United States Agency for International Development
Agency overview
Formed	November 3, 1961
Preceding Agency	International Cooperation Administration
Jurisdiction	Federal government of the United States
Headquarters	Washington, D.C.
Employees	1,759 (2006)
Agency Executives	Henrietta H. Fore, Administrator   James Kunder, Acting Deputy Administrator
Website
www.usaid.gov
Footnotes
[2][3]

The United States Agency for International Development (or USAID) is the United States federal government organization responsible for most non-military foreign aid. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D Henrietta H Fore is the administrator of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID and director of U The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. Military aid is Aid which is used to assist an ally in its defense efforts or to assist a poor country in maintaining control over its own territory Aid (from the french word aide, also known as international aid, overseas aid, or foreign aid, especially in the United States) is An independent federal agency, it receives overall foreign policy guidance from the United States Secretary of State and seeks to "extend a helping hand to those people overseas struggling to make a better life, recover from a disaster or striving to live in a free and democratic country. Independent agencies of the United States government are those that exist outside of the departments of the Executive branch. The United States Secretary of State (commonly abbreviated as SecState) is the head of the United States Department of State, concerned with Foreign affairs Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system . . " ^[1]

USAID advances U.S. foreign policy objectives by supporting economic growth, agriculture and trade; health; democracy, conflict prevention, and humanitarian assistance. The foreign policy of the United States is highly influential on the world stage as it is a Superpower. Humanitarian aid (also called succour) is material or logistical assistance provided for humanitarian purposes typically in response to humanitarian crises It provides assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa; Asia and the Near East, Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, and Eurasia. Sub-Saharan Africa is a geographical term used to describe the area of the African continent which lies south of the Sahara, or those African countries B Syria - Belka Woman from Damascus Arab from Baghdadjpg|thumb|Inhabitants of the Near East late nineteenth century The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting For the superstate in George Orwell 's novel see Nations of Nineteen Eighty-Four. USAID is also organized around four main pillars: Global Development Alliance; Economic Growth, Agriculture, and Trade; Global Health; Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistance. The Global Development Alliance (or GDA) is an program of the United States Agency for International Development. Global health is a field at the intersection of several Social science Disciplines -- Demography, Economics, Epidemiology, Political

History

USAID's origins date back to the Marshall Plan reconstruction of Europe after World War II and the Foreign Assistance Act. The Marshall Plan (from its enactment officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Foreign Assistance Act ( et seq is a United States Act of Congress. An executive order established USAID by consolidating U. executive order in the United States is a Directive issued by the President, the head of the executive branch of the federal government S. non-military foreign aid programs into a single agency. As a part of the U. S foreign affairs restructuring laws enacted in 1999, USAID was established as a statutory independent agency under section 104 of title 5 of the United States Code. (5 USC 5312 et seq)

USAID in the context of U. S. foreign aid

President Marcos tries out a payloader, which was donated to the Philippines through the USAID

At the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992, most of the world's governments adopted a program for action under the auspices of the United Nations Agenda 21, which included an Official Development Assistance (ODA) aid target of 0. The President of the Philippines is the head of state and government of the Republic of the Philippines. Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralín Marcos ( September 11, 1917 &ndash September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986 Rio de Janeiro ("River of January" ˈhiw dʒi ʒʌˈnejɾu in Brazilian Portuguese, /ˈriːoʊ di ʒəˈnɛroʊ/ in English is the second largest city of Brazil Agenda 21 is a programme run by the United Nations (UN related to Sustainable development. 7% of gross national product (GNP) for rich nations, specified as roughly 22 members of the OECD and known as the Development Assistance Committee (DAC). The United States never agreed to this target but remains — in real terms — the world's largest provider of official development assistance. However, relative to its economy, the U. S. is the 21st largest provider with a 0. 17% of GNI in aid^[2].

According to the Development Assistance Committee of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (DAC/OECD), the United States remains the largest donor of "official development assistance" at $23. 53 billion in 2006. DAC/OECD reports that the next largest donor was the United Kingdom ($12. 46b). The UK was followed (in rank order) by Japan ($11. 19b), France ($10. 60b), Germany ($10. 43b), Netherlands ($5. 45b), Sweden ($3. 95b), Spain ($3. 81b), Canada ($3. 68b), Italy ($3. 64b), Norway ($2. 95b), Denmark ($2. 24b), Australia ($2. 12b), Belgium ($1. 98b), Switzerland ($1. 65b), Austria ($1. 50b), Ireland ($1. 02b), Finland ($0. 83b), Greece ($0. 42b), Portugal ($0. 40b), Luxembourg ($0. 29b) and New Zealand ($0. 26b). [source: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/7/20/39768315.pdf]

USAID states that "U. S. foreign assistance has always had the twofold purpose of furthering America's foreign policy interests in expanding democracy and free markets while improving the lives of the citizens of the developing world. " However, some critics say that the US government gives aid to reward political and military partners rather than to advance genuine social or humanitarian causes abroad. Its role in Latin America has been criticised for being overtly political ^[3][4][5][6]

Iraq

Main article: Reconstruction of Iraq

Syndicated columnist John McCaslin wrote:

So who rebuilds Fallujah now that the U. Reconstruction of Iraq describes attempts by the international community to improve and repair the infrastructure of Iraq in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion when much S. military is mopping up its operations and securing the Iraqi city? We do, through the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Prior to the recent fighting, USAID workers were already in Fallujah working with the district government, moderate sheiks and tribal leaders on 17 projects totaling $2. 3 million. (Hopefully, all were spared during the fighting. ) Now, as soon as security is in place, USAID in Washington says it will re-enter Fallujah and begin neighborhood cleanups, clinic rehabilitation and municipal building repairs, all the time providing short-term employment to residents who will be returning to the city. Upwards of 250,000 residents fled Fallujah, and USAID has been providing many of them food and relief supplies, such as tents, blankets, mattresses, plastic sheeting, jerrycans, buckets, and hygiene and health kits. [5]

Rebuilding Iraq — C-SPAN 4 Part Series In June 2003, C-SPAN followed USAID Admin. Andrew Natsios as he toured Iraq. The special program C-SPAN produced aired over four nights. [6]

USAID itself is transparent on the information distributed to the public about its operations in Iraq. Detailed weekly reports, contracts and special reports are a part of the agency's web site on Iraq. [7]

See also

• John M. Granville
• Randall L. Tobias
• Andrew Natsios
• Bretton Woods system
• Mexico City Policy
• Mutual Security Act
• List of development aid agencies

References

External links

• USAID website
• Highlights of President Kennedy's Act for International Development, Bureau of Public Afffairs, U.S. Dept. of State, June 1961
• Historical bibliography of the United States Agency for International Development, USAID Center for Development Information and Evaluation (CDIE), April 1995
• USAID primer : what we do and how we do it, USAID, rev. January 2006
• Access over 147,500 USAID documents, reports and publications through USAID's Development Experience System (DEXS)
• Access over 9,100 USAID project descriptions, 1946–1996, through USAID's Development Experience System (DEXS)
• The recent top 10 downloaded reports from USAID's Development Experience System (DEXS)
• U.S. Overseas Loans and Grants, Obligations and Loan Authorizations, USAID annual report to U. John M Granville ( September 25 1974 &ndash January 1 2008) was an American diplomat who worked in South Sudan. Randall L Tobias (born March 20, 1942) is a former chief executive officer of Eli Lilly and Company who became the first United States Director of Andrew S Natsios (born September 22, 1949) is an American Civil servant who has served in a number of Massachusetts and high The Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states The Mexico City Policy, also known as the Global Gag Rule, is a United States government Policy which requires all Non-governmental organizations The Mutual Security Act of 1951 is a United States federal law that distributed $7 billion in Foreign aid and thus extended the Marshall Plan This is a list of aid agencies which provide regional and international Development aid or assistance divided between national and international organizations S. Congress
• USAID's Global Education Database, Displays UNESCO and other Education Data
• The US and Foreign Aid Assistance, article by Anup Shah
• EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database
• CE-DAT: The Complex Emergency Database