The Twenty-Four Histories (Chinese: 二十四史; pinyin: Èrshísì Shǐ; Wade-Giles: Erhshihszu Shih) is a collection of Chinese historical books covering a period of history from 3000 BC to the Ming Dynasty in the 17th century. Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Wade-Giles (ˌweɪdˈʤaɪlz) sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization system (phonetic notation and Transcription) for the Mandarin China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National History is the study of the past particularly the written record Those who study history as a Profession are called Historians Etymology The 30th century BC is a Century which lasted from the year 3000 BC to 2901 BC The Ming Dynasty ( or Empire of the Great Ming ( was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol -led As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The whole set contains 3213 volumes and about 40 million words. It is often considered an authoritative source of traditional Chinese history and culture, and is used for research on literature, art, music, science, military affairs, geography, ethnography and other subjects. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era The Culture of China (traditional Chinese 中國文化 simplified Chinese 中国文化 is home to one of the world's oldest and most complex Civilizations covering a history Science (from the Latin scientia, meaning " Knowledge " or "knowing" is the effort to discover, and increase human understanding A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking
Typically, after collecting credible sources, these canonical history records were produced in the next dynasty by officially organized editing, revising, and collating. It is officially considered as an officer's job failure for every factual error left in the published records. Therefore, compared to "personally made history" (稗史), they are considered as "credible history" (信史) by most professional history researchers.
Contents |
Books of the Twenty-Four Histories
- Early Four Historiographies 前四史
- 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian, compiled by Sima Qian 司馬遷 in 91 BC
- 《漢書》 Book of Han, compiled by Ban Gu 班固 in 82
- 《三國志》 Records of Three Kingdoms, compiled by Chen Shou 陳壽 in 289
- 《後漢書》 Book of Later Han, compiled by Fan Ye 范曄 in 445
- 《宋書》 Book of Song — Southern Dynasties, compiled by Shen Yue 沈約 in 488
- 《齊書》 Book of Qi — Southern Dynasties, compiled by Xiao Zixian 蕭子顯 in 537
- 《魏書》 Book of Wei — Northern Dynasties, compiled by Wei Shou 魏收 in 554
- Eight Historiographies of Tang Dynasty 唐初八史
- 《梁書》 Book of Liang — Southern Dynasties, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636
- 《陳書》 Book of Chen — Southern Dynasties, compiled by Yao Silian 姚思廉 in 636
- 《北齊書》 Book of Northern Qi — Northern Dynasties, compiled by Li Baiyao 李百藥 in 636
- 《周書》 Book of Zhou — Northern Dynasties, compiled under Linghu Defen 令狐德棻 in 636
- 《隋書》 Book of Sui, compiled under Wei Zheng 魏徵 in 636
- 《晉書》 Book of Jin, compiled under Fang Xuanling 房玄齡 in 648
- 《南史》 History of Southern Dynasties, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽 in 659
- 《北史》 History of Northern Dynasties, compiled by Li Yanshou 李延壽 in 659
- 《唐書》 Book of Tang, compiled under Liu Xu 劉昫 in 945
- 《五代史》 Five Dynasties History, compiled under Xue Juzheng 薛居正 in 974
- 《新五代史》 New History of the Five Dynasties, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 in 1053
- 《新唐書》 New Book of Tang, compiled under Ouyang Xiu 歐陽修 in 1060
- Three Historiographies of Yuan Dynasty 元末三史
- 《遼史》 History of Liao, compiled under Toktoghan 脫脫 in 1345
- 《金史》 History of Jin, compiled under Toktoghan 脫脫 in 1345
- 《宋史》 History of Song, compiled under Toktoghan 脫脫 in 1345
- 《元史》 History of Yuan, compiled under Song Lian 宋濂 in 1370
- 《明史》 History of Ming, compiled under Zhang Tingyu 張廷玉 in 1739
Inheritance works
- 《史記》 Records of the Grand Historian, inherited from Sima Tan 司馬談 (father) to Sima Qian 司馬遷 (son)
- 《漢書》 Book of Han, inherited from Ban Biao 班彪 (father), Ban Gu 班固 (son) to Ban Zhao 班昭 (sister)
- 《梁書》、《陳書》Book of Liang and Book of Chen, inherited from Yao Cha 姚察 (father) to Yao Silian 姚思廉 (son)
- 《北齐书》 Book of Northern Qi, inherited from Li Delin 李德林 (father) to Li Baiyao 李百藥 (son)
- 《南史》、《北史》History of Southern Dynasties and History of Northern Dynasties, inherited from Li Dashi 李大師 (father) to Li Yanshou 李延壽 (son)
Related works
- 《新元史》 New History of Yuan, compiled by Ke Shaomin 柯劭忞 in 1920
- 《清史稿》 Draft History of Qing, compiled under Zhao Erxun 趙爾巽 in 1927
See also
External links
- Chapter on the Western Regions Second Edition from Book of Later Han Volume 88, Reported by Ban Yong, Translated by John E. The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC Early life and education Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng Shaanxi. Year 91 BC was a year of the pre-Julian calendar. Events By place Rome Consuls Sextus Julius Caesar and The Book of Han ( is a classic Chinese Historical writing completed in 111 CE covering the history of Western Han from 206 BCE to Ban Gu ( 32–92 Courtesy name Mengjian (孟堅 was a 1st century Chinese historian best known for his part in compiling the Book of Han Year 82 was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. The Records of Three Kingdoms ( is the official and authoritative historical text on the period of Three Kingdoms covering from 189 to 280, Chen Shou (233–297 born in Nanchong, Sichuan, was the author of the Records of Three Kingdoms, a historical account of the Three Events By Place Roman Empire Constantius Chlorus marries Flavia Maximiana Theodora, stepdaughter of Maximian, after The Book of the Later Han ( is one of the official Chinese Historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century, using Fan Ye ( 398–445 Courtesy name Weizong (蔚宗 was a Chinese Historian and the compiler of Book of Later Han of Events By Place Western Roman Empire An edict of Valentinian III is issued against the Manichaeans. The Book of Song ( also called "The History of the Song" is a historical text of the Liu Song Dynasty of the Southern Dynasties of The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen Shen Yue ( 441–513 Courtesy name Xiuwen (休文 was a Chinese Historian born in Huzhou Zhejiang. Events By Place Europe Theodoric the Great becomes king of the Ostrogoths. The Book of Qi or Book of Southern Qi ( is a history of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi covering the period from 479 to The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen Events By Place Byzantine Empire December 27 — The construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is completed The Book of Wei ( is a classic Chinese historical writing compiled by Wei Shou from 551 to 554, and serves as an important historical The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Wei Shou ( 506–572 born in Xingtai Hebei, was the author of the Book of Wei, composed in 554 an important Chinese historical text Events By Place Byzantine Empire General Narses reconquers all of Italy The Tang Dynasty ( Middle Chinese: dhɑng (June 18 618&ndashJune 4 907 was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by The Book of Liang ( was compiled under Yao Silian, completed in 635. The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen Yao Silian (姚思廉 (d 637 Courtesy name Jianzhi (簡之 formally Baron Kang of Fengcheng (豐成康男 was an official of the Chinese Events By Place Byzantine Empire August 20 — Battle of Yarmuk: Khalid ibn al-Walid 's victory against the The Book of Chen ( Traditional Chinese: 陳書 Pinyin: Chén Shū was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Chen Dynasty. The Southern dynasties 南朝 ( nanchao in Pinyin: nán cháo comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen The Book of Northern Qi ( Chinese: 北齊書 Pinyin Běi Qí Shū was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Li Baiyao ( 564–647 Courtesy name Zhonggui (重規 formally Viscount Kang of Anping (安平康子 was a Chinese historian and an official The Book of Zhou ( Traditional Chinese: 周書 Pinyin Zhōu Shū was the official history of the Chinese / Xianbei dynasty Northern The Northern Dynasties (北朝 běi cháo included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Linghu Defen (令狐德棻 (582-666 formally Duke Xian of Pengyang (彭陽憲公 was an official of the Chinese dynasties Sui Dynasty and Tang The Book of Sui ( was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty, and it ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial Wei Zheng ( 580-643 Courtesy name Xuancheng (玄成 formally Duke Wenzhen of Zheng (鄭文貞公 was a Chinese politician and the lead editor The Book of Jin ( is one of the official Chinese historical works Fang Xuanling (房玄齡 (579–648 formal name Fang Qiao (房喬 but went by the Courtesy name of Xuanling formally Duke Wenzhao of Liang (梁文昭公 Events By Topic Religion Pope Theodore I excommunicates Patriarch Paul II of Constantinople The History of Southern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon This article is about a year Events By Place Europe Ealdormen in Mercia rebel against Northumbrian rule and The History of Northern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon The Book of Tang ( or the Old Book of Tang (舊唐書/旧唐书 is the first classic work about the Tang Dynasty. Events By Place Asia The Buwayhid Dynasty takes control of Baghdad (it does not supplant the local caliphate) The Five Dynasties History ( was an official history of the Five Dynasties ( 907 - 960) which controlled much of northern China. Xue Jucheng ( 912–981 was a Chinese Historian and Scholar who served under the Song Dynasty, as well as four of the Five Dynasties Events By Place Africa The Carmathians are defeated in Egypt by Jawhar as-Siqilli; Fatimid rule is consolidated The New History of the Five Dynasties ( Traditional Chinese: 新五代史 Pinyin: Xīn Wǔdài Shi is a history of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Early life He was born in Mingyang, Sichuan where his father was a judge though his family comes from present day Jishui (then known as Luling The New Book of Tang ( is a classic work of history about the Tang Dynasty edited by Ouyang Xiu and Song Qi (宋祁 and other official scholars of the The Yuan Dynasty ( Pinyin: Yuáncháo Dai Ön Ulus (Дай Юан Улс was a ruling Dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai The History of Ming ( Chinese: 明史 Pinyin: Míng Shǐ is one of the official Chinese historical works known as the Twenty-Four Histories Zhang Tingyu ( October 29 1672 — April 30 1755) was a Han Chinese politician during the Qing Dynasty. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Records of the Grand Historian, also known in English by the Chinese name 史記 or Shiji, written from 109 BC to 91 BC Sima Tan ( c 165–110 BC was an early Chinese Historian who worked under the Western Han. Early life and education Sima Qian was born and grew up in Longmen, near present-day Hancheng Shaanxi. The Book of Han ( is a classic Chinese Historical writing completed in 111 CE covering the history of Western Han from 206 BCE to Ban Biao ( 3–54 Courtesy name Shupi (叔皮 was a Chinese Historian, and an official born in what is now born in Xianyang Shaanxi Ban Gu ( 32–92 Courtesy name Mengjian (孟堅 was a 1st century Chinese historian best known for his part in compiling the Book of Han Bān Zhāo {45-116 CE}( fl 1st century Courtesy name Huiban (惠班 was the first female Chinese Historian. The Book of Liang ( was compiled under Yao Silian, completed in 635. The Book of Chen ( Traditional Chinese: 陳書 Pinyin: Chén Shū was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Chen Dynasty. Yao Silian (姚思廉 (d 637 Courtesy name Jianzhi (簡之 formally Baron Kang of Fengcheng (豐成康男 was an official of the Chinese The Book of Northern Qi ( Chinese: 北齊書 Pinyin Běi Qí Shū was the official history of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. Li Delin (李德林 Courtesy name Gongfu (公輔 formally either Duke Wen of Anping (安平文公 (according to the Book of Sui Li Baiyao ( 564–647 Courtesy name Zhonggui (重規 formally Viscount Kang of Anping (安平康子 was a Chinese historian and an official The History of Southern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon The History of Northern Dynasties ( is one of the official Chinese historical works in the Twenty-Four Histories canon Li Dashi ( 570–628 born in Anyang Henan, was a Chinese Historian, and an officer during the Sui and Tang dynasties Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar The Draft History of Qing was a draft of the official history of the Chinese Qing Dynasty compiled and written by a team of more than 100 historians hired by the Republic Zhao Erxun (b 1844 - d 1927 was the brother of the warlord Zhao Erfeng. Year 1927 ( MCMXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Zizhi Tongjian ( was a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography. Chinese civilization originated in various city-states along the Yellow River ( valley in the Neolithic era Chinese classic texts or Chinese canonical texts ( refer to the pre- Qin Chinese texts especially the Confucian Four Books and Five Classics The Book of the Later Han ( is one of the official Chinese Historical works which was compiled by Fan Ye in the 5th century, using Hill.
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