?Tripura India
Coordinates: 23°50′N 91°17′E / 23.84, 91.28
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area	10,492 km² (4,051 sq mi)
Capital	Agartala
Largest city	Agartala
District(s)	4
Population • Density	3,191,168 (21st) • 304 /km² (787 /sq mi)
Language(s)	Bengali, Kokborok (Tripuri)
Governor	D. N. Sahay
Chief Minister	Manik Sarkar
Established	1972-01-21
Legislature (seats)	Unicameral (60)
ISO abbreviation	IN-TR
Website: tripura.nic.in
Seal of Tripura

Coordinates: 23°50′N 91°17′E / 23.84, 91.28

Tripura (help·info) (Bengali script: ত্রিপুরা) is a state in North-East India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions  Areas between 10000 km² and 100000 km² are listed here Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a list of Indian state Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. A district is an administrative division of a state in India India is divided into twenty-eight states and seven Union territories (UT In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume This is a list of the States of India in order of population The Constitution of India envisages Hindi as the primary official language to be used by the Union Government, with English as the subsidiary official language Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of Governors of Tripura See also Tripura Dinesh Nandan Sahay (born February 2 1936) is at present Governor of Tripura and was former Governor of Chhatisgarh. Chief ministers 1 Jul 1963 - 1 Nov 1971 Sachindra Lal Singh (b Manik Sarkar (born 1949) is an Indian politician He has been Chief Minister of Tripura since March 1998 and is a Politburo Member of Communist Party The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber ISO 3166-2 is the second part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ISO 3166-2IN is an ISO standard which defines Geocodes it is the subset of ISO 3166-2 which applies to India. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Bengali script ( Bengali: বাংলা লিপি Bangla lipi) is a variant of the Eastern Nagari script also used for Assamese and India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. North-East India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and Sikkim. Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on the north, south and west. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Indian states of Assam and Mizoram lie to the east. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. The capital is Agartala and the main languages spoken are Bengali and Kokborok (also known as Tripuri). Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of It was formerly an independent Tripuri kingdom ^[1] and was merged with independent India on 15 October 1949 by the Tripura Merger Agreement. Twipra Kingdom (sanskritized name Tripura, anglicized name Tippera) was one of the largest ancient Kingdoms of the Tipra people of India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The State of Tipra was one of the ancient princely states of the world It was also known as Hill Tippera (anglicized version of Tipra) during the British India period ^[2] and has a history of over 2500 years and 186 Kings^[3]. The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

Origin of name

Several theories exist pertaining to the origin of Tripura's name:

• The origin of the word Tripura is attributed to the legendary tyrant king of Tripura, Tripur. According to legend, Tripur was the 39th descendant of Druhya, who was a descendant of Yayati, one of the lunar race kings. Yayati (ययाति was a Puranic king and the son of king Nahusha. He was so powerful that he ordered his subjects to worship him as the sole God. People fled to escape his tyranny to the nearby state of Hiramba (Cachar). Cachar ( Assamese and Sylheti: কাছাড় Kasaŗ, Bengali: কাছাড় Kachhaŗ) is an administrative district

• The word Tripura may have originated from Tripura Sundari - the presiding deity of the land which is famous as one of the 51 Shakti Peethas, pilgrimage centres of Shakti worshippers of Hinduism. Tripura Sundari, also called Shodashi, Lalita (lit "She Who Plays" and Rajarajeshvari, is one of the group of ten goddesses of Hindu Belief The Shakti Peethas ( holy places of cosmic power) are places of worship consecrated to the goddess ' Shakti ', the female principal of Hinduism Shakti, meaning sacred force, power, or energy, is the Hindu concept or personification of the divine feminine aspect sometimes referred Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ^[4]

• According to another school of thought the name Tripura was probably given to the state in honour of the temple at Udaipur, Tripureshwari, the wife of lord Shiva.

• According to historian Kailash Chandra Singha, the word Tripura is a derivative from two different Kokborok words twi and pra. Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of Twi means water, pra means near. It is likely that the state bears the name Tripura from this fact that in ancient time the boundaries of Tripura extended up to the Bay of Bengal when its ruler held sway from the Garo Hills to the Arakan. The Bay of Bengal is a bay that forms the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean. The Garo Hills are part of the Garo-Khasi range in Meghalaya, India.

• According to another belief , Tripura is a corruption of Twi-bupra. The meaning of twi is water and that of bupra is confluence. Several villages in Tripura are named after the confluence of various rivers, e. g. Twikormo, Twirisa, Twisarangchak, and Twimudul.

History

Main article: History of Tripura

See also: Twipra Kingdom and Kings of Tripura

Temple in the Palace Compound

Tripura finds mention in the Mahabharata, the Puranas and pillar inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka. The State of Tripura has a long history The Kingdom of Tripura in its peak included the whole eastern region of Bengal from the Brahmaputra river in the Twipra Kingdom (sanskritized name Tripura, anglicized name Tippera) was one of the largest ancient Kingdoms of the Tipra people of The chronicle of Kings of Twipra Kingdom are given below as per the Rajmala, the Chronicle of the Kings in Bengal, written by court pandits 15 century For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" Ashoka ( Devanāgarī: अशोकः IAST: Aśokaḥ, aɕoːkə(hə Prakrit Imperial title Devanampriya Priyadarsi Tripura has a long historic past, its unique tribal culture and a fascinating folklore. In the distant past Tripura was known as Kirat Desh. There are references of Tripura in the Mahabharat and the Puranas. Tripura, the descendent of King Druya and Bhabru, contemprary of Yudhishtara, was the ruler on whose name Tripura is named. One more explanation says that the territory is named after the temple of Tripuri Sundari, located at Radhakrishnapur.

Tripura was a princely state before its merger with the Indian Union. For other uses see Principality, Other princely states A Princely State (also called Native State or Indian State) was a The Tripuri Kings (Habugra) held the title of Manikya and ruled Tripura for 3000 years until its merger. The chronicle of Kings of Twipra Kingdom are given below as per the Rajmala, the Chronicle of the Kings in Bengal, written by court pandits 15 century Udaipur, in South Tripura district, was the capital of the Kingdom. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Udaipur is a town and a Nagar panchayat in the Indian state of Tripura. South Tripura is an administrative District in the state of Tripura in India. The capital was shifted to Old Agartala by King Krishna Manikya in the eighteenth century, and then to the present Agartala in the 19th Century. Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. The 19th century marked the beginning of Tripura's modern era, when King Bir Chandra Manikya Bahadur Debbarma modeled his administration on the pattern of British India and enacted various reforms. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

The Ganamukti Parishad movement led to the integration of the kingdom with India in 1949. Tripura Rajaer Upajati Ganamukti Parishad ( Bengali for 'Tripura State Tribal People's Liberation Council' is a leftwing movement working amongst the tribal peoples Tripura was heavily affected by the partition of India and the majority of the population now comprises Hindu Bengalis, many of whom came as refugees from East Pakistan after independence in 1947. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating East Pakistan ( Bengali: পূর্ব পাকিস্তান Purbo Pakistan, Urdu: مشرقی پاکستان Mashriqi Pakistan) was Tripura became a centrally administered Union Territory on July 1, 1963 and attained the status of a full-fledged state on January 21, 1972. "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Armed conflict in Tripura has been a problem since the end of the 1970s as an aftermath of 1971 Indo-Pak war. The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a major military conflict between India and Pakistan. Mass migration of Bengalis from Bangladesh during this time has resulted in wide-spread insurgency and militancy in the state with groups such as the Tripura National Volunteers, the National Liberation Front of Tripura and the All Tripura Tiger Force aiming to drive away the Bengali people. Tripura National Volunteers (initially called Tribal National Volunteers) was a group that launched an armed struggle in the early 1980s to separate Tripura from The National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT was formed in December 1989 for the purpose of seceding from India in order to create an independent state of Tripura The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating

Geography and climate

Tripura landscape

Tripura is a landlocked hilly state in northeastern India with altitudes varying from 50 to 3080 ft above sea level, though the majority of the population lives in the plains. A landlocked country is commonly defined as one enclosed or nearly enclosed by land India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Mean sea level (MSL is the average (mean height of the Sea, with reference to a suitable reference surface Tripura has a tropical climate and receives rainfall during the monsoons. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months It is surrounded on the north, west, and south by Bangladesh and is accessible to the rest of India through the Karimganj district of Assam and Aizawl district of Mizoram in the east. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Karimganj is a city and a municipal board in Karimganj district in the Indian state Aizawl (population 339812 is the largest city as well as the capital of the state of Mizoram in India. Mizoram is one of the Seven Sister States in North Eastern India. The state extends between 22°56'N and 24°32'N and 90°09'E and 92°10'E. Its maximum stretch measures about 184 km from north to south and 113 km from east to west with an area of 10,492 km². Tripura is the third smallest state of the country.

Although landlocked, Tripura has many rivers including the Manu River which originates here. The Manu River originates in the mountains of Tripura ( India) and plunges downward through dramatic gorges and steep escarpments until it reaches a broad plain where ^[5]

Economy

Tripura's gross state domestic product for 2004 is estimated at $2. The rupee (रुपया ( code: INR) is the Currency of India. 1 billion in current prices. Agriculture and allied activities is the mainstay of the people of Tripura and provides employment to about 64% of the population. Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture There is a preponderance of food crop cultivation over cash crop cultivation in Tripura. In Agriculture, a cash crop is a crop which is grown for Money. At present about 62% of the net sown area is under food crop cultivation. Paddy is the principal crop, followed by oilseed, pulses, potato and sugarcane. Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many Pulses are annual leguminous crops yielding from one to twelve Grains or Seeds of variable size shape and color within a Pod, according The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae Sugarcane ( Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation of tall perennial grasses (family Poaceae tribe Andropogoneae Tea and rubber are the important cash crops of the State. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Tripura has been declared the Second Rubber Capital of India after Kerala by the Indian Rubber Board. Kerala ( Malayalam: {{Kerala in Malayalam}}; Handicraft, particularly hand-woven cotton fabic, wood carvings and bamboo products, are also important. Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily The per capita income at current prices of the state stands at INRs 10,931 and at constant prices Rs 6,813 in the financial year 2000-2001. The rupee (रुपया ( code: INR) is the Currency of India.

Some quality timber like Sal, Garjan, Teak and Gamar are found abundantly in the forests of Tripura. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or Dipterocarpus is a genus of Flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia Tripura has poor mineral resources, with meagre deposits of kaolin, iron ore, limestone, coal and natural gas. Kaolinite is a Clay mineral with the chemical composition Al 2 Si 2 O 5( OH)4 Iron ores are rocks and Minerals from which Metallic Iron can be economically extracted Limestone is a Sedimentary rock composed largely of the Mineral Calcite ( Calcium carbonate: CaCO3 Natural gas is a Gaseous Fossil fuel consisting primarily of Methane but including significant quantities of Ethane, Propane, The industrial sector of the state continues to be highly underdeveloped.

Government and politics

The 19th century Ujjayanta Palace, now used as the meeting place of Tripura's State Legislative Assembly

Tripura is governed through a parliamentary system of representative democracy, a feature the state shares with other Indian states. Ujjayanta Palace ( Bengali: উজ্জয়ন্ত প্রাসাদ Ujjoyonto Prashad) is a former royal palace situated A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in American English) is a System of government in which Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of the people's representatives Universal suffrage is granted to residents. Universal suffrage (also universal adult suffrage, general suffrage or common suffrage) consists of the extension of the right to vote to There are three branches of government. The legislature, the Tripura Legislative Assembly, consists of elected members and special office bearers such as the Speaker and Deputy Speaker, that are elected by the members. A legislature is a type of representative Deliberative assembly with the power to create amend and change Laws The law created by a legislature is called Legislation The Tripura Legislative Assembly ( Vidhan Sabha) is an Unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tripura, with 60 MLAs Ujjayanta Assembly meetings are presided over by the Speaker or the Deputy Speaker in the Speaker's absence. The judiciary is composed of the Guwahati High Court (Agartala Bench) and a system of lower courts. In Law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of Courts which administer Justice in the name of the sovereign or State The Guwahati High Court (गुवाहाटी उच्च न्यायालय was established on March 1, 1948 after the Government of India Act Executive authority is vested in the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, although the titular head of government is the Governor. In Political science and Constitutional law, the executive is the branch of government responsible for the day-to-day management of the State. Chief ministers 1 Jul 1963 - 1 Nov 1971 Sachindra Lal Singh (b The Governor is the head of state appointed by the President of India. Head of state is the generic term for the individual or collective office that serves as the chief public representative of a Monarchic or Republican Nation-state The President of India or Rashtrapati ( Hindi: राष्ट्रपति a Sanskrit Neologism, lit The leader of the party or coalition with a majority in the Legislative Assembly is appointed as the Chief Minister by the Governor, and the Council of Ministers are appointed by the Governor on the advice of the Chief Minister. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. The Assembly is unicameral with 60 Members of the Legislative Assembly, or MLAs ^[7]. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber A Member of the Legislative Assembly, or MLA, is a representative elected by the voters of an Electoral district to the Legislature or Legislative Terms of office run for 5 years, unless the Assembly is dissolved prior to the completion of the term. Tripura sends 2 representatives to the Lok Sabha and 1 representative to the Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The Rajya Sabha (meaning the "Council of States" is the Upper house of the Parliament of India. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. The Panchayat is a South Asian Political system. ‘Panchayat’ literally means assembly ( yat) of five ( panch) wise and respected elders chosen Tripura also has an autonomous tribal council, the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council which has it head-quarters in Khumulwng. The Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council ( TTAADC) is an independent council administering the tribal areas of the state of Tripura, India WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khumulwng is a town in the West Tripura district in Tripura, India.

The main political parties are the Left Front and the National Socialist Party of Tripura. BamfronttripuraJPG|thumb|right| West Bengal Left Front Committee meeting for solidarity with Tripura]] The Left Front ( Bengali: বাম ফ্রন্ট National Socialist Party of Tripura, Political party in the Indian state of Tripura. Tripura is currently governed by Left Front, with Manik Sarkar as Chief Minister. BamfronttripuraJPG|thumb|right| West Bengal Left Front Committee meeting for solidarity with Tripura]] The Left Front ( Bengali: বাম ফ্রন্ট Manik Sarkar (born 1949) is an Indian politician He has been Chief Minister of Tripura since March 1998 and is a Politburo Member of Communist Party Until 1977 the state was governed by the Indian National Congress. Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. The left front governed from 1978 to 1988, and then returned in power in 1993. During 1988–1993 the state was governed by a coalition of the Congress and Tripura Upajati Juba Samiti.

Divisions

State of Tripura having 4 districts, roadways & small railway network.

For administrative purposes, the state has been divided into 4 districts, 17 subdivisions, 40 development blocks.

Major towns of the state are Agartala, Badharghat, Jogendranagar, Dharmanagar, Pratapgarh, Udaipur, Kailashahar, Teliamura, Indranagar, Khowai and Belonia. Dhalai is an administrative District in the state of Tripura in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Ambassa is a Census town and the headquarters of the Dhalai district of the Indian North Tripura is an administrative District in the state of Tripura in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kailashahar town is the Nagar panchayat and head-quarter of North Tripura district in the South Tripura is an administrative District in the state of Tripura in India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Udaipur is a town and a Nagar panchayat in the Indian state of Tripura. West Tripura is an administrative District in the state of Tripura in India. Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Badharghat is a Census town in West Tripura district in the state of Tripura, WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Jogendranagar is a Census town in West Tripura district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dharmanagar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the state of Pratapgarh may refer to the following places in India Pratapgarh Rajasthan Pratapgarh district (Rajasthan Pratapgarh WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Udaipur is a town and a Nagar panchayat in the Indian state of Tripura. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kailashahar town is the Nagar panchayat and head-quarter of North Tripura district in the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Teliamura is a town and a Nagar panchayat in West Tripura district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Indranagar is a Census town in West Tripura district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khowai is a town and a Nagar panchayat in West Tripura district in the Indian WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Belonia is a town and a Nagar panchayat in South Tripura district in the state of Tripura Badharghat, Jogendranagar and Indranagar are now parts of the Agartala municipality.

Transport and communication

Tripura is connected with the rest of the country through Assam by meter gauge railway line extending to Lumding and Silchar. A narrow gauge railway (or narrow gauge railroad) is a Railway that has a Track gauge narrower than the of Standard gauge railways WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Lumding is a city and a Municipal board in Nagaon district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Silchar (শিলচর Shilchôr, Assamese: শিলচৰ Xilsôr, Sylheti The main railways stations are in the northern towns of Dharmanagar and Kumarghat. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dharmanagar is a town and a Nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the state of WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Kumarghat is a town and a Nagar panchayat in North Tripura district in the Indian National Highway 44 connects it to Assam and the rest of India.

Agartala Airport, which has flights to Kolkata, Guwahati, Bangalore , Chennai , Delhi and Silchar, is the main airport of the state. Agartala Airport or Singerbhil Airport is located 12 km (65 Nautical miles north of Agartala, Tripura, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Guwahati ( Assamese: গুৱাহাটী previously spelled Gauhati) is a major city in Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Silchar (শিলচর Shilchôr, Assamese: শিলচৰ Xilsôr, Sylheti

Most of the major Telecommunications companies of India are present in the state, with the state capital and regions of the state being served by Airtel, Aircel, Reliance and BSNL landline, mobile and broadband networks. Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August Aircel is a Mobile phone Service provider in India. It offers both Prepaid and Postpaid GSM cellular phone coverage throughout Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL

Demographics

Tripura is the second most populous state in North-East India, after Assam. The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of The Bishnupriya or Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPM (ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী is an Indo-Aryan language The Bishnupriya or Bishnupriya Manipuri (BPM (ইমার ঠার/বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী is an Indo-Aryan language Meitei-lon (মেইতেই লোন্ also Meitei-lol (মেইতেই লোল্ and Manipuri (মনিপুরি (and sometimes the 19th century The Sino-Tibetan languages form a Language family composed of at least the Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman languages, including some 250 languages of The Chakma (চাকমা also known as the Changma (চাংমা are a community inhabiting the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, and The term Kuki people refers to Zo Ethnic entity comprising of numerous clans The Mizo language is spoken in Mizoram, known as the Lushai Hills District till 1954 and which is now a state in the Indian Union North-East India refers to the easternmost region of India consisting of the contiguous Seven Sister States and Sikkim. Assam) ( Assamese: অসম Ôxôm) is a northeastern state of India with its capital at Dispur, a suburb of the city According to the census of 2001, Tripura has a total population of 3,191,168, with a density of 304 persons per square kilometer, and ranks 22nd among Indian states. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population It constitutes 0. 31% population of India and 8. 18% of the Northeast. In the 2001 census of India, Bengalis represent almost 70 % of Tripura's population and the native tribal populations represent 30% of Tripura's population. The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating The tribal population comprises several different tribes and ethnic groups with diverse languages and cultures with the largest tribal group being the Kokborok-speaking tribes of the Tripuri (16% of the state's population), the Jamatia, the Reang and the Noatia tribal communities. Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. Jamatia is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Reang or Riang, as it may be spelt is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Noatia is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. There is some tension between these native tribal populations and Bengali settlers in tribal areas.

Tripura ranks 22nd in the human resource development index and 24th in the poverty index in India according to 1991 sources. The literacy rate of Tripura is 73. Literacy in India is an indispensable means for effective social and economic participation contributing to human development and poverty reduction says UNESCO. 66%, higher than the national rate of 65. 20%.

Hinduism is the majority religion in the state, with 85. 6% of the population following the religion. ^[8] Muslims make up 8. 0% of the population, Christians 3. 2%, and Buddhists 3. 1%. ^[9]

This represents a major change in the religious composition of the state over time. In 1941 the population was 70% Hindu, 23% Muslim and 6% followers of tribal religions. ^[10] It should be noted that in 1951 Tripura had 649,930 inhabitants, and the number was even less in 1941 because the Hindu exodus had not begun from East Bengal, although that would not really become a factor in the state's population until the 1970s. East Bengal ( Bengali: পূর্ববঙ্গ Purbobôngo) was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly corresponded

Today most of the Hindus in Tripura, both those who are Bengali and the Tripuri and numerous tribes, are adherents of an animist-Shaktism hybrid of Hinduism, which was the state religion under the Tripuri kings. Animism (from Latin anima ( Soul, Life) commonly refers to a religious belief that Souls or Spirits exist in Animals Shaktism ( Sanskrit: Śāktaṃ sa शाक्तं lit "doctrine of power" or "doctrine of the Goddess") is a denomination of Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. Brahmin priests (called chantais) are regarded as custodians of dharma and occupy an exalted position in Tripura society. Brahmin ( Brāhmaṇa, sa ब्राह्मणः is the class of educators scholars and preachers in Brahminical Hinduism. The Sanskrit term ( Devanāgarī: धर्म Pali transliteration dhamma) is an Indian spiritual and religious Important gods are Shiva and Tripureshwari (patron goddess of Tripura and an aspect of Shakti). Shiva:(pronunciation; Sanskrit: शिव Śiva, lit "Auspicious one" One of the Trimurtis Shiva is the supreme God in the Shaiva A tutelary spirit or patron deity serves as the guardian of or an entity to watch over and protect a particular site person culture or nation Shakti, meaning sacred force, power, or energy, is the Hindu concept or personification of the divine feminine aspect sometimes referred Several fertility gods are also worshipped, such as Lam-Pra (the twin deities of sky and sea), Mailu-ma (goddess of corn, identified with Lakshmi), Khulu-ma (goddess of the cotton plant) and Burha-cha (god of healing). Lakshmi or Mahalakshmi (pronunciation; Sanskrit: लक्ष्मी lakṣmī) is the Hindu Goddess of Wealth Durga Puja, Navaratri, Vijayadashami and the worship of the Chaturdasha deities are important festivals. Durga Puja (দুর্গা পূজা ‘Worship of Durga’ also referred as Durgotsab (bn দুর্গোৎসব ‘Festival of Durga’ is an annual Navratri ( Sanskrit: नवरात्रि is a Hindu Festival of worship and dance Vijayadashami ( Nepali:विजया दशमी Kannada: ವಿಜಯದಶಮಿ Telugu: విజయదశమి Hindi: विजयदशमी The Chaturdasha Temple is a Hindu Temple ( Mandir) situated near Old Agartala, India, and features the Bengal dome patterned

Culture

Tripuri children from Khumulwng in traditional attire. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khumulwng is a town in the West Tripura district in Tripura, India.

See also: Tripuri culture

Tripura has several diverse ethno-linguistic groups, which has given rise to a composite culture. The Tripuri culture of North-East India has many important aspects to it The dominant culture is Bengali, while minority cultures are those of the Tripuris,Jamatia, Reang, Noatia, Koloi, Murasing, Chakma, Halam, Garo, Kuki, Lushai, Mogh, Munda, Oraon, Santhal and Uchoi. The Bengali people are the ethnic community from Bengal (divided between Bangladesh and India) on the Indian subcontinent with a history dating The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. Jamatia is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Reang or Riang, as it may be spelt is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Noatia is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Koloi is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. Murasing is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India. The Halam are a tribal group that lives in the state of Tripura in India. For other uses see Garo. is a Japanese Tokusatsu Television series The Lushais are a tribe native to Mizoram, in Northeast India. The Santals (also spelled as Santhal; formerly also Sonthal are the largest tribal community in India, found mainly in the states of West Bengal, Uchoi is one of the 21 scheduled tribes of Tripura state of India.

Tripura has a rich cultural heritage of music, fine arts, handicrafts and dance. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. Handicraft, also known as craftwork or simply Craft, is a type of work where useful and decorative devices are made completely by hand or using only simple tools Music is an integral part of the tribal people of Tripura. Some of their indigenous instruments are the sarinda, chongpreng and sumui (a kind of flute). Sarinda is also a genus of Jumping spiders. A sarinda is a stringed Indian Folk musical instrument similar to The sumui ( Flute) is one of the most Ancient and commonly played instruments in the musical tradition of Tripura. The flute is a Musical instrument of the Woodwind family Unlike other woodwind instruments a flute is a Reedless wind instrument that produces its Songs are sung during religious occasions, marriages and other festivals. NOTICE TO WOULD-BE ROMEOS ************** Agricultural festivals are integral to the culture of the state.

Dance is important to the tribal way of life. Dances are performed during Goria Puja. The Baba Goria is the universal God of all indigenous Tripuris Goria Ter ( Ter is the word for festival in Kokborok language is observed Hojagiri dance is performed by standing on a pitcher and is performed by the Reang clans. The Bihu dance is performed by the Chakmas during Chaitra Sankranti (the last day of the month of Chaitra). The Bihu dance is a Folk dance from the Indian state of Assam related to the festival of Bihu Chaitra ( Hindi: चैत cait or चैत्र caitr) is a Month of the Hindu calendar. Sankranti is a national festival in India. The word is derived from sat and kranti, meaning "good movement Chaitra ( Hindi: चैत cait or चैत्र caitr) is a Month of the Hindu calendar.

Flora and fauna

The state is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North-East Hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. The local flora and faunal components of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. There are 379 species of trees, 320 shrubs, 581 herbs, 165 climbers, 16-climbing shrubs, 35 ferns and 45 epiphytes. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like A fern is any one of a group of about 20000 Species of Plants classified in the phylum or division Pteridophyta, also known as Filicophyta An epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attaches to a living plant

Wildlife sanctuaries of the state include Sipahijola Wildlife Sanctuary, Gumti Wildlife sanctuary, Roa Wildlife Sanctuary and Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary. India has over 500 animal sanctuaries, referred to as Wildlife Sanctuaries ( IUCN Category IV Protected Area) National Park of the state include Clouded Leopard National Park, Sepahijola and Rajbari National Park, Trishna.

Education

Tripura schools are run by the state government or by private organisations, including religious institutions. Instruction is mainly in English or Bengali, though Kokborok and other tribal languages are also used. Secondary schools are affiliated with the CISCE, the CBSE, or the Tripura Board of Secondary Education. The Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (often abbreviated as CISCE) is a private non-governmental board of School Education in India Under the 10+2+3 plan, after completing secondary school, students typically enroll for 2 years in a junior college, also known as pre-university, or in schools with a higher secondary facility. The term junior college refers to different educational institutions in different countries Notable higher education institutions of Tripura are MBB College, National Institute of Technology, Tripura Institute of Technology, Tripura University and ICFAI University all located in Agartala. Maharaja Bir Bikram College aka MBB college is the oldest degree college of the Indian state of Tripura, imparting general education in the streams of Science National Institute of Technology Agartala was previously Tripura Engineering College and has been upgraded to NIT in 2006 Tripura Institute of Technology (TIT is an Engineering college in the city of Agartala set up by the Government of Tripura in 2007 Tripura University is the Main Public Central University of the Indian state of Tripura.

Sports

Football and cricket are the most popular sports in the state. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries The state capital Agartala has its own club football championships every year where many local clubs compete in a league and knockout format. Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura.

Tripura participates as a Eastern state team in the Ranji Trophy, the Indian domestic Cricket competition. The Ranji Trophy is a domestic First-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides equivalent to the County Championship The state also is a regular participant of the Indian National Games and the North Eastern Games.

See also

• Kokborok
• Bengal
• Agartala
• Tipra
• Tripuri
• Tripura Police
• Acharya Gour Ganguly, leader of Agartala's satyagraha movement in the 1970s against atrocities on women

Places of interest

Notes

1. ^ Govt.of Tripura
2. ^ Hill Tippera, from Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition. Kokborok (also spelled Kok Borok) also known as Tiprakok or Tripuri is the native language of the Tripuri people in the Indian state of Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Agartala ( Bengali: আগরতলা Agortôla) is the capital of the Indian state of Tripura. The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. The Tripuri (Tipra or Tipperah people are the original inhabitants of the Kingdom of Tripura in Bangladesh and North-East India. Tripura Police is responsible for Policing activities in the state of Tripura Acharya Gour Ganguly (1920-2003 was born in Kolkata India He was the founding father of the first major Satyagraha mass movement in north-eastern India (Tripura aimed The Chaturdasha Temple is a Hindu Temple ( Mandir) situated near Old Agartala, India, and features the Bengal dome patterned Shilghati (also spelled Silghati) is a village located in the South Tripura district of Tripura state of India. Jampui Hills is located at an altitude of approximately 1000 metres Kamalasagar is an Artificial lake in Tripura, India, constructed by King Dhanya Manikya of Tripura in the 15th century and is a popular spot for picnickers WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Khumulwng is a town in the West Tripura district in Tripura, India. Neermahal (নীরমহল meaning Water palace) is a former royal palace built by King Bir Bikram Kishore Debbarman of the erstwhile Kingdom of Tripura Rasu Kami is a small Tripuri village situated on the foot-hills of Boromura hill range in Sadar sub-division of West Tripura. It is situated in the ancient Udaipur, believed to be one of the holiest Hindu shrines in this part of the country The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica
3. ^ Tripura History,Tripura India History,Tripura Information History
4. ^ Tripura
5. ^ Manu River. banglapedia. Retrieved on 2007-07-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death
6. ^ Gross State Domestic Product at Current Prices (1999–2000 Bae. National Accounts Division: Press release & Statements. Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India. Retrieved on 2007-03-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus
7. ^ Tripura Legislative Assembly. Legislative Bodies in India. National Informatics Centre. Retrieved on 2007-04-21. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date)
8. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/ 2001 Indian Census Data
9. ^ http://www.censusindia.net/religiondata/ 2001 Indian Census Data
10. ^ Columbia-Lippincott Gazeteer. p. 1947

• Native-NE: The Community Website of North East India

Further reading

• Jagadis Gan-Chaudhuri (1985), An Anthology of Tripura, Inter India Publications ISBN 8121000750
• Roychoudhury, N. R. (1977), Tripura Through the Ages: A Short History of Tripura from the Earliest Times to 1947 A. D. , Bureau of Research & Publications on Tripura.
• Bhattacharjee, P. R. (1994), Economic Transition in Tripura (Hardcover), Vikas Publishing House ISBN 978-0706971712
• Palit, P. K. (2004), History of Religion in Tripura (Hardcover) Kaveri Books ISBN 978-8174790644
• Debbarma, Chandramani (2006), Glory of Tripura Civilisation Parul Prakashani, Agartala

External links

• Tripura travel guide from Wikitravel
• Official website of the government of Tripura.
• Tripura at the Open Directory Project
• Tripura from the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica
• Introduction to Tripura by Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA)
• Profile of Twipra (Tripura)
• Tripura Society's website
• A Cyber Joint for Tripura University Alumni
• Indian Railways History in North East of India
• Biggest News and Information Portal of Tripura