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Tyāgarāja (Telugu: శ్రీ త్యాగరాజ స్వామి; d. 1847) was a composer of Carnatic music, who along with his contemporaries Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri forms the trinity of Carnatic Music composers. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India Muthuswami Dikshitar ( Tamil: முத்துஸ்வாமி தீக்ஷிதர் March 24[[ 775]] &ndash October 21 1835) Shyama Shastri ( శ్యామా శాస్త్రిஷ்யாமா ஷாஸ்திரி श्यामा शास्त्रि) ( 1762 - 1827 Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India He was a prolific artist and highly influential in the development of the South Indian classical music tradition. Tyagaraja composed hundreds of devotional songs, most of them in praise of the Hindu god Rama. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: His compositions are very popular even today. Five of his compositions called the 'five gems' (Pancharatna Krithis), are often sung in programs in honour of Tyagaraja.

Contents

Life

Tyagaraja was born to Kakarla Ramabrahmam and his wife Seethamma in the small town of Thiruvarur in the Thanjavur district of Tamil Nadu on May 4, 1767. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruvarur ( Tamil:திருவாரூர் (also spelt as Thiruvarur) is a city and a Thanjavur ( Tamil: தஞ்சாவூர் also known by its Anglicised name Tanjore, and it is the Eleventh largest city in Tamil Nadu (after Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Events 1256 - The Augustinian monastic order is constituted at the Lecceto Monastery when Pope Alexander IV Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a [1]

He was named Tyagaraja, after Lord Tyagaraja, the presiding deity of the temple at Thiruvarur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruvarur ( Tamil:திருவாரூர் (also spelt as Thiruvarur) is a city and a His maternal grandfather, Giriraja Kavi, at whose house in Tiruvarur Tyagaraja was born, was a poet-composer in the court of the king of Thanjavur. Giriraja Kavi was a noted composer of Carnatic Music, who lived in the 18th century in the kingdom of Thanjavur. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruvarur ( Tamil:திருவாரூர் (also spelt as Thiruvarur) is a city and a Thanjavur ( Tamil: தஞ்சாவூர் also known by its Anglicised name Tanjore, and it is the Eleventh largest city in Tamil Nadu (after There is a composition by Tyagaraja which seems to be a pun on himself and Lord Ganesha. Ganesha ( Sanskrit: sa गणेश Gaṇeśa) also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar The first line says 'giriraja suta tanaya'. This can mean himself as he is the son of Giriraja's daughter. It can also mean Lord Ganesha as he is the son of the daughter of Giriraja (King of the mountains - Himavanta). The family was a pious Telugu-speaking smartha brahmin family of the Mulukanadu subsect. Smartism (or Smarta Sampradaya, Smarta Tradition, as termed in Sanskrit) is a denomination of the Hindu Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. Mulukanadu Brahmins ( Telugu:మూలకారణం బ్రహ్మానందం are a sub-sect of Telugu speaking Vaidiki Smartha Brahmins It is assumed that they must have migrated from Vijayanagara empire then, in present day Andhra Pradesh, and had settled in Thiruvaiyaru. The Vijayanagara Empire ( Kannada: ವಿಜಯನಗರ ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ Telugu: విజయనగర సామ్రాజ్యము was a South WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thiruvaiyaru is a Panchayat town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state

Tyagaraja was married at a young age to a lady named Parvatamma, who died shortly afterwards. Tyagaraja then married Kamalamba and they had a daughter named Seethalakshmi. Tyagaraja died on January 6, 1847. Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common [2]

Musical career

Indian Music
Indian classical music
Hindustani music
Carnatic music
List of Carnatic composers
List of Carnatic singers
Concepts
Raga ·Thaat ·Melakarta · Katapayadi sankhya
Śruti · Swara · Saptak
Tala · Mudra ·Gharana

Tyagaraja started his musical training under Sonti Venkataramanayya, a noted scholar of music, at an early age. The music of India' includes multiple varieties of folk, popular, pop, and classical music. The origins of Indian classical music can be found from the oldest of Scriptures part of the Hindu tradition the Vedas. Hindustani Classical Music ( Hindi: हिन्दुस्तानी शास्त्रीय संगीत Urdu: ہندوستانی شاستریے سنگیت Carnatic music (also spelled Karnatak music or Karnatik music, and originally called Karṇāṭaka sangīta or Karṇāṭaka sangītam in India The Carnatic classical music tradition gained impetus in the 15th century through the works of Purandara Dasa, one of the foremost Haridasa Saints of the Vijayanagara Carnatic music is the classical music of South India Some of the more popular carnatic singers are Alathur Brothers Ariyakudi Ramanuja Iyengar Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used A thaat (ঠাট also transliterated as that) is a mode in Hindustani music. Melakarta is a collection of fundamental Ragas (musical scales in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music The Katapayadi sankhya is a way of determining the number of a Melakarta Ragam from the first two syllables of the name of the Raga. The śruti ( Sanskrit "thing heard" "sound" written also sruti or shruti is the smallest interval of the tuning system in for the town in Nepal see Swara Nepal The notes or swaras, of Indian music are shadja rishabh gandhar madhyam pancham dhaivat and nishad Saptak means "gamut" or "the series of seven notes" In Indian classical music, Tala ( Sanskrit tāla literally a "clap" is a rhythmical pattern that determines the rhythmical structure of a composition Mudra is the unique signature of a Carnatic music composer which is woven into some or all of their respective compositions In Hindustani music, a gharānā is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage and/or apprenticeship and by adherence to a particular Tyagaraja regarded music as a way to experience the love of God. His objective while performing music was purely devotional rather than to display his mastery over technicalities of music. When he was eight years old, Tyagaraja composed Namo Namo Raghavaya Anisham in raga Desikathodi.

A few years later Sonti Venkataramanayya, invited Tyagaraja to perform at his house in Thanjavur. Thanjavur ( Tamil: தஞ்சாவூர் also known by its Anglicised name Tanjore, and it is the Eleventh largest city in Tamil Nadu (after On that occasion, Tyagaraja sang Endaro Mahaanubhavulu, the fifth of the Pancharatna Krithis. Endaro Mahaanubhaavulu is a song written by Tyagaraja and is now famous all over the world Pleased with Tyagaraja's song, Sonti Venkataramanayya told the king of Thanajavur about the genius of Tyagaraja. The king sent an invitation, accompanied with many rich gifts, inviting Tyagaraja to attend the royal court. Tyagaraja, however was not inclined for a career at the court. He rejected the invitation outright, composing another gem of a kriti, Nidhi Chala Sukhama (does wealth bring happiness?) on this occasion. Angered at his rejection of the royal offer, Tyagaraja's brother threw the statues of Rama Tyagaraja used in his prayers into the nearby river Kaveri. Rama ( IAST: rāma Devanāgarī: राम Khmer: Phreah Ream Thai: Phra Ram Lao: Phra Lam Tagalog: The Kaveri River ( Kannada: ಕಾವೇರಿ ನದಿ Tamil: காவிரி ஆறு also spelled Cauvery in English Tyagaraja, unable to bear the separation with his Lord, went on pilgrimages to all the major temples in south India and composed many songs in praise of the deities of those temples. South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union

In addition to nearly 600 songs (kritis), Tyagaraja composed two musical plays (dramas) in Telugu, the Prahalada Bhakti Vijayam and the Nauca Charitam. Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam is in five acts with 45 kritis set in 28 ragas and 138 verses, in different metres in Telugu. Kriti is also a spelling of Crete, Greece "Kriti" is also the Hindi word for "creation" Rāga ( Sanskrit, lit "colour" or "mood" or rāgam in Carnatic music) refers to melodic modes used Nauca Charitam is a shorter play in one act with 21 kritis set in 13 ragas and 43 verses. It is the most popular of Tyagaraja's operas, and is a creation of the composer's own imagination and has no basis in the Bhagavatam. The Bhagavata Purana (also known as Śrīmad Bhāgavatam, or simply Bhāgavatam) is one of the Puranic texts of Hindu literature

Often overlooked is the fact that Tyagaraja's works are some of the best and most beautiful literary expressions in Telugu language.

K.V. Ramachandran, a well-known Indian music critic of the 20th century, wrote: "Tyagaraja is an indefatigable interpreter of the past. KV Ramachandran (1898-1956 of Coimbatore and Madras was arguably India's foremost music and Art critic of the 20th century . . but if with one eye he looks backward, with the other he looks forward as well. Like Prajapti he creates his own media and adores his Rama not alone with jewel-words newly fashioned, but also with jewel-music newly created. It is this facet of Tyagaraja that distinguishes him from his illustrious contemporaries. " In other words, while Tyagaraja's contemporaries were primarily concerned with bringing audiences the music of the past, Tyagaraja did so while also pioneering new musical concepts.

Remembrance and celebration

Tyagaraja Aaradhana, the commemorative music festival is held every year at Thiruvaiyaru in the months of January to February in honour of Tyagaraja. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Thiruvaiyaru is a Panchayat town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state This is a weeklong festival of music where various Carnatic musicians from all over the world converge at his Samadhi. On the Pushya Bahula Panchami[3], thousands of people and hundreds of musicians sing the five Pancharatna Kritis in unison, with the accompaniment of a large orchestra of violins, flutes, nagaswarams, mridangams and ghatams.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ According to another tradition, the year of his birth was 1749. In the Hindu lunar year Sarvajit 27th Soma, on Chaitra Sukla Sapthami, the 7th day of the bright half of the Hindu month of Chaitra, under the Pushya nakshatram star. The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as
  2. ^ On Pushya Bahula Panchami, the fifth day of the dark half of the month of Pushya, in the Hindu lunar year Prabhaava.
  3. ^ Pushya Bahula Panchami - the fifth day of the dark half of the month of Pushya, in the Hindu calendar every year.

External links

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