The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations and is one of seven uniformed services. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. " Anchors Aweigh " is the song of the United States Navy, composed in 1906 by Charles A In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Quasi-War was an Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800 The Barbary Wars (or Tripolitan Wars were two wars between the United States of America and Barbary States in North Africa in the early 19th century The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Korean War refers to a period of military conflict between North Korean and South Korean regimes with major hostilities lasting from June 25 1950 until the The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign Please see " Presidential Unit Citation " for other nations' versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units The Navy Unit Commendation of the United States Navy is an award that was established by order of the Secretary of the Navy James Forrestal on 18 December The Meritorious Unit Commendation is a mid-level unit award of the United States military which is awarded to any military command which displays exceptionally meritorious Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs Admiral Gary Roughead, USN is the 29th and current Chief of Naval Operations. The Vice Chief of Naval Operations ( VCNO) is the second highest ranking officer in the United States Navy. Admiral Patrick M Walsh, USN is the 35th and current Vice Chief of Naval Operations (VCNO Origin In 1966, the opportunity was given to sailors in the Navy's two largest concentration areas Norfolk Virginia and San Diego California to Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Joe R Campa Jr is the 11th Master Chief Petty Officer of the United States Navy. Ground-attack aircraft are military aircraft designed to attack targets on the ground and are often deployed as Close air support for and in proximity to their own ground forces WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Electronic warfare ( EW) is the use of the Electromagnetic spectrum to effectively deny the use of this medium by an adversary while optimizing its use by friendly WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Lockheed EP-3E ARIES II is the signals reconnaissance version of the P-3C Orion, operated by the United States Navy. The Boeing E-6 Mercury is an American military Aircraft. It operates as an airborne command post and communications center relaying instructions WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A fighter aircraft is a Military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat with other Aircraft, as opposed to a Bomber, which is designed WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout History Since 400 AD Chinese children have played with bamboo flying toys. For an overview of the whole Huey family of aircraft see Bell Huey WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A Maritime patrol aircraft, also simply patrol aircraft, or by the older term patrol bomber, is a Fixed-wing aircraft designed to operate for long WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Surveillance aircraft are military Aircraft used for monitoring enemy activity usually carrying no armament The RQ-2 Pioneer is an Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV that has been utilized by the United States Navy, Marine, and Army, deploying A trainer is an Aircraft used to develop piloting navigational or war-fighting skills in flight crew WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout This article is about 90 and 100 Series King Airs For 200 and 300 Series King Airs see the Beechcraft Super King Air article WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout A cargo aircraft (also known as freighters or freight aircraft) is an Fixed-wing aircraft designed or converted for the carriage of goods rather WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States The United States has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized The U. S. Navy currently has over 335,000 personnel on active duty and 128,000 in the Navy Reserve. The United States Navy Reserve, until 2005 known as the United States Naval Reserve, is the reserve component of the United States Navy. It operates 280 ships in active service and more than 3,700 aircraft. A ship /ʃɪp/ is a large vessel that floats on water Ships are generally distinguished from Boats based on size [1]
The United States Navy traces its origins to the Continental Navy, which was established during the American Revolutionary War and was disbanded shortly thereafter. The Continental Navy was formed during the American Revolution in 1775 In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The United States Constitution provided the legal basis for a seaborne military force by giving Congress the power "to provide and maintain a navy". The Constitution of the United States of America is the supreme Law of the United States. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses [2] Depredations against American shipping by Barbary Coast corsairs spurred Congress to employ this power[3] by passing the Naval Act of 1794 ordering the construction and manning of six frigates. The Barbary Coast, or Barbary, was the term used by Europeans from the 16th until the 19th century to refer to the middle and western coastal regions of North Africa—what Corsairs were French Privateers from the north-western French port of St-Malo, located on the northern coast of Brittany. The Act to Provide a Naval Armament (1 Stat 350 also known as the Naval Act, was passed by the United States Congress on March 27, 1794 The U. S. Navy came into international prominence in the 20th century, especially during World War II. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including It was a part of the conflict from the onset of American military involvement—the attack on Pearl Harbor—to Japan's official surrender on the deck of the USS Missouri. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by Construction See also Iowa class battleship, Armament of the Iowa class battleship Missouri was one of the ''Iowa''-class " In the subsequent Cold War, the U. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the S. Navy evolved into a nuclear deterrent and crisis response force while preparing for a possible global war with the Soviet Union. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
The 21st century United States Navy maintains a sizable presence in the world, deploying in such areas as East Asia, Southern Europe, and the Middle East. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. Its ability to project force onto the littoral regions of the world, engage in forward areas during peacetime, and rapidly respond to regional crises makes it an active player in American foreign and defense policy. Littoral refers to the coast of an ocean or sea or to the banks of a river lake or estuary The United States Navy is the largest in the world with a tonnage greater than that of the next 17 largest combined,[4] and has a budget of $127. 3 billion for the 2007 fiscal year. A fiscal year (or financial year, or sometimes budget year) is a period used for calculating annual ("yearly" Financial statements in Businesses [5] The US Navy also possesses the world's largest carrier fleet, with 11 carriers in service and 2 under construction. This list of aircraft carriers contains all Aircraft carriers which are currently in service or being constructed and are listed alphabetically by country
The Navy is administratively managed by the Department of the Navy, which is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Navy. The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. The Department of the Navy is, itself, a division of the Department of Defense, which is headed by the Secretary of Defense. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government The United States Secretary of Defense ( SECDEF) is the head of the U The highest ranking Naval officer is the Chief of Naval Operations. Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs
Contents |
History
Origins
In the early stages of the American Revolutionary War, the establishment of an official navy was an issue of debate among the members of the Continental Congress. The history of the United States Navy divides into two major periods the "Old Navy" a small but respected force of Sailing ships that was also notable for In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the Supporters argued that a navy would protect shipping, defend the coast, and make it easier to seek out support from foreign countries. Detractors countered that challenging the British Royal Navy, then the world's preeminent naval power, was a foolish undertaking. The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) [3]
While Congress deliberated, it received word that two unarmed British supply ships from England were heading towards Quebec without escort. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk A plan was drawn up to intercept the ships, however the armed vessels to be used were owned not by Congress, but by individual colonies. Of greater significance, then, was an additional plan to equip two ships that would operate under the direct authority of Congress to capture British supply transports. This was not carried out until October 13, 1775, when George Washington announced that he had taken command of three armed schooners under Continental authority to intercept any British supply ships near Massachusetts. Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the With the revelation that vessels were already sailing under Continental control, the decision to add two more was made easier;[6] the resolution was adopted and October 13 would later become known as the United States Navy's official birthday. [7]
The Continental Navy achieved mixed results; it was successful in a few individual engagements and raided many British merchant vessels, but it lost 24 ships[8]and at one point was reduced to two in active service. [9] As Congress turned its attention after the conflict towards securing the western border of the new United States, a standing navy was considered to be dispensable because of its high operating costs and its limited number of national roles. [3]
From reestablishment to the Civil War
The United States would be without a navy for nearly a decade — a state of affairs that exposed its merchant ships to a series of attacks by Barbary pirates. The Barbary pirates, also sometimes called Ottoman corsairs, were Muslim Pirates and Privateers that operated from North Africa, from The sole armed maritime presence between 1790 and the launching of the U. S. Navy's first warships in 1797 was the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service (USRCS), the primary "ancestor" of the U. The United States Revenue Cutter Service was established by Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton in 1790 as an armed Maritime law enforcement S. Coast Guard. Although USRCS Cutters conducted operations against these pirates, the depredations far outstripped the abilities of the USRCS and Congress ordered the construction and manning of six frigates on March 27, 1794;[8] three years later the first three were welcomed into service: the USS United States, USS Constellation and USS Constitution. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Launch United States was the first American warship to be launched under the Naval Act of 1794, four months before the launching of her sister ship USS Construction On 27 March 1794, the United States Congress passed the Naval Act of 1794 which provided for building the US Navy its first new Construction In August 1785 after the Revolutionary War drew to a close Congress sold, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy.
Following an undeclared Quasi-War with France, the U. The Quasi-War was an Undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800 S. Navy saw substantial action in the War of 1812, where it was able to defeat three rival British frigates in a six month period and lost two frigates to the British Navy with another being burned on the ways to prevent capture and did record victories in freshwater battles at Lake Champlain and Lake Erie. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Battle of Plattsburgh, also known as the Battle of Lake Champlain, ended the final invasion of the northern states during the War of 1812. The Battle of Lake Erie, sometimes referred to as the Battle of Put-in-Bay, was fought on September 10, 1813 in Lake Erie off the coast The U. S. Navy was not strong enough to prevent the British from blockading American ports and landing troops at will. [3] After the war, the U. S. Navy again focused its attention on protecting American shipping assets, sending squadrons to the Caribbean, the Mediterranean, South America, Africa, and the Pacific. [8] The United States went to war in 1846 against Mexico and the Navy contributed by instituting a blockade, assisting the American takeover of California, and participating in the U. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. S. military's first large-scale amphibious operation at Vera Cruz. The city of Veracruz is a major port city and municipality on the Gulf of Mexico in the Mexican state of Veracruz. [3] The United States Navy established itself as a player in American foreign policy through the actions of Commodore Matthew Perry in Japan, which resulted in the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. Please see " Commodore " for other uses of this rank Commodore is a rank of the United States Navy with a somewhat Matthew Calbraith Perry ( April 10, 1794 &ndash March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U On March 31, 1854, the or was concluded between Commodore Matthew Perry of the U
Naval power would play a significant role during the Civil War, where the Union had a distinct advantage over the Confederacy on the seas. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South During the American Civil War, the Union was a name used to refer to the federal government of the United States, which was supported by the twenty-three The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 [3] A Union blockade on shipping handicapped the Southern effort throughout the conflict. The Union Blockade refers to the naval actions between 1861 and 1865 during the American Civil War, in which the Union Navy maintained a massive effort on the The two American navies would help usher in a new era in world naval history by putting ironclad warships into combat for the first time. An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates The Battle of Hampton Roads in 1862, which pitted USS Monitor against CSS Virginia, became the first engagement between two steam-powered ironclads. The Battle of Hampton Roads, often called the Battle of Monitor and Merrimack, was a Design Monitor was one of three ironclad warships ordered by the U USS Merrimack becomes CSS Virginia When the Commonwealth of Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861 one of the important federal military bases threatened [9] Soon after the war, however, the U. S. Navy slipped into obsolescence because of neglect.
20th century
A modernization program beginning in the 1880s brought the U. The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a Circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, The term blue-water navy is a Colloquialism used to describe a maritime force capable of operating across the deep waters of open oceans S. into the first rank of the world's navies by the end of the century. In 1907, most of the Navy's battleships, with several support vessels, dubbed the Great White Fleet, were showcased in a 14-month circumnavigation of the world. The Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the United States Navy battle fleet that completed a Circumnavigation of the globe from December 16, Ordered by President Theodore Roosevelt, it was a mission designed to demonstrate the Navy's capability to extend to the global theater. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T [8]
The Navy saw little action during World War I, but grew into a formidable force in the years before World War II. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Though ultimately unsuccessful, Japan attempted to allay this strategic threat with the late-1941 surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by Following American entry into the war, the U. S. Navy grew tremendously as the United States was faced with a two-front war on the seas. It achieved notable acclaim in the Pacific Theater in particular, where it was instrumental to the Allies' successful "island hopping" campaign. The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between Island hopping is a term that has several different definitions as it is applied in various fields [9] The U. S. Navy participated in many significant battles, including the Battle of the Coral Sea, the Battle of Midway, the Battle of the Philippine Sea, the Battle of Leyte Gulf, and the Battle of Okinawa. The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from May 4 – May 8, 1942, with most of the action occurring on May 7 and May 8, was The Battle of Midway was a major Naval battle, widely regarded as the most important one of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. The Battle of the Philippine Sea (aka "The Marianas Turkey Shoot" was a decisive naval battle of World War II, and the largest aircraft carrier battle in history The Battle of Leyte Gulf, also called the "Battle for Leyte Gulf" the "Battles for Leyte Gulf" and formerly as the "Second Battle of the Philippine The Battle of Okinawa, also known as Operation Iceberg, was fought on the Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa and was the largest amphibious assault By 1943, the Navy's size was larger than the combined fleets of all the other combatant nations in World War II. [10] By war's end in 1945, the United States Navy had added hundreds of new ships, including 18 aircraft carriers and 8 battleships, and had over 70% of the world's total numbers and total tonnage of naval vessels of 1,000 tons or greater. [11][12]
With the potential for armed conflict with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, the U. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the S. Navy continued to advance technologically by developing new weapons systems, ships, and aircraft. United States naval strategy changed to that of forward deployment in support of U. S. allies with an emphasis on carrier battle groups. [13] The Navy was a major participant in the Vietnam War, blockaded Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and, through the use of ballistic missile submarines, became an important aspect of the United States' nuclear strategic deterrence policy. The Vietnam War, also known as the Second Indochina War, or the Vietnam Conflict, occurred in Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation between the United States, the Soviet Union, and Cuba during the Cold War. A ballistic missile submarine is a Submarine equipped to launch Ballistic missiles ( SLBMs) Mutual assured destruction ( MAD; sometimes written as mutually assured destruction) is a Doctrine of military Strategy in which a full-scale The United States Navy conducted various combat operations in the Persian Gulf against Iran in 1987 and 1988, most notably Operation Praying Mantis. Operation Praying Mantis was an April 18, 1988 attack by US naval forces in retaliation for the Iranian mining of the Persian The Navy was extensively involved in Operation Urgent Fury, Operation Desert Shield, Operation Desert Storm, the Bosnia and Kosovo campaigns, Operation Desert Fox, and Operation Southern Watch. The Invasion of Grenada, codenamed Operation Urgent Fury, was an Invasion of the nation of Grenada, an island in the Caribbean Sea 100 miles north The December 1998 bombing of Iraq (code-named Operation Desert Fox) was a major four-day bombing campaign on Iraqi targets from December 16 - December 19 Operation Southern Watch was an operation conducted by Joint Task Force Southwest Asia (JTF-SWA with the mission of monitoring and controlling airspace
21st century
The United States Navy continues to be a major support to American interests in the 21st century. Since the end of the Cold War, it has shifted its focus from a large-scale war with the Soviet Union to special operations and strike missions in regional conflicts. [14] The Navy participated in Operation Enduring Freedom, the Iraq War, and the ongoing War on Terrorism largely in this capacity. Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF is the official name used by the U The Iraq War, also known as the Second Gulf War, the Occupation of Iraq, or the War in Iraq, is an ongoing Military campaign The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Development continues on new ships and weapons, including the CVN-21 aircraft carrier and the Littoral combat ship. Features Carriers of the Ford class will incorporate many new design features including a new nuclear reactor design (the A1B reactor) stealthier features The Littoral Combat Ship is the first design of the US Navy 's next-generation surface combatants Because of its size, weapons technology, and ability to project force far from American shores, the current U. S. Navy remains a potent asset for the United States Commander-in-Chief (the President of the United States). A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by
In 2007, the U. S. Navy joined with the U. S. Marine Corps and U.S. Coast Guard to adopt a new maritime strategy called A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower that raises the notion of prevention of war to the same philosophical level as the conduct of war. A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower is the United States ’ newest maritime strategy The strategy was presented by the Chief of Naval Operations, the Commandant of the Marine Corps and Commandant of the Coast Guard at the International Seapower Symposium in Newport, R.I. on October 17, 2007. Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs The Commandant of the Marine Corps ( CMC) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff The Commandant of the United States Coast Guard is the highest ranking member of the United States Coast Guard. Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [15] The strategy recognized the economic links of the global system and how any disruption due to regional crises – manmade or natural – can adversely impact the U. S. economy and quality of life. This new strategy charts a course for the Navy, Coast Guard and Marine Corps to work collectively with each other and international partners to prevent these crises from occurring or reacting quickly should one occur to avoid negative impacts to the United States.
Organization
The Navy falls under the administration of the Department of the Navy, under civilian leadership of the Secretary of the Navy (SECNAV). The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. The most senior naval officer is the Chief of Naval Operations (CNO), a four-star admiral who is immediately under and reports to the Secretary of the Navy. Organization of the CNO's Office The Office of the Chief of Naval Operations includes the Chief of Naval Operations the Vice Chief of Naval Operations, the Deputy Chiefs At the same time, the Chief of Naval Operations is one of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, which is the second-highest deliberatory body of the armed forces after the United States National Security Council, although it only plays an advisory role to the President and does not nominally form part of the chain of command. The Joint Chiefs of Staff ( JCS) is a group comprising the Chiefs of service of each major branch of the Armed services in the United States armed forces The White House National Security Council ( NSC) in the United States is the principal forum used by the President for considering National The Secretary of the Navy and Chief of Naval Operations are responsible for organizing, recruiting, training, and equipping the Navy so that it is ready for operation under the command of the Unified Combatant Commanders. The United States Armed Forces are the overall unified military forces of the United States
Operating forces
There are nine components to the operating forces of the U. United States operating forces organization consists of nine components Atlantic Fleet, Pacific Fleet, Naval Forces Central Command Naval Forces Europe This article is a list of the operating units of the United States Navy. This article is a list of the operating units of the United States Navy. S. Navy: Atlantic Fleet, Pacific Fleet, Naval Forces Central Command, Naval Forces Europe, Naval Network Warfare Command, Navy Reserve, Naval Special Warfare Command, Operational Test and Evaluation Forces, and Military Sealift Command. The United States Fleet Forces Command (USFLTFORCOM of the United States Navy is the part of the Navy responsible for operations in and around the Atlantic Ocean. The United States Pacific Fleet ( USPACFLT) is a Pacific Ocean Navy theater-level component command of the United States Navy, under the operational control The United States Navy Reserve, until 2005 known as the United States Naval Reserve, is the reserve component of the United States Navy. The United States Naval Special Warfare Command ( SPECWARCOM, NAVSOC, or NSW) was commissioned April 16 1987 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado Mission The United States Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing Sealift and ocean transportation for all US military services as well as for other Fleets in the United States Navy take on the role of force provider; they do not carry out military operations independently, rather they train and maintain naval units that will subsequently be provided to the naval forces component of each Unified Combatant Command. A Unified Combatant Command ( UCC) is a United States joint military command composed of forces from two or more services has a broad and continuing mission While not widely publicized, groups of ships departing U. S. waters for operational missions gain a Task force type designation, almost always with the Second or Third Fleets. For the computer game see Joint Task Force (computer game. A task force (TF is a temporary unit or formation established to work On entry into another numbered fleet's area of responsibility, they are redesignated as a task group from that fleet. For example, a carrier task group departing the Eastern Seaboard for the Mediterranean might start out as Task Group 20. 1; on entry into the Mediterranean, it might become Task Group 60. 1.
The United States Navy has five active numbered fleets — Second, Third, Fifth, Sixth, and Seventh — that are each led by a three-star Vice Admiral. These five fleets are further grouped under Fleet Forces Command (the former Atlantic Fleet), Pacific Fleet, Naval Forces Europe, and Naval Forces Central Command, whose commander also doubles as Commander Fifth Fleet; these four commands are led by four-star full Admirals. The Fifth Fleet of the United States Navy is responsible for naval forces in the Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Arabian Sea and coast off East The First Fleet existed after the Second World War from 1947 at least, but it was redesignated Third Fleet in early 1973. The First Fleet was a unit of the United States Navy, in operation from as early as 1946 (but definitely active by 1948 as the First Task Fleet to February 1 1973 in the western [16] In early 2008, the United States Navy reactivated the Fourth Fleet to control operations in the area controlled by Southern Command, which consists of U. The United States Fourth Fleet is a major command of the United States Navy in the South Atlantic, operating as a component of the joint U S. assets in and around Central and South America. [17]
Shore establishments
Shore establishment commands exist to support the mission of the afloat fleets through the use of facilities on land. Focusing on logistics and combat-readiness, they are essential for the full, smooth, and continuous operation of operating forces. The variety of commands reflect the complexity of the modern U. S. Navy and range from naval intelligence to personnel training to maintaining repair facilities. Two of the major logistics and repair commands are Naval Sea Systems Command and Naval Air Systems Command. The Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA is the largest of the U The Naval Air Systems Command, or NAVAIR is the part of the United States Navy which provides materiel support for naval aircraft and airborne weapon systems Other commands such as the Office of Naval Intelligence, the United States Naval Observatory, and the Navy War College are focused on intelligence and strategy. The Office of Naval Intelligence ( ONI) was established in the United States Navy in 1882 The United States Naval Observatory ( USNO) is one of the oldest Scientific agencies in the United States. The Naval War College (NWC is an education and research institution of the United States Navy that specializes in developing ideas for Naval warfare and passing them Training commands include the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center and the United States Naval Academy. The Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center (NSAWC pronounced "EN-SOCK" at Naval Air Station Fallon is the center of excellence for Naval aviation training The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States
The Navy maintains several "Naval Forces Commands" which operate naval shore facilities and serve as liaison units to local ground forces of the Air Force and Army. Shore facility is one of the facilities located on Shore used for receiving Ships and transferring Cargo and people to them Such commands are answerable to a Fleet Commander as the shore protector component of the afloat command. During times of war, all Naval Forces Commands augment to become task forces of a primary fleet. Some of the larger Naval Forces Commands in the Pacific Ocean include Commander Naval Forces Korea (CNFK), Commander Naval Forces Marianas (CNFM), and Commander Naval Forces Japan (CNFJ). The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth 's Oceanic divisions Commander Naval Forces Korea is a major shore command of the United States Navy that serves as the shore support agency for all U Commander Naval Forces Japan (CNFJ is the shore authority of the United States Navy for all U
Military Sealift Command
Military Sealift Command (MSC) serves not only the United States Navy, but the entire Department of Defense as the ocean carrier of materiel during peacetime and war. Mission The United States Military Sealift Command has the responsibility for providing Sealift and ocean transportation for all US military services as well as for other Materiel (from the French "matériel" for equipment or hardware related to the word Material) is a term used in English to refer to the It transports equipment, fuel, ammunition, and other goods essential to the smooth function of United States armed forces worldwide. Up to 95% of all supplies needed to sustain the U. S. military can be moved by Military Sealift Command. [18] MSC operates approximately 120 ships with 100 more in reserve and is unique in that its ships are manned not by active duty Navy personnel, but by civil service or contract merchant mariners. Overview The merchant marine is a civilian auxiliary of the U
Naval Special Warfare Command
U. The United States Naval Special Warfare Command ( SPECWARCOM, NAVSOC, or NSW) was commissioned April 16 1987 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado S. Naval Special Warfare Command was commissioned April 16, 1987, at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado in San Diego, California. Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) As the Naval component to the United States Special Operations Command headquartered in Tampa, Florida. The United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM or SOCOM) is the Unified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations Naval Special Warfare Command provides vision, leadership, doctrinal guidance, resources and oversight to ensure component maritime special operations forces are ready to meet the operational requirements of combatant commanders. The NSW has 5,400 total active-duty personnel, including 2,450 SEALs and 600 Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen. The Navy's Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen ( SWCC, pronounced "swick" operate and maintain the inventory of state-of-the-art high-performance boats used NSW also calls upon a 1,200-person reserve of approximately 325 SEALs, 125 SWCC and 775 support personnel. [19]
Relationships with other service branches
United States Marine Corps
Historically, the United States Navy has enjoyed a unique relationship with the United States Marine Corps (USMC), partly because they both specialize in seaborne operations. At the very top level of civilian organization, the USMC is part of the Department of the Navy and reports to the Secretary of the Navy. The United States Department of the Navy was established by an Act of Congress on April 30 1798 to provide administrative and technical support and civilian leadership The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. However, it is considered to be a distinct, separate service branch and not a subset of the Navy; the highest ranking Marine officer, the Commandant of the Marine Corps, does not report to a Navy officer. The Commandant of the Marine Corps ( CMC) is the highest ranking officer in the United States Marine Corps and is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Marine Corps Medal of Honor recipients are awarded the Navy variant and Marines are eligible to receive the Navy Cross. The Medal of Honor is the highest military decoration awarded by the United States government. The Navy Cross is the second highest medal that can be awarded by the Department of the Navy and the second highest award given for valor. The United States Naval Academy trains Marine Corps commissioned officers while Navy officers undergo instruction by Marine NCO Drill Instructors, in addition to their normal Recruit Division Commander. The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States
The relationship extends to the operational theater as well. As amphibious assault specialists, Marines often deploy on and attack from Navy vessels; while being transported on a Navy ship, they must obey the orders of its captain. Marine strike-fighter air squadrons operate alongside Navy strike-fighter air squadrons from aircraft carriers, though they frequently have distinct missions and rarely fly sorties together; except to directly support Marine ground troops. Other types of Marine air squadrons operate from amphibious assault ships in support of Marine amphibious operations. The USMC does not train chaplains, Religious Programs Specialists and Hospital Corpsmen or medical doctors; thus officers and enlisted sailors from the Navy fulfill these roles. The Chaplain Corps of the United States Navy consists of ordained clergy who are commissioned Naval officers Religious Programs Specialist (abbreviated as RP) is a United States Navy occupational rating. Hospital Corpsman (HM is a rating in the United States Navy and a member of the Navy's Hospital Corps They generally wear Marine uniforms that are emblazoned with Navy insignia and markings to distinguish themselves from Marines. Corpsmen, Religious Program Specialists, and chaplains enjoy a great sense of camaraderie with the Marines due in part because they work closely with them and often are embedded with Marine units. They operate under the command of the Marine Corps under the auspices of the Fleet Marine Force, often called "green side" corpsman. The Fleet Marine Force (FMF is a combined command of the United States Navy and United States Marine Corps which comprises a combination of permanent afloat personnel [20]
The Navy and Marine Corps also share many aspects of naval culture, to include naval terminology (slang and jargon), as well as many traditions.
United States Coast Guard
Although the Posse Comitatus Act applies only to the Army and Air Force, Department of Defense rules effectively require the Navy and Marine Corps to act as if Posse Comitatus did apply, preventing them from enforcing the law. The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law ( passed on June 16, 1878 after the end of Reconstruction. The United States Coast Guard fulfills this role in naval operations. It provides Law Enforcement Detachments (LEDETs) to Navy vessels, where they perform arrests and other law enforcement duties during Navy boarding and interdiction missions. The United States Coast Guard (USCG officially established the Law Enforcement Detachment or LEDET program in 1982 In times of war, or when directed by the President, the Coast Guard operates as a service in the Navy and is subject to the orders of the Secretary of the Navy until it is transferred back to the Department of Homeland Security. [21] At other times, Coast Guard Port Security Units are sent overseas to guard the security of ports and other assets. United States Coast Guard Port Security Units are deployable units organized for sustained force protection operations The Coast Guard also jointly staffs the Navy's Naval Coastal Warfare Groups and Squadrons (the latter of which were known as Harbor Defense Commands until late-2004), which oversee defense efforts in foreign littoral combat and inshore areas.
Personnel
The United States Navy has nearly 500,000 personnel, approximately a quarter of whom are in ready reserve. Of those on active duty, more than eighty percent are enlisted sailors while commissioned officers make up around fifteen percent; the rest are midshipmen of the United States Naval Academy (who are on active duty) and NROTC units at over 180 universities around the country. An enlisted rank in the Military of the United States is any rank below a commissioned officer. An officer is a member of an armed force who holds a position of authority For the fish called midshipman see Midshipman fish. The rank of midshipman is one of the oldest ranks still in existence The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States The Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NROTC) program is a College -based Commissioned officers recruitment tool of the United States Navy [1]
Sailors prove they have mastered skills and deserve responsibilities by completing Personnel Qualification Standards (PQS) tasks and examinations. Among the most important is the "warfare qualification," which denotes a journeyman level of capability in Aviation Warfare, Naval Aircrew, Special Warfare, Surface Warfare, or Submarine Warfare. Many qualifications are denoted on a sailor's uniform with U.S. Navy badges and insignia. Insignia and badges of the United States Navy are military "badges" issued by the United States Department of the Navy to naval service members who
Commissioned officer
- See also: List of United States Navy staff corps
Commissioned officers in the Navy have pay grades ranging from O-1 to O-10, with O-10 being the highest; those with paygrades between O-1 through O-4 are considered junior officers and officers in the O-7 to O-10 range are called flag officers or the "admiralty. Commissioned officers in the Navy have pay grades ranging from W-2 to W-5 and O-1 to O-10 with O-10 being the highest those with paygrades between W-2 to W-5 are considered specialists in their In the United States Navy, Commissioned officers are either line officers or Staff Corps officers " Promotion is based on performance in an officer's current paygrade, which is recorded in "FITREPS" (fitness reports), usually self-written by the officer and edited by superiors. Above the rank of Admiral is Fleet Admiral (O-11), which was awarded to a select few in World War II and is intended to be used only during a declared war. Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy (FADM or more commonly referred to as Fleet Admiral, is a five-star Flag officer rank and is the highest possible In 1899, a special rank called Admiral of the Navy was created for George Dewey, a war hero of the Spanish-American War, with the condition that it would cease to exist upon his death. Admiral of the Navy is a senior-most rank of a naval service with its origins in the Middle Ages. George Dewey ( December 26, 1837 &ndash January 16, 1917) was an Admiral of the United States Navy, best known for his [22] The honor was also significant because at that time, the United States Navy had no living admirals. [23] Commissioned officers originate from the United States Naval Academy, Navy Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC), Officer Candidate School (OCS), and a host of other commissioning programs such as the Seaman to Admiral-21 program, the Limited Duty Officer Selection Program, and the United States Merchant Marine Academy. The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States The Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps ( NROTC) program is a College -based Commissioned officers recruitment tool of the United States Navy Officer Candidate School or Officer Cadet School ( OCS) are institutions which train civilians and enlisted personnel in order for them to gain a commission A Limited Duty Officer (LDO is an officer in the United States Navy or Marine Corps who was selected for commissioning based on his skill and expertise and is not The United States Merchant Marine Academy is one of the five United States service academies.
Commissioned officers can generally be divided into line officers and staff corps; line officers can be further split into unrestricted and restricted communities. Unrestricted Line Officers are the warfighting command element and are authorized to lead ships, aviation squadrons, and special operations units. Unrestricted Line Officers (URL Officers are Officers of the Line in the U Restricted Line Officers, on the other hand, concentrate on non-combat related fields, such as engineering and maintenance; they are not qualified to command combat units. Restricted Line Officers in the United States Navy and Navy Reserve are Line officers who are not eligible for Command at Sea Staff Corps officers are specialists in fields that are themselves professional careers and not exclusive to the military, for example: medicine, law, and civil engineering. In the United States Navy, Commissioned officers are either line officers or Staff Corps officers
Up until Fiscal Year 2005, all officers entering the U. S. Navy are awarded a Reserve commission (they are commissioned as Ensign, United States Navy Reserve). Legislation was signed that all Reserve Officers on Active Duty, designated by a "5" in the last digit of the designator, would be converted over to a regular Navy commission by close of Fiscal Year 2006.
| Commissioned Officer Rank Structure of the United States Navy | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fleet Admiral | Admiral | Vice Admiral | Rear Admiral (upper half) | Rear Admiral (lower half) | ||||||
| O-11 | O-10 | O-9 | O-8 | O-7 | ||||||
 |  |  |  |  | ||||||
| Captain | Commander | Lieutenant Commander | Lieutenant | Lieutenant, Junior Grade | Ensign |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-6 | O-5 | O-4 | O-3 | O-2 | O-1 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
Chief Warrant Officer
Chief Warrant Officer (CWO) pay grades range from CWO2 to the highest rank of CWO5. Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy (FADM or more commonly referred to as Fleet Admiral, is a five-star Flag officer rank and is the highest possible Please see " Admiral " for other nations which use this rank In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard and the In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric The uniformed services of the United States have two grades of rear admirals. The uniformed services of the United States have two grades of rear admirals. See " Captain " for other versions of this rank In the uniformed services of the United States, captain is a federal In the United States, Commander is a military rank which is also sometimes used as a military title depending on the branch of service In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Lieutenant (abbreviated Lt or Lieut) is a Military, Naval, Paramilitary, Fire service, Emergency medical services In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Ensign (ˈɛnsən is a junior rank of commissioned officer in the militaries of some countries normally in the infantry or navy United States Navy CWOs are commissioned officers whose role is to provide leadership and skills for the most difficult and demanding operations in a particular technical specialty. They occupy a niche that is not as well served by the line officer community, which tends to have a broader focus. CWOs come from the senior non-commissioned officer ranks of the enlisted and receive their commission after completing the Chief Warrant Officer Program. They typically become CWOs in specialties that are most related to their previous enlisted rating. Like Staff Corps officers, CWOs wear special insignia above the rank devices on their shoulder boards and sleeves to indicate their field of expertise.
| Chief Warrant Officer Rank Structure of the United States Navy | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CWO5 | CWO4 | CWO3 | CWO2 | |||||||
 |  |  |  | |||||||
Enlisted sailors
- See also: List of United States Navy ratings
Enlisted members of the Navy have pay grades from E-1 to E-9, with E-9 being the highest. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> United States Navy enlisted rate Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> United States Navy ratings All enlisted sailors with paygrades of E-4 and higher are considered Petty Officers while those at E-7 and higher are further named Chief Petty Officers. A Petty Officer is a noncommissioned officer or equivalent in many navies. Chief Petty Officer is a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many naval services and coast guards. Unlike commissioned officers, who are given authority by the government, NCOs are promoted through the ranks of the enlisted. Those who demonstrate superior performance are given an increase in paygrade; the official Navy term is to be advanced. Two notable advancements are from Seaman to Petty Officer Third Class (E-3 to E-4) and from Petty Officer First Class to Chief Petty Officer (E-6 to E-7). Seaman as a rate refers to one of the lowest rates in a Navy. US Navy Good conduct variation US Good conduct variation12 years or moreof good conduct Chief Petty Officer is a non-commissioned officer or equivalent in many naval services and coast guards. Advancement to Chief Petty Officer is especially significant and is marked by a special initiation ceremony.
Enlisted members of pay grades E-4 and above are said to be "rated," meaning that they possess a rating, or occupational specialty. Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below --> United States Navy ratings Members of grades E-1 to E-3 can be "strikers," meaning they have the same rating designation as a Petty Officer in their field (example: a BM3 is a Petty Officer Third Class rated as a Boatswain's Mate; BMSN is a Seaman designated as a Boatswain's Mate striker), but do not necessarily have to be. Whether a designated striker or not, personnel in the pay grades of E-3 and below are all considered "Non-Rates. " There are more than 50 ratings covering a broad range of skills and subspecialties.
| Non-Commissioned Officer and Enlisted Rate Structure of the United States Navy | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Master Chief Petty Officer of the Navy | Fleet Master Chief Petty Officer and Force Master Chief Petty Officer | Command Master Chief Petty Officer | Master Chief Petty Officer | Senior Chief Petty Officer | Chief Petty Officer | |||||
| E-9 | E-9 | E-9 | E-9 | E-8 | E-7 | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  | |||||
| Petty Officer First Class | Petty Officer Second Class | Petty Officer Third Class | Seaman | Seaman Apprentice | Seaman Recruit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E-6 | E-5 | E-4 | E-3 | E-2 | E-1 |
 |  |  |  |  | No insignia |
Uniforms and appearance
The uniforms of the United States Navy are designed to combine professionalism and naval heritage with versatility, safety, and comfort. Uniforms of the United States Navy are a distinction of the service and still follow many traditional patterns for example the changes in uniforms since World War [24] The Navy currently incorporates many different styles that are specific for a variety of uses and occasions. In most cases, distinctions are made to distinguish officers and enlisted men in their uniformed appearance. U. S. Navy uniforms can generally be divided into three categories: dress uniforms, service uniforms, and working uniforms.
- Dress uniforms are worn during military-related formal occasions, such as ceremonies and other official functions. Many types of dress uniforms are used in the Navy with the full range of formal requirements represented. Service dress is the least formal dress uniform, full dress is one step higher in formality, and mess dress is the most formal dress available.
- Service uniforms are designed for daily wear and are most often worn in office or classroom-type settings, as well as other occasions in which physical activity is at a minimum. [25] The most visible distinction between officers and enlisted personnel are the color of the service uniform. Only officers and chief petty officers are authorized to wear service khaki; all other personnel must wear winter blue or summer white.
- Working uniforms prioritize comfort and safety first and thus are the most utilitarian of the Navy uniforms. They are intended for use in underway ships and in occasions that involve dirty, physical labor. Many working uniforms are variations of the service uniforms except with less formal requirements. This category includes Navy coveralls, which are authorized to be worn by members of all ranks.
Recently, the Navy completed a project named "Task Force Uniform" to streamline Navy uniforms. Among the changes are that enlisted personnel from Seaman Recruit to Petty Officer First Class (E1-E6) will have one year-round service uniform instead of Winter Blues and Summer Whites. Seaman Recruit is the lowest enlisted rank in the US Navy and U Good conduct variation12 years or moreof good conduct All personnel from Seaman Recruit to Admiral will also have new working uniforms dubbed Navy Working Uniform (NWU) to replace the wash khakis, coveralls, dungarees, and aviation working greens currently in use. The uniform is a digital patterned camouflage in predominantly haze gray and blue hues. [26]
Grooming for both male and female sailors is regulated to a high degree, with exact standards in regards to hair, facial hair, use of cosmetics, and jewelry. New male recruits are given the military crew cut and are prohibited from having hair longer than four inches (102 mm) while in the service. A Crew cut is a type of Haircut in which the Hair on the top of the head is cut relatively short graduated in length from the longest hair at the front hairline Men are required to be clean shaven at all times, although mustaches are allowed. Women do not have a hair length regulation, however hair cannot fall past the bottom edge of the uniform collar and the style of hair is strictly controlled. Multicolored hair, body piercing, and tattoos on the head are banned for both sexes. [27]
Bases
The size, complexity, and international presence of the United States Navy require a large number of navy installations to support its operations. List of major active US Navy bases stations and schools Within the United States California NAWS China Lake ( website While the majority of bases are located on the West and East coasts of the United States, the Navy maintains a significant number of facilities farther inland and abroad, either in U. S. -controlled territories or in foreign countries under a Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA). A Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA is an agreement between a country and a foreign nation stationing Military forces in that country
Eastern United States
The largest concentration of installations is in Hampton Roads, Virginia, where the Navy occupies over 36,000 acres (146 km²) of land, making it the largest naval base in the world. Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water and the region of land areas which surround it in southeastern Virginia in the USA. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state It is the homeport of the Atlantic Fleet and the location of Northrop Grumman Newport News, a privately owned company that builds the Nimitz-class aircraft carrier. Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding ( NGS) formerly called Northrop Grumman Newport News ( NGNN) or Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company General characteristics Builder Newport News Shipbuilding Company Newport News Virginia Power Plant Two A4W reactors The state of Florida is the location of three major bases, Naval Station Mayport, the Navy's third largest, near Jacksonville, Florida, Naval Air Station Jacksonville, a Master Air Anti-submarine Warfare base, and Naval Air Station Pensacola, the primary training base for Navy and Marine pilots, naval flight officers and aircrew personnel. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Naval Station Mayport is a major US Navy base in northern Duval County Florida. Naval Air Station Jacksonville or NAS Jacksonville is a military Airport located four miles (6 km) south of the Central business district Naval Air Station Pensacola or NAS Pensacola, "The Cradle of Naval Aviation" is a United States Navy base located in Warrington, Florida The main U. S. Navy submarine bases are located in Groton, Connecticut and Kings Bay, Georgia. Groton is a town located on the Thames River in New London County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Kings Bay is a small unincorporated community located at 30804 N 81 There are also two other naval bases in Portsmouth, New Hampshire and Brunswick, Maine. Portsmouth is a City in Rockingham County, New Hampshire in the United States. Brunswick is a town in Cumberland County, Maine, United States.
Western United States and Hawaii
The Navy's second-largest complex is located in San Diego in Southern California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. An important port for the Pacific Fleet, it contains the Naval Special Warfare Center, the main training center for SEALs. The United States Phil Bucklew Naval Special Warfare Center (NSWC also know as 'The Center' is a component command of the Naval Special Warfare Command and The other major collection of naval bases on the west coast is in Puget Sound, Washington. Puget Sound (ˈpjuːʤᵻt is an arm of the Pacific Ocean, connected to the rest of the Pacific by the Strait of Juan de Fuca, in the Pacific Northwest Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Among them, Naval Station Everett is one of the newer bases in operation and the Navy states that it is its most modern facility. Naval Station Everett is the United States Navy 's most modern Facility. [28] The naval presence in Hawaii is centered on Pearl Harbor, which hosts the headquarters of the Pacific Fleet and many of its subordinate commands. The State of Hawaii ( or həˈwaɪʔiː Hawaiian: Mokuāina o Hawaii) is a state in the United States located on an Archipelago in the Pearl Harbor is a Harbor on the Island of O{{okina}}ahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu.
United States territories
Guam, an island strategically located in the Western Pacific Ocean, maintains a sizable Navy presence. Guam ( Chamorro: cha Guåhån) officially the Territory of Guam, is an island in the western Pacific Ocean and is an organized unincorporated The westernmost U. S. territory, it contains a Naval Air Station and a natural deep water harbor capable of harboring even aircraft carriers in emergencies. [29] Puerto Rico in the Caribbean formerly housed a navy facility, but it was shut down in 2004 shortly after the controversial closure of the live ordnance training area on nearby Vieques Island. Puerto Rico (ˌpwertoˈriko officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico ("Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico" {{lang-en|"Associated Free State of Puerto Rico"}} Vieques ( Spanish pronunciation: /'vjɛkɛs/ or /'bjɛkɛs/ or /'βjɛkɛs/ English pronunciation: or) in full Isla de Vieques, is an island
Foreign countries
The largest overseas base is in Yokosuka, Japan,[30] which serves as the homeport for the Navy's largest forward-deployed fleet and is a significant base of operations in the Western Pacific. US Fleet Activities Yokosuka, or Commander Fleet Activities Yokosuka is a United States Navy base in Yokosuka, Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. European operations revolve around facilities in Italy and Greece with Naples, Italy as the homeport for the Sixth Fleet. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Naples ( Napoli, Neapolitan: Nàpule) is a historic City in southern Italy, the Capital of the In the Middle East, naval facilities are located almost exclusively in countries bordering the Persian Gulf, with Manama, Bahrain serving as the headquarters of Fifth Fleet. The Persian Gulf, in the Southwest Asian region is an extension of the Manama ( Arabic: المنامة, Transliteration: Al-Manāmah) is the capital and largest city of Bahrain with Guantánamo Bay in Cuba is the oldest overseas facility and has become known in recent years as the location of a detention camp for suspected al-Qaeda operatives. The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Guantanamo Bay Detention Camp is a controversial United States Detention center operated by Joint Task Force Guantanamo since 2002 in Guantanamo Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The
Ships
- See also: List of ships of the United States Navy
The names of commissioned ships of the U. Building christening and commissioning The Ronald Reagan was the first aircraft carrier to be named in honor of a living former president The names of commissioned ships of the US Navy all start with USS, meaning 'United States Ship' List of United States Navy ships is a comprehensive listing of all Ships to have been in service to the United States Navy during the history of that service S. Navy start with "USS",[31] designating 'United States Ship'. Non-commissioned, civilian-manned vessels of the Navy have names that begin with "USNS", standing for 'United States Naval Ship'. The names of ships are officially selected by the Secretary of the Navy, often to honor important people or places. The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. Additionally, each ship is given a letter-based hull classification symbol (for example CVN or DDG) to indicate the vessel's type and a hull number. The United States Navy uses hull classification symbols (sometimes called hull codes) to identify the types of its ships All ships in the Navy inventory are placed in the Naval Vessel Register, which tracks data such as the current status of a ship, the date of its commissioning, and the date of its decommissioning. The Naval Vessel Register ( NVR) is the official inventory of ships and service craft in custody of or titled by the United States Navy. Vessels that are removed from the register prior to disposal are said to be stricken from the register. The Navy also maintains a reserve fleet of inactive vessels that are maintained for reactivation in times of need. The United States Navy maintains a number of its Ships as part of a Reserve fleet, often called the "Mothball Fleet".
The Navy pioneered the use of nuclear reactors aboard naval vessels;[32] today, nuclear energy powers most U. This article is a subarticle of Nuclear power. A nuclear reactor is a device in which Nuclear chain reactions are initiated controlled S. aircraft carriers and submarines. An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with A submarine is a Watercraft that can operate independently below water as distinct from a Submersible that has only limited underwater capability In the case of a Nimitz-class carrier, two naval reactors give the ship almost unlimited range and provide enough electrical energy to power a city of 100,000 people. General characteristics Builder Newport News Shipbuilding Company Newport News Virginia Power Plant Two A4W reactors United States Naval reactor refers to Nuclear reactors used by the United States Navy. [33] The U. S. Navy previously operated nuclear-powered cruisers and destroyers as well, but all have been decommissioned.
Aircraft carriers
.jpg/180px-USS_Nimitz_(Nov._3,_2003).jpg)
Due to their ability to put most nations within striking distance of U. S. air power, aircraft carriers are the cornerstones of the United States’ forward deployment and deterrence strategy. An aircraft carrier is a Warship designed with [34] Multiple carriers are deployed around the world at any given time to provide military presence, respond quickly to crises, and participate in joint exercises with allied forces;[35] this has led the Navy to refer to their Nimitz-class carriers as "4. 5 acres of sovereign and mobile American territory. "[36] Former President Bill Clinton summed up the importance of the aircraft carrier by stating that "when word of crisis breaks out in Washington, it's no accident the first question that comes to everyone's lips is: where is the nearest carrier?"[37] The power and operational flexibility of a carrier lie in the aircraft of its carrier air wing. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States A Carrier Air Wing (formerly called a Carrier Air Group and abbreviated as CVW is a naval aviation organization composed of Squadrons and detachments Made up of both fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, a carrier air wing is able to perform over 150 strike missions, hitting over 700 targets a day. [38] Carrier air wings also protect friendly forces, conduct electronic warfare, assist in special operations, and carry out search and rescue missions. For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. The carriers themselves, in addition to enabling airborne operations, serve as command platforms for large battle groups or multinational task forces.
A carrier is typically deployed along with a host of additional vessels, forming a carrier strike group. A carrier battle group (CVBG consists of an Aircraft carrier (CV and its escorts The supporting ships, which usually include three or four Aegis-equipped cruisers and destroyers, a frigate, and two attack submarines, are tasked with protecting the carrier from air, missile, sea, and undersea threats as well as providing additional strike capabilities themselves. The Aegis combat system is an integrated weapons system used by the United States Navy. Ready logistics support for the group is provided by a combined ammunition, oiler, and supply ship. Aircraft carriers beginning with USS John F. Kennedy (CV-67) have been named for politicians important to the Navy or United States history. Ship history 1970s Kennedy' s maiden voyage and several of her subsequent voyages were on deployments to the Mediterranean during much of the Previous aircraft carriers were generally named for battles and past famous fighting ships of the Navy.
- Kitty Hawk class (1 in commission, 2 decommissioned)
- Enterprise class (1 in commission)
- Nimitz class (9 in commission, 1 under construction)
- Gerald R. Ford-class (1 under construction, 2 planned)
Amphibious warfare vessels
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Amphibious assault ships are the centerpieces of U. An amphibious assault ship (also referred to as an amphibious assault carrier or commando carrier) is a type of Helicopter carrier employed to land S. amphibious warfare and fulfill the same power projection role as aircraft carriers except that their striking force comprises land forces instead of aircraft. They deliver, command, coordinate, and fully support all elements of a 2200-strong Marine Expeditionary Unit in an amphibious assault using air and amphibious vehicles. A Marine Expeditionary Unit ( MEU, pronounced M-YOO formerly called Marine Amphibious Unit ( MAU) is the smallest Marine Air-Ground Task Force Resembling small aircraft carriers, amphibious assault ships are capable of V/STOL, STOVL, VTOL, tiltrotor, and rotary wing aircraft operations. Vertical/Short Take-Off and Landing (V/STOL is a term used to describe Aircraft that are able to take-off or land vertically or on short runways STOVL is an acronym for S hort T ake O ff and V ertical L anding VTOL is an abbreviation for Vertical Take-Off and Landing. VTOL describes Fixed-wing aircraft that can lift off vertically They also contain a welldeck to support the use of Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC) and other amphibious assault watercraft. Landing craft are Boats and seagoing vehicles used to convey a Landing force ( Infantry and Vehicles) from the sea to the shore during an Recently, amphibious assault ships have begun to be deployed as the core of an expeditionary strike group, which usually consists of an additional amphibious transport dock and dock landing ship for amphibious warfare and an Aegis-equipped cruiser and destroyer, frigate, and attack submarine for group defense. Amphibious assault ships are typically named after World War II aircraft carriers.
- Tarawa class (3 in commission, 2 decommissioned)
- Wasp class (7 in commission, 1 under construction)
Amphibious transport docks are warships that embark, transport, and land Marines, supplies, and equipment in a supporting role during amphibious warfare missions. Ships, San Diego California (decommissioned Norfolk Virginia (decommissioned San Diego California Ships, Norfolk Virginia, Sasebo Japan, Norfolk Virginia, San Diego California An amphibious transport dock (also called a landing platform dock or LPD) is an Amphibious warfare ship, a warship that embarks transports and lands elements With a landing platform, amphibious transport docks also have the capability to serve as secondary aviation support for an expeditionary group. All amphibious transport docks can operate helicopters, LCACs, and other conventional amphibious vehicles while the newer San Antonio class of ships has been explicitly designed to operate all three elements of the Marines' "mobility triad": Expeditionary Fighting Vehicles (EFVs), the V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft, and the previously mentioned LCACs. The Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle (EFV is the newest USMC Amphibious vehicle, intended for deployment in 2015 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Amphibious transport docks are named for cities, except for USS Mesa Verde (LPD-19), named for Mesa Verde National Park in Colorado, and two of the three ships named in memory of the September 11, 2001 attacks: USS New York (LPD-21), for the state of New York, and USS Somerset (LPD-25) for Somerset County, Pennsylvania. Mesa Verde National Park is a US National Park and UNESCO World Heritage Site located in Montezuma County, Colorado, United The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. Christening New York was christened on March 1, 2008, in a ceremony at Avondale Shipyards in New Orleans Louisiana New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Somerset County is a County located in the state of Pennsylvania.
- Austin class (9 in commission, 2 decommissioned, 1 converted to an auxiliary command ship)
- San Antonio class (2 in commission, 3 under construction, 4 more planned)
The dock landing ship is a medium amphibious transport that is designed specifically to support and operate Landing Craft Air Cushions (LCACs), though it is able to operate other amphibious assault vehicles in the United States inventory as well. Ships Cleveland class Ships Trenton class Design & development The class's increased vehicle and substantial cargo carrying capacity will make it a key element of 21st century Amphibious Ready Groups Expeditionary Strike A Dock landing ship or Landing ship (Dock ( hull classification LSD) is a form of auxiliary warship designed to support amphibious operations The Landing Craft Air Cushioned (LCAC is a class of air-cushion vehicle / Hovercraft used as Landing craft by the United States Navy and Dock landing ships are normally deployed as a component of an expeditionary strike group's amphibious assault contingent, operating as a secondary launch platform for LCACs. All dock landing ships are named after locations in the United States.
- Whidbey Island class (8 in commission)
- Harpers Ferry class (4 in commission)
Surface vessels
Cruisers are large surface combat vessels that conduct anti-air/anti-missile warfare, surface warfare, undersea warfare, and strike operations independently or as members of a larger task force. Ships See also ''Harpers Ferry''-class dock landing ship Sources US Navy Type Information Hutchinson Sources US Navy Type Information Hutchinson R (2002 Jane's Warship Recognition Guide HaperCollins London New York A cruiser is a large type of Warship, which had its prime period from the late 19th century to the end of the Cold War. Modern guided missile cruisers were developed out of a need to counter the anti-ship missile threat facing the United States Navy. This led to the development of the AN/SPY-1 phased array radar and the Standard Missile 2 with the Aegis combat system coordinating the two. The Aegis combat system is an integrated weapons system used by the United States Navy. Ticonderoga-class cruisers became the first to equip Aegis and were put to use primarily as anti-air and anti-missile defense in a battle force protection role. Later developments of vertical launch systems and the Tomahawk missile gave cruisers additional long-range land and sea strike capability, making them capable of both offensive and defensive battle operations. A Vertical Launching System ( VLS) is a type of Missile -firing system used aboard the Submarines and surface vessels of several navies around the The Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM is a long-range all-weather subsonic cruise missile All cruisers since CG-47 have been named for famous battles with USS Thomas S. Gates (CG-51) as the only exception. Previously, cruisers were either named for cities (until CG-12), former important navy figures (CG-15 to CG-35), or states (CG-36 to CG-42).
- Ticonderoga class (22 in commission, 5 decommissioned)
Destroyers are multi-mission medium surface ships capable of sustained performance in anti-air, anti-submarine, anti-ship, and offensive strike operations. Vertical Launching System See also Vertical Launching System In addition to the added Radar capability the Ticonderoga class built after the Two United States Navy ships have been named Port Royal, after Port Royal Sound in South Carolina, site of battles in both the American Vertical Launching System See also Vertical Launching System In addition to the added Radar capability the Ticonderoga class built after the In naval terminology a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance Warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, Convoy Like cruisers, the guided missile destroyers of the Navy are primarily focused on surface strikes using Tomahawk missiles and fleet defense through Aegis and the Standard missile. The Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM is a long-range all-weather subsonic cruise missile The Aegis combat system is an integrated weapons system used by the United States Navy. Destroyers additionally specialize in anti-submarine warfare and are equipped with VLA rockets and LAMPS Mk III Sea Hawk helicopters to deal with underwater threats. ASROC (for Anti-Submarine ROCket) is an all-weather all sea-conditions anti-submarine missile system developed by the United States Navy in the 1950s WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout When deployed with a carrier strike group or expeditionary strike group, destroyers and their fellow Aegis-equipped cruisers are primarily tasked with defending the fleet while providing secondary strike capabilities. Destroyers have been named for important navy personnel and heroes since the USS Bainbridge (DD-1).
- Arleigh Burke class (52 in commission, 3 under construction, 7 more planned)
Modern U. S. frigates mainly perform undersea warfare for carrier strike groups and amphibious expeditionary groups and provide armed escort for supply convoys and merchant shipping. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship They are designed to protect friendly ships against hostile submarines in low to medium threat environments using torpedoes and LAMPS helicopters. Some Frigates are also able to launch Standard missiles to supply limited protection against anti-ship missiles. Independently, frigates are able to conduct counterdrug missions and other maritime interception operations. The U. S. Navy expects to retire its current class of frigates by 2020. [39] As in the case of destroyers, frigates are named after naval heroes.
- Oliver Hazard Perry class (30 in commission, 20 decommissioned)
All U. Ships The ships were designed by Maine shipyard Bath Iron Works in partnership with New York-based naval architects Gibbs & Cox. S. battleships have been decommissioned and stricken from the Naval Vessel Register. A battleship is a large heavily armored Warship with a main battery consisting of the largest Calibre of Guns Battleships were Designed to engage other capital ships in open sea warfare, battleships were the Navy's largest and most important vessels until the mid-20th century. The rise of aircraft carriers in World War II led to the declining importance of battleships and the Navy relegated them to the roles of fire support and escort. Following a long period of inactivity, the Iowa-class battleships were recommissioned in the 1980s to augment the Navy's size and were upgraded with Tomahawk cruise missile capability. History The Iowa -class battleships were shaped by the Battle of Jutland, by naval treaties signed by various countries during the 1920s and 1930s and by the They were decommissioned for the final time in the early 1990s due in part to their high maintenance costs and the Cold War's end. All battleships except USS Kearsarge (BB-5) were named for states. Conversion to "crane ship" Kearsarge continued as an engineering training ship until 29 May 1919 when she embarked United States Naval Academy
Submarines
The primary missions of submarines in the U. There are two major types of Submarines in the United States Navy: ballistic missile submarines and attack submarines S. Navy are peacetime engagement, surveillance and intelligence, special operations, precision strikes, battlegroup operations, and denial of the seas. [40] The U. S. Navy operates two types: ballistic submarines and attack submarines. Ballistic submarines have only one mission: to carry and launch the nuclear Trident missile. This article contains technical information about the Trident ballistic missile Attack submarines have several tactical missions, including sinking ships and subs, launching cruise missiles, gathering intelligence, and assisting in special operations. A cruise missile is a guided Missile that carries an explosive payload and uses a lifting wing and a propulsion system usually a Jet engine, to allow Sea attack submarines are typically named for cities while land attack submarines (Virginia- and converted Ohio-class boats) are typically named for states. Earlier attack submarines were named for "denizens of the deep", while earlier ballistic missile submarines were named for "famous Americans" (although many of them were actually foreigners).
- Ohio class (18 in commission) — ballistic missile submarines with four converted into guided missile submarines. History The first eight Ohio -class submarines were originally equipped with 24 Trident-I (C4 Submarine-launched ballistic missiles Beginning with
- Los Angeles class (45 in commission, 17 decommissioned) — attack submarines
- Seawolf class (3 in commission) — attack submarines
- Virginia class (4 in commission, 5 under construction or ordered, at least 9 more planned) — attack submarines
Historically significant vessels
The U. Characteristics Capabilities According to the US government the top speed of Los Angeles -class submarines is over 25 knots (46 km/h 29 mph Boats ''Seawolf'' (SSN-21, commissioned and in service ''Connecticut'' (SSN-22, commissioned and in service ''Jimmy Innovations The Virginia s incorporate several innovations Instead of Periscopes the subs have a pair of extendable " Photonics masts quot outside Construction In August 1785 after the Revolutionary War drew to a close Congress sold, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy. S. Navy has operated a number of vessels important to both United States and world naval history. USS Constitution, nicknamed "Old Ironsides", is the only surviving vessel of the original six frigates authorized by Congress when they re-established the United States Navy in 1794. Construction In August 1785 after the Revolutionary War drew to a close Congress sold, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy. It served with distinction in the War of 1812 and is currently docked in Charlestown, Massachusetts, as the oldest commissioned warship afloat. Charlestown is a part of the city of Boston, Massachusetts located on a peninsula north of Boston proper USS Monitor and CSS Virginia are together known for participating in the first engagement between two steam-powered ironclads, known as the Battle of Hampton Roads. Design Monitor was one of three ironclad warships ordered by the U USS Merrimack becomes CSS Virginia When the Commonwealth of Virginia seceded from the Union in 1861 one of the important federal military bases threatened An ironclad was a steam-propelled Warship of the later 19th century protected by Iron or Steel armor plates The Battle of Hampton Roads, often called the Battle of Monitor and Merrimack, was a USS Monitor was the first ironclad built by the U. S. Navy and its design introduced the rotating gun turret to naval warfare. The first submarine built by the U. S. Navy was USS Alligator, which sank in 1863 while being towed during a storm and never saw combat. Construction In the autumn of 1861 the Navy asked the firm of Neafie & Levy to construct a small submersible ship designed by the French Engineer The submarine USS Nautilus (SSN-571), commissioned in 1954, was the first nuclear-powered warship in the world. "Underway on nuclear power" Following her commissioning Nautilus remained dockside for further construction and testing It demonstrated its capabilities by traveling 62,562 miles (100,684 km), more than half of which was submerged, in two years before having to refuel while breaking the record for longest submerged voyage. [41] USS Long Beach (CGN-9) was the first nuclear-powered surface warship in the world and signaled a new era of United States naval weaponry by being the first large ship in the Navy to have guided missiles as its main battery. Configuration The ship was designed as an "all-missile" ship from the very beginning but was fitted with two 5"/38 caliber gun mounts amidships at
Aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft are able to strike air, sea, and land targets far from a carrier strike group while protecting friendly forces from enemy aircraft, ships, and submarines. Naval aircraft used by the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. This list of military aircraft of the United States includes prototype pre-production and operational types This is a list of United States Navy aircraft squadrons. Deactivated or disestablished squadrons are listed in the List of Inactive United States Navy aircraft In peacetime, aircraft's ability to project the threat of sustained attack from a mobile platform on the seas gives United States leaders significant diplomatic and crisis-management options. Aircraft additionally provide logistics support to maintain the Navy’s readiness and, through helicopters, supply platforms with which to conduct search and rescue, special operations, anti-submarine warfare (ASW), and anti-surface warfare (ASuW). Logistics is the management of the flow of Goods, Information and other resources including Energy and people between the point of origin and the point For the TV series of this title see Search and Rescue (TV series. In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance Anti-submarine warfare (ASW or in older form A/S is a branch of Naval warfare that uses surface Warships Aircraft, space craft or other Submarines Anti-surface warfare, or ASUW (sometimes ASuW or less commonly anti-surface warfare) is a type of Naval warfare directed against Surface
The U. S. Navy began to research the use of aircraft at sea in the 1910s and commissioned its first aircraft carrier, USS Langley, in 1922. Collier President William H Taft attended the ceremony when Jupiter' s keel was laid down on 18 October 1911 at the Mare Island Naval Shipyard [42] United States naval aviation fully came of age in World War II, when it became clear following the Attack on Pearl Harbor, the Battle of the Coral Sea, and the Battle of Midway that aircraft carriers and the planes that they carried had replaced the battleship as the greatest weapon on the seas. The attack on Pearl Harbor (or Hawaii Operation, as it was called by the Imperial General Headquarters) was a surprise Military strike conducted by The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought from May 4 – May 8, 1942, with most of the action occurring on May 7 and May 8, was The Battle of Midway was a major Naval battle, widely regarded as the most important one of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Navy aircraft also played a significant role in conflicts during the following Cold War years, with the F-4 Phantom II and the F-14 Tomcat becoming military icons of the era. The Navy's current primary fighter and attack airplanes are the multi-mission F/A-18C/D Hornet and its newer cousin, the F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The F-35 Lightning II is presently under development and is scheduled to replace the C and D versions of the Hornet in 2012. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout [43]
Weapons systems
Current U. S. Navy shipboard weapons systems are almost entirely focused on missiles, both as a weapon and as a threat. In an offensive role, missiles are intended to strike targets at long distances with accuracy and precision. Because they are unmanned weapons, missiles allow for attacks on heavily defended targets without risk to human pilots. Land strikes are the domain of the BGM-109 Tomahawk, which was first deployed in the 1980s and is continually being updated to increase its capabilities. The Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM is a long-range all-weather subsonic cruise missile For anti-ship strikes, the Navy's dedicated missile is the Harpoon missile. The Harpoon is an all-weather over-the-horizon, Anti-ship missile system developed and manufactured by McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing Integrated To defend against enemy missile attack, the Navy operates a number of systems that are all coordinated by the Aegis combat system. The Aegis combat system is an integrated weapons system used by the United States Navy. Medium-long range defense is provided by the Standard Missile 2, which has been deployed since the 1980s. The Standard missile doubles as the primary shipboard anti-aircraft weapon and is undergoing development for use in theater ballistic missile defense. Short range defense against missiles is provided by the Phalanx CIWS and the more recently developed RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile. The Phalanx Close-In Weapon System (CIWS is an anti-missile system that was designed and manufactured by the General Dynamics Corporation, Pomona Division The RIM-162 Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile (ESSM is a development of the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow Missile used to protect Ships from attacking missiles and In addition to missiles, the Navy employs Mark 46 and Mark 50 torpedoes and various types of mines. Designed to attack high-performance submarines the Mark 46 Torpedo is the backbone of the U The Mark 50 torpedo is a US Navy advanced lightweight Torpedo for use against fast deep-diving submarines.
Naval fixed-wing aircraft employ much of the same weapons as the United States Air Force for both air-to-air and air-to-surface combat. Air engagements are handled by the heat-seeking Sidewinder and the radar guided AMRAAM missiles along with the M61 Vulcan for close range dogfighting. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM (pronounced am-ram is a modern Beyond Visual Range (BVR air-to-air Missile The M61 Vulcan is a 20 mm Hydraulically or Pneumatically driven six- barreled air-cooled For surface strikes, Navy aircraft utilize a combination of missiles, smart bombs, and dumb bombs. On the list of available missiles are the Maverick, SLAM-ER, and JSOW. The AGM-65 Maverick is an air-to-ground tactical missile (AGM designed for close air support The Standoff Land Attack Missile or SLAM is a subsonic over-the-horizon all-weather Cruise missile which grew out of the United States Navy 's Harpoon The AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon ( JSOW) is the product of a joint venture between the United States Navy and Air Force to deploy a standardized Smart bombs include the GPS-guided JDAM and the laser-guided Paveway series. Overview The JDAM is not a weapon rather it is a "bolt-on" upgrade for unguided gravity bombs installed during build up of the munition by Naval Ordnancemen or Air Force Paveway is a trademark of Raytheon Company which identifies its variants of Laser Guided Bombs (LGB Unguided munitions such as dumb bombs and cluster bombs round out the rest of the weapons deployed by fixed-wing aircraft. Cluster munitions or cluster bombs are air-dropped or ground-launched munitions that eject a number of smaller submunitions a cluster of bomblets
Rotary aircraft weapons revolve around anti-submarine warfare (ASW) and light to medium surface engagements. To combat submarines, helicopters use Mark 46 and Mark 50 torpedoes. Against small watercraft, they utilize Hellfire and Penguin air to surface missiles. The AGM-114 Hellfire is a multi-platform multi-target United States modular Missile system The Penguin Anti-ship missile (US designation AGM-119) made by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA of Norway from the early 1970s and continually Helicopters also employ various types of mounted anti-personnel machine guns, including the M60D, M240, GAU-16/A, and GAU-17/A. The M60 (formally the United States Machine Gun Caliber 762 mm M60) is a family of American General purpose machine guns firing 7 This article is about the.50 caliber M2 machine gun For the.30-06 M2 machine gun see M1919 Browning machine gun. The minigun is a multi-barrel Machine gun with a high rate of fire (several thousand Rounds per minute) employing Gatling -style rotating barrels and an
Nuclear weapons in the U. S. Navy arsenal are deployed through ballistic missile submarines and aircraft. The Ohio-class submarine carries the latest iteration of the Trident missile, a three stage, underwater launched, nuclear ICBM with MIRV capability; the current Trident II (D5) version is expected to be in service past 2020. History The first eight Ohio -class submarines were originally equipped with 24 Trident-I (C4 Submarine-launched ballistic missiles Beginning with This article contains technical information about the Trident ballistic missile A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle ( MIRV) is a collection of Nuclear weapons carried on a single Intercontinental ballistic missile [44] The Navy’s other nuclear weapon is the aircraft-deployed B61 nuclear bomb. The B61 Nuclear bomb is the primary Thermonuclear weapon in the U The B61 is a thermonuclear device that can be dropped by strike aircraft such as the F/A-18 Hornet and Super Hornet at high speed from a large range of altitudes. They can be released through free-fall or parachute and can be set to detonate in the air or on the ground.
Special warfare
The major players in U. S. Navy special operations are the United States Navy SEALs and the Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen (SWCCs, pronounced "swicks"). The Navy's Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen ( SWCC, pronounced "swick" operate and maintain the inventory of state-of-the-art high-performance boats used
The SEALs derive their name from the environments in and from which they can operate: SEa, Air, and Land. Their distinguishing specialty, however, is maritime operations—striking from and returning to the sea. [45]The SEALs are a flexible group of naval Special Forces who are trained to conduct clandestine warfare, most often in small-unit actions. In most countries special forces (SF is a generic term for highly-trained Military teams/units that conduct specialized operations such as Reconnaissance
SWCCs are trained in small ship and watercraft special operations and often work closely with their SEAL counterparts. Organized into Special Boat Teams, SWCCs have expertise in inserting and extracting SEALs in hostile territory, coastal patrol and surveillance, and boarding and searching vessels. The Navy's Special Warfare Combatant-craft Crewmen ( SWCC, pronounced "swick" operate and maintain the inventory of state-of-the-art high-performance boats used [46]
Naval special operations groups
Navy special operations fall under the jurisdiction of Naval Special Warfare Command, the Navy branch of United States Special Operations Command. The United States Naval Special Warfare Command ( SPECWARCOM, NAVSOC, or NSW) was commissioned April 16 1987 at Naval Amphibious Base Coronado The United States Special Operations Command ( USSOCOM or SOCOM) is the Unified Combatant Command charged with overseeing the various Special Operations Within Naval Special Warfare Command are seven operational entities: four Special Warfare Groups, the Special Warfare Development Group, the Operational Support Group, and the Special Warfare Center.
- Naval Special Warfare Group ONE and Group TWO each consist of four teams of Navy SEALs and a few Naval Special Warfare (NSW) Units. NSW units are charged with overall command and control and planning of special operations within their geographic jurisdiction.
- Group THREE is made up of SEAL Delivery Vehicle (SDV) Teams. SEALs who are assigned to SDV teams specialize in the use of Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (known as "SEAL Delivery Vehicles" in American service) and Advanced SEAL Delivery Systems (ASDSs). Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (SDVs are midget submersibles designed to transport combat swimmers from a combat swimmer unit or naval Special Forces underwater over long distances The SEAL Delivery Vehicle or (SDV is a manned Submersible and a type of Swimmer Delivery Vehicle used to deliver United States Navy SEALs and their Advanced SEAL Delivery System (ASDS is a midget submarine operated by the United States Navy and SOCOM, designed to provide stealthy submerged transportation for These watercraft are submersibles that are designed to insert SEAL operators underwater, from long distances offshore.
- Group FOUR comprises all of the Navy's Special Boat Teams.
- The U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group, also known as Dev Group or DEVGRU, is the United States military's premier Maritime Counter-Terrorism unit. The United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group, commonly known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six ( ST6) by civilians is the United States While the Navy confirms the existence of the unit, it merely states that the role of Dev Group is to test, evaluate, and develop technology and maritime, ground and airborne tactics for Navy Special Warfare; no official mention of counter-terrorism concerning DEVGRU is made. Though much of the information regarding this unit is classified, it is estimated that the group consists of approximately 200 active operators. [47]
- The Operational Support Group is the reserve element of NSWC, providing support to active units when necessary. [48]
- The Naval Special Warfare Center, located in Coronado, California, is the main training center for Navy special operations personnel including the United States Navy SEALs's. The United States Phil Bucklew Naval Special Warfare Center (NSWC also know as 'The Center' is a component command of the Naval Special Warfare Command and
Although not under the jurisdiction of NSW Command, Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal Units often work closely with special operations teams. Bomb disposal is the process by which hazardous explosive devices are rendered safe Trained to be combat-ready and highly mobile, EOD units are entrusted with nullifying hazardous ordnance in a number of different maritime environments. [49] They are also able to conduct underwater anti-mine operations using marine mammals. [50]
Naval Expeditionary Combat Command
Navy Expeditionary Combat Command (NECC), established in January 2006, serves as the single functional command for the Navy's expeditionary forces and as central management for the readiness, resources, manning, training and equipping of those forces.
NECC consolidates, aligns and integrates diverse expeditionary capabilities and combat support elements to create consistent expeditionary practices, procedures, requirements and logistics in the battle space. NECC’s enterprise approach will yield improved efficiencies and effectiveness through economies of scale and common processes.
NECC is a command element and force provider for integrated maritime expeditionary missions. NECC is a core expeditionary force providing effective waterborne and ashore anti-terrorism, force protection, theater security cooperation and engagement, and humanitarian assistance/disaster relief contingencies. Upon request, NECC supplements Coast Guard homeland security requirements while training and equipping forces to support mission requirements.
NECC capabilities include; Explosive Ordnance Disposal, Maritime Expeditionary Security, Riverine, Diving Operations, Naval Construction, Maritime Civil Affairs, Expeditionary Training, Expeditionary Logistics, Expeditionary Intelligence, Combat Camera, Expeditionary Combat Readiness, and Maritime Expeditionary Security.
The Maritime Expeditionary Security Force’s (MESF) (formerly known as Naval Coastal Warfare) primary mission is force protection conducted through fleet support with operations around the world. Anti-Terrorism and Force Protection missions include harbor and homeland defense, coastal surveillance, and special missions. Specialized units work together with MESF squadron staffs providing intelligence and communications. MESF units deploy worldwide to detect, deter, and defend an area, unit, or High Value Asset. Recent locations include the United States, Korea, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, and Egypt.
Two Maritime Expeditionary Security Groups in San Diego and Portsmouth, Va. provide centralized planning, control, training, coordination, equipping, and integration of coastal warfare assets trained to operate in high density, multi-threat environments. Units conduct force protection of strategic shipping and naval vessels operating in the inshore and coastal assets, anchorages and harbors, from bare beach to sophisticated port facilities.
Coastal and harbor defense and protection of naval assets are placed under the jurisdiction of two Naval Coastal Warfare Groups: one for the Pacific Fleet and one for the Atlantic Fleet. Within these groups are Mobile Security Squadrons and Naval Coastal Warfare Squadrons. MSSs deploy Mobile Security Detachments that provide force protection for high value naval targets in ports and harbors where U. S. shore infrastructure is limited or does not exist. Naval Coastal Warfare Squadrons provide surveillance and security in harbors, coasts, and inshore areas. They comprise Mobile Inshore Undersea Warfare Units (MIUWUs) and Inshore Boat Units (IBUs). MIUWUs are charged with security, observation, and communications support for commanders operating in an inshore/coast environment, including anchorages and harbors. In the same operating environment, IBUs manage water craft for security, interdiction and surveillance.
Naval culture
First and Current U. S. Naval Jack
Former U. S. Naval Jack
The current naval jack of the United States is the First Navy Jack, traditionally regarded as having been used during the American Revolutionary War. The United States Navy Memorial at 7th Street between Pennsylvania Avenue and Indiana A maritime flag is a Flag designated for use on Boats and other watercraft The First Navy Jack is the current US jack authorized by the United States Navy. On May 31, 2002, Secretary of the Navy Gordon England directed all U. Events 1279 BC - Rameses II (The Great (19th dynasty becomes pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States Secretary of the Navy ( SECNAV) is the Civilian head of the Department of the Navy. Gordon Richard England ( September 15, 1937) is an American Businessman who currently serves as the United States Deputy Secretary of Defense S. naval ships to fly the First Navy Jack for the duration of the War on Terrorism. The War on Terrorism (also known as the War on Terror) is the common term for the military political and legal, and ideological conflict and specifically for U Many ships chose to shift colors later that year on the first anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The previous naval jack was a blue field with 50 white stars, identical to the canton of the ensign (the Flag of the United States) both in appearance and size. Flags of the United States The Flag of the United States of America consists of 13 equal horizontal stripes of Red (top and bottom alternating A jack of similar design was used in 1794, though with 13 stars arranged in a 3–2–3–2–3 pattern. When a ship is moored or anchored, the jack is flown from the bow of the ship while the ensign is flown from the stern. The bow (pronounced &mdashrhymes with how) is a nautical term that refers to the forward part of the hull of a Ship or Boat, The stern is the rear or aft part of a Ship or Boat, technically defined as the area built up over the Sternpost, extending upwards from the Counter When underway, the ensign is raised on the mainmast. The First Naval Jack, however, has always been flown on the oldest ship in the American fleet. Currently, USS CONSTITUTION holds that honor.
Over the course of the United States Navy's 207-year existence, a distinct jargon has evolved among American sailors and has become a normal part of their everyday speech. Modern U.S. Navy slang draws from a number of varied sources. It includes traditional sailing terms, archaic English words, and a plethora of acronyms, joke phrases, crude expressions, and abbreviations that have been created within the past hundred years. [51]
Notable sailors
Many past and present United States historical figures have served in the Navy. Notable officers include John Paul Jones, James Lawrence, whose last words "Don't give up the ship" are memorialized in Bancroft Hall at the US Naval Academy, Oliver Hazard Perry, Commodore Matthew Perry, who fully opened Tokugawa-era Japan to the West, and Chester Nimitz, Admiral of the Pacific Fleet in World War II. John Paul Jones ( &ndash) was America's first well-known naval hero in the American Revolutionary War. James Lawrence ( October 1, 1781 &ndash June 4, 1813) was an American naval officer The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry (August 20 1785 &ndash August 23 1819 was an officer in the United States Navy. Matthew Calbraith Perry ( April 10, 1794 &ndash March 4, 1858) was the Commodore of the U The, also referred to as the Tokugawa period (徳川時代 Tokugawa-jidai) is a division of Japanese history running from 1603 to 1868 Fleet Admiral Chester William Nimitz, USN, GCB ( February 24, 1885 &ndash February 20, 1966) held the dual command A number of former Presidents were in the Navy as well, including John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and George H.W. Bush. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr (July 14 1913 December 26 2006 was the thirty-eighth President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977 and the fortieth Vice President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Both Theodore Roosevelt and Franklin D. Roosevelt were the Assistant Secretary of the Navy prior to their Presidencies. Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T Assistant Secretary of the Navy ( ASN) is the title given to certain senior officials in the United States Department of the Navy. Some members of the United States Senate and House of Representatives, for example John McCain and John Kerry, have also seen Navy service. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator Other notable former members of the U. S. Navy include astronauts, entertainers, authors, and professional athletes such as David Robinson and Roger Staubach. David Maurice Robinson (born) is a retired American NBA Basketball player who is often considered one of the greatest centers to ever Roger Thomas Staubach, also known as Roger the Dodger, Captain Comeback, and Captain America, (born February 5, 1942 in Cincinnati
References
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- ^ Work, Robert O. "Winning the Race:A Naval Fleet Platform Architecture for Enduring Maritime Supremacy". Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments Online. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Briefing. United States Navy Office of Financial Operations. Accessed April 06, 2007.
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- ^ a b c d Love, Robert W. Jr. History of the U. S. Navy Volume One: 1775-1941. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1992.
- ^ a b c Howarth, Steven. To Shining Sea: A history of the United States Navy 1776-1991. New York: Random House, 1991.
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- ^ |Weighing the US Navy Defense & Security Analysis, Volume 17, Issue 3 December 2001 , pages 259 - 265
- ^ King, Ernest J. , USN. "Major Combatant Ships Added to United States Fleet, 7 December 1941 - 1 October 1945". Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar U. S. Navy at War 1941-1945: Official Report to the Secretary of the Navy. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
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- ^ "Forward...From the Sea". Department of the Navy Website. Accessed July 25, 2006. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Jim Garamone (2007-10-17). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Sea Services Unveil New Maritime Strategy. Navy News Service. Retrieved on 2008-05-26. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place
- ^ The Coast Guard is often believed to act as the First Fleet in wartime; however, the United States has never officially used this reference and it is informal at best. "Numbered Fleets". There was a time in history in which the Navy was disbanded 1790-1798. The only warships protecting the country were Revenue Cutters, the predecessor to the USCG. This is why USCG ships are referred to as Cutters. Federation of American Scientists: Military Analysis Network. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Navy Reestablishes U.S. Fourth Fleet", US Navy, April 24, 2008. Events 1479 BC - Thutmose III ascends to the throne of Egypt, although power effectively shifts to Hatshepsut (according to 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ "Military Sealift Command". Official U. S. Navy Website. Accessed July 24, 2006. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Naval Special Warfare Command"Official U. S. Navy Website. Accessed February 1, 2008. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
- ^ USMC Public affairs -- Recon Marines seek green-side corpsmen.
- ^ [1] 14 USC 3. Relationship to Navy Department.
- ^ Admiral of the Navy George Dewey, USN. Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed May 16, 2007.
- ^ Naval Traditions: Names of Ranks. Naval Historical Center Official Website. Accessed May 16, 2007.
- ^ "Task Force Uniform". Navy Personnel Command. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Foutch, Michael, USN. "New Navy Working Uniform and Service Uniform Concepts Approved". Navy newsstand. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ [2]. New Navy Working Uniform and Service Uniform Concepts Approved. Accessed March 2, 2006. Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Chapter 2: Grooming Regulations". U. S. Navy Uniform Regulations. Accessed July 21, 2006. Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Naval Station Everett. Naval Station Everett Official Site. Accessed April 18, 2006. Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Guam. Globalsecurity. org. Accessed May 19, 2007.
- ^ Yokosuka, Japan. Globalsecurity. org. Accessed April 19, 2006. Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ USN Ship Naming. Naval Historical Center Website. Accessed May 19, 2007
- ^ "CVN-65 Enterprise". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed March 7, 2007
- ^ "CVN-68 Nimitz Class". Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Globalsecurity. org. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Why the carriers?". Official United States Navy website. Accessed March 7, 2007. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "Fact file - Aircraft Carriers". Official United States Navy website. Accessed March 7, 2007. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ "World Wide Aircraft Carriers". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed November 12, 2006. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ The US Navy Aircraft Carriers. Official U. S. Navy Website. Accessed August 20, 2006. Events 636 - Battle of Yarmouk: Arab forces led by Khalid ibn al-Walid take control of Syria and Palestine Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Carrier Design". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "FFG-7 OLIVER HAZARD PERRY-class Program Status". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Submarine Missions". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "SSN-571 Nautilus". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed July 20, 2006. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "A Brief History of U.S. Navy Aircraft Carriers: Part I - The Early Years". U. S. Navy Official Website. Accessed April 9, 2006. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "F-35C Joint Strike Fighter". Globalsecurity. org. Accessed July 18, 2006. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Trident Fleet Ballistic Missile". U. S. Navy Official Website. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "SEAL Missions". Official U. S. Navy SEAL Information Website. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "U.S. Navy Special Boat Squadrons". Global Special Operations 101. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "Naval Special Warfare Development Group". Specialoperations. com. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Naval Special Warfare Reshapes Reserves
- ^ "United States Navy Explosive Ordnance Disposal". Specwarnet. com. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ "U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Fleet Systems". U. S. Navy Marine Mammal Program. Accessed April 8, 2006. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
- ^ Naval Ceremonies, Customs, and Traditions / William Mack and Royal Connell - Naval Institute Press, 2004 - ISBN 1557503303
- Globalsecurity.org United States Navy section
- Naval Open Source Intelligence (NOSI)
- United States Navy Official Website
- U.S. Navy in WW II
- Howarth, Steven. To Shining Sea: A history of the United States Navy 1776-1991. New York: Random House, 1991. ISBN 0-394-57662-4
- Love, Robert W. Jr. History of the U. S. Navy Volume One: 1775-1941. Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1992. ISBN 0-8117-1862-X
External links
- United States Navy official website.
- A Cooperative Strategy for 21st Century Seapower
- Navy.com, USN official recruitment site.
- U.S. Navy News website. ; official news
- United States Navy Memorial.
- Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports regarding the U.S. Navy. University of North Texas Libraries.
- Photographic History of The U.S. Navy. Naval History. NavSource.
- Haze Gray & Underway — Naval History and Photography. HazeGray. org.
- U.S. Navy Ships. Military Analysis Network. Federation of America Scientists.
- United States Navy in World War I. World War I at Sea. net. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states (Includes warship losses. )
- U.S. Navy in World War II. World War II on the World Wide Web. Hyper War. (Includes The Official Chronology of the U. S. Navy in World War II. )
- Our Fighting Ships". U. S. WW II Newsmap. Army Orientation Course (1942-06-29). Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 512 - A Solar eclipse is recorded by a monastic chronicler in Ireland. Hosted by the UNT Libraries Digital Collections
- Strict Neutrality — Britain & France at War with Germany, September 1939 - May 1940. United States Navy and World War II. Naval-History. net. Retrieved on 2007-02-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states (Chronology of the lead up of U. S. entry into WWII. )
- The National Security Strategy of the United States of America.
Dictionary
United States Navy
-proper noun
- The ocean-based branch of the United States armed forces. Abbreviated as US Navy or USN.
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