Ukrainians (Ukrayintsi)
T. Shevchenko • N. Makhno • L. Ukrainka • B. Khmelnytsky S. Tymoshenko • A. Dovzhenko • S. Korolyov • A. Shevchenko
Total population
44-45 million (2005 est. Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko (Тарáс Григóрович Шевчéнко ( &ndash) was a Ukrainian Poet, Artist and humanist. Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (Нестор Іванович Махно October 26, 1888 – July 6, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Larysa Petrivna Kosach-Kvitka (Лариса Петрівна Косач-Квітка ( &ndash) better known under her literary pseudonym Lesya Ukrainka (Леся Українка Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmel'nyts'kyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Stephen P Timoshenko or Stepan Prokofyevich Timoshenko (Степан Тимошенко Степан Прокофьевич Тимошенко December 22 Alexander Petrovych Dovzhenko (Олександр Петрович Довженко Oleksandr; Александр Петрович Довженко Aleksandr Petrovich Sergey Pavlovich Korolyov (often Transliterated as Sergei Korolev) (Серге́й Па́влович Королёв Сергій Павлович Корольов Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko (Андрій Миколайович Шевченко Andrij Mykolajovyč Ševčenko; born September 29 1976 in Dvirkivschyna, )
Regions with significant populations
Ukraine: 37,541,700[1]
Russia 2,942,961 [2]  Canada 1,209,805 [3][4]  Brazil 1,100,000 [3][5]  United States 890,000 [3][6]  Kazakhstan 550,000 [7]  Moldova 375,000 [3][8]  Argentina 305,000 [3][9]  Belarus 248,000 [3][10]  Germany 128,100 [3][11]  Paraguay 130,000 [3][11]  Italy 120,070 [3][12]  Spain 69. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. 081 (2007) [3][13]  Portugal 66,048 [3][14]  Latvia 61,589 [3][15]  Romania 61,350 [3][16]  Slovakia 55,000 [3][17]  Kyrgyzstan 50,442 [3][18]  Poland 40,000 [3][19]  Turkey 35,000 [3][16]  Australia 37,581 [20]  Azerbaijan 30,000 [3][21]  Lithuania 22,488 [3][22]  Estonia 22,300 [3][23]  Greece 14,149 [3][24] Rest of world 200,000
Languages
Ukrainian, Russian
Religion
Predominantly Eastern Orthodox, with a Greek Catholic minority in western Ukraine. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million Kyrgyzstan (ˈkɻ̩gɪztɑn (AmE or /'kɝgəztan/ (BrE Kyrgyz: Кыргызстан; Russian: Киргизия or Киргизстан or Кыргызстан Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Azerbaijan ( English; Azərbaycan officially the Republic of Azerbaijan (Azərbaycan Respublikası is the largest and most populous country in the South Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world History Before the Union of Brest See also History of Christianity in Ukraine The Ukrainian Catholic church did not exist as such until the Various Protestant churches have a growing presence among Ukrainians. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Judaism and Islam are spread among non-Ukrainian ethnic minorities, though citizens of Ukraine. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Ukrainians (Ukrainian: Українці, Ukrayintsi) are an East Slavic ethnic group primarily living in Ukraine, or more broadly—citizens of Ukraine (who may or may not be ethnic Ukrainians). Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Some 200 years ago and times prior to that, Ukrainians were usually referred to and known as Rusyny (Ukrainian: Русини, commonly translated as Ruthenians). Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The term Ruthenians (Русини Rusyny) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used

Locations

Main article: Ukrainian diaspora

Ukrainians are one of the largest European ethnic groups with a population of more than 44 million people worldwide. The term Ukrainian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, usually more specifically those who maintain some kind of connection even if ephemeral Most ethnic Ukrainians, about 37 million in total, live in Ukraine where they make up over three-quarters of the population. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. The largest Ukrainian community outside of Ukraine is in Russia, about 3 million Russian citizens consider themselves ethnic Ukrainians, while millions of others (primarily in southern Russia and Siberia) have some Ukrainian ancestry. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Southern Federal District ( Russian: Ю́жный федера́льный о́круг tr Siberia (Сиби́рь Sibir) is the name given to the vast region constituting almost all of Northern Asia and for the most part currently serving

There are also almost 2. 1 million Ukrainians in North America (1. 2 million in Canada and 890,000 in the United States). Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Large numbers of Ukrainians live in Brazil (950,000 - 1,000,000), Kazakhstan (about 500,000), Moldova (450,000), Poland (300,000), Belarus (250, 000), Argentina (305,000), and Slovakia (55,000). |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Kazakhstan, also Kazakstan ( Қазақстан, Qazaqstan, qɑzɑqˈstɑn Казахстан, Kazakhstán,) officially the Moldova, officially the Republic of Moldova ( Republica Moldova) is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Belarus ( Belarusian Беларусь / Biełaruś is a Landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the north and east For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Slovakia (long form Slovak Republic; Slovak:, long form, is a Landlocked country in Central Europe with a population of over five million There are also Ukrainian diasporas in Germany, Portugal (65,000), UK, Romania, Latvia and former Yugoslavia. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian

Origins

Numerous nomadic tribes inhabited territories now known as Ukraine in antiquity. Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. They included Iranic-speaking Scythians and Sarmatians, and also Greeks from the Black Sea colonies; Germanic-speaking Goths and Varangians as well as Turkic-speaking Khazars, Pechenegs and Cumans. The Iranian languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family and its subfamily Indo-Iranian. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες The Greeks ( Greek: Έλληνες) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighbouring regions Colonies in antiquity were City-states founded from a mother- City The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s The Varangians or Varyags ( Old Norse: Væringjar Greek: Βάραγγοι Βαριάγοι Váraggoi / Varyágoi, Ukrainian The Turkic peoples are Eurasian peoples residing in northern central and western Eurasia who speak languages belonging to the Turkic language family "Kazar" redirects here for the Marvel Comics character see Ka-Zar; for the village in Azerbaijan see Xəzər. The Pechenegs or Patzinaks ( Turkish: Peçenekler, Hungarian: Besenyő, Greek: Patzinaki/Petsenegi or Πατζινάκοι/Πετσενέγοι/Πατζινακίται Cumans (Кумани Byzantine: Kuman or Cuman, Kunok Turkic: Kumanlar) were a nomadic Turkic people who inhabited a However, Ukrainian origins are predominantly Slavic while non-Slavic nomads who mostly lived in the steppes of southern Ukraine had little influence on the ancestors of modern Ukrainians. ^[25]

Gothic historian Jordanes and 6th century Byzantine authors named two groups that lived on the south of Europe: sclavins (western slavs) and Antes. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s Jordanes (also Jordanis or even Iornandes) was a 6th century Roman Bureaucrat, who turned his hand to History later in life The Anti are normally identified with proto-Ukrainians. The name anti is of Iranic origin and means people living on the borderland. The state of Anti existed from the end of 4th to early 7th century. The 7th century is the period from 601 to 700 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. In the 4th cen. the Anti fought against the Goths. The Goths ( Gothic: Gothic usvg|14px|u]]Gothic asvg|14px|a]]Gothic s In 375, the Gothic king Vinitar, facing the Antis, at first experienced defeat but later captured the king of Anti, Bozh, whom he executed together with his sons and 70 aristocrats. The Goths did not manage to subdue the Anti, since in the same year the Gothic union fell from the attack of the Huns. The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads with a Turkic core of aristocracy From the 6th century the Anti fought Byzantium and in the 6-7 cen. The 6th century is the period from 501 to 600 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM colonised the Balkan peninsula. From the end of 6th cen. they fought against the Avars. The Caucasian Avars are a modern people of Caucasus, mainly of Dagestan. The Anti consisted of several East Slavic tribes, such as:

• Polans
• Drevlyans
• Severians
• Dulebes (that later likely became Volhynians and Buzhans)
• White Croats (Ukrainian mountaineers - Lemkos are direct offshoot descendants of White Croats)
• Tivertsi
• Ulichs

which lived on the territory of today's Ukraine. The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. The Polans (Поляни Polyany, Поляне Polyane) were a Tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 9th century The Drevlians ( Деревляни, Derevliany in Ukrainian; Древляне, Drevlyane in Russian) were a Tribe The Severians or Severyans or Siverians were a tribe or tribal union of Early East Slavs occupying areas to the east of the middle Dnieper river The Dulebs ( Dulebes) or (more correct Dulebi ( Дуле́бы Дуліби) were one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs Volhynians (Волиняни Volyniany) were a Tribe or tribal union of Early East Slavs. The Buzhans or (more correct Buzhane ( Бужане, Бужани) were one of the tribal unions of Early East Slavs. White Croats ( Byelohravati) is the designation for one group of Slavic (Croatian tribes which migrated to Dalmatia (the coastal part of today's Croatia Lemkos (Лeмки Lemko: Лeмкы translit Lemky; sing Лeмкo Lemko) one of several quantitatively and territorially small nationalities Tivertsi, aka Tivertsy, Tiverians ( Тиверцы in Russian, Тиверці in Ukrainian) is a tribe of Early East Slavs The Ulichs (Uglichs ( Уличи (Угличи in Russian, Уличі (Угличі in Ukrainian) were a Tribe of Early Undoubtedly these 7 tribes merged to form ethnic group known today as Ukrainians. The Ukrainian language is an East Slavic language and Ukrainian people belong to the same subdivision of Slavs as Rusyn (Ukrainian offshoot, as all Ukrainians were referred as Rusyns or Ruthenians before, from Kievan Rus' state of proto-Ukraine), Russian (which emerged as vernacular from Church-Slavic) and Belarusian. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries Church Slavonic (also Church Slavic, Old Bulgarian) is the Liturgical language of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church, Macedonian Orthodox Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also

Slavic tribes inhabited modern-day lands of Ukraine since the ancient times and by the 5th century A. D. became dominant there and founded the city of Kiev—later capital of a powerful state known as Kievan Rus'. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Kniaz Volodymyr I of Kiev adopted Christianity in 988 and proceeded to baptise the whole Kievan Rus. Kniaz’ or knyaz is a word found in some Slavic languages, denoting a Nobility rank Saint Vladimir Svyatoslavich the Great ( Old Russian: Володимеръ Святославичь, c Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Christianization of Kievan Rus' took place in several stages Polans played the key role in formation of Kievan Rus' state. The Polans (Поляни Polyany, Поляне Polyane) were a Tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 9th century

Among the native Ukrainian population of the Carpathians, there are differentiated several distinct groups, namely the Hutsuls, Lemkos and Boyko, each with peculiar area of settlement, dialect, dress, anthropological type and folk traditions. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Hutsuls (Гуцули singular Гуцул Romanian: Huţuli, singular Huţul, Hutsul dialect Hutsule, singular Hutsul; alternatively Lemkos (Лeмки Lemko: Лeмкы translit Lemky; sing Лeмкo Lemko) one of several quantitatively and territorially small nationalities The Boykos or Boikos are a distinctive group of Ukrainian Carpathian Montagnards of the Carpathian highlands There are a number of theories as for origins each of these groups, some even connecting Boyky with the Celtic tribe of Boii and Hutsuls with Uz people of Turkic stock. Boii ( Latin plural singular Boius; Greek) is the Roman name of an ancient Celtic tribe, attested at various The Oghuz (variously known as Ghuzz, Guozz, Kuz, Oguz, Oğuz, Okuz, Oufoi, Ouz, Ouzoi,

Non-Slavic elements

It is argued that the oldest known population of Ukraine - Scythians and Sarmatians were of Iranian stock. The Scythians or Scyths (Σκύθες Σκύθοι were an Iranian speaking people of horse-riding Nomadic pastoralists who dominated the Pontic The Sarmatians, Sarmatae or Sauromatae ( Old Iranian Sarumatah 'archer' Σαρμάτες They inhabited Ukraine in 7 b. c. — 3 a. d. Absence of sounds g (marking use of h) and f (often spelled as khv in Ukrainian) in Ukrainian along with some folk traditions (as greeting with bread and salt, houses with straw-roof, popular through history selfdesigning terms Roxolany, Roxolana and Savromaty among Ukrainians) is attributed to ancient Scythian language and culture. ^[26]

Several other minor non-Slavic ethnic groups undoubtedly partially contributed to formation of Central Ukrainian ethnic type. These include a row of Turkic tribes, such as Chorni Klobuky, Berendei and Torks, who were settled along the river Ros and Rusava and eventually all being absorbed by Ukrainians. Chernye Klobuki or Chorni Klobuky ( Russian for "Black Hats" Ukrainian Чорні Клобуки - Chorni Klobuky; The Berendei ( Ukrainian: Берендеї, Берендичі - Berendeyi, Berendychi) were a Turkic tribe of the Middle Torkils (also Torks, Cyrillic: торки were a Turkic tribe of the Middle Ages possibly of Kipchak or Oghuz origin Ros (Рось Ros’) is a River in Ukraine, 346 km in length a Right tributary of the Dnieper river. Many Turkic place names in Ukraine as Karabachyn, Torets, Torky, Berdychiv (lit. Berdychiv (Бердичів Polish: Berdyczów Берди́чев translit "of Berendychi" i. e. Berendei) remain in these areas. The Berendei ( Ukrainian: Берендеї, Берендичі - Berendeyi, Berendychi) were a Turkic tribe of the Middle Likewise, a number of Circassians (the oldest indigenous people of Northwest Caucasus) merged with and played some role in formation of Ukrainian ethnicity. Circassians is a term derived from the Turkic Cherkess ( Çerkes) and is not the self-designation of any people So the city of Cherkasy traces its name and origin to a Circassian settlement. Some Turkic and Circassian elements can be traced in Ukrainian language, last names, culture etc. ^[27]

In Western Ukraine, ancient Dacian influences can be traced. The Dacian language was spoken by the ancient inhabitants of Dacia. From the middle of the 1 st century (the peak period of Dacian society) until early 3 century, the left bank of the upper Dniester was populated by the Dacian tribe of Costoboci Transmontani (mentioned in Geography of Ptolomeus), who were the carriers of Lipica culture (of Verkhnya Lypytsya, Maydan Holohirskyy, Remezivtsi, Voronyaky etc. The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. The Costoboci were a Dacian tribe which lived in the areas known today as Maramureş and south-western Ukraine. ) The Dacian roots of Lipica culture is evidenced by findings of ceramic types, burning burials, houses analogical to those of Dacians in Romania. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Costoboci were the most northernmost branch of Thracodacians and bordered with the carriers of Przeworsk culture to the north-west (i. The Costoboci were a Dacian tribe which lived in the areas known today as Maramureş and south-western Ukraine. The Przeworsk culture is part of an Iron Age archaeological complex that dates from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century. e. Przeworsk culture settlement in Pidberiztsi near Lviv), Zarubintsy culture to the north who were all succeeded by Chernyakhov culture. The Przeworsk culture is part of an Iron Age archaeological complex that dates from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western The Zarubintsy culture was one of the major Archaeological cultures which flourished in the area north of the Black Sea along the upper Dnieper and The Chernyakhiv culture (also known as Cherniakhov culture or Cherniakhovo culture) ( Second century to Fifth century) was found in Ukraine It is with Costoboci was the fight of Romans against the Free Dacians in the 2nd century mentioned in different written sources. The Costoboci were a Dacian tribe which lived in the areas known today as Maramureş and south-western Ukraine. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial The Free Dacians were the Dacians whose territory was not conquered by the Roman Empire, in the regions of Eastern Wallachia, Moldavia, Crişana In the beginning of 3rd century Dacian archeological elements in Upper Dniester disappear. The Dniester (Дністер translit Dnister; Nistru is a river in Eastern Europe. ^[28]

So Roman chronicles of the 1st century report that in the Carpathians there was a Dacian tribe of Karpi. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати The Carpi or Carpians were a Dacian tribe that were originally located on the Eastern slopes of the Carpathian Mountains, in what is now Bacău County Karp-At meant mountains of Karpi. From possible Dacian meaning "mountains" may derive the name of people karpi—those who live in the mountains. The Dacian language was spoken by the ancient inhabitants of Dacia. At any case, the area of inhabitance of Free Dacians covered western Ukraine, and besides Costoboci, to the northern Dacians belonged Anarti and Teurisci. The Free Dacians were the Dacians whose territory was not conquered by the Roman Empire, in the regions of Eastern Wallachia, Moldavia, Crişana Ukrainian mountainiers Hutsuls, inhabiting the areas of old land of Free Dacians are often stated as being of Dacian stock. Hutsuls (Гуцули singular Гуцул Romanian: Huţuli, singular Huţul, Hutsul dialect Hutsule, singular Hutsul; alternatively Archeologists also discovered several Celtic settlements in Zakarpattia Oblast of southwestern Ukraine. Celts (ˈkɛlts or /ˈsɛlts/, see Names of the Celts Zakarpattia Oblast (Закарпатська область translit

There were numerous cases of Jewish conversion to Eastern Orthodox or Catholic faith in Ukraine in medieval and early modern eras, whether forced (during the Deluge or Koliyivshchyna) or voluntary. Koliyivschina 1768 - 1769 (Коліївщина from Ukr "impaling" was a Ukrainian Cossack and Peasant rebellion against Several cossack surnames are traced to such converts (see Jewish Cossacks). Background Of the different branches of Cossacks the only one that would allow Jews into their society were the Cossacks of

Though non-Slavic elements did have some impacts on the Ukrainians, as mentioned above, they are predominantly Slavs.

History

Main article: History of Ukraine

Ukraine had a very turbulent history, a fact explained by its geographical position. The territory of Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Up to the fifteenth century, Ukrainians were part of the Old East Slavic stock which also gave rise to the Belarusians and Russians. Belarusians or Belorussians (Беларусы Biełarusy previously also spelled Belarussians, Byelorussians and Belorusians, also The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries However, long history of separation and foreign influences have perceptibly reshaped their ethnolinguistic identity splitting them from the rest of East Slavs.

The history of independent statehood in Ukraine is started with the Cossacks. The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern The Cossacks of Zaporizhia since the late fifteenth century controlled the lower bends of the river Dnieper, between Russia, Poland and the Tatars of Crimea, with the fortified capital, Zaporizhian Sich. Zaporizhia ( Ukrainian: Запоріжжя Zaporizhzhya; Polish: Zaporoże or Dzikie Pola (Wild Fields or Savage Steppe Zaporizhian Sich (Запорізька Січ Zaporiz'ka Sich) original Slavonic name "Zaporizhska Sich'" was the center of the Dnieper Cossacks They were formally recognized as a state, the Zaporozhian Host, by treaty with Poland in 1649. The Zaporozhian Cossacks (Запорожці Zaporozhtsi,were Cossacks who lived in Zaporizhia, in Central Ukraine

Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of the Ottoman Empire (also known as Cossacks of Saporog Are Drafting a Manifesto Mehmed IV ( Ottoman Turkish: محمد رابع Meḥmed-i rābi‘; also known as Avcı, "hunter" ( January 2, 1642 &ndash Painted by Ilya Repin from 1880 to 1891. Ilya Yefimovich Repin (Илья́ Ефи́мович Ре́пин Ілля Юхимович Рєпін ( Chuhuiv, Russian Empire (now in Ukraine

Modern day Ukraine encompasses the seats of six of the original twelve principalities of the ancient Kievan Rus empire which flourished from 882 to 1245 AD. Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan Those principalities were Halych, Volodymyr-Volhynia, Kyiv, Pereyaslavl, Chernihiv, and Novhorod-Serverskyi and comprised the major centers of power of Kyivan Rus in its heyday. The 13th century Mongol invasion devastated Kievan Rus'. The Mongol invasion of Rus' was heralded by the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223 between Subutai 's reconnaissance unit and the combined force Kiev was totally destroyed in 1240. Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the ^[29] Subsequent to the fall of a united Halych-Volodymr-Volhynia in 1342, Ukraine/Ruthenia became the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, and still later of the Russian, Ottoman and Austo-Hungarian empires, Poland and the Soviet Union, finally gaining its independence on August 24, 1991. The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė old literary Lithuanian Didi Kunigiste Letuvos, Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, officially the Commonwealth of the Crown of the Polish Kingdom and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania also known as the Most Serene Republic The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar.

Modern Ukrainian national identity continued to develop, especially in opposition to foreign rule in the nineteenth century. In Imperial Russia the use of the Ukrainian language was discouraged and banned at different times in history;^[30] however, as many were illiterate, persecutions had little effect. The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya During the Soviet era, the Ukrainian language was at times suppressed at others tolerated or even encouraged. History of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union is covered in the following series of articles

From 1932-1933 millions of Ukrainians starved to death in a famine, known as the Holodomor. The Holodomor (Голодомор is the famine that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the 1932-1933 agricultural season Modern scholarly estimates of the direct loss of human life due to the famine range between 2. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation 6 million ^[31][32] and 3-3. 5 million^[33] although much higher numbers are sometimes published in the media and cited in political debates. ^[34] As of March 2008, the parliament of Ukraine and the governments of several countries have recognized the Holodomor as an act of genocide. Events in March American Red Cross Month Fire Prevention month ( The Philippines) Women's History Month ( United 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine (Верховна Рада України English: Supreme Council of Ukraine) is Ukraine 's Parliament Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group ^[35]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Ukraine

Language

Main article: Ukrainian language

Ukrainian (украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova, [ukraˈjinʲsʲka ˈmɔʋa]) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The Culture of Ukraine is a result of influence over millennia from the West and East with an assortment of strong culturally-identified Ethnic groups Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) a group of closely related Languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages It is the only official state language of Ukraine. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory Ukraine (Україна Ukrayina, /ukrɑˈjinɑ/ is a country in Eastern Europe. Written Ukrainian uses a Cyrillic alphabet. The Cyrillic alphabet (səˈrɪlɪk also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters is actually a family of Alphabets, subsets of which are used by The language shares some vocabulary with the languages of the neighboring Slavic nations, most notably with Belarusian, Polish, Russian and Slovak. The Belarusian language, or Belorussian,(беларуская мова BGN/PCGN: byelaruskaya mova, Scientific: belaruskaja mova Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages The Slovak language ( slovenčina, slovenský jazyk, not to be confused with Slovenščina) sometimes referred to as "Slovakian"

The Ukrainian language traces its origins to the Old East Slavic language of the medieval state of Kievan Rus'. Old East Slavic, also known as Old Russian (древнерусский or Old Ruthenian, was a vernacular literary language used from the 10th to the 14th centuries Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan In its earlier stages it was called Ruthenian or Little Russian. Little Russia, sometimes Little or Lesser Rus’ ( Malorossiya; Mala Rus’) was the name applied to parts of the territory of modern-day Ukrainian, along with other East Slavic languages, is a lineal descendant of the colloquial language used in Kievan Rus' (10th–13th century). ^[36]

The language has persisted despite several periods of bans and/or discouragement throughout centuries as it has always nevertheless maintained a sufficient base among the people of Ukraine, its folklore songs, itinerant musicians, and prominent authors. A Kobzar (кобзар pl kobzari кобзарі was a itinerant Ukrainian bard

Religion

Main article: Religion in Ukraine

The historic Vydubychi Monastery in Kiev. Traditionally Ukraine was inhabited by Pagan tribes but by the turn of the first millennium AD Byzantine-rite Christianity was introduced Vydubychi Monastery (Видубицький монастир Vydubyts'kyi monastyr) is an historic Monastery in the Ukrainian capital Kiev Kiev, also known as Kyiv ( Ukrainian:, Kyiv, ˈkɪjiw Russian:, Kiyev; see also Cities' alternative names) is the The monastery is administered by the Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate.

Ukrainians are predominantly of the Orthodox Christian faith. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world In eastern and southern Ukraine most common is the canonically recognised Ukrainian Orthodox Church an autonomous Church from the Moscow Patriarchate. Name For the purpose of distinguishing the two Orthodox Churches the Ukrainian Orthodox Church is often referred to in public as the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Central and western Ukraine show some support to the unrecognised Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate headed by Patriarch Filaret. The material from this article should be included in Ukrainian Orthodox Church - Kiev Patriarchate and History of Christianity in Ukraine. Some Ukrainians especially in the Western region of Galicia, belong to the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, one of the Eastern Rite Catholic churches. Galicia (Галичина ( Halychyna) Galicja is a historical region in East Central Europe, currently divided between Poland and Ukraine, History Before the Union of Brest See also History of Christianity in Ukraine The Ukrainian Catholic church did not exist as such until the This article refers to Eastern Churches in full communion with the Holy See Various Protestant churches as well have a growing presence among Ukrainians. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. ^[37] There are also ethnic minorities practicing Judaism and Islam. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation.

Music

Main article Music of Ukraine

Dance

Main article: Ukrainian dance

Ukrainian Welcome Dance Pryvit. Ukraine is a multi-ethnic Eastern European state situated north of the Black Sea, formerly part of the Soviet Union. Ukrainian dance (Український тaнeць translit Ukrayins'kyy tanets') refers to the traditional Folk dances of the peoples of Ukraine Pryvit ( Welcome, Привiт is a Ukrainian dance developed by 20th century Ukrainian performance ensembles to start off programs of Ukrainian folk dances

Ukrainian dance refers to the traditional folk dances of the peoples of Ukraine. Folk dance is a term used to describe a large number of dances mostly of European origin that tend to share the following attributes originally danced in about the Today, Ukrainian dance is primarily represented by what ethnographers, folklorists and dance historians refer to as "Ukrainian Folk-Stage Dances", which are stylized representations of traditional dances and their characteristic movements that have been choreographed for concert dance performances. Ethnography ( Greek ethnos = people and graphein = writing is a genre of writing that uses Fieldwork to provide a descriptive History The concept of folklore developed as part of the 19th century ideology of Romantic nationalism, leading to the reshaping of oral traditions to serve modern ideological Concert dance (also known as performance dance and theatre dance (particularly in the United Kingdom) is a category of Dances which is performed This stylized art form has so permeated the culture of Ukraine, that very few purely traditional forms of Ukrainian dance remain today. The Culture of Ukraine is a result of influence over millennia from the West and East with an assortment of strong culturally-identified Ethnic groups

Ukrainian Dance is often described as energetic, fast-paced, and entertaining, and along with traditional Easter eggs (pysanky), it is a characteristic example of Ukrainian culture instantly recognized and highly appreciated throughout the world.

Symbols

Flag of Ukraine. The Flag of Ukraine (державний прапор України translit

Coat of arms. The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident

Main articles: Flag of Ukraine and Coat of arms of Ukraine

The national symbols of the Ukrainians are the Flag of Ukraine and the Coat of arms of Ukraine. The Flag of Ukraine (державний прапор України translit The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident The Flag of Ukraine (державний прапор України translit The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident

The national flag of Ukraine is a blue and yellow bicolor rectangle. The color fields are of same form and equal size. The colors of the flag represent a blue sky above yellow fields of wheat^[38][39][40]. The flag was designed for the convention of the Supreme Ruthenian Council, meeting in Lviv in October 1848. Lviv ( Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv, Lwów Lemberg Львов L'vov; see also other names) is a major city in western Its colors vere based on the coat-of-arms of the Galicia-Volhynia Principality ^[41]. The Kingdom of Galicia-Volhynia ( Ruthenian: sla Галицко-Волинскоє Королѣвство Regnum Galiciæ et Lodomeriæ or Galicia-Vladimir, was

Another theory states that colours of Ukrainian flag stem from the Swedish flag . This theory goes back to the Battle of Poltava of 1709 when some Ukrainian cossack regiments changed sides and joined Swedes. The Battle of Poltava (or Pultowa on 28 June 1709 ( 8 July, N The Cossacks (Каза́ки́ Kazaki; Козаки́ Kozaki; Kozacy are a group of martial people living in the southern Steppe regions of Eastern In order to distinguish themselves in battle from cossacks loyal to Russian tzar Peter I they put on scarfs of Swedish soldiers^[42]. From that time the blue-and-yellow colours of Swedish flag became a symbol of independence from Russia.

The Coat of arms of Ukraine features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue shield with yellow trident—the symbol of ancient Slavic tribes that once lived in Ukraine, later adopted by Ruthenian and Kievan Rus rulers. The Coat of Arms of Ukraine (Tryzub features the same colours found on the Ukrainian flag: a blue Shield with yellow Trident The Flag of Ukraine (державний прапор України translit A shield is a protective device meant to intercept attacks The term often refers to a device that is held in the hand as opposed to Armour or a Bullet proof vest A trident (ˈtrаɪdənt also called a leister or gig, is a three- pronged Spear. The term Ruthenians (Русини Rusyny) is a culturally loaded term and has different meanings according to the context in which it is used Kievan Rus′ (Ки́евская Русь romanised: Kievskaya Rus', rusʲ also written as Kyivan Rus′ (Ки́ївська Русь or Kievan

See also

• List of Ukrainians
• Rusyns
• Ruthenians
• Ukrainians in Russia

References

Footnotes

Sources

Part of a series of articles on Ukrainians Culture Language ·Literature · Music · Art · Cinema Cuisine · Dance · Sport By region or country, see {{Ukrainian diaspora}} Closely related peoples Boykos · Hutsuls · Lemkos · Rusyns · East Slavs Religion Eastern Orthodoxy (Ukrainian) · Roman Catholicism · Greek Catholicism · Lutheranism · Islam Languages and dialects Ukrainian · Russian · Polish · Canadian Ukrainian · Rusyn · Surzhyk Topics History · Ukrainian famine · Rulers · Ukrainians This box: view • talk • edit

• Wilson, Andrew (2002). The Culture of Ukraine is a result of influence over millennia from the West and East with an assortment of strong culturally-identified Ethnic groups Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Ukrainian literature refers to Literature written in the Ukrainian language. Ukraine is a multi-ethnic Eastern European state situated north of the Black Sea, formerly part of the Soviet Union. Cinema of Ukraine are motion-pictures created within the nation of Ukraine or by Ukrainian filmmakers abroad Ukrainian cuisine has a rich history and offers a wide variety of dishes Ukrainian dance (Український тaнeць translit Ukrayins'kyy tanets') refers to the traditional Folk dances of the peoples of Ukraine When it comes to sports Ukraine is a typical European country The term Ukrainian diaspora refers to the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, usually more specifically those who maintain some kind of connection even if ephemeral The Boykos or Boikos are a distinctive group of Ukrainian Carpathian Montagnards of the Carpathian highlands Hutsuls (Гуцули singular Гуцул Romanian: Huţuli, singular Huţul, Hutsul dialect Hutsule, singular Hutsul; alternatively Lemkos (Лeмки Lemko: Лeмкы translit Lemky; sing Лeмкo Lemko) one of several quantitatively and territorially small nationalities Rusyns (also referred to as Русины Ruthenians Ruthenes Rusins Carpatho-Rusyns and Rusnaks) are a Slavic Ethnic group that speaks The East Slavs are a Slavic ethnic group, the speakers of East Slavic languages. Traditionally Ukraine was inhabited by Pagan tribes but by the turn of the first millennium AD Byzantine-rite Christianity was introduced The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world The Catholic Church in Ukraine is part of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and Curia in Rome. History Before the Union of Brest See also History of Christianity in Ukraine The Ukrainian Catholic church did not exist as such until the Ukrainian Lutheran Church (Українська Лютеранська Церква or ULC is a Christian denomination of the Lutheran tradition based The majority of Muslims in Ukraine are of Crimean Tatars in ethnicity and live in the Crimean Peninsula. Ukrainian (in Ukrainian украї́нська мо́ва ukrayins'ka mova,) is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Canadian Ukrainian ( Ukrainian: украї́нська мо́ва, ukrayins'ka mova,) is a variety (considered also as a Dialect Rusyn (ry русинськый язык) is an East Slavic language (along with Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian, with which it shares Surzhyk (суржик originally meaning ‘flour or bread made from mixed grains’ e The territory of Ukraine was a key centre of East Slavic culture in the Middle Ages, before being divided between a variety of powers The Holodomor (Голодомор is the famine that took place in Soviet Ukraine during the 1932-1933 agricultural season This is a Partial list of famous or notable Ukrainian people Academics Biologists/Physicians Mykola Amosiv Andrew Wilson (born 1961 is a Historian and political scientist specializing in Eastern Europe, particularly Ukraine. The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation, 2nd edition, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. Yale University Press is a book Publisher founded in 1908. It became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but remained ISBN 0-300-09309-8.  
• Magocsi, Paul R. (1996). Paul Robert Magocsi is a professor of History and Political science at the University of Toronto since 1980 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of A History of Ukraine. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Toronto (təˈrɒntoʊ colloquially pronounced or) is the largest city in Canada and is the provincial capital of Ontario The University of Toronto Press Inc (or UTP) is a Publishing house and an independent division of the University of Toronto that engages in Academic ISBN 0-300-09309-8.  

Online sources

External links

• Ukrainians on Encyclopedia of Ukraine
• Races of Europe 1942-1943 (English)
• Hammond's Racial map of Europe, 1919 (English) "National Alumni" 1920, vol. 7
• Peoples of Europe / Die Voelker Europas 1914 (German)
• Ethnographic map of Europe 1914 (English)
• Linguistic Divisions of Europe in 1914 (German)
• Ethnic Territory of the Ukrainian people in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (English)