bantustan in the south east of South Africa. It consisted of two separate blocks of land covering 2970 square miles (7700 km³ almost entirely

The Fort

Originally, Fort Hare was a British fort in the wars between British and the Xhosa of the 19th century. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for See also Xhosa language The Xhosa (ǁʰɔsɑ( people are speakers of Bantu languages living in south-east South Africa, and in the last two Some of the ruins of the fort are still visible today. Missionary activity (James Stewart) led to the creation of a school for missionaries from which at the beginning of the 20th century the university resulted. A missionary is a member of a Religion who works to convert those who do not share the missionary's faith someone who proselytizes. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects In accord with its Christian principles, fees are minimal and heavily subsidised. Several scholarships were also available for indigent students.

University

Fort Hare is one of the oldest universities in southern Africa, and was the first Western-style tertiary education institution in the whole continent to be open to non-white students. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings Higher education is Education that is provided by universities, vocational universities, Community colleges Liberal arts colleges (African madrasahs have been teaching Islam and other subjects, at a scholarly level, to all races since the 9th century. "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. ) The university claims many famous alumni, including some who were expelled for protests during the period of white minority rule and never graduated. A dominant minority, also known as alien elites if they are recent immigrants is a group that has overwhelming political, economic or Cultural Graduation is the action of receiving or conferring an Academic degree or the associated ceremony Thus the list of so-called alumni as shown below also includes attendees.

Anti-apartheid activity

In the struggle years there was much anti-apartheid activity, including the Black Consciousness Movement of Steve Biko. The Black Consciousness Movement ( BCM was a Grassroots anti- Apartheid activist movement that emerged in South Africa in the mid-1960s out of Stephen Bantu Biko December 1946 &ndash 12 September 1977 was a noted anti-[[apartheid] activist in South Africa in the 1960s and early A few students became politically active and opposed the apartheid authorities who enjoyed the unqualified support of the Fort Hare authorities since it became a University in 1972.

Fort Hare past and present

James Stewart monument on Somgxata hill above the University of Ford Hare

Many forces have interacted in the Eastern Cape. The Eastern Cape is a province of South Africa. Its capital is Bhisho. Incoming Afrikaners and British met with Xhosa-speakers in the eighteenth century, and the long process of conflict, followed by the subordination and expropriation of the indigenous people, took place over more that one hundred years. The term Afrikaner people refers to white Afrikaans -speaking people who have been established in Southern Africa since the 17th century and are mainly of northwestern An important British base at this time, named after a military officer, was Fort Hare, near which grew the small town of Alice.

The process of colonization and expropriation was paradoxical. Colonisation (also known as Colonization) occurs whenever any one or more species populates a new area Brutal military conquest, and integration of the population into the colonial economy, was accompanied by the spread of Christianity. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The missionaries who carried the new ideas were themselves part of colonial expansion, but brought with them a creed which was taken by Africans and forged into a tool for grappling with the challenges of the colonial world. The South African Native College, later the University of Fort Hare, was, ironically, founded in 1916 on the site of the earlier British military stronghold. The College originated from the sometimes uneasy alliance between the new class of educated African Christians, supported by a number of traditional Southern African leaders, and early twentieth-century white liberals, many of them clergy. Liberalism is a broad array of related ideas and theories of Government that consider individual Liberty to be the most important political goal Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given Religion.

The religious tradition at the heart of Fort Hare’s origin, shared by black and white, stood at its best for ‘plain living and high thinking’, and for education that was undeniably Eurocentric. Eurocentrism is the practice of viewing the world from a European perspective with an implied belief either consciously or subconsciously in the preeminence of European (and But it did not make the assumption, central to the Bantu Education implemented in South Africa from the 1950s, that black Africans required and deserve a different, inferior education.

Fort Hare produced graduates, from South Africa and as far north as Kenya and Uganda, who knew they were as good as the best. The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south The Republic of Uganda is a Landlocked country in East Africa. Many went on to prominent careers in fields as diverse as politics, medicine, literature and art. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter Art refers to a diverse range of Human activities creations and expressions that are appealing to the Senses or Emotions of a human individual Some politically-active alumni like Oliver Tambo, Nelson Mandela, Govan Mbeki, Robert Sobukwe and Mangosuthu Buthelezi in South Africa, Robert Mugabe and Herbert Chitepo in Zimbabwe, and Elius Mathu and Charles Njonjo in Kenya, are well known. Oliver Reginald Tambo ( 27 October 1917 - 24 April 1993) was a South African anti- Apartheid politician and a central figure Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative Govan Archibald Mvuyelwa Mbeki ( 9 July 1910 - 30 August 2001) was a South African Politician, and father of the former Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe ( 5 December 1924; 27 February 1978 was a South African Political dissident, who founded the Pan Africanist Inkosi Mangosuthu ("Gatsha" Ashpenaz Nathan Buthelezi (born August 27, 1928) is a South African Zulu leader and leader of the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Herbert Wiltshire Chitepo ( 15 June, 1923 &ndash 18 March, 1975) led the Zimbabwe African National Union until the Central See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Charles Mugane Njonjo (born 1920 is a former Kenyan Attorney General (1963 &ndash 1979 and Minister for Constitutional Affairs (1980 &ndash 1983 The Republic of Kenya is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Ethiopia to the north Somalia to the northeast Tanzania to the south But, to name examples, there are also, from South Africa, the poet Dennis Brutus, the Drum journalist Can Themba, the sculptor and painter Ernest Mancoba and the Xhosa author and scholar Archibald Campbell Jordan. Dennis Vincent Brutus (born November 28, 1924, Salisbury Rhodesia) is a South African Poet. Daniel Canodoise Themba, (1942 – 1968 better known as Can Themba was a South African short-story Author. Painting (pān'tīng in Art, is the practice of applying Color to a Surface (support base such as e Archibald Campbell Mzolisa Jordan ( 30 October 1906 - 1968 was a Novelist, Literary historian and intellectual pioneer of African studies The first black Zimbabwean medical doctor, Tichafa Samuel Parirenyatwa, and the historian, novelist and politician Stanlake Samkange, were among the many non-South Africans who spent formative years at Fort Hare. Stanlake John William Thompson Samkange (1922–1988 was a Zimbabwean Historiographer, Educationist, Journalist, Author, and

Though Fort Hare operated in an environment of racial segregation even before apartheid, the college contained the seeds of a more tolerant South Africa. It was as racially inclusive as it could be at the time, with Black, Coloured and Indian students; it had men and women students from the beginning; its mainly White staff included black academics like ZK Matthews and DDT Jabavu; students’ home languages ranged through Xhosa, Sotho, Zulu, Afrikaans and many others. The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse In the South African Namibian Zambian Botswanan and Zimbabwean context the term Coloured (also known as Bruinmense India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country White People is the second album by Handsome Boy Modeling School. See also Xhosa language The Xhosa (ǁʰɔsɑ( people are speakers of Bantu languages living in south-east South Africa, and in the last two The Zulu ( IsiZulu: amaZulu) are the largest South African ethnic group of an estimated 10-11 million people who live mainly in the province of KwaZulu-Natal Afrikaans is an Indo-European language, derived from 17th century Dutch and classified as Low Franconian Germanic, mainly spoken in

The takeover of the college in 1959-60 by the National Party government put an end to these achievements. The National Party ( Afrikaans: Nasionale Party) (with its members sometimes known as Nationalists or Nats) was the governing party of Fort Hare was transformed into an ethnic college for Xhosa speakers. Outspoken staff members were expelled and a new administration, conspicuously loyal to the government and intent on imposing its world-view, was installed. The campus grew over the next three decades, and student numbers rose, but Fort Hare was reduced to the level of “Bush Colleges’ that the government proceeded to institute in many homelands. In a parody of true academic maturity, Fort Hare became in 1970, self-governing and ‘independent’. With the creation of Ciskei in 1980, Fort Hare became the university of a microstate, recognized only by its fellow Bantustans and by South Africa’s minority government, a marked decline from its previous status as the greatest centre of black higher education in Southern and Eastern Africa. Ciskei was a Bantustan in the south east of South Africa. It consisted of two separate blocks of land covering 2970 square miles (7700 km³ almost entirely A bantustan or more commonly black african homeland or simply homeland, was territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South-West

The values and traditions of Fort Hare were embattled after 1960. The apartheid state made a determined attack upon the institution and did immense damage. However, some continuities of its unique and proud historical traditions of non-racism, critical debate and aspiration towards educational excellence were never eliminated and these are now being nurtured and built upon

The tradition survived, firstly, amongst the students and a small but growing number of progressive academics. Many rejected the attempt to turn Fort Hare into an ethnic institution, and from various directions – political, religious and cultural – kept alive a spirit of opposition. In the 1960s various African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress aligned organizations emerged and were quickly suppressed. The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions The Pan Africanist Congress of Azania (once known as the Pan Africanist Congress, abbreviated as the PAC was a South African liberation movement that Subsequently, Fort Hare became a stronghold of the Black Consciousness oriented South African Students’ Organisation. Later still, there were constant protests by students, brutally suppressed, against the Ciskei homeland regime.

The tradition survived, also, in the affection and loyalty of people towards Fort Hare, and, when the opportunity arose after 1990 when the apartheid-era administration was expelled, opted to work here. These included Sibusiso Bengu, the first black Vice Chancellor of the new dispensation, later Minister of Education and currently the University Chancellor; Makhenkesi Stofile, the Minister of Sport and Recreation; and Sipho Pityana, Registrar in the early 1990’s. Sibusiso Mandlenkosi Emmanuel Bengu (b 8 May 1934) is a prominent South African Politician. Makhenkesi Arnold Stofile (born 27 December 1944) is currently South Africa 's Minister of Sport and Recreation. It survived in the creation of a new Pan-Africanism and internationalism, with learners from Zimbabwe to Eritrea, and staff from all over Africa and the world. See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Eritrea () ( Ge'ez: ኤርትራ ʾErtrā, Arabic: إرتريا Iritriya) officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in Many came because they knew of Fort Hare’s historical reputation and wanted to contribute to its newfound opportunities towards renaissance. It survives in the remarkable archival records at Fort Hare, made up of the papers of the ANC and other liberation movements in exile. The African National Congress (ANC has been South Africa 's governing party supported by its Tripartite alliance with the Congress of South African Trade Unions The archives of the university itself record an extraordinary and sustained educational achievement, forming a corporate memory now being made accessible to scholars.

This tradition survived especially notably in the University’s determination, under dynamic new leadership since 1999, to pull back from the brink of institutional collapse, to refute any misconceived national attempt at higher education rationalization that would cause it to fade away or disallow its distinctive voice to be heard. To contemporary Fort Hare, it is important to acknowledge, record and question its history, and to extract the most liberating, enriching and valuable elements from its history as building blocks towards a radically modernized institution. In the process it is building on the real strengths of its historical inheritance, geographical locations, stakeholder constituencies and committed workforce, and does not rely on a nostalgic invocation of previous glory.

The university is redefining its role as the producer and disseminator of new knowledge, particularly focusing on its central place in the reshaping of post apartheid South Africa, and repositioning itself as empowerment agent in the political, economic, cultural and social revolution that is unfolding in the subcontinent and beyond. Its curriculum and research agenda is being tuned to resonate with the contextual social renaissance, both by stimulating it and by being responsive to it. At the same time it is utterly conscious of the need to engage and partner with the surrounding communities and region in a serving capacity and to extend into society at large through interesting new interconnections.

Following a decision by the Ministry of Education, the university has, since January 2004, been incorporating and integrating a new campus in the city of East London, formerly of Rhodes University, into UFH. Rhodes University is a university in South Africa named after Cecil Rhodes. This significant development in a new larger operating environment presents significant challenges as well as a set of strategic opportunities for the calculated expansion of UFH into new markets, enabling it to play a stimulating and catalytic role in the development of the city. Hence it is strategically planning to grow and develop programmes in a much wider student market and is re-profiling Fort Hare across the three campuses in Alice, Bhisho and East London. Bhisho, formerly known as Bisho, is the capital of the Eastern Cape Province in South Africa. As the backbone to a new academic system, five new Faculties were being established in 2005-6. A faculty is a division within a University. The concept of a university with different faculties for different subjects dates back to Al-Azhar University, which had Over the next period significant expansion in the portfolio of academic and strategic programmes are foreseen.

The University of Fort Hare is indeed more determined than ever before to be a worthy builder on its distinctive and illustrious past.

University of Fort Hare Strategic Plan 2000

The programme launched by Prof. Swartz was the UFH Strategic Plan 2000. The plan was meant to address the universities financial situation and academic quality standards simultaneously. The focus of the university was narrowed and consequently 5 faculties remained:

• Education
• Science and Agriculture
• Social Sciences & Humanities
• Management & Commerce
• Faculty of Law

Further narrowing the focus, 14 institutes have been founded to deal with specific issues, such as the UNESCO Oliver Tambo Chair of Human Rights. Through their location the institutes have excellent access to poor rural areas, and consequently emphasis is placed on the role of research in improving quality of life and economic growth (and especially sustainable job creation). Among the outreach programmes, the Telkom Centre of Excellence maintains a "living laboratory" of 4 schools at Dwesa on the Wild Coast, which have introduced computer labs and internet access to areas that until 2005 did not even have electricity. The projects at Dwesa focus research on Information and Communication for Development (ICD). Icsjpg|thumb| Inveneo Computing Station]] Information and Communication Technologies for Development ( ICT4D) is a general term referring to the application of

Notable alumni

(Others, unknown DOB)

• Tiyo Soga - religion, Vice-Chancellor of the University of South Africa
• K. Events 1576 - Henry of Navarre converts to Roman Catholicism in order to ensure his right to the throne of France. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 537 - The Hagia Sophia is completed 1512 - The Spanish Crown issues the Laws of Burgos, governing the Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Samuel Clement Nolutshungu ( April 15, 1945 &ndash August 12, 1997) was one of the foremost South African scholars and an internationally Events 1450 - Battle of Formigny: Toward the end of the Hundred Years' War, the French attack and nearly annihilate English Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar Nyameko Barney Pityana FKC ( August 7 1945 -) is a lawyer and theologian in South Africa. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Bulelani T Ngcuka (ɓulelaːni ŋǀʱuːkʼa born 2 May 1954) was the first national Director of Public Prosecutions in South Africa, and is Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter. Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) The Director of Public Prosecutions is the officer charged with the prosecution of criminal offences in several Criminal jurisdictions around the world Year 1954 ( MCMLIV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1954 Gregorian calendar) Joseph Diescho (born April 10, 1955, Andara, Kavango Region) is a Namibian writer and political analyst Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) John Mandlakayise Hlophe (born 1 January 1959 in Stanger, KwaZulu-Natal) is Judge President of the Cape Provincial Division of the High New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The year 1959 ( MCMLIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Mokhele - science
• Don Ncube - business

See also: List of universities in South Africa

External links

• Official website
• Promotional site
• Some Fort Hare alumni

	South African universities
Traditional universities Cape Town | Fort Hare | Free State | KwaZulu-Natal | Limpopo | North-West Pretoria | Rhodes | Stellenbosch | Western Cape | Witwatersrand Comprehensive universities Johannesburg | Nelson Mandela | Unisa | Venda | Walter Sisulu | Zululand Universities of technology Cape Peninsula | Central | Durban | Mangosuthu | Tshwane | Vaal