United States dollar
$1 to $100 notes United States coins
ISO 4217 Code	USD
Official user(s)	United States
Unofficial user(s)	9 countries and territories  British Virgin Islands (U.K.)  Ecuador  El Salvador  Marshall Islands  Federated States of Micronesia  Palau  Panama  Turks and Caicos Islands (U.K.)
Inflation	2. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI is a Micronesian nation of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean The Federated States of Micronesia is an Island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea. Palau, officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800  km) east Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. The Turks and Caicos Islands ( TCI) (ˈtɜːks ænd ˈkeɪkəs are a British Overseas Territory consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the West Indies The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located In economics inflation or price inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services over a period of time 7% (United States only)
Source	The World Factbook, 2007 est.
Pegged by	21 currencies Aruban florin Bahamian dollar Bahraini dinar Barbadian dollar Belize dollar Belarusian ruble Bermudian dollar Cayman Islands dollar Cuban convertible peso Djiboutian franc East Caribbean dollar Eritrean nakfa Hong Kong dollar (narrow band) Jordanian dinar Lebanese pound Maldivian rufiyaa Netherlands Antillean gulden Omani rial Qatari riyal Saudi riyal United Arab Emirates dirham
Subunit
1/10	Dime
1/100	Cent
1/1000	Mill
Symbol	$ or US$
Cent	¢ or c
Mill	₥
Nickname	Buck, green, and greenback. A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of Exchange rate regime wherein a Currency 's value is matched to the value of The florin is the currency of Aruba. It is subdivided into 100 cents The dollar ( ISO 4217 code BSD) has been the Currency of The Bahamas since 1966. The dinar (دينار is the Currency of Bahrain. The ISO 4217 currency code is BHD The dollar has been the Currency of Barbados since 1882. The present dollar has the ISO 4217 code BBD and is normally abbreviated The dollar ( Currency code BZD) has been the Currency of Belize since 1885 The ruble (рубель plural forms рублі and рублёў is the Currency of Belarus. The dollar ( ISO 4217 code BMD) is the Currency of Bermuda. It is normally abbreviated with the Dollar sign $ or The dollar ( Currency code KYD) is the Currency of the Cayman Islands. The convertible peso (sometimes given as CUC$) (informally called a chavito) is one of two official currencies in Cuba, the other being the peso The franc (فرنك is the Currency of Djibouti. The ISO 4217 currency code is DJF. The East Caribbean dollar ( Currency code XCD) is the Currency of eight of the nine members of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States The nakfa ( ISO 4217 code ERN) is the Currency of Eritrea. It is divided into 100 cents The currency was introduced in 1997 The dinar ( ISO 4217 code JOD; unofficially known as JD) is the currency of Jordan. The Lebanese pound ( lira in Arabic, ليرة or livre in French) ( ISO 4217: "Lebanese pound" LBP is the currency The rufiyaa ( Dhivehi: ދިވެހި ރުފިޔާ is the currency of the Maldives. The guilder (gulden is the currency of the Netherlands Antilles. The rial ( Arabic: ريال ISO 4217 code OMR) is the Currency of Oman. The Riyal ( Arabic: ريال ISO 4217 code QAR) is the currency of Qatar. The riyal ( Arabic: ريال ISO 4217 code SAR) is the currency of Saudi Arabia. The dirham (درهم ( sign: دإ; code: AED) is the currency of the United Arab Emirates. The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar. In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit The mill or mille (₥ (sometimes mil in the UK, when discussing Property taxes in the United States, or previously in Cyprus A currency sign is a graphic symbol often used as a shorthand for a Currency 's name In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit The mill or mille (₥ (sometimes mil in the UK, when discussing Property taxes in the United States, or previously in Cyprus BUCK is the first full-length Album released by Christian Ska band BUCK Enterprises. Also, Washingtons, Jeffersons, Lincolns, Benjamins, and Hamiltons are used based on denomination;[1] also peso in Puerto Rico, and piastre in Cajun Louisiana. The word peso (meaning weight in Spanish was the name of a coin that originated in Spain and became of immense importance internationally Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} The piastre or piaster was a unit of currency It was originally equal to one silver Dollar or Peso, served as the major unit of currency of French The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America
Coins
Freq. United States coinage was first minted by the new republic in 1792 used	1¢, 5¢, 10¢, 25¢
Rarely used	50¢, $1
Banknotes
Freq. The United States one-cent coin is a unit of Currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar. The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar. A quarter dollar is a coin worth 1/4 of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. The half dollar of the United States, sometimes known as the fifty-cent piece, has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in Gold, Silver, and Base metal versions used	$1, $5, $10, $20, $50, $100
Rarely used	$2
Central bank	Federal Reserve Bank
Website	www.federalreserve.gov
Printer	Bureau of Engraving and Printing
Website	www.moneyfactory.gov
Mint	United States Mint
Website	www.usmint.gov

The dollar (currency code USD) is the unit of currency of the United States. The United States one-dollar bill ($1 is the most common denomination of US currency. The United States five-dollar bill ($5 is a denomination The United States ten-dollar bill ($10 is a denomination of United States currency. Pre-Federal Reserve history 1861 A Demand note with Lady Liberty holding a sword and shield on the front and an abstract design on the The United States fifty-dollar bill ($50 is a denomination of United States currency. The United States one hundred-dollar bill ($100 is a denomination of United States currency. The United States two-dollar bill ($2 is a current denomination of U A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is the entity responsible for the Monetary policy of a country or of a group of member states A printer is a company that provides commercial Printing services often also offering Typesetting and Book-binding services The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety A mint is an industrial facility which manufactures Coins for Currency. The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its Trade and Commerce. ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The U. S. dollar has also been adopted as the official and legal currency by the governments in a few other countries. The U. S. dollar is normally abbreviated as the dollar sign, $, or as USD or US$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies and from others that use the $ symbol. The dollar (often represented by the Dollar sign: "$" is the name of the official Currency in several countries dependencies and other It is divided into 100 cents. In many national currencies, the cent is a monetary unit that equals 1/100 of the basic monetary unit

Taken over by the Congress of the Confederation of the United States on July 6, 1785,^[2] the U. The Congress of the Confederation or the United States in Congress Assembled was the governing body of the United States of America from March 1, Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1785 ( MDCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common S. dollar is the currency most used in international transactions. ^[3] Several countries use the U. S. dollar as their official currency, and many others allow it to be used in a de facto capacity. ^[4] In 1995, over US $380 billion were in circulation, two-thirds of which was outside the United States. By 2005, that figure had doubled to nearly $760 billion, with an estimated half to two-thirds being held overseas,^[5] representing an annual growth rate of about 7. 6%. However, as of December 2006, the dollar was surpassed by the euro in terms of combined value of cash in circulation. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e ^[6] Since then the current value of euro cash in circulation has risen to more than €695 billion, equivalent to US$1. 029 trillion at current exchange rates. This list compares various sizes of positive Numbers including counts of things Dimensionless quantity and probabilities. In Finance, the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specifies how ^[7]

Overview

Series of 1917 $1 United States Bearer Note

The U. S. dollar uses the decimal system, consisting of 100 equal cents (symbol ¢). In another division, there are 1,000 mills or ten dimes to a dollar; additionally, the term eagle was used in the Coinage Act of 1792 for the denomination of ten dollars, and subsequently was used in naming gold coins. The mill or mille (₥ (sometimes mil in the UK, when discussing Property taxes in the United States, or previously in Cyprus The eagle was a base-unit of denomination issued only for Gold coinage by the United States Mint. The Coinage Act or the Mint Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 In the second half of the 19th century there were occasional discussions of creating a $50 gold coin, which was referred to as a "Half Union," thus implying a denomination of 1 Union = $100. However, only cents are in everyday use as divisions of the dollar; "dime" is used solely as the name of the coin with the value of 10¢, while "eagle" and "mill" are largely unknown to the general public, though mills are sometimes used in matters of tax levies and gasoline prices. The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar. When currently issued in circulating form, denominations equal to or less than a dollar are emitted as U.S. coins while denominations equal to or greater than a dollar are emitted as Federal Reserve notes (with the exception of gold, silver and platinum coins valued up to $100 as legal tender, but worth far more as bullion). United States coinage was first minted by the new republic in 1792 (Both one-dollar coins and notes are produced today, although the note form is significantly more common. ) In the past, paper money was occasionally issued in denominations less than a dollar (fractional currency) and gold coins were issued for circulation up to the value of $20 (known as the "double eagle", discontinued in the 1930's). United States Fractional Currency notes were issued by the US A Double Eagle is a Gold coin of the United States with a denomination of $20

U. S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its Trade and Commerce. U. S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP is a government agency within the United States Department of the Treasury that designs and produces a variety The "large-sized notes" issued before 1928 measured 7. A large-sized note is a bill of any denomination of US currency printed between 1863 and 1929 42 inches (188 mm) by 3. 125 inches (79. 4 mm); small-sized notes, introduced that year, measure 6. A large-sized note is a bill of any denomination of US currency printed between 1863 and 1929 14 inches (156 mm) by 2. 61 inches (66 mm) by 0. 0043 inches (0. 11 mm).

Etymology

The name Thaler (from German thal, or nowadays usually Tal, "valley", cognate with "dale" in English) came from the German coin Guldengroschen ("great guilder", being of silver but equal in value to a gold guilder), minted from the silver from a rich mine at Joachimsthal (St. The Thaler (or Taler or Tolar) was a Silver Coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred Years Its name lives on The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Guldengroschen was a large Silver Coin originally minted in Tirol in 1486. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 For other places called Joachimsthal see Joachimsthal (disambiguation Jáchymov (ˈjaxɪmof in German originally Thal, later Sankt Joachimsthal Joachim's Valley, now Jáchymov) in Bohemia (then part of the Holy Roman Empire, now part of the Czech Republic). Bohemia (Čechy; Bohemia Czechy is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western two-thirds of the traditional Czech Lands, currently the The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia,

For further history of the name, see dollar. The dollar (often represented by the Dollar sign: "$" is the name of the official Currency in several countries dependencies and other

Nicknames

The colloquialism buck (much like the British term "quid") is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U. A colloquialism is an expression not used in formal speech, writing or Paralinguistics. S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial fur trade. Greenback is another nickname originally applied specifically to the 19th century Demand Note dollars created by Abraham Lincoln to finance the costs of the Civil War for the North. This article is about the Demand Notes issued by the US government Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The Northern United States is a large geographic region of the United States of America. The original note was printed in black and green on the back side. It is still used to refer to the U. S. dollar (but not to the dollars of other countries).

Grand, sometimes shortened to simply G, is a common term for the amount of $1,000. The suffix K (from "kilo-") is also commonly used to denote this amount (such as "$10K" being pronounced "Ten kay" to mean $10,000). Kilo- (symbol k is a prefix in the SI and other systems of units denoting 103 or 1000 Banknotes' nicknames are usually the same as their values (such as five, twenty, etc. ) The $5 bill has been referred to as a "fin" or a "fiver" or a "five-spot;" the $10 bill as a "sawbuck," a "ten-spot," or a "Hamilton"; the $20 bill as a "double sawbuck," a "twomp," a "twenty-banger," or a "Jackson;" the $1 bill is sometimes called a "single," the $2 bill a "deuce" or a "Tom," and the $100 bill is nicknamed the hunsky, a "Benjamin," "Benjie," or "Frank" (after Benjamin Franklin, who is honored on the note), or a C-note (C being the Roman numeral for 100) or a Century Note. Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. Occasionally these will be referred to as "dead presidents," although neither Hamilton ($10) nor Franklin ($100) was President. $100 notes are occasionally referred to as 'large' in banking ("twenty large" being $2,000, etc. ). The newer designs are sometimes referred to as "Bigface" bills.

In Panama, the translation of buck is palo (lit. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. BUCK is the first full-length Album released by Christian Ska band BUCK Enterprises. stick); a nickname for the balboa (dollar). For example: Esto vale 20 palos ("This is worth 20 bucks"). In Puerto Rico (as well as by Puerto Ricans living in the continental U. S. ), the dollar is often referred to as a "peso. " In French speaking areas of Louisiana and Canada, the dollar is referred to as a Piastre which is pronounced "Pay-as" and cents is replaced by the French holdhover of "sous" which the last "s" is silent.

Dollar sign

Main article: Dollar sign

The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U. S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). An example would be "$14", which is read as "fourteen dollars". The sign's ultimate origins are not certain, though it is widely accepted that it comes from the Spanish Coat of arms , which carries the two Pillars of Hercules and the motto Ne Plus Ultra in the shape of an "S". The current Coat of arms of Spain was approved by law in 1981 when the present established replaced the interim version which in turn replaced the official arms of Francoist The Pillars of Hercules was the phrase that was applied in Antiquity to the promontories that flank the entrance to the Strait of Gibraltar. The Spanish were the first to use the dollar sign for their currency, which was later adopted in the US, and which was later replaced by the US dollar.

History

See also: History of the United States dollar

Rare 1934 $500 Federal Reserve Note, featuring a portrait of President William McKinley. The history of the United States dollar covers more than 200 years William McKinley Jr ( January 29, 1843 September 14, 1901) was the twenty-fifth President of the United States, and the last

The first dollar coins issued by the United States Mint were of the same size and composition as the Spanish dollar and even after the American Revolutionary War the Spanish and U. History Spain Following the introduction of the Guldengroschen in Austria in 1486 the concept of a large silver coin with high purity (sometimes known as "specie" In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" S. silver dollars circulated side by side in the United States. The coinage of various English colonies also circulated. The lion dollar was popular in the Dutch New Netherland Colony (New York), but the lion dollar also circulated throughout the English colonies during the Seventeenth and early Eighteenth centuries. Examples circulating in the colonies were usually fairly well worn so that the design was not fully distinguishable, thus they were sometimes referred to as "dog dollars". ^[8]

The U. S. dollar was originally created and defined by the Coinage Act of 1792. The Coinage Act or the Mint Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated It specified a "dollar" to be between 371 and 416 grains (27. 0 g) of silver (depending on purity) and an 'eagle" to be between 247 and 270 grains (17 g) of gold (again depending on purity). It set the value of an eagle at 10 dollars, and the dollar at 1/10th eagle. It called for 90% silver alloy coins in denominations of 1, 1/2, 1/4, 1/10, and 1/20; it called for 90% gold alloy coins in denominations of 1, 1/2, 1/4, and 1/10.

The value of gold or silver contained in the dollar was then converted into relative value in the economy for the buying and selling of goods. This allowed the value of things to remain fairly constant over time, except for the influx and outflux of gold and silver in the nation's economy. According to an evaluation of data from the U. S. Department of Treasury, the cost of goods and services remained relatively consistent between 1635 and 1913, around a level of roughly 25 times the buying power of the U. S. dollar in 2006.

For articles on the currencies of the colonies and states, see Connecticut pound, Delaware pound, Georgia pound, Maryland pound, Massachusetts pound, New Hampshire pound, New Jersey pound, New York pound, North Carolina pound, Pennsylvania pound, Rhode Island pound, South Carolina pound and Virginia pound. The pound was the currency of Connecticut until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated along with foreign currencies The pound was the currency of Delaware until 1793 Initially the British pound and foreign coins circulated The pound was the currency of Georgia until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated The pound was the currency of Maryland until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated along with foreign coins The pound was the currency of Massachusetts until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated with foreign coins supplemented by locally-produced coins between The pound was the currency of New Hampshire until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated supplemented from 1709 by local paper money The pound was the currency of New Jersey until 1793 Initially the British pound and some foreign currencies circulated supplemented from 1709 by local paper money The pound was the currency of New York until 1793 Initially the British pound and some foreign currencies circulated supplemented by local paper money from 1709 The pound was the currency of North Carolina until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated supplemented from 1709 by local paper money The pound was the Currency of Pennsylvania until 1793 Initially the British pound and certain foreign coins circulated supplemented from 1723 by local The pound was the currency of Rhode Island until 1793 Initially the British pound and foreign coins circulated supplemented by local paper money from 1710 The pound was the currency of South Carolina until 1793 Initially the British pound circulated supplemented from 1703 by local paper money This article is about the colonial currency for the actress Virginia Pound see Adrian Booth.

Continental currency

See also: Continental currency

Continental One Third Dollar Note (obverse)

In 1775, the United States and the individual states began issuing "Continental Currency" denominated in Spanish dollars and (for the issues of the states) the £sd currencies of the states. Continental currency was a Paper currency issued by the Continental Congress, after the Revolutionary War began in 1775 The dollar was valued relative to the states' currencies at the following rates:

The continental currency suffered from printing press inflation and was replaced by the silver dollar at the rate of 1 silver dollar = 1000 continental dollars. The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. New Hampshire ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state Delaware ( is a state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. New Jersey ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States South Carolina ( is a state in the southern region ( Deep South) of the United States of America.

Silver and gold standards

From 1792, when the Mint Act was passed, the dollar was pegged to silver and gold at 371. The Coinage Act or the Mint Act, passed by the United States Congress on April 2, 1792, established the United States Mint and regulated 25 grains of silver, 24. In many cultures a grain is a unit of measurement of Mass that is based upon the mass of a single seed of a typical Cereal. 75 grains (1. 604 g) of gold (15:1 ratio). 1834 saw a shift in the gold standard to 23. The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold 2 grains (1. 50 g), followed by a slight adjustment to 23. 22 grains (1. 505 g) in 1837 (16:1 ratio).

In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnect from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The use of paper money not backed by precious metals had occurred under the Articles of Confederation from 1777 to 1788 when paper money became referred to as "not worth a continental". This was a primary reason for the "No state shall. . . make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts" clause in article 1, section 8 of the United States Constitution.

In 1900, the bimetallic standard was abandoned and the dollar was defined as 23. 22 grains (1. 505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20. Troy weight is a system of units of Mass customarily used for Precious metals Black powder, and Gemstones Named after Troyes 67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1969.

Gold coins were withdrawn in 1933 and the gold standard was changed to 13. The gold standard is a monetary system in which a region's common media of exchange are paper notes that are normally freely convertible into pre-set fixed quantities of Gold 71 grains (0. 888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. Troy weight is a system of units of Mass customarily used for Precious metals Black powder, and Gemstones Named after Troyes This standard persisted until 1968. Between 1968 and 1975, a variety of pegs to gold were put in place. The price was at $42. 22 per ounce before January 1, 1975 saw the U. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1975 ( MCMLXXV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. S. dollar freely float on currency markets. The foreign exchange ( currency or forex or FX) market refers to the market for currencies.

According to the Bureau of Printing and Engraving, the largest note it ever printed was the $100,000 Gold Certificate, Series 1934. These notes were printed from December 18, 1934 through January 9, 1935, and were issued by the Treasurer of the United States to Federal Reserve Banks only against an equal amount of gold bullion held by the Treasury. Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1934 ( MCMXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 475 - Byzantine Emperor Zeno is forced to flee his capital at Constantinople. Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. These notes were used for transactions between Federal Reserve Banks and were not circulated among the general public.

Coins

Main article: Coins of the United States dollar

Official United States coins have been produced every year from 1792 to the present. United States coinage was first minted by the new republic in 1792 In normal circulation today, there are coins of the denominations 1¢ ([one] cent, also referred to as a penny), 5¢ (nickel), 10¢ (dime), 25¢ (quarter dollar officially, or simply quarter in common usage), 50¢ (half dollar officially, sometimes referred to as a fifty-cent piece), and $1 (dollar officially, but frequently referred to as a dollar coin).

Dollar coins

Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Dollar coins have been minted in the United States in Gold, Silver, and Base metal versions ^[9] Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Gold dollars were also minted in the 1800s. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly-equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Susan Brownell Anthony ( February 15, 1820 &ndash March 13, 1906) was a prominent American Civil rights leader who played The Susan B Anthony dollar is a United States coin minted from 1979 to 1981, and again in 1999. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U. S. coins, they remain legal tender. Legal tender or forced tender is Payment that by Law, cannot be refused in settlement of a Debt ( Debtor cannot successfully be sued As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin featuring Sacagawea was introduced, which corrected some of the mistakes of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea; see below) (c 1788 – December However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support. There are indications that the dollar coin's failure was also due to the unwillingness of armored transport companies to make the necessary adjustments to handle the new coins, and the government's reluctance to mandate it. ^[10] The result of the armored carriers' unwillingness to handle the new coins was that they virtually never reached merchants in quantities sufficient to be given out as change on a routine basis, or for retail clerks to become used to handling them.

In February 2007, the US Mint, under the Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005,^[11] introduced a new $1 US Presidential dollar coin. The United States Mint primarily produces circulating coinage for the United States to conduct its Trade and Commerce. The Presidential $1 Coin Program is part of an Act of Congress,, which directs the United States Mint to produce $1 coins with Based on the success of the "50 State Quarters" series, the new coin features a rotating portrait of deceased presidents in order of their inaugurations, starting with George Washington, on the obverse side. The 50 State Quarters program ( is the release of a series of commemorative coins by the United States Mint. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the The reverse side features the Statue of Liberty. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented To allow for larger, more detailed portraits, the traditional inscriptions of "E Pluribus Unum," "In God We Trust," the year of minting or issuance, and the mint mark will be inscribed on the edge of the coin instead of the face. This feature, similar to the edge inscriptions seen on the British £1 coin, is not usually associated with US coin designs. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency The inscription "Liberty" has been eliminated, with the Statue of Liberty serving as a sufficient replacement. Liberty Enlightening the World (La liberté éclairant le monde commonly known as the Statue of Liberty (Statue de la Liberté was presented In addition, due to the nature of US coins, this will be the first time there will be circulating US coins of different denominations with the same President featured. (Lincoln/penny, Jefferson/nickel, Franklin D. Roosevelt/dime, Washington/quarter and Kennedy/half dollar. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The United States one-cent coin is a unit of Currency equaling one one-hundredth of a United States dollar. Thomas Jefferson (April 13 1743 – July 4 1826 was the third President of the United States (1801–1809 the principal author of the Declaration of Independence The United States five- cent Coin, commonly called a nickel, is a unit of Currency equaling one-twentieth or five hundredths of a The dime is a coin worth Ten cents, or one tenth of a United States dollar. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the A quarter dollar is a coin worth 1/4 of a United States dollar, or 25 cents. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of The half dollar of the United States, sometimes known as the fifty-cent piece, has been produced nearly every year since the inception of the United States ) Another unusual fact about the new $1 coin is Grover Cleveland will have two coins with his portrait issued due to the fact he was the only US President to be elected to two non-consecutive terms. Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18 1837 June 24 1908 was both the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States. ^[12]

Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. ^[13] Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes which have been withdrawn from circulation bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. A vending machine is a machine that provides various snacks beverages and other products to consumers A banknote (often known as a bill, paper money or simply a note) is a kind of Negotiable instrument, a Promissory note made by a

Other denominations

The United States has minted other coin denominations at various times from 1792 to 1935: half-cent, 2-cent, 3-cent, 20-cent, $2. 50 (Quarter Eagle), $3. 00, $5. 00 (Half Eagle), $10. 00 (Eagle), $20. 00 (Double Eagle) and $50. 00 (Half Union). Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though they are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. Numismatics (numisma nomisma "coin" from the νομίζειν nomízein, "to use according to law" is the study or collection of Currency Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. In addition, an experimental $4. 00 (Stella)coin was also minted, but never placed into circulation and is properly considered to be a pattern rather than an actual coin denomination. 1 dollar gold pieces were also made, and are the smallest American coin ever to be made. Half dimes preceded the nickel 5 cent piece for about the first half of the 19th century. The $50 coin mentioned was only produced in 1915 for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition (1915) celebrating the opening of the Panama Canal. The Panama-Pacific International Exposition (PPIE was a World's fair held in San Francisco California between February 20 and December 4 in The Panama Canal is a man-made Canal in Panama which joins the Only 1,128 were made, 645 of which were octagonal; this remains the only US coin that was not round as well as the largest and heaviest US coin ever. (The Susan B. Anthony dollar was round in shape; only the frame of the images on either side was decagonal. ^[14])

From 1934 to present the only denominations produced for circulation have been the familiar penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar and dollar. The nickel is the only coin still in use today that is essentially unchanged (except in its design) from its original version. Every year since 1866, the nickel has been 75% copper and 25% nickel, except for 4 years during World War II when nickel was needed for the war.

Collectors' coins

Since 1982 the United States Mint has also produced many different denominations and designs specifically for collectors and speculators. There are silver, gold and platinum bullion coins, called "American Eagles," all of which are legal tender though their use in everyday transactions is non-existent. Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Platinum (ˈplætɪnəm is a Chemical element with the Atomic symbol Pt and an Atomic number of 78 Precious Metal is the eighteenth episode in the of the popular American Crime drama, which is set in Las Vegas, Nevada. The reason for this is that they are not intended for use in transactions and thus the face value of the coins is much lower than the worth of the precious metals in them. The American Silver Eagle bullion coin is issued only in the $1 (1 troy ounce) denomination and has been minted yearly starting in 1986. The American Silver Eagle is the official silver bullion coin of the United States. Troy weight is a system of units of Mass customarily used for Precious metals Black powder, and Gemstones Named after Troyes The American Gold Eagle bullion coin denominations (with gold content), minted since 1986, are: $5 (1/10 troy oz), $10 (1/4 troy oz), $25 (1/2 troy oz), and $50 (1 troy oz). For the $10 pre-1932 US gold circulation coin see Eagle Specifications Each of the four sizes contains 91 The American Platinum Eagle bullion coin denominations (with platinum content), minted since 1997, are: $10 (1/10 troy oz), $25 (1/4 troy oz), $50 (1/2 troy oz), and $100 (1 troy oz). Specifications Reverse of proof coins Beginning in 1998 proof versions of the American Platinum Eagle began a program entitled "Vistas of Liberty" The silver coin is 99. 9% silver, the gold coins are 91. 67% gold (22 karat), and the platinum coins are 99. The KARAT (abbreviation "K" or 'Kt' or "KP" for Karat Plumb is a measure of the Purity of Gold Alloys. 95% platinum. These coins are not available from the Mint for individuals but must be purchased from authorized dealers. In 2006 The Mint began direct sales to individuals of uncirculated bullion coins with a special finish, and bearing a "W" mintmark. The Mint also produces high quality "proof" coins intended for collectors in the same denominations and bullion content which are available to individuals. Proof coinage means special early samples of a Coin issue historically made for checking the dies and for archival purposes but nowadays often struck in greater

Mint marks

Most U. S. Coins bear a "mint mark" as part of the design, usually found on the front of the coin near the date. The Philadelphia mint issues coins bearing a letter P (or no mark at all), while the Denver mint uses a letter D. The former San Francisco mint used an S, though no coins have been released from that mint since the 1970's. The West Point mint uses a W, though this is rarely seen as the West Point mint only makes high denomination coins (with face values over $1. 00) which are not meant for everyday use. A CC mark, for Carson City, was used for a short time in the mid-nineteenth century, but the mint at that location was only a temporary establishment. The New Orleans mint used a mint mark O. It operated from the 1830's until the civil war, and again from 1879-1909.

Banknotes

Main article: Federal Reserve Note

The United States dollar is unique in the way that there have been more than 10 types of banknotes, such as Federal Reserve Bank Note, gold certificate, and United States Note. Federal Reserve bank notes were United States currency Banknotes issued by individual Federal Reserve Banks They were based upon the earlier National A gold certificate in general is a certificate of ownership that Gold owners hold instead of storing the actual gold A United States Note (known popularly in its day as a "greenback" is a fiat paper currency that was issued directly into circulation by the United See Obsolete U.S. currency and coinage for complete listing. The Federal Reserve Note is the only type that remains in circulation since the 1970s.

The largest denominations of currency currently printed or minted by the United States are the $100 bill and the $100 one troy ounce Platinum Eagle.

Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination ceased being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. "Crime syndicate" redirects here For the DC Comics group of villains see Crime Syndicate. President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000, and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. Today the Currency of the United States, the US dollar, is printed in bills in denominations of $1, $2, $5, $10

The design of the notes has been accused of being unfriendly to the visually-impaired. A U. S. District Judge ruled on November 28, 2006 that the American bills gave an undue burden to the blind and denied them "meaningful access" to the U. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. S. currency system. The judge has ordered the Treasury Department to begin working on a redesign within 30 days. ^[15]

Value

Consumer Price Index

US Consumer Price Index 1913-2006

Main article: United States Consumer Price Index

Factors influencing the price

Borrowing costs, economic growth: The minutes to the August 8, 2006 meeting, at which the Federal Open Market Committee kept short-term interest rates unchanged for the first time in more than two years, supported the view that U. The US Consumer Price Index is a Time series measure of the price level of consumer goods and services Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC a component of the Federal Reserve System, is charged under U S. borrowing costs have peaked. The dollar fell on the news on August 29, 2006, and has continued lower August 30, 2006, largely ignoring news the U.S. government has revised its estimate of second-quarter economic growth 2006 up to 2. Events 708 - Copper coins are minted in Japan for the first time (Traditional Japanese date: August 10, 708) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. 9% from the initial 2. 5%. ^[16]

Time-relative value

The following table shows the equivalent amount of goods, in a particular year, that could be purchased with $1. ^[17]

The value of $1 over time, in 1776 dollars. ^[18]

International use

Worldwide use of the U. S. dollar and the euro:      United States      External adopters of the US dollar      Currencies pegged to the US dollar      Currencies pegged to the US dollar w/ narrow band      Eurozone      External adopters of the euro      Currencies pegged to the euro      Currencies pegged to the euro w/ narrow band

The dollar is also used as the standard unit of currency in international markets for commodities such as gold and petroleum (the latter sometimes called petrocurrency). Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e Euro Enlargement of the Petroleum ( L petroleum, from Greek πετρέλαιον, lit Petrocurrency is a Portmanteau Neologism used with three distinct meanings though often confused Trading surpluses of oil producing nations originally Even foreign companies with little direct presence in the United States, such as the European company Airbus, list and sell their products in dollars, although some argue this is attributed to the aerospace market being dominated by American companies. Airbus SAS (ˈɛərbʌs in English, Airbus2ogg|/ɛʁbys/]] in French, and /ˈɛːɐbʊs/ in German) is an aircraft manufacturing

At the present time, the U. S. dollar remains the world's foremost reserve currency. A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a Currency which is held in significant quantities by many governments and institutions as part of their Foreign In addition to holdings by central banks and other institutions there are many private holdings which are believed to be mostly in $100 denominations. The majority of U. S. notes are actually held outside the United States. All holdings of US dollar bank deposits held by non-residents of the US are known as eurodollars (not to be confused with the euro) regardless of the location of the bank holding the deposit (which may be inside or outside the U. Eurodollars are deposits denominated in United States dollars at Banks outside the United States, and thus are not under the Jurisdiction of the Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e S. ) Economist Paul Samuelson and others maintain that the overseas demand for dollars allows the United States to maintain persistent trade deficits without causing the value of the currency to depreciate and the flow of trade to readjust. Paul Anthony Samuelson (born May 15, 1915) is an American neoclassical Economist known for his contributions to many fields of The balance of trade (or net exports, sometimes symbolized as NX) is the difference between the monetary value of Exports and imports in an Milton Friedman at his death believed this to be the case but, more recently, Paul Samuelson has said he now believes that at some stage in the future these pressures will precipitate a run against the U. Milton Friedman (July 31 1912 November 16 2006 was an American Nobel Laureate Economist and Public intellectual. S. dollar with serious global financial consequences. ^[19]

Dollar versus euro

Not long after the introduction of the euro (€ ; ISO 4217 code EUR) as a cash currency in 2002, the dollar began to depreciate steadily in value. The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established As U. S. trade and budget deficits continued to increase, the euro started rising in value. By December 2004, the dollar had fallen to new lows against all major currencies; the euro rose above $1. 36/€ (under €0. 74/$) for the first time, in contrast to previous lows in early 2003 (€0. 87/$). In the first quarter of 2004 the U. S. dollar, with the advantage of Federal Reserve's policy of raising the interest rates, regained some standing against all major currencies, climbing from €0. Interest is a fee paid on borrowed capital Assets lent include Money, Shares, Consumer goods through Hire purchase, major assets 78/$ to €0. 84/$. However, all gains were lost in the second half of 2004, and the dollar stood at €0. 74/$ at the end of 2004. Since 2002, the only year in which the dollar actually recovered against the euro was 2005. Although some analysts previewed the dollar dropping as far as $1. 60/€ (€0. 63/$), it finished 2005 with an increase against the euro, climbing to €0. 83/$. An interest rate reduction by the Federal Reserve on September 18, 2007, raised the euro's value significantly and caused the dollar to fall below €0. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. 70 one month later, to new record lows. ^[20] Economists like Alan Greenspan suggest that another reason for the continued fall of the dollar is its decreasing role as the world's reserve currency. Alan Greenspan (born March 6 1926 in New York City) is an American Economist and was from 1987 to 2006 the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of Jim Rogers declared that he thinks the dollar's value will fall even further, especially against the Chinese yuan. For other uses see James Rogers (disambiguation. James B Rogers Jr Chinese officials signaled plans to diversify the nation's $1. 43 trillion reserve in response to a falling U. S. currency which also set the dollar under pressure. ^[21][22] The dollar sank to new lows against the euro in the days following 4 March 2008, following a series of dour reports on the U.S. economy and expectations that the Federal Reserve will continue slashing interest rates. Events 51 - Nero, later to become Roman Emperor, is given the title Princeps iuventutis (head of the youth 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Economy of the United States is the largest national economy in the world ^[23]

The dollar as the major international reserve currency

Main article: Reserve currency

Percentage of global currencies

The dollar is the most important international reserve currency, followed by the euro. A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a Currency which is held in significant quantities by many governments and institutions as part of their Foreign A reserve currency (or anchor currency) is a Currency which is held in significant quantities by many governments and institutions as part of their Foreign Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The euro inherited this status from the German mark, and since its introduction, has increased its standing considerably, mostly at the expense of the dollar. Despite the dollar's recent losses to the euro, it is still by far the major international reserve currency, with an accumulation more than double that of the euro.

In August 2007, two scholars affiliated with the government of the People's Republic of China threatened to sell its substantial reserves in American dollars in response to pressure that they exercise fair trade. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Fair trade is an organized Social movement and market-based approach to empowering developing country producers and promoting sustainability ^[24] The Chinese government denied that selling dollar-denominated assets would be an official policy in the foreseeable future.

Former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan said in September 2007 that the euro could replace the U. Alan Greenspan (born March 6 1926 in New York City) is an American Economist and was from 1987 to 2006 the Chairman of the Federal Reserve of S. dollar as the world's primary reserve currency. It is "absolutely conceivable that the euro will replace the dollar as reserve currency, or will be traded as an equally important reserve currency. "^[25]

US Dollar Index

Main article: US Dollar Index

The US Dollar Index (USDX) is the creation of the New York Board of Trade (NYBOT). The International Monetary Fund ( IMF) is an International organization that oversees the Global financial system by following the Macroeconomic The European Central Bank (ECB is one of the world's most important Central banks responsible for Monetary policy covering the 15 member countries of the The New York Board of Trade (NYBOT is a wholly-owned subsidiary of IntercontinentalExchange (ICE It was established in 1973 for tracking the value of the USD against a basket of currencies, which, at that time, represented the largest trading partners of the United States. It began with 17 currencies from 17 nations, but the launch of the euro subsumed 12 of these into just one, so the USDX tracks only six currencies today. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e

The Index is described by the NYBOT as "a trade weighted geometric average". ^[26] The baseline of 100. 00 on the USDX was set at its launch in March 1973. This event marks the watershed between the fixed-rate system of the Bretton Woods regime and the floating-rate system of the Smithsonian regime. The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states The Smithsonian Agreement was a December 1971 agreement that ended the Fixed exchange rates established at the Bretton Woods Conference of 1944 Since then, the USDX has climbed as high as the 160s and drifted as low as the 70s.

The USDX has not been updated to reflect new trading realities in the global economy, where the bulk of trade has shifted strongly towards new partners like China and Mexico and oil exporting countries while the United States homeland has itself de-industrialized.

Dollarization and fixed exchange rates

Other nations besides the United States use the U. S. dollar as their official currency, a process known as official dollarization. Dollarization occurs when the inhabitants of a country use foreign Currency in parallel to or instead of the domestic currency For instance, Panama has been using the dollar alongside the Panamanian balboa as the legal tender since 1904 at a conversion rate of 1:1. Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. The balboa is the Currency of Panama. Its ISO 4217 code is PAB. Ecuador (2000), El Salvador (2001), and East Timor (2000) all adopted the currency independently. The economy of Ecuador is based mainly on exports of bananas oil shrimp other primary agricultural products and money transfers from nearly a million Ecuadorian immigrants The Economy of East Timor is one of the world's poorest in part due to decades of both neglect and misaligned economic priorities under Portuguese and subsequent The former members of the U. S. -administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which included Palau, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands, chose not to issue their own currency after becoming independent, having all used the U. The Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (TTPI was a United Nations trust territory in Micronesia (western Pacific) administered by the United Palau, officially the Republic of Palau (Beluu er a Belau is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800  km) east The Federated States of Micronesia is an Island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, north of Papua New Guinea. The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI is a Micronesian nation of islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean S. dollar since 1944. Two British dependencies also use the U. S. dollar: the British Virgin Islands (1959) and Turks and Caicos Islands (1973). The British Virgin Islands ( BVI) is a British overseas territory, located in the Caribbean to the east of Puerto Rico. The Turks and Caicos Islands ( TCI) (ˈtɜːks ænd ˈkeɪkəs are a British Overseas Territory consisting of two groups of tropical islands in the West Indies

Some other countries link their currency to U. S. dollar at a fixed exchange rate. A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of Exchange rate regime wherein a Currency 's value is matched to the value of The local currencies of Bermuda and the Bahamas can be freely exchanged at a 1:1 ratio for USD. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury The Bahamas is a stable developing nation with an economy heavily dependent on Tourism and Offshore banking. Argentina used a fixed 1:1 exchange rate between the Argentine peso and the U. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. In Finance, the exchange rates (also known as the foreign-exchange rate, forex rate or FX rate) between two currencies specifies how The peso (originally established as the nuevo peso argentino or peso convertible) is the currency of Argentina. S. dollar from 1991 until 2002. The currencies of Barbados and Belize are similarly convertible at an approximate 2:1 ratio. Overview Since achieving independence in 1966 the island nation of Barbados has transformed itself from a low-income economy dependent upon Sugar production into The economy of Belize depended on Forestry until well into the 20th century In Lebanon, one dollar is equal to 1500 Lebanese pound, and is used inter­changeably with local currency as de facto legal tender. Lebanon's economy and Markets are best described at the dawn of the new millennium by a private and liberal economic activity and an openness to abroad with perfect Capital The Lebanese pound ( lira in Arabic, ليرة or livre in French) ( ISO 4217: "Lebanese pound" LBP is the currency The exchange rate between the Hong Kong dollar and the United States dollar has also been linked since 1983 at HK$7. A linked exchange rate system is a type of Exchange rate regime to link the exchange rate of a Currency to another 8/USD, and pataca of Macau, pegged to Hong Kong dollar at MOP1. The pataca ( ISO 4217 code MOP) is the currency of Macau. It is subdivided into 100 avos ( Cantonese: 仙 sin) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics. 03/HKD, indirectly linked to the U. S. dollar at roughly MOP8/USD. Several oil-producing Gulf Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia, peg their currencies to the dollar, since the dollar is the currency used in the international oil trade. The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi

The People's Republic of China's renminbi was informally and controversially pegged to the dollar in the mid-1990s at ¥ 8. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES 28/USD. Likewise, Malaysia pegged its ringgit at RM3. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The ringgit (formerly and now unofficially known as the Malaysian dollar) is the Currency of Malaysia. 8/USD in 1997. On July 21, 2005 both countries removed their pegs and adopted managed floats against a basket of currencies. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Kuwait did likewise on May 20, 2007,^[27] and Syria did likewise in July 2007. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية ^[28]

Belarus, on the other hand, will tie its currency, the Belarusian ruble, with the U. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east The ruble (рубель plural forms рублі and рублёў is the Currency of Belarus. S. dollar in 2008. ^[29]

In some countries, such as Peru and Uruguay, although USD is not officially regarded as a legal tender, it is commonly accepted. Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America In Mexico's border area and major tourist zones, it is accepted as if it were a second legal currency. Many stores in Canada also accept the U. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page S. dollar. In Cambodia, the USD circulates freely, or even preferred over the Cambodian riel. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The riel ( Khmer: រៀល Symbol ៛ is the Currency of Cambodia. Amounts of one dollar or more are given in dollars, while the riel serves as a subunit. ^[30][31][32] After the U. S. invasion of Afghanistan, U. S. dollars are accepted as if it were legal tender. Prices of most big ticket items such as houses and cars are set in U. S. dollars.

Exchange rates

Historical exchange rates

• Big Mac Index

See also

• Fiat currency
• Gold as an investment
• Silver as an investment
• Category:Historical currencies of the United States
• Where's George?
• Economy of the United States
• North American currency union

References

External links

• U.S. Bureau of Engraving and Printing
• The U.S. Treasury's Coins & Currency portal
• American Currency Exhibit at the San Francisco Federal Reserve Bank
• U.S. Treasury page with images of all current banknotes
• Summary of BEP Production Statistics
• U.S. Currency and Coin Outstanding and in Circulation
• PaperMoneyGuide - Information for collectors of US Currency
• Relative values of the US dollar, from 1790 to 2006
• Wheres George Currency Tracking Project

• The Global History of Currencies - United States of America
• Global Financial Data currency histories table ( Microsoft Excel format)

Images of U. S. currency and coins

• U.S. Bureau of Engraving: Banknotes
• U.S. Mint: Image Library

• Don's World Coin Gallery - United States of America
• Ron Wise's World Paper Money - United States of America ^{Mirror site}