The coniferous Coast Redwood is the tallest tree species on earth. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly

Trunk base of a Coast Redwood tree in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park: Simpson Reed Discovery Trail, near Crescent City, California

A tree is a perennial woody plant. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly Jedediah Smith Redwoods Park, established in 1929 was named after the noted fur trapper Jedediah Smith, who visited its location during an 1826 expedition Crescent City is the only incorporated city of Del Norte County California and serves as the County seat. A perennial plant or perennial ( Latin per, "through" annus, "year" is a Plant that lives for more than A woody plant is any vascular Plant that has a perennial stem that is above ground and covered by a layer of thickened Bark. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. In Botany, trunk (or bole) refers to the main structural member of a Tree that supports the Branches and is supported by and directly attached ^[1] A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m^[2] to 6 m;^[3] some authors set a minimum of 10 cm trunk diameter (30 cm girth). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International ^[4] Woody plants that do not meet these definitions by having multiple stems and/or small size, are called shrubs. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree Compared with most other plants, trees are long-lived, some of them getting to be several thousand years old and growing to up to 115 m (375 ft) high. ^[5]

Trees are an important component of the natural landscape because of their prevention of erosion and the provision of a specific weather-sheltered ecosystem in and under their foliage. Natural landscapes ""are Landscapes beyond cultural influence Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind An ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants animals and micro-organisms( Biotic factors in an area functioning together with all of the non-living physical ( In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Trees have also been found to play an important role in producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, as well as moderating ground temperatures. Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single They are also significant elements in landscaping and agriculture, both for their aesthetic appeal and their orchard crops (such as apples). Landscape architecture involves the investigation and designed response to the landscape Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture Aesthetics or esthetics ( also spelled æsthetics) is commonly known as the study of sensory or sensori-emotional values sometimes called An orchard is an intentional planting of Trees or Shrubs maintained for Food production. The apple is the pomaceous Fruit of the apple tree Species Malus domestica in the Rose family Rosaceae. Wood from trees is a common building material. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs For other kinds of building materials see Hardware, Biology, Star formation. Trees also play an intimate role in many of the world's mythologies (see trees in mythology). The word mythology (from the Greek grc μυθολογία mythología, meaning "a story-telling a legendary lore" Trees have played an important role in many of the world's mythologies and Religions and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages

Classification

A Sweet Chestnut tree in Ticino, Switzerland

A tree is a plant form that occurs in many different orders and families of plants. The Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa, family Fagaceae) also known as the Spanish Chestnut Portuguese Chestnut or European chestnut is a species of Chestnut Canton Ticino or Ticino ( Italian: tiˈtʃiːno French and German: Tessin and) is the southernmost canton of Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation This article is about the taxonomic rank for the sequence of species in a taxonomic list see Taxonomic order In scientific classification used In Biological classification, family ( Latin Trees show a wide variety of growth forms, leaf type and shape, bark characteristics, and reproductive organs. Plant life-form schemes constitute a way of classifying plants alternatively to the ordinary species-genus-family Scientific classification.

The tree form has evolved separately in unrelated classes of plants, in response to similar environmental challenges, making it a classic example of parallel evolution. Parallel evolution is the independent evolution of similar traits starting from a similar ancestral condition due to similar environments or other evolutionary pressures

The earliest trees were tree ferns and horsetails, which grew in vast forests in the Carboniferous Period; tree ferns still survive, but the only surviving horsetails are not of tree form. The order Cyatheales is a Taxonomic division of the Fern subclass Cyatheatae, which includes the tree ferns. Equisetum is a genus of Vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria The Carboniferous is a geologic period and system that extends from the end of the Devonian period about 359 Later, in the Triassic Period, conifers, ginkgos, cycads and other gymnosperms appeared, and subsequently flowering plants in the Cretaceous Period. The Triassic is a geologic period and system that extends from about 251 to 199 Ma (million years ago Ginkgo is a genus of highly unusual non-flowering plants with one extant species G Cycads are a group of Seed plants characterized by a large crown of compound leaves and a stout trunk. Gymnosperm (Gymnospermae are a group of Spermatophyte seed-bearing Plants with Ovules on the edge or blade of an open Sporophyll, which are The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The Cretaceous (kriːˈteɪʃəs, usually abbreviated 'K' for its German translation "Kreide" is a geologic period and system, reaching from the end of Most species of trees today are flowering plants (Angiosperms) and conifers. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group The listing below gives examples of many well-known trees and how they are typically classified.

A small group of trees growing together is called a grove or copse, and a landscape covered by a dense growth of trees is called a forest. See Grove for other meanings (disambiguation of the word 'grove' A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Several biotopes are defined largely by the trees that inhabit them; examples are rainforest and taiga (see ecozones). Biotope is an area of uniform environmental conditions providing a living place for a specific assemblage of plants and animals. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches Taiga (ˈtaɪgə from Turkic or Mongolian) is a Biome characterized by Coniferous forests An ecozone or biogeographic realm is the largest scale biogeographic division of the earth's surface based on the historic and evolutionary distribution patterns A landscape of trees scattered or spaced across grassland (usually grazed or burned over periodically) is called a savanna. A savanna or savannah is a Tropical or Subtropical Grassland or Woodland Ecosystem. A forest of great age is called old growth forest or ancient woodland (in the UK). Ancient Woodland Old growth forest, (also termed primary forest, ancient forest, virgin forest, primeval forest, frontier ‘ Ancient Woodland ’ is a term used in the United Kingdom to refer specifically to Woodland dating back to 1600 or before in England and Wales A young tree is called a sapling.

Morphology

Leaves are an important feature of trees. These are Beech leaves. For the babyfood see Beech-Nut. Beech ( Fagus) is a genus of ten Species of Deciduous Trees in the

Tree roots anchor the structure and provide water and nutrients. ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment The ground has eroded away around the roots of this young pine tree. Erosion is the carrying away or displacement of solids ( Sediment, Soil, rock and other particles usually by the agents of currents such as wind This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation.

The basic parts of a tree are the roots, trunk(s), branches, twigs and leaves. ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. In Botany, trunk (or bole) refers to the main structural member of a Tree that supports the Branches and is supported by and directly attached A branch ( American English ˈbræntʃ British English ˈbrɑːntʃ or tree branch (sometimes referred to in Botany as a ramus A twig is a small terminal Branch section that may bear leaves, Buds and sometimes the Flowers and Fruit of Plants Only In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. Tree stems consist mainly of support and transport tissues (xylem and phloem). In Vascular plants xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue Phloem being the other In Vascular plants phloem is the living tissue that carries organic Nutrients (known as photosynthate particularly Sucrose, a sugar to Wood consists of xylem cells, and bark is made of phloem and other tissues external to the vascular cambium. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs Bark, also known as periderm is the outermost layer of stems and Roots of Woody plants such as Trees It overlays the Wood and consists Trees may be broadly grouped into exogenous and endogenous trees according to the way in which their stem diameter increases. A stem is one of two main structural axes of a Vascular plant. Exogenous trees, which comprise the great majority of trees (all conifers, and almost all broadleaf trees), grow by the addition of new wood outwards, immediately under the bark. Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There Endogenous trees, mainly in the monocotyledons (e. Monocotyledons or monocots are one of two major groups of Flowering plants (angiosperms that are traditionally recognised the other being Dicotyledons g. , palms and dragon trees), but also cacti, grow by addition of new material inwards. Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Dracaena (romanized form of the Ancient Greek δράκαινα - drakaina "female dragon" is a genus of about 40 species of A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas

As an exogenous tree grows, it creates growth rings as new wood is laid down concentrically over the old wood. Dendrochronology (from Greek grc δένδρον dendron, "tree" grc χρόνος khronos, "time" and grc -λογία In species growing in areas with seasonal climate changes, wood growth produced at different times of the year may be visible as alternating light and dark, or soft and hard, rings of wood. ^[3] In temperate climates, and tropical climates with a single wet-dry season alternation, the growth rings are annual, each pair of light and dark rings being one year of growth; these are known as annual rings. In areas with two wet and dry seasons each year, there may be two pairs of light and dark rings each year; and in some (mainly semi-desert regions with irregular rainfall), there may be a new growth ring with each rainfall. ^[6] In tropical rainforest regions with constant year-round climate, growth is continuous and the growth rings are not visible with no change in the wood texture. Rainforests are Forests characterized by high Rainfall with definitions setting minimum normal annual rainfall between 1750–2000 mm (68-78 inches In species with annual rings, these rings can be counted to determine the age of the tree, and used to date cores or even wood taken from trees in the past, a practice is known as the science of dendrochronology. Dendrochronology (from Greek grc δένδρον dendron, "tree" grc χρόνος khronos, "time" and grc -λογία Very few tropical trees can be accurately aged in this manner. Age determination is also impossible in endogenous trees.

The roots of a tree are generally embedded in earth, providing anchorage for the above-ground biomass and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil. ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. Biomass, in Ecology, is the mass of living biological organisms in a given area or Ecosystem at a given time Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. A nutrient is food or chemicals that an organism needs to live and grow or a substance used in an organism's metabolism which must be taken in from its environment Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel It should be noted, however, that while ground nutrients are essential to a tree's growth the majority of its biomass comes from carbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere (see photosynthesis). Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy. Above ground, the trunk gives height to the leaf-bearing branches, aiding in competition with other plant species for sunlight. Sunlight, in the broad sense is the total spectrum of the Electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun. In many trees, the arrangement of the branches optimizes exposure of the leaves to sunlight.

Not all trees have all the plant organs or parts mentioned above. For example, most palm trees are not branched, the saguaro cactus of North America has no functional leaves, tree ferns do not produce bark, etc. The Saguaro, pronounced "sah-wah-roh" ( Carnegiea gigantea) is a large tree-sized Cactus Species in the Monotypic genus The order Cyatheales is a Taxonomic division of the Fern subclass Cyatheatae, which includes the tree ferns. Based on their general shape and size, all of these are nonetheless generally regarded as trees. Sometimes size is the most important consideration. A plant form that is similar to a tree, but generally having smaller, multiple trunks and/or branches that arise near the ground, is called a shrub. A shrub or Bush is a horticultural rather than strictly botanical category of Woody plant, distinguished from a Tree However, no precise differentiation between shrubs and trees is possible. Given their small size, bonsai plants would not technically be 'trees', but one should not confuse reference to the form of a species with the size or shape of individual specimens. Bonsai (盆栽 literally "potted plant" is the art of Aesthetic miniaturization of Trees by growing them in containers A spruce seedling does not fit the definition of a tree, but all spruces are trees.

Record breaking trees

The world's champion trees can be considered on several factors; height, trunk diameter or girth, total size, and age. It is significant that in each case, the top position is always held by a conifer, though a different species in each case; in most measures, the second to fourth places are also held by conifers.

Tallest trees

The heights of the tallest trees in the world have been the subject of considerable dispute and much (often wild) exaggeration. Modern verified measurement with laser rangefinders combined with tape drop measurements made by tree climbers, carried out by the U.S. Eastern Native Tree Society has shown that most older measuring methods and measurements are unreliable, often producing exaggerations of 5% to 15% above the real height. A laser is a device that emits Light ( Electromagnetic radiation) through a process called Stimulated emission. Historical claims of trees of 117 m (384 ft), 130 m (427 ft), and even 150 m (492 ft), are now largely disregarded as unreliable, fantasy or outright fraud (however, see "Tallest specimens" chapter in Eucalyptus regnans article). Eucalyptus regnans, known variously by the common names Mountain Ash, Victorian Ash, Swamp Gum, Tasmanian Oak or Stringy The following are now accepted as the top five tallest reliably measured species:

1. Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens: 115. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly 55 m (379. 1 ft), Redwood National Park, California, United States^[7]
2. Coast Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga menziesii: 99. The "Redwood National and State Parks" (RNSP are located in the United States along the coast of northern California. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Coast Douglas-fir ( Pseudotsuga menziesii var menziesii) a variety of Douglas-fir, is an Evergreen Conifer native 4 m (326. 1 ft), Brummit Creek, Coos County, Oregon, United States^[8]
3. Australian Mountain-ash Eucalyptus regnans: 97. Coos County is a county located in the US state of Oregon. In 2000 its population was 62779 Oregon ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Eucalyptus regnans, known variously by the common names Mountain Ash, Victorian Ash, Swamp Gum, Tasmanian Oak or Stringy 0 m (318. 2 ft), Styx Valley, Tasmania, Australia^[9]
4. Sitka Spruce Picea sitchensis: 96. Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Sitka Spruce ( Picea sitchensis) is a large Coniferous Evergreen Tree growing to 50-70 m tall exceptionally to 100 m tall and 7 m (317. 3 ft), Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States^[10]
5. Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum: 94. Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park is a State park, located in Humboldt County California, near the town of Orick and 50 miles (80 km north of Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron 9 m (311. 4 ft), Redwood Mountain Grove, Kings Canyon National Park, California, United States^[11]

A view of a tree from below; this may exaggerate apparent height

Stoutest trees

The girth (circumference) of a tree is much easier to measure than the height, as it is a simple matter of stretching a tape round the trunk, and pulling it taut to find the circumference. Redwood Mountain Grove is the largest grove of Giant Sequoias on earth This article is about Kings Canyon National Park USA For Kings Canyon Australia see Kings Canyon (Northern Territory. The circumference is the distance around a closed Curve. Circumference is a kind of Perimeter. Despite this, UK tree author Alan Mitchell made the following comment about measurements of yew trees in a handbook "Conifers in the British Isles":

"The aberrations of past measurements of yews are beyond belief. Alan F Mitchell (4 November 1922 – 3 August 1995 was a British forester, dendrologist and Botanist, and author of several books on Trees Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest For example, the tree at Tisbury has a well-defined, clean, if irregular bole at least 1. 5 m long. It has been found to have a girth which has dilated and shrunk in the following way: 11. 28 m (1834 Loudon), 9. 3 m (1892 Lowe), 10. 67 m (1903 Elwes and Henry), 9. 0 m (1924 E. Swanton), 9. 45 m (1959 Mitchell) . . . . Earlier measurements have therefore been omitted. "^[12]

As a general standard, tree girth is taken at 'breast height'; this is defined differently in different situations, with most forestry measurements taking girth at 1. Forestry is the Art and Science of managing forests tree Plantations and related Natural resources. 3 m above ground,^[13] while those who measure ornamental trees usually measure at 1. Ornamental plants are typically grown in the flower Garden or as House plants Most commonly they are grown for the display of their Flowers Other common 5 m above ground;^[3] in most cases this makes little difference to the measured girth. On sloping ground, the "above ground" reference point is usually taken as the highest point on the ground touching the trunk,^[3][13] but some use the average between the highest and lowest points of ground. Some of the inflated old measurements may have been taken at ground level. Some past exaggerated measurements also result from measuring the complete next-to-bark measurement, pushing the tape in and out over every crevice and buttress. ^[12]

Modern trends are to cite the tree's diameter rather than the circumference; this is obtained by dividing the measured circumference by π; it assumes the trunk is circular in cross-section (an oval or irregular cross-section would result in a mean diameter slightly greater than the assumed circle). Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the IMPORTANT NOTICE Please note that Wikipedia is not a database to store the millions of digits of π please refrain from adding those to Wikipedia as it could cause technical problems This is cited as dbh (diameter at breast height) in tree and forestry literature. Diameter at breast height, or DBH, is a standard method of expressing the Diameter of the trunk of a Tree. ^[3][13]

A further problem with measuring baobabs Adansonia is that these trees store large amounts of water in the very soft wood in their trunks. Baobab is the common name of a Genus ( Adansonia) containing eight species of Trees native to Madagascar (having six species mainland Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. This leads to marked variation in their girth over the year, swelling to a maximum at the end of the rainy season, minimum at the end of the dry season. Although baobabs have some of the highest girth measurements of any trees, no accurate measurements are currently available, but probably do not exceed 10-11 m (33–36 ft) diameter.

The stoutest living single-trunk species in diameter, excluding baobabs, are:

1. Montezuma Cypress Taxodium mucronatum: 11. Taxodium mucronatum, also known as Montezuma Cypress, Sabino, Ahuehuete (name derived from the Nahuatl language) is a species 62 m (38. 1 ft), Árbol del Tule, Santa Maria del Tule, Oaxaca, Mexico. El Árbol del Tule ( Spanish for "the Tule Tree" is a tree located in the church grounds in the town center of Santa María del Tule in the Mexican ^[14] Note though that this diameter includes buttressing; the actual idealised diameter of the area of its wood is 9. 38 m (30. 8 ft). ^[14]
2. Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum: 8. Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron 85 m (29 ft), General Grant tree, Grant Grove, California, United States^[15]
3. Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens: 7. The General Grant tree is the largest Giant Sequoia in the Grant Grove section of Kings Canyon National Park. Grant Grove is a sequoia grove located in Kings Canyon National Park in the Sierra Nevada in eastern California. Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly 44 m (24. 4 ft), Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park, California, United States.
   

Charles Darwin reported finding Fitzroya cupressoides with trunk circumferences of up to 40 m (130 ft)^[16] implying a diameter of about 12 m (40 ft), but this may be an anomaly as the largest known measurements are about 5 m. Charles Robert Darwin (February 12 1809 &ndash April 19 1882 was an English naturalist, who realised and demonstrated that all Species of life Fitzroya is a Genus in the cypress family Cupressaceae with a single Species, Fitzroya cupressoides native to the ^[17]

An addition problem lies in cases where multiple trunks (whether from an individual tree or multiple trees) grow together. The Sacred Fig is a notable example of this, forming additional 'trunks' by growing adventitious roots down from the branches, which then thicken up when the root reaches the ground to form new trunks; a single Sacred Fig tree can have hundreds of such trunks. The Sacred Fig ( Ficus religiosa) or Bo-Tree (from the Sinhala bo) is a Species of Banyan Fig ^[1]

Occasionally, errors may occur due to confusion between girth (circumference) and diameter. The circumference is the distance around a closed Curve. Circumference is a kind of Perimeter. Geometry, a diameter of a Circle is any straight Line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose Endpoints are on the ^[18]

Largest trees

The largest trees in total volume are those which are both tall and of large diameter, and in particular, which hold a large diameter high up the trunk. The volume of any solid plasma vacuum or theoretical object is how much three- Dimensional space it occupies often quantified numerically Measurement is very complex, particularly if branch volume is to be included as well as the trunk volume, so measurements have only been made for a small number of trees, and generally only for the trunk. No attempt has ever been made to include root volume. ROOT is an object-oriented program and library developed by CERN. Measuring standards vary (for example, Del Norte Titan below, is listed as the largest coastal redwood, but the Lost Monarch in Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park is even larger at over 42,000 cubic feet). Lost Monarch is the name of a redwood tree in Northern California that has been confirmed by measuring to be at least in diameter at DBH (diameter breast height Jedediah Smith Redwoods Park, established in 1929 was named after the noted fur trapper Jedediah Smith, who visited its location during an 1826 expedition

The top four species measured^[19] so far are:

1. Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum: 1,489 m³ (55,040 cu ft), General Sherman^[19]
2. Coast Redwood Sequoia sempervirens: 1,045 m³ (36,890 cu ft), Del Norte Titan tree^[19]
3. Western Redcedar Thuja plicata: 500 m³ (17,650 cu ft ), Quinault Lake Redcedar^[19]
4. Kauri Agathis australis: circa 400 m³ (15,000 cu ft), Tane Mahuta tree^[19] (total volume, including branches, 516. Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron General Sherman is the name of a Giant Sequoia. It is one of the tallest Giant Sequoia Trees in the world with a height of about 275 feet (84 Sequoia sempervirens is the sole living Species of the Genus Sequoia in the cypress family Cupressaceae (formerly Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family Agathis australis, commonly known as the kauri, is a coniferous Tree found north of 38°S in the northern districts of New Zealand Tāne Mahuta is a giant kauri tree ( Agathis australis) in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. 7 m³/18,247 cu ft)^[19]

However, the Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides, as yet un-measured, may well slot in at third or fourth place, and Montezuma Cypress Taxodium mucronatum and other giants are also likely to be high in the list. Fitzroya is a Genus in the cypress family Cupressaceae with a single Species, Fitzroya cupressoides native to the Taxodium mucronatum, also known as Montezuma Cypress, Sabino, Ahuehuete (name derived from the Nahuatl language) is a species The largest angiosperm tree is a Australian Mountain-ash (Eucalyptus regnans) in Tasmania, known as the 'Two Towers' tree, with a volume of 430 m³ (15,185 cu ft). The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Eucalyptus regnans, known variously by the common names Mountain Ash, Victorian Ash, Swamp Gum, Tasmanian Oak or Stringy Tasmania is an Australian island and state of the same name It is located south of the eastern side of the Continent, being separated from it by Bass ^[20]

Oldest trees

The oldest trees are determined by growth rings, which can be seen if the tree is cut down or in cores taken from the edge to the center of the tree. This is a list of the oldest living organisms. This is usually defined as having a longer Lifespan than other organisms of similar Species (such Dendrochronology (from Greek grc δένδρον dendron, "tree" grc χρόνος khronos, "time" and grc -λογία Accurate determination is only possible for trees which produce growth rings, generally those which occur in seasonal climates; trees in uniform non-seasonal tropical climates grow continuously and do not have distinct growth rings. It is also only possible for trees which are solid to the center of the tree; many very old trees become hollow as the dead heartwood decays away. Wood is hard fibrous lignified structural tissue produced as secondary Xylem in the stems of Woody plants notably trees but also shrubs For some of these species, age estimates have been made on the basis of extrapolating current growth rates, but the results are usually little better than guesswork or wild speculation. White (1998)^[21] proposes a method of estimating the age of large and veteran trees in the United Kingdom through the correlation between a tree's stem diameter, growth character and age. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located

The verified oldest measured ages are:

1. Norway Spruce Picea abies: 9,550 years^[22]
2. Great Basin Bristlecone Pine (Methuselah) Pinus longaeva: 4,844 years^[23]
3. Alerce Fitzroya cupressoides: 3,622 years^[23]
4. Giant Sequoia Sequoiadendron giganteum: 3,266 years^[23]
5. Huon-pine Lagarostrobos franklinii: 2,500 years^[23]
6. Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine Pinus aristata: 2,435 years^[23]

Other species suspected of reaching exceptional age include European Yew Taxus baccata (probably over 2,000 years^[24][25]) and Western Redcedar Thuja plicata. Norway Spruce ( Picea abies) is a species of Spruce native to Europe. The Great Basin Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus longaeva) is one of the Bristlecone pines a group of three species of Pine found in the higher Mountains Methuselah (estimated germination 2832 BC) is a Great Basin Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus longaeva) in the White Mountains of California, Fitzroya is a Genus in the cypress family Cupressaceae with a single Species, Fitzroya cupressoides native to the Sequoiadendron giganteum ( Giant Sequoia, Sierra Redwood, or Wellingtonia) is the sole species in the genus Sequoiadendron The species Lagarostrobos franklinii is a species of conifer native to the wet southwestern corner of Tasmania, Australia; it is the sole Rocky Mountains Bristlecone Pine ( Pinus aristata) is a Pine in the Bristlecone pine group native to the United States, where it occurs Taxus baccata is a conifer native to western central and southern Europe, northwest Africa, northern Iran and southwest Western redcedar ( Thuja plicata) is a species of Thuja, an Evergreen coniferous Tree in the cypress family

The oldest reported age for an angiosperm tree is 2293 years for the Sri Maha Bodhi Sacred Fig (Ficus religiosa) planted in 288 BC at Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; this is also the oldest human-planted tree with a known planting date. History The tree is said to be the southern branch of the Jaya Siri Maha Bodhi at Bodh Gaya in India under which Buddha attained Enlightenment The Sacred Fig ( Ficus religiosa) or Bo-Tree (from the Sinhala bo) is a Species of Banyan Fig Events By place Greece The Macedonian King Demetrius Poliorcetes, faces a combined attack from Lysimachus and Anuradhapura, (අනුරාධපුර in Sinhala, அனுராதபுரம் in Tamil) is one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, famous Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ( Sinhalese:, இலங்கை known as Ceylon before 1972 is an Island

Trees in culture

Main article: Tree (mythology)

The tree has been and still is a popular cultural symbol in most of the world. Trees have played an important role in many of the world's mythologies and Religions and have been given deep and sacred meanings throughout the ages Common icons are the World tree, for instance Yggdrasil, and the tree of life. The World Tree is a Motif present in several religions and mythologies particularly Indo-European religions The world tree is represented as a colossal In Norse mythology, Yggdrasil ( Old Norse Yggdrasill, ˈyɡˌdrasilː the extra -l is a Nominative case marker is the World A tree of life is a mystical concept a Metaphor for common descent or a Motif in various world theologies and philosophies. The tree often represents nature or the environment itself.

Major tree genera

Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta; angiosperms)

Dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida; broadleaf or hardwood trees)

• Adoxaceae (Moschatel family)
  • Moschatel, Adoxa moschatellina
  • Elderberry, Sambucus species
  • Sinadoxa, Sinadoxa corydalifolia
  • Viburnum, Viburnum species
• Altingiaceae (Sweetgum family)
  • Sweetgum, Liquidambar species
• Anacardiaceae (Cashew family)
  • Cashew, Anacardium occidentale
  • Mango, Mangifera indica
    

    Eucalyptus niphophila in Namadgi National Park
  • Pistachio, Pistacia vera
  • Sumac, Rhus species
  • Lacquer tree, Toxicodendron verniciflua
• Annonaceae (Custard apple family)
  • Cherimoya Annona cherimola
  • Custard apple Annona reticulata
  • Pawpaw Asimina triloba
  • Soursop Annona muricata
• Apocynaceae (Dogbane family)
  • Pachypodium Pachypodium species
• Aquifoliaceae (Holly family)
  • Holly, Ilex species
• Araliaceae (Ivy family)
  • Kalopanax, Kalopanax pictus
    

    Birch tree (foreground) and maple tree (background) in fall. The Adoxaceae is a small family of Flowering plants in the order Dipsacales, as now constituted comprising four genera and about 150-200 species Adoxa moschatellina ( Moschatel, Five-faced Bishop, Hollowroot, Muskroot, Townhall Clock, Tuberous Crowfoot Sambucus ( Elder or Elderberry) is a genus of between 5 and 30 species of Shrubs or small Trees (two species Herbaceous) UserPolbot. --> Sinadoxa corydalifolia is the only species of Plant in genus Sinadoxa, in Viburnum ( Viburnum) is a Genus of about 150-175 species of Shrubs or (in a few species small Trees that were previously included The Altingiaceae is a small family of Flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, including only three genera and about 18 species all Trees In older Sweetgum ( Liquidambar) is a genus of four species of Flowering plants in the family Altingiaceae, though formerly often treated in the Hamamelidaceae Sweetgum ( Liquidambar) is a genus of four species of Flowering plants in the family Altingiaceae, though formerly often treated in the Hamamelidaceae Anacardiaceae (the cashew family) is a family of Flowering plants bearing Fruits that are Drupes and in some cases producing The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A The cashew ( Anacardium occidentale; Syn Anacardium curatellifolium A Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae Namadgi National Park is located in the southwestern part of the Australian Capital Territory, bordering Kosciuszko National Park in New South Wales. The pistachio ( Pistacia vera L Anacardiaceae or sometimes Pistaciaceae) is a small Tree native to mountainous regions of Sumac (ˈʃuːmæk or /ˈs(juːmæk/ also spelled sumach) is any one of approximately 250 species of Flowering plants in the Genus Rhus Toxicodendron is a genus of woody Trees Shrubs and Vines in the Anacardiaceae or Sumac Family including poison ivy poison oak Annonaceae family also called custard apple family is a family of Flowering plants consisting of Trees Shrubs or rarely woody Lianas The cherimoya ( Annona cherimola) is a species of Annona This page refers to the US pawpaw in the genus Asimina. In some other parts of the world the name pawpaw is applied to the unrelated tropical fruit Papaya The soursop ( Spanish guanábana, Portuguese graviola) Annona muricata; Syn Pachypodium is a Genus of succulent spine-bearing trees and shrubs native to Africa Holly ( Ilex) is a Genus of about 600 Species of Flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only Holly ( Ilex) is a Genus of about 600 Species of Flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only Holly ( Ilex) is a Genus of about 600 Species of Flowering plants in the family Aquifoliaceae, and the only Araliaceae is a family of Flowering plants also known as the Aralia family (after its Type genus Aralia) or Ivy Hedera (English name ivy, plural ivies) is a genus of 15 species of climbing or ground-creeping Evergreen woody plants in the family Kalopanax septemlobus, common name Kalopanax or Prickly Castor-oil Tree, is a Deciduous Tree in the family Araliaceae Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or
• Betulaceae (Birch family)
  • Alder, Alnus species
  • Birch, Betula species
  • Hornbeam, Carpinus species
  • Hazel, Corylus species
• Bignoniaceae (family)
  • Catalpa, Catalpa species
• Cactaceae (Cactus family)
  • Saguaro, Carnegiea gigantea
• Cannabaceae (Cannabis family)
  • Hackberry, Celtis species
• Cornaceae (Dogwood family)
  • Dogwood, Cornus species
• Dipterocarpaceae family
  • Garjan Dipterocarpus species
  • Sal Shorea species
• Ebenaceae (Persimmon family)
  • Persimmon, Diospyros species
• Ericaceae (Heath family)
  • Arbutus, Arbutus species
• Eucommiaceae (Eucommia family)
  • Eucommia Eucommia ulmoides
• Fabaceae (Pea family)
  • Acacia, Acacia species
  • Honey locust, Gleditsia triacanthos
  • Black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia
  • Laburnum, Laburnum species
  • Pau Brasil, Brazilwood, Caesalpinia echinata
• Fagaceae (Beech family )
  • Chestnut, Castanea species
  • Beech, Fagus species
  • Southern beech, Nothofagus species
  • Tanoak, Lithocarpus densiflorus
  • Oak, Quercus species
• Fouquieriaceae (Boojum family)
  • Boojum, Fouquieria columnaris
• Hamamelidaceae (Witch-hazel family)
  • Persian Ironwood, Parrotia persica
• Juglandaceae (Walnut family)
  • Walnut, Juglans species
  • Hickory, Carya species
  • Wingnut, Pterocarya species
• Lauraceae (Laurel family)
  • Cinnamon Cinnamomum zeylanicum
  • Bay Laurel Laurus nobilis
  • Avocado Persea americana
• Lecythidaceae (Paradise nut family)
  • Brazil Nut Bertholletia excelsa
• Lythraceae Loosestrife family
  • Crape-myrtle Lagerstroemia species
• Magnoliaceae (Magnolia family)
  • Tulip tree, Liriodendron species
  • Magnolia, Magnolia species
• Malvaceae (Mallow family; including Tiliaceae, Sterculiaceae and Bombacaceae)
  

  Baobab tree in South-Africa. Betulaceae, or the Birch Family, includes six genera of Deciduous nut -bearing Trees and Shrubs including the Birches Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Alder is the common name of a Genus of Flowering plants ( Alnus) belonging to the Birch family (Family Betulaceae) Birch is the name of any Tree of the genus Betula ( Bé-tu-la) in the family Betulaceae, closely related to the Plants in the genus Carpinus ( Cár-pi-nus) are commonly called Hornbeams. The hazels ( Corylus) are a genus of Deciduous Trees and large Shrubs native to the temperate northern hemisphere The Bignoniaceae, or Trumpet Creeper Family, is a family of Flowering plants comprising of about 650-750 species in 116-120 genera. For the historical incident involving a ship of this name see Catalpa rescue. A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas A cactus (plural cacti) is any member of the Spine plant family Cactaceae, native to the Americas The Saguaro, pronounced "sah-wah-roh" ( Carnegiea gigantea) is a large tree-sized Cactus Species in the Monotypic genus Cannabaceae is a small family of Flowering plants According to the Royal Botanical Gardens database there are 170 species grouped in nine to fifteen Cannabis ( Cán-na-bis) is a Genus of Flowering plants that includes three putative species Cannabis sativa subsp For the German Renaissance scholar see Conrad Celtes. For the town see Celtis Missouri. The Dogwood family ( Cornaceae) is a widespread family mostly in the north temperate zone in the order Cornales. The Dogwoods comprise a group of 30-50 species of mostly Deciduous Woody plants growing as Shrubs and Trees some species are herbaceous perennial The Dogwoods comprise a group of 30-50 species of mostly Deciduous Woody plants growing as Shrubs and Trees some species are herbaceous perennial Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 17 genera and approximately 500 species of mainly Tropical lowland Rainforest Trees The family name from Dipterocarpus is a genus of Flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. The Ebenaceae are a family of Flowering plants which includes Ebony and Persimmon. This article refers to the edible fruit For the British construction company see Persimmon plc; for the racehorse see Persimmon (horse. Diospyros is a Genus (including what used to be Maba) of about 450-500 species of Deciduous and Evergreen Trees The The Plant family Ericaceae (also called the heath family or ericaceous plants) are mostly lime -hating ( Calcifuge) Arbutus is a Genus of at least 14 species of Flowering plants in the family Ericaceae, native to warm temperate regions of the Mediterranean Eucommia ( Eucommia ulmoides) is a small Tree native to China. Eucommia ( Eucommia ulmoides) is a small Tree native to China. Eucommia ( Eucommia ulmoides) is a small Tree native to China. Fabaceae or Leguminosae is a large and economically important family of Flowering plants which is commonly known as the legume family, pea A pea (inaccurately called a '''sweet pea''' by food distubutors is most commonly the small spherical Seed or the seed-pod of the Legume Pisum Acacia is a Genus of Shrubs and Trees belonging to the Subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae, first The Honey locust ( Gleditsia triacanthos) is a Deciduous Tree native to eastern North America and can also be found in central and southern Black Locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia) is a Tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. "Indian laburnum" is the Golden Shower Tree, a distant relative of the genus Laburnum Brazilwood or Pau-Brasil, sometimes known as Pernambuco ( Caesalpinia echinata Syn The family Fagaceae, or beech family, comprises about 900 species of both Evergreen and Deciduous trees and shrubs which are characterized by alternate For the babyfood see Beech-Nut. Beech ( Fagus) is a genus of ten Species of Deciduous Trees in the Chestnut ( Castanea) (including some chinkapin or Chinquapin) is a Genus of eight or nine Species of Deciduous For the babyfood see Beech-Nut. Beech ( Fagus) is a genus of ten Species of Deciduous Trees in the Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of about 35 Species of Trees and shrubs native to the temperate oceanic Lithocarpus densiflorus, commonly known as the Tanoak or Tanbark-oak, is an Evergreen Tree in the beech family Fagaceae The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of about 400 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Genus Quercus (from Latin Fouquieria is a Genus of 11 Species of Desert Plants the sole genus in the family Fouquieriaceae. The boojum or (Spanish cirio ( Fouquieria columnaris, syn Idria columnaris) is a bizarre-looking Tree in the family Fouquieriaceae The boojum or (Spanish cirio ( Fouquieria columnaris, syn Idria columnaris) is a bizarre-looking Tree in the family Fouquieriaceae The Hamamelidaceae is a family of Flowering plants in the order Saxifragales, including 27 genera and about 80-90 species all Shrubs and small Witch-hazel ( Hamamelis) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Hamamelidaceae, with two species in North America Parrotia persica ( Persian Ironwood) is a Deciduous Tree in the family Hamamelidaceae, the sole species in the genus The Juglandaceae, also known as the Walnut Family is a family of Trees or sometimes shrubs in the order Fagales Walnuts (genus Juglans) are Plants in the family Juglandaceae. Walnuts (genus Juglans) are Plants in the family Juglandaceae. Trees in the genus Carya (from Ancient Greek κάρυον " Nut " are commonly known as Hickory. The wingnuts are Plants in the genus Pterocarya (from Ancient Greek pteron, "wing" + karyon, " Nut " The Lauraceae or Laurel family comprises a group of Flowering plants included in the order Laurales. The Bay Laurel ( Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae) also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum, synonym C zeylanicum) is a small Evergreen Tree 10–15 metres (32 The Bay Laurel ( Laurus nobilis, Lauraceae) also known as True Laurel, Sweet Bay, Grecian Laurel, Laurel, or The avocado ( Persea americana) (from Nahuatl āhuacatl) also known as aguacate ( Spanish) butter pear or The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of Woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar The Lecythidaceae comprise a family of about 20 genera and 250-300 species of Woody plants native to tropical South America and Madagascar The Brazil nut ( Bertholletia excelsa) is a South American Tree in the family Lecythidaceae, and also the name of the tree's commercially Lythraceae is a family of Flowering plants It includes 500-600 Species of mostly Herbs with some Shrubs and Trees in Lagerstroemia (properly Crape-myrtle, sometimes spelled Crepe-myrtle) is a Genus of around 50 species of Deciduous and Evergreen The Magnoliaceae is a family in the flowering plant Order Magnoliales. Magnolia is a large Genus of about 210 Flowering plant Species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family "Tulip tree" redirects here For the African tulip tree see Spathodea campanulata. Magnolia is a large Genus of about 210 Flowering plant Species in the subclass Magnolioideae of the family Malvaceae, or the mallow family, is a family of Flowering plants containing over 200 genera with close to 2300 species Tiliaceae is a Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. Sterculiaceae is a Botanical name for a group of Flowering plants at the rank of family which is now widely considered obsolete The name Bombacaceae is a Botanical name at the rank of family which is now widely considered obsolete
  • Baobab, Adansonia species
  • Silk-cotton tree, Bombax species
  • Bottletrees, Brachychiton species
  • Kapok, Ceiba pentandra
  • Durian, Durio zibethinus
  • Balsa, Ochroma lagopus
  • Cacao (cocoa), Theobroma cacao
  • Linden (Basswood, Lime), Tilia species
• Meliaceae (Mahogany family)
  • Neem, Azadirachta indica
  • Bead tree, Melia azedarach
  • Mahogany, Swietenia mahagoni
• Moraceae (Mulberry family)
  

  Eucalyptus bridgesiana on Red Hill, Australian Capital Territory. Baobab is the common name of a Genus ( Adansonia) containing eight species of Trees native to Madagascar (having six species mainland Bombax is a genus of primarily tropical trees in the mallow family. Brachychiton ( Kurrajong, Bottletree) is a Genus of 31 Species of Trees and large Shrubs native to For the children's book see The Great Kapok Tree. Kapok ( Ceiba pentandra) is a tropical Tree of the order The durian ( is the Fruit of trees from the Genus Durio belonging to the CACAO is a research Java Virtual Machine developed at Vienna University of Technology. Cocoa is the dried and fully fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which Chocolate is made Tilia is a Genus of about 30 species of Trees native throughout most of the temperate Northern Hemisphere, in Asia (where the greatest The Meliaceae, or the Mahogany family, is a Flowering plant family of mostly Trees and Shrubs (and a few Herbaceous plants in The name mahogany is used when referring to numerous varieties of dark-colored wood originally the wood of the species Swietenia mahagoni, known as West Neem ( Azadirachta indica, syn Melia azadirachta L Antelaea azadirachta (L Commonly called Persian Lilac, White Cedar, Chinaberry or Bead Tree, Melia azedarach ( syn The name mahogany is used when referring to numerous varieties of dark-colored wood originally the wood of the species Swietenia mahagoni, known as West Moraceae is a family of Flowering plants commonly known as the mulberry or fig family Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which Red Hill ( postcode: 2603 is a suburb of Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
  • Fig, Ficus species
  • Mulberry, Morus species
• Myristicaceae (Nutmeg family)
  • Nutmeg, Mysristica fragrans
• Myrtaceae (Myrtle family)
  • Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus species
  • Myrtle, Myrtus species
  • Guava, Psidium guajava
• Nyssaceae (Tupelo family; sometimes included in Cornaceae)
  • Tupelo, Nyssa species
  • Dove tree, Davidia involucrata
• Oleaceae (Olive family)
  

  Nyssaceae: a Dove tree in flower
  • Olive, Olea europaea
  • Ash, Fraxinus species
• Paulowniaceae (Paulownia family)
  • Foxglove Tree, Paulownia species
• Platanaceae (Plane family)
  • Plane, Platanus species
• Rhizophoraceae (Mangrove family)
  • Red Mangrove, Rhizophora mangle
• Rosaceae (Rose family)
  • Rowans, Whitebeams, Service Trees Sorbus species
  • Hawthorn, Crataegus species
  • Pear, Pyrus species
  • Apple, Malus species
  • Almond, Prunus dulcis
  • Peach, Prunus persica
  • Apricot, Prunus armeniaca
  • Plum, Prunus domestica
  • Cherry, Prunus species
• Rubiaceae (Bedstraw family)
  • Coffee, Coffea species
• Rutaceae (Rue family)
  • Citrus, Citrus species
  • Cork-tree, Phellodendron species
  • Euodia, Tetradium species
• Salicaceae (Willow family)
  • Aspen, Populus species
  • Poplar, Populus species
  • Willow, Salix species

Yellow maple in fall. Ficus is a Genus of about 850 Species of woody Trees Shrubs Vines Epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes in the family Myristicaceae is the Botanical name for a family of Flowering plants. The nutmegs Myristica are a Genus of Evergreen Trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia The nutmegs Myristica are a Genus of Evergreen Trees indigenous to tropical southeast Asia and Australasia The Myrtaceae or Myrtle family are a family of Dicotyledon Plants placed within the order Myrtales. The Myrtle ( Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of Flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, native to southern Europe and north Eucalyptus (From Greek ευκάλυπτος meaning "well covered" is a diverse Genus of Trees (and a few shrubs the members of which The Myrtle ( Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of Flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, native to southern Europe and north Guava is a Genus of about 100 Species of Tropical Shrubs and small Trees in the myrtle family Myrtaceae. The Nyssaceae is a small family of Flowering plants related to and often included within the Dogwood family ( Cornaceae) The tupelos, or pepperidge tree, genus Nyssa, are a small Genus of about 9 to 11 species of Trees with alternate simple leaves The Dogwood family ( Cornaceae) is a widespread family mostly in the north temperate zone in the order Cornales. The tupelos, or pepperidge tree, genus Nyssa, are a small Genus of about 9 to 11 species of Trees with alternate simple leaves Davidia redirects here For the Prehistoric Mollusk Genus, see Davidia (mollusk. The Oleaceae, or olive family, is a Plant family containing 24 extant genera and around 600 Species of Mesophytic The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern The Nyssaceae is a small family of Flowering plants related to and often included within the Dogwood family ( Cornaceae) Davidia redirects here For the Prehistoric Mollusk Genus, see Davidia (mollusk. The Olive ( Olea europaea) is a Species of small Tree in the family Oleaceae, native to the coastal areas of the eastern An ash can be any of four different tree genera from four very distinct families; most commonly in a combined form (e Paulownia is a genus of between 6–17 species (depending on taxonomic authority of Plants in the monogeneric family Paulowniaceae, related to and Paulownia is a genus of between 6–17 species (depending on taxonomic authority of Plants in the monogeneric family Paulowniaceae, related to and Paulownia is a genus of between 6–17 species (depending on taxonomic authority of Plants in the monogeneric family Paulowniaceae, related to and Platanaceae is a family of Flowering plants. It has been recognized by almost all taxonomists and is sometimes called the "plane-tree family" Platanus is a small genus of Trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. Platanus is a small genus of Trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. Rhizophoraceae is a family constituted by Tropical or Subtropical Flowering plants Among the better known members are Mangrove Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics. The Rosaceae or Rose family is a large family of Plants with about 3000-4000 species in 100-160 genera A rose is a perennial flowering Shrub or vine of the Genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species The rowans or mountain-ashes are Plants in the family Rosaceae, in the Genus Sorbus, subgenus Sorbus The whitebeams are members of the Rosaceae family in genus Sorbus subgenus Aria. The genus Sorbus is a Genus of about 100–200 species of Trees and Shrubs in the Subfamily Maloideae of the Rose Hawthorn ( Crataegus) is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in A pear is a pomaceous Fruit produced by a tree of Genus Pyrus. Malus, the apples, is a genus of about 30–35 species of small Deciduous Trees or Shrubs in the family Rosaceae. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L The peach ( Prunus persica) is a species of Prunus native to China that bears an edible juicy fruit also called a peach The Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca, "Armenian plum" in Latin syn A plum or gage is a stone fruit Tree in the genus Prunus, subgenus Prunus. This article is about the Cherry berry also classified as fruit for the ornamental tree See Cherry Blossom. Rubiaceae is a family of Flowering plants variously called the Madder family, Bedstraw family or coffee Galium is a large Genus of annual and perennial Herbaceous plants in the family Rubiaceae, with about 400 Species This article discusses the coffee plant for information on the beverage see Coffee. Rutaceae, commonly known as the Rue or Citrus family is a family of Plants usually placed in the order Sapindales. Rue ( Ruta) is a genus of strongly scented Evergreen Subshrubs 20-60 cm tall in the family Rutaceae, native to the Mediterranean Citrus is a common term and Genus of Flowering plants in the family Rutaceae, originating in tropical and subtropical southeast regions of Phellodendron or Cork-tree, is a genus of Deciduous trees in the family Rutaceae, native to east and northeast Asia. Tetradium is a Genus of nine species of Trees in the family Rutaceae, occurring in temperate to tropical east Asia. Salicaceae is a family of Flowering plants Recent genetic studies by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG has greatly expanded the circumscription Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Aspens are Trees of the willow family and comprise a section of the Poplar genus Populus sect Populus is a genus of between 25–35 species of Flowering plants in the family Salicaceae, native to most of the Northern Hemisphere. Willows, sallows and osiers form the Genus Salix, around 400 species of Deciduous Trees and Shrubs found primarily Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or

• Sapindaceae (including Aceraceae, Hippocastanaceae) (Soapberry family)
  • Maple, Acer species
  • Buckeye, Horse-chestnut, Aesculus species
  • Mexican Buckeye, Ungnadia speciosa
  • Lychee, Litchi sinensis
  • Golden rain tree, Koelreuteria
• Sapotaceae (Sapodilla family)
  • Argan, Argania spinosa
  • Gutta-percha, Palaquium species
  • Tambalacoque, or "dodo tree", Sideroxylon grandiflorum, previously Calvaria major
• Simaroubaceae family
  • Tree of heaven, Ailanthus species
• Theaceae (Camellia family)
  • Gordonia, Gordonia species
  • Stewartia, Stewartia species
• Thymelaeaceae (Thymelaea family)
  • Ramin, Gonystylus species
• Ulmaceae (Elm family)
  • Elm, Ulmus species
  • Zelkova, Zelkova species
• Verbenaceae family
  • Teak, Tectona species

Monocotyledons (Liliopsida)

Coconut Palm, a monocotyledonous tree. Sapindaceae, also known as the soapberry family, is a family of Flowering plants in the order Sapindales. Aceraceae is a family of Flowering plants also called the Maple Family. For the South African Thoroughbred racehorse see Horse Chestnut (horse. Acer ( maple) is a Genus of Trees or Shrubs They are variously classified in a family of their own the Aceraceae, or For the South African Thoroughbred racehorse see Horse Chestnut (horse. The Mexican Buckeye Ungnadia speciosa is a Shrub or small Tree native to northeastern Mexico and adjacent western Texas and southern The Lychee ( Litchi chinensis) also spelled Litchi (the US FDA spelling or Laichi and Lichu, Chinese: 荔枝 Koelreuteria is a genus of three species in the family Sapindaceae, native to southern and eastern Asia. Sapotaceae is a family of Flowering plants belonging to order Ericales. Sapodilla ( Manilkara zapota) is a long-lived Evergreen Tree native to the New World tropics The Argan ( Argania spinosa, syn A sideroxylon Roem & Schult is a species of Tree endemic to the calcareous semi-desert Gutta-percha ( Palaquium) is a genus of tropical Trees native to Southeast Asia and northern Australasia, from Taiwan south to Tambalacoque ( Sideroxylon grandiflorum; formerly Calvaria major) also called the Dodo Tree, is a long-lived tree in the family Sapotaceae The Simaroubaceae is a small mostly tropical family in the order Sapindales. Ailanthus (derived from ailanto an Ambonese word probably meaning "tree of the gods" or "tree of heaven" is a genus of Trees belonging The Theaceae is a Family of Flowering plants composed of shrubs and trees Camellia ( ( Japanese: 椿 Tsubaki) is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, native to eastern and southern Gordonia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the family Theaceae, related to Franklinia, Camellia Stewartia as described by Philibert Commerçon is a synonym of Dombeya. Thymelaeaceae is a family of Flowering plants with about 700-750 species in 50 genera Thymelaea is a genus of about 30 Species of Evergreen Shrubs and Herbs in the Flowering plant family Thymelaeaceae Ulmaceae is a family of flowering plant that includes the Elms (genus Ulmus) and the Zelkovas (genus Zelkova) Elms are Deciduous and Semi-deciduous Trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae, found Elms are Deciduous and Semi-deciduous Trees comprising the genus Ulmus, family Ulmaceae, found Zelkova is a Genus of six species of Deciduous Trees in the elm family Ulmaceae, native to southern Europe, and southwest The verbena family or vervain vamily, Verbenaceae, is a family of mainly Tropical Plants They are Trees Shrubs Teak ( Tectona) is a genus of tropical Hardwood Trees in the family Verbenaceae, native to the south and southeast of Asia

• Agavaceae (Agave family)
  • Cabbage tree, Cordyline australis
  • Dragon tree, Dracaena draco
  • Joshua tree, Yucca brevifolia
• Arecaceae (Palmae) (Palm family)
  • Areca Nut, Areca catechu
  • Coconut Cocos nucifera
  • Date Palm, Phoenix dactylifera
  • Chusan Palm, Trachycarpus fortunei
• Poaceae (grass family)
  • Bamboos Poaceae subfamily Bambusoideae
• Note that banana 'trees' are not actually trees; they are not woody nor is the stalk perennial. Agavaceae is a family of Plants that includes many well-known Desert and dry zone types such as the Agave, Yucca, and Joshua Agave is a succulent Plant of a large Botanical Genus of the same name belonging to the family Agavaceae. For other plants with this name see Cabbage tree. The cabbage tree Cordyline australis, known as Tī rākau Dracaena (romanized form of the Ancient Greek δράκαινα - drakaina "female dragon" is a genus of about 40 species of The Joshua tree ( Yucca brevifolia) is a Monocotyledonous Tree native to southwestern North America, in the states of California The yuccas comprise the Genus Yucca of 40-50 species of perennials Shrubs and Trees in the Agave family Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Arecaceae or Palmae (also known by the name Palmaceae, which is taxonomically invalid or commonly palm tree) the palm family is a family of Flowering Areca is a Genus of about 50 species of single-stemmed palms in the family Arecaceae, found in humid Tropical forests The Coconut Palm ( Cocos nucifera) is a member of the Family Arecaceae (palm family The Date Palm ( Phoenix dactylifera) is a palm in the genus Phoenix, extensively cultivated for its edible Fruit. Trachycarpus fortunei ( Chusan Palm, Windmill Palm or Chinese Windmill Palm; syn Poaceae or Gramineae is a family in the Class Liliopsida of the flowering plants. Grass is the common word that generally describes Monocotyledonous green Plants The family Gramineae ( Poaceae) are the "true grasses" and include Bamboo is a group of Woody perennial Evergreen Plants in the True grass family Poaceae, subfamily For the fruit see Banana. For other meanings see Banana (disambiguation.

Conifers (Pinophyta; softwood trees)

• Araucariaceae (Araucaria family)
  • Araucaria, Araucaria species
  • Kauri, Agathis species
  • Wollemia, Wollemia nobilis
• Cupressaceae (Cypress family)
  • Cypress, Cupressus species
  • Cypress, Chamaecyparis species
  • Juniper, Juniperus species
  • Alerce or Patagonian cypress, Fitzroya cupressoides
  • Sugi, Cryptomeria japonica
  • Coast Redwood, Sequoia sempervirens
  • Giant Sequoia, Sequoiadendron giganteum
  • Dawn Redwood, Metasequoia glyptostroboides
  • Western Redcedar Thuja plicata
  • Bald Cypress, Taxodium species
• Pinaceae (Pine family)
  • White pine, Pinus species
  • Pinyon pine, Pinus species
  • Pine, Pinus species
  • Spruce, Picea species
  • Larch, Larix species
  • Douglas-fir, Pseudotsuga species
  • Fir, Abies species
  • Cedar, Cedrus species
• Podocarpaceae (Yellowwood family)
  • African Yellowwood, Afrocarpus falcatus
  • Totara, Podocarpus totara
  • Miro, Prumnopitys ferruginea
  • Kahikatea, Dacrycarpus dacrydioides
  • Rimu, Dacrydium cupressinum
• Sciadopityaceae,
  • Kusamaki, Sciadopitys species
• Taxaceae (Yew family)
  • Yew, Taxus species

Ginkgos (Ginkgophyta)

• Ginkgoaceae (Ginkgo family)
  • Ginkgo, Ginkgo biloba

Cycads (Cycadophyta)

• Cycadaceae (Cycad family)
  • Ngathu cycad, Cycas angulata
• Zamiaceae (Zamia family)
  • Wunu cycad, Lepidozamia hopei

Ferns (Pteridophyta)

• Cyatheaceae and Dicksoniaceae
  • Tree ferns, Cyathea, Alsophila, Dicksonia (not a monophyletic group)

Fossil trees

• Wattieza, the earliest known tree

See also

References

Bibliography

External links

• The Arbor Day Foundation
• International Society of Arboriculture
• Global Trees Campaign (campaigning to save the world's most threatened trees)