Citizendia

Navy SEALs

U. S. Navy SEALs Insignia
ActiveJanuary 1, 1962–present
CountryUnited States
BranchUnited States Navy
TypeMaritime Special Operations Force
RoleMaritime and Riverine special operations
Size~2,500
Part ofUnited States Naval Special Warfare Command
United States Special Operations Command
Garrison/HQCoronado, California
Little Creek, Virginia
NicknameFrogmen
Motto(Unofficial) "Ready to Lead, Ready to Follow, Never Quit", "The Only Easy Day Was Yesterday", "It Pays to be a Winner"
EngagementsVietnam War
Operation Urgent Fury
Achille Lauro hijacking
Operation Just Cause
Operation Desert Storm
Operation Restore Hope
Battle of Mogadishu (Four operators from the Development Group were a part of the assault convoy)
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Operation Red Wing

The United States Navy Sea, Air and Land Forces, commonly known as the US Navy SEALs, are the elite Special Operations Forces of the U.S. Navy, employed in unconventional warfare, foreign internal defense, direct action, counter-terrorism, and special reconnaissance operations. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the United States Special Operations Forces are active and reserve Component forces of U The United States Naval Special Warfare Command ( SPECWARCOM, NAVSOC, or NSW) was commissioned April 16 1987 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado The United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM or SOCOM) is the Unified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations Coronado is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. The Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek is the major operating base for the Amphibious Forces in the United States Navy 's Atlantic Fleet. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an Invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea 100 miles north Concept and construction Ordered in 1938 her Keel was laid in 1939 at Vlissingen, Netherlands, for Rotterdamsche Lloyd The United States invasion of Panama, codenamed Operation Just Cause, was the Invasion of Panama by the United States in December 1989 Unified Task Force (UNITAF was a United States led United Nations sanctioned multinational force which operated in the Republic of Somalia from 9 The Battle of Mogadishu (also referred to as the Battle of the Black Sea) or The United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group, commonly known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six ( ST6) by civilians is the United States Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Operation Red Wing was a failed counter insurgent mission in Kunar province, Afghanistan, involving four members of the U Elite (also spelled Élite) is taken originally from the Latin, eligere, "to elect" United States Special Operations Forces are active and reserve Component forces of U Unconventional warfare (abbreviated UW) is the opposite of Conventional warfare. Foreign internal defense ( FID) is used by a number of Western militaries explicitly by the United States but sharing ideas with countries including France In the context of military Special operations, direct action (DA consists of"Short-duration strikes and other small-scale offensive actions conducted asa special operation Counter-terrorism or counterterrorism refers to the practices tactics, techniques and strategies that Governments militaries, Police departments This article is a subset article under Human Intelligence. For a complete hierarchical list of articles see the intelligence cycle management hierarchy

Contents

History

The US Navy Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT) were a precursor to the current United States Navy SEALs. Underwater Demolition Teams ( UDT) were a precursor to the current United States Navy SEALs The UDT's conducted beach and hydro-reconnaissance explosive cable Under-Water Demolition Teams began training in June 1943, one year before the invasion of Normandy. In World War II, UDT saw action at Normandy and at various locations in the South Pacific. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The UDT refined and developed their commando tactics during the Korean War, with their efforts initially focused on demolitions and mine disposal. In Military science, the term commando can refer to an individual a Military unit, or a raiding style of military operation. The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the

Underwater Demolition Team jumps over the side from boat.
Underwater Demolition Team jumps over the side from boat.

President John F. Kennedy, aware of the situations in Southeast Asia, recognized the need for unconventional warfare and utilized Special Operations as a measure against guerrilla activity. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of In a speech to Congress in May 1961, Kennedy shared his deep respect of the Green Berets. He announced the government's plan to put a man on the moon, and, in the same speech, allocated over one hundred million dollars toward the strengthening of the Special Forces in order to expand the strength of the American conventional forces. In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance

Realizing the administration's favor of the Army's Green Berets, the Navy needed to determine its role within the Special Forces arena. In March of 1961, the Chief of Naval Operations recommended the establishment of guerrilla and counter-guerrilla units. Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs These units would be able to operate from sea, air or land. This was the beginning the official Navy SEALs. Many SEAL members came from the Navy's UDT units, who had already gained experience in commando warfare in Korea; however, the UDTs were still necessary to the Navy's amphibious force.

The first two teams were on opposite coasts: Team Two in Little Creek, Virginia and Team ONE in Coronado, California. The Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek is the major operating base for the Amphibious Forces in the United States Navy 's Atlantic Fleet. Coronado is a city in San Diego County, California, United States. The men of the newly formed SEAL Teams were educated in such unconventional areas as hand-to-hand combat, high altitude parachuting, safecracking, demolitions and languages. Among the varied tools and weapons required by the teams was the AR-15 assault rifle, a new design that evolved into today's M16. AR-15 (for Ar malite model 15, often mistaken for A utomatic R ifle is the common name for the widely-owned semi-automatic M16 (more formally United States Rifle II Caliber 556 mm M16) is the U The SEALs attended UDT Replacement training and they spent some time cutting their teeth at a UDT Team. Upon making it to a SEAL Team, they would undergo a three-month SEAL Basic Indoctrination (SBI) training class at Camp Kerry in the Cuyamaca Mountains. After SBI training class, they would enter a platoon and train in platoon tactics (especially for the conflict in Vietnam).

The Pacific Command recognized Vietnam as a potential hot spot for conventional forces. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially In the beginning of 1962, the UDT started hydrographic surveys and Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV) was formed. The US Military Assistance Command Vietnam, MACV, ( mack vee) was the United States' unified command structure for all of its military forces in South Vietnam In March of 1962, SEALs were deployed to Vietnam for the purpose of training South Vietnamese commandos in the same methods they were trained themselves.

The Central Intelligence Agency began SEAL covert operations in early 1963. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all At the outset of the war, operations consisted of ambushing supply movements and locating and capturing North Vietnamese officers. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN or less commonly Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa was a Country on the northern half of Vietnam Due to poor intelligence information, these operations were not very successful. When the SEALs were given the resources to develop their own intelligence, the information became much more timely and reliable. The SEALs and Special Operations in general started showing an immense success rate, earning their members a great number of citations.

The SEALs were initially deployed in and around Da Nang, training the South in combat diving, demolitions and guerrilla/anti-guerrilla tactics. This article is about the city of Đà Nẵng For the Vietnam War era air base see Da Nang Air Base or Đà Nẵng International Airport. As the war continued, the SEALs found themselves positioned in the Rung Sat Special Zone where they were to disrupt the enemy supply and troop movements, and into the Mekong Delta to fulfill riverine (fighting on the inland waterways) operations. The brown water of the Delta provided the foundation for the development of SEAL riverine operations. The SEALs adapted quickly and with deadly results. The braces, inlets and estuaries intermingled and left a broad area for both the North and South to operate. The SEALs and Brown Water Navy Boat Crews made it their job to win this part of the war, impeding as much as possible the movement of troops and supplies coming from the North.

The SEAL teams experienced this war like no others. Combat with the Viet Cong was very close and personal. Unlike the conventional warfare methods of firing artillery into a coordinate location, or dropping bombs from thirty thousand feet, the SEALs operated within inches of their targets. SEALs had to kill at short range and respond without hesitation or be killed. Into the late 1960s, the SEALs made great headway with this new style of warfare. Theirs were the most effective anti-guerrilla and guerrilla actions in the war.

However, back in the States the politics of war were working against the administration. The anti-war protest became much louder by the end of the 1960s. The American public began to question this war that was claiming so many of their young men. The anxiety and anger caused by the war began to take its toll and violence erupted at home.

SEALs continued to make forays into North Vietnam and Laos, and unofficially into Cambodia, controlled by the Studies and Observations Group. The Kingdom of Cambodia ( formerly known as Kampuchea (, transliterated: Preăh Réachéanachâkr Kâmpŭchea) is a country in South East The Military Assistance Command Vietnam Studies and Observations Group ( MACV-SOG) was a highly classified multi-service United States Special Forces unit The SEALs from Team 2 started a unique deployment of SEAL team members working alone with South Vietnamese Commandos. In 1967, a SEAL unit named Detachment Bravo (Det Bravo) was formed to operate these mixed US/ARVN units, which were called South Vietnamese Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU).

In the beginning of 1968, the North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong orchestrated a major offensive against South Vietnam. "RVN" redirects here RVN is also the former callsign of a TV station in Wagga Wagga New South Wales Australia Virtually every major city felt the effects of the "Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive was a military campaign conducted between 30 January and 23 September 1968, by forces of the Vietcong, or National Front for " The North hoped it would prove to be America's Dien Bien Phu. For the 1992 film see Dien Bien Phu (film. For the 1954 battle see Battle of Dien Bien Phu. They wanted to break the American public's desire to continue the war. As propaganda the Tet Offensive was successful: America was weary of a war that could not be won, for principles no one was sure of. However, North Vietnam suffered tremendous casualties, and from a purely military standpoint the Tet Offensive was a major disaster to the Communists.

By 1970, the US decided to remove itself from the conflict. President Richard Nixon initiated a Plan of Vietnamization, which would return the responsibility of defense back to the South Vietnamese. Conventional forces were being withdrawn, however, operations of the SEALs continued. The SEALS had developed a new base at the tip of the Ca Mau Peninsula and created a floating firebase, now known as Seafloat, by welding together fourteen barges. Accessible from sea, it also provided a landing area for helos.

On 6 June 1972, Lt. Melvin S. Dry was killed when entering the water after jumping from a helicopter at least 35-feet above the surface. Part of an aborted SDV operation to retrieve Prisoners of War, Lt. Dry was the last Navy SEAL killed in the Vietnam conflict. [1]

Navy SEAL teams and structure

SEALs carrying MP5 submachine guns
SEALs carrying MP5 submachine guns

SEAL teams are organized into two groups: Naval Special Warfare Group One (West Coast), and Naval Special Warfare Group Two (East Coast), which come under the command of Naval Special Warfare Command, stationed at NAB Coronado, California. The MP5 is a 9 mm Submachine gun of German design developed in the 1960s by a team of engineers from the West German arms manufacturer The United States Naval Special Warfare Command ( SPECWARCOM, NAVSOC, or NSW) was commissioned April 16 1987 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado Naval Amphibious Base Coronado (NAB Coronado is a naval installation located across the bay from San Diego CA. As of 2006, there are eight confirmed Navy SEAL Teams. The original SEAL Teams in the Vietnam War were separated between West Coast (Team ONE) and East Coast (Team TWO) SEALs. The current SEAL Team deployments include Teams 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, and 10. The Teams deploy as Naval Special Warfare Squadron's and can deploy anywhere in the world. Squadrons will normally be deployed and fall under a Joint Task Force (JTF) or a Combined Joint Special Operations Task Force (CJSOTF) as a Special Operations Task Force (SOTF)

A SEAL Team has a Staff Headquarters element and three 40-man Task Units. Each Task Unit consist of a Headquarters element consisting of a Task Unit Commander (O-5), a Task Unit Senior Enlisted (E-8), a Targeting/Operations Officer (O-2/3) and a Targeting/Operations Leading/Chief Petty Officer (E-6/7). Under the HQ element are two SEAL platoons of 16 men (2 officers, 14 enlisted SEALs and sometimes 2 enlisted EOD Operators making a platoon of 18); a company-sized combat support staff (CSS) consisting of staff N-codes (the Army uses S-codes and the Marine Corps uses J-Codes); N1 Administrative support, N2 Intelligence, N3 Operations, N4 Logistics, N5 Plans and Targeting, and N8 Air/Medical. Each Task Unit can be easily split into 4 squads or eight 4-man fire teams for operational purposes. The size of each SEAL “Team” with Task Units and support staff is approx. 300 personnel. The typical SEAL platoon of 16 men has an OIC (Officer in Charge, usually an O-3), an AOIC (Assistant Officer in Charge, usually an O-2), a platoon chief (E-7), an LPO (Leading Petty Officer, E-6) and others ranging from E-6 to E-4 (most are E-5). Occasionally there is a "third O". Usually the third O is an O-1 on his first operational deployment. This makes the platoon consist of 3 officers and 13 enlisted personnel. The core leadership in the Task Unit/Troop and Platoon are the Commander/OIC and the Senior Enlisted NCO (Senior Chief/Chief).

Task Unit core skills consist of: Sniper, Breacher, Communicator, Maritime/Engineering, Close Air Support, Corpsman, Point-man/Navigator, Primary Driver/Navigator (Rural/Urban/Protective Security), Heavy Weapons Operator, Sensitive Site Exploitation, Air Operations Master, Lead Climber, Lead Diver/Navigator, Interrogator, Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Technical Surveillance, and Advanced Special Operations.

Each team is commanded by a Navy Commander (O-5), and has a number of operational SEAL platoons and a headquarters element. Commander is a Military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the individual customs of a given military service In 1987, SEAL Team 6 was renamed to the United States Navy Special Warfare Development Group, although members are still frequently referred to informally as "SEAL Team 6". SEAL Team SIX is the US Navy 's main counterterrorist unit whose operatives are drawn from the current SEAL ranks Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek, a naval base in Virginia Beach, Virginia, is home to SEAL Teams 2, 4, 8, and 10. The Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek is the major operating base for the Amphibious Forces in the United States Navy 's Atlantic Fleet. A naval dockyard is a Dockyard that primarily serves a Navy. See also Military base Royal Navy Dockyards Virginia Beach (pronounced /vɚˌdʒɪnjəˈbiːtʃ/ is an Independent city located in the South Hampton Roads area and one of the largest cities in Naval Amphibious Base Coronado, a naval base in Coronado, CA, is home to SEAL Teams 1, 3, 5, and 7. Naval Amphibious Base Coronado (NAB Coronado is a naval installation located across the bay from San Diego CA. Coronado is a city in San Diego County, California, United States.

There are also two SDV units, SDVT-1 located in Pearl Harbor, HI, and SDVT-2 in Virginia. The SEAL Delivery Vehicle or (SDV is a manned Submersible and a type of Swimmer Delivery Vehicle used to deliver United States Navy SEALs and their SDV Teams are SEAL teams with an added underwater delivery capability.

Notable Navy SEALs

an unnamed SEAL during an exercise.
an unnamed SEAL during an exercise.

See also

References

  1. ^ Navy UDT-SEAL Museum:History,Vietnam. Jesse Ventura (born July 15, 1951 as James George Janos) also known as "The Body", "The Star", and "The Minnesota ( Native Americans demonstrated the name to early settlers The Military Assistance Command Vietnam Studies and Observations Group ( MACV-SOG) was a highly classified multi-service United States Special Forces unit The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The 75th Ranger Regiment (Airborne is a Military unit of the United States Army. United States Marine Corps Forces Special Operations Command (MARSOC is a component command of the U The SEAL Delivery Vehicle or (SDV is a manned Submersible and a type of Swimmer Delivery Vehicle used to deliver United States Navy SEALs and their This is a list of occurrences of United States Navy SEALs in fiction The United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group, commonly known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six ( ST6) by civilians is the United States Underwater Demolition Teams ( UDT) were a precursor to the current United States Navy SEALs The UDT's conducted beach and hydro-reconnaissance explosive cable The United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM or SOCOM) is the Unified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations " Red cell " may refer to Red blood cell, a type of cell in the blood that transports oxygen Red Cell, a term in US Government parlance The Mark V SOC (Special Operations Craft is a small marine security/patrol/transport boat manufactured by Halter Marine Inc ( Gulfport, Mississippi) The Special Boat Service ( SBS) is the Special forces unit of the British Royal Navy. Special Service Group Navy ( SSGN) is the commando division of the Pakistan Navy. Retrieved on 2008-01-25. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 41 - After a night of negotiation Claudius is accepted as Roman Emperor by the Senate
  2. ^ Black Hawk Down article: Where are they now?. Retrieved on 2008-01-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome.

Further reading

External links


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