Trojan Horse - Citizendia

For other uses, see Trojan Horse (disambiguation).

19th century etching of an imagined Trojan Horse. For other uses of etch or etching, see Etching (disambiguation, for the history of the method see Old master prints.

The Trojan Horse is part of the Trojan War, as told in Virgil's Latin epic poem The Aeneid. In Greek mythology, the Trojan War was waged against the city of Troy by the Achaeans after Paris of Troy stole Helen from her Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. An epic is a lengthy Narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in The events of this take place after Homer's Iliad, and before Homer's Odyssey. Homer ( Ancient Greek:, Homēros) is a legendary ancient Greek epic Poet, traditionally said to be the author of the epic poems the The Iliad ( Greek: Ἰλιάς (Ancient Ιλιάδα (Modern is together with the Odyssey, one of two ancient The Odyssey ( Greek: Ὀδύσσεια or Odússeia) is one of two major ancient Greek epic poems attributed to Homer.

1 Legend
2 Fact or fiction
- 2.1 Book II of Virgil's Aeneid
3 Possible explanations
4 Men in the horse
5 Images
6 References
7 See also
8 External links

Legend

This incident is mentioned in the Odyssey:

What a thing was this, too, which that mighty man [Odysseus] wrought and endured in the carven horse, where in all we chiefs of the Argives were sitting, bearing to the Trojans death and fate! 4.271 ff

But come now,change thy theme, and sing of the building of the horse of wood, which Epeius made with Athena's help, the horse which once Odysseus led up into the citadel as a thing of guile, when he had filled it with the men who sacked Ilium . 8.487 ff (trans. Samuel Butler)

The most detailed and most familiar version is in Virgil's Aeneid, Book 2 (trans. Samuel Butler may refer to Samuel Butler (poet (1612&ndash1680 author of Hudibras Samuel Butler (schoolmaster (1774&ndash1839 John Dryden). John Dryden (– was an influential English poet Literary critic, Translator and playwright who dominated the literary life of Restoration England

By destiny compell'd, and in despair,

The Greeks grew weary of the tedious war,

And by Minerva's aid a fabric rear'd,

Which like a steed of monstrous height appear'd:

The sides were plank'd with pine; they feign'd it made

For their return, and this the vow they paid.

Thus they pretend, but in the hollow side

Selected numbers of their soldiers hide:

With inward arms the dire machine they load,

And iron bowels stuff the dark abode.

[. . . ]

Laocoon, follow'd by a num'rous crowd,

Ran from the fort, and cried, from far, aloud:

‘O wretched countrymen! What fury reigns?

What more than madness has possess'd your brains?

Think you the Grecians from your coasts are gone?

And are Ulysses' arts no better known?

This hollow fabric either must inclose,

Within its blind recess, our secret foes;

Or 't is an engine rais'd above the town,

T' o'erlook the walls, and then to batter down.

Somewhat is sure design'd, by fraud or force:

Trust not their presents, nor admit the horse. ’

Fact or fiction

According to Homer, Troy stood overlooking the Hellespont - a channel of water that separates Asia Minor and Europe. Troy ( Greek: grc Τροία Troia, also, Ilion; Latin: Trōia, Īlium, Hittite: Wilusa or See also Dardanelles Hellespont ( Turkish, Greek; ie "Sea of Helle" variously named in classical literature Hellespontium Pelagus Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black In the 1870s, Heinrich Schliemann set out to find it. Heinrich Schliemann (ˈʃliːman ( January 6 1822 in Neubukow Mecklenburg-Schwerin - December 26 1890, Naples) was a German ^[1]

Following Homer's description, he started to dig at Hisarlik in Turkey and uncovered the ruins of several cities, built one on top of the other. Hisarlik ( Turkish: Hisarlık, "Place of Fortresses" is the modern name for the site of ancient Troy, also known as Several of the cities had been destroyed violently, but is not clear which, if any, was the Troy of Homer's poetry.

Book II of Virgil's Aeneid

Book II of Virgil's Aeneid covers the siege of Troy, and includes these lines spoken by Laocoön:

equo ne credite, Teucri. Publius Vergilius Maro ( October 15, 70 BCE &ndash September 21, 19 BCE later called Virgilius, and known in English as Virgil or For the group of nine Ancient Egyptian deities see Ennead. The Aeneid (əˈniːɪd in

quidquid id est, timeo Danaos et dona ferentes.

Meaning (depending on the translation) "Do not trust the horse, Trojans! Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks, even bringing gifts". This is the origin of the modern adage "Beware of Greeks bearing gifts".

Possible explanations

Pausanias, who lived in the 2nd century AD, wrote on his book Description of Greece [1]:

That the work of Epeius was a contrivance to make a breach in the Trojan wall is known to everybody who does not attribute utter silliness to the Phrygians (1,XXIII,8)

where by Phrygians he means the Trojans. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus The 2nd century is the period from 101 to 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian / Common Era. Pausanias ( Greek:) was a Greek traveller and Geographer of the 2nd century CE, who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus There has been some modern speculation that the Trojan Horse may have been a battering ram resembling, to some extent, a horse, and that the description of the use of this device was then transformed into a myth by later oral historians who were not present at the battle and were unaware of that meaning of the name. A battering ram is a Siege engine originating in ancient times to break open Fortification walls or doors Oral history can be defined as the recording preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker Assyrians at the time used siege machines with animal names; it is possible that the Trojan Horse was such. The Assyrians are an Ethnic group whose origins lie in what is today Iraq, Iran, Turkey and Syria.

It has also been suggested that the Trojan Horse actually represents an earthquake that occurred between the wars that could have weakened Troy's walls and left them open for attack. ^[2] Structural damage on Troy VI—its location being the same as that represented in Homer's Iliad and the artifacts found there suggesting it was a place of great trade and power—shows signs that there was indeed an earthquake. Generally, though, Troy VIIa is believed to be Homer's Troy (see below).

The deity, Poseidon, had a triple function as a god of the sea, of horses and of earthquakes. In Greek mythology, Poseidon ( Greek:; Latin: Neptūnus) was the god of the Sea and as "Earth-Shaker"

The Trojan horse may also refer to the Trojan calvary lead by Hector. The enemy could have disguised themselves as this calvary unit and were let back into Troy without question.

Men in the horse

According to the Little Iliad it had 3,000 soldiers in its belly, and 2 spies in its mouth Apollodorus 50,^[3]Tzetzes 23,^[4] Quintus Smyrnaeus gives the names of thirty, and he says that there were more of them. The Little Iliad ( Greek:, Ilias mikra; Latin: Ilias parva John (Johannes Tzetzes (Ιωάννης Τζέτζης (c 1110 &ndash 1180 was a Byzantine Poet and Grammarian known to have lived at Constantinople ^[5] In late tradition it seems it was standardised at 40. Their names follow:

Images

Any images or constructions are products of the imagination of the artists, as the reality of the circumstances leading to the myth have been lost. grc-Latn Odysseus or la Ulysses ( Greek grc-Latn Odysseus; Latin: la Ulixes or more commonly Ulysses) oʊˈdɪsiəs This article is about Acamas in Greek mythology for the promontory in Cyprus see Akamas Acamas ( English translation: "unwearying" "Achilleus" redirects here For the emperor with this name see Achilleus (emperor. Agapenor ( Greek) was in Greek mythology a leader of the Arcadians in the Trojan war. For other uses of this name see Ajax. Ajax ( Greek:) was a Greek mythological hero son of Oileus In Greek mythology, Amphimachus is a name attributed to multiple individuals In Greek mythology, Antíphatês is the name of five characters In Greek mythology, Demophon referred to two different persons Demophon, a king of Athens, according to Pindar, son of Theseus Diomēdēs or Diomed ( Greek: Διομήδης English translation: "God-like cunning" or "advised by Zeus" is a Hero In Greek mythology, the name Echion, " of the viper" echis) referred to five different beings There were two characters named Epeius in Greek mythology. One was a Greek soldier during the Trojan War. Euryalus refers to two different characters from classical literature In the Aeneid by Virgil, Nisus and Euryalus are ideal friends (V The name Eurymachus, or Eurýmakhos, is attributed to the following individuals Greek mythology Eurymachus, an Ithacan nobleman In Greek mythology, Eurypylus ( Ancient Greek: Εὐρύπυλος was the name of several different people In Greek mythology, Idomeneus was a Cretan warrior father of Orsilochus, son of Deucalion, grandson of Minos and king of Crete In Greek mythology, Machaon was a son of Asclepius. With Podalirius, his brother he led an army from Thessaly (or possibly Messenia In Greek mythology, Mégês Phyleïdês (Μέγης Φυλεΐδης was a son of Phyleus. In Greek mythology, Menelaus ( Ancient Greek:) was a king of Ancient Sparta, the husband of Helen, and a central figure in the Menestheus (Μενεσθεύς the son of Peteus, son of Orneus, son of Erechtheus, was a legendary King of Athens during the Trojan War Meriones was a son of Molus and Melphis. Molus was a half-brother of Idomeneus In Greek mythology, Neoptolemus (also Neoptólemos or Pyrrhus; Greek Νεοπτόλημος "New War" was the son of the warrior Achilles In Greek mythology, Philoctetes (also Philoktêtês or Philocthetes, Φιλοκτήτης was the son of King Poeas of Meliboea The former Butterfly Genus Podalirius is nowadays included in Heliconius. In Greek mythology, Polypoites or Polypoetes ( Ancient Greek:) was a name attributed to the following individuals Polypoites was a son In Greek mythology, Sthenelus was a name attributed to four different individuals This article is about Teucer son of King Telamon of Salamis, for Teucer son of Scamander and Idaea, see King Teucer. In Homer 's Iliad, Thersander was one of the Epigoni, who attacked the city of Thebes in retaliation for the deaths of their fathers Thoas (Θώας son of Andraimon, was one of the heroes who fought for the Greeks in the Trojan War. You may be looking for Thrasymedes of Paros, the sculptor In Greek mythology Thrasymedes was a participant in the Trojan War.