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The Treaty of St. Louis is one of many treaties signed between the United States and various Native American tribes. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States

Contents

1804 - Sauk and Fox

The Treaty of St. Louis of 1804 was treaty signed by William Henry Harrison for the United States and representatives of the Sac and Fox tribes, signed on November 3, 1804 and proclaimed on February 21, 1805. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H Sac and Fox Nation is the modern political entity encompassing the historical Sac and Fox nations of Native Americans. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 362 - Athanasius returns to Alexandria. 1245 - Thomas, the first known Bishop of Finland Year 1805 ( MDCCCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or Despite the name, the treaty was conducted at Portage des Sioux, Missouri, located immediately north of St. Louis, Missouri. Portage Des Sioux is a city in St Charles County, Missouri, United States. In exchange for an annual payment of $1,000 in goods to be delivered to the tribe in St. Louis ($600 for the Sacs and $400 for the Fox), the tribes gave up a swath of land stretching from northeast Missouri through almost all of Illinois north of the Illinois River as well as a large section of southern Wisconsin. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 273 miles (439 km long in the U Wisconsin ( or wɪˈskɑnsɨn (French Ouisconsin) is one of the fifty United States of America, located in the north central part of the United States

The specific terms for the boundary were:

The general boundary line between the lands of the United States and of the said Indian tribes shall be as follows, to wit: Beginning at a point on the Missouri river opposite to the mouth of the Gasconade river; thence in a direct course so as to strike the river Jeffreon at the distance of thirty miles from its mouth, and down the said Jeffreon to the Mississippi, thence up the Mississippi to the mouth of the Ouisconsing river and up the same to a point which shall be thirty-six miles in a direct line from the mouth of the said river, thence by a direct line to the point where the Fox river (a branch of the Illinois) leaves the small lake called Sakaegan, thence down the Fox river to the Illinois river, and down the same to the Mississippi. The Gasconade River is a Tributary of the Missouri River, about 265 mi (425 km long in south-central and central Missouri in the United States The Mississippi River is the second longest River in the United States, with a length of from its source in Lake Itasca in Minnesota to The Wisconsin River is a Tributary of the Mississippi River in the U This article is about a tributary beginning in far southeastern Wisconsin of the Illinois River The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 273 miles (439 km long in the U And the said tribes, for and in consideration of the friendship and protection of the United States which is now extended to them, of the goods (to the value of two thousand two hundred and thirty-four dollars and fifty cents) which are now delivered, and of the annuity hereinafter stipulated to be paid, do hereby cede and relinquish forever to the United States, all the lands included within the above-described boundary. [1]

Included in this cessation were the historic villages along the Rock River (Illinois), particularly Saukenauk. William Henry Harrison, the representative for the United States, was governor of the Indiana territory and of the District of Louisiana, superintendent of Indian Affairs for the said territory and district. This article is about the general and president For his great-great-grandson see William H Indiana Territory was an Organized territory of the United States from 1800 to 1816 created by Act of Congress and signed into law by President The District of Louisiana or Louisiana District was an official United States government designation for the portion of the Louisiana Purchase that had History Although the bureau which was called the Office of Indian Affairs was formed in 1824 similar agencies had existed in the U The party of Sauk who signed the treaty were not expecting to negotiate land and did not include important tribal leaders who would ordinarily have been in such negotiations. Black Hawk never recognized the treaty as valid and this led him to side with the British against settlers in the area during the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The treaty was upheld again in the Treaties of Portage des Sioux in 1815 at the end of the war. The Treaties of Portage des Sioux were a series of treaties at Portage des Sioux Missouri in 1815 that officially were supposed to mark the end of conflicts between the Black Hawk eventually led the Black Hawk War to fight its terms. The Black Hawk War was fought in 1832 in the Midwestern United States.

In his autobiography, Black Hawk recalled:

Quashquame, Pashepaho, Ouchequaka and Hashequarhiqua were sent by the Sacs to St. Louis to try and free a prisoner who had killed an American. The Sac tradition was to see if the Americans would release their friend. They were willing to pay for the person killed, thus covering the blood and satisfying the relations of the murdered man.
Upon return Quashquame and party came up and gave us the following account of their mission:
On our arrival at St. Louis we met our American father and explained to him our business, urging the release of our friend. The American chief told us he wanted land. We agreed to give him some on the west side of the Mississippi, likewise more on the Illinois side opposite Jeffreon. When the business was all arranged we expected to have our friend released to come home with us. About the time we were ready to start our brother was let out of the prison. He started and ran a short distance when he was SHOT DEAD!
This was all they could remember of what had been said and done. It subsequently appeared that they had been drunk the greater part of the time while at St. Louis.
This was all myself and nation knew of the treaty of 1804. It has since been explained to me. I found by that treaty, that all of the country east of the Mississippi, and south of Jeffreon was ceded to the United States for one thousand dollars a year. I will leave it to the people of the United States to say whether our nation was properly represented in this treaty? Or whether we received a fair compensation for the extent of country ceded by these four individuals?[2]

1815 - Kansa


1816 - Sauk


1816 - Sioux


1816 - Winnebago


1816 - Ottawa, etc.

The Treaty of St. Louis of 1816 was treaty signed by Ninian Edwards, William Clark, and Auguste Chouteau for the United States and representatives of the Council of Three Fires (united tribes of Ottawa, Ojibwa, and Potawatomi) residing on the Illinois and Milwaukee rivers, signed on August 24, 1816 and proclaimed on December 30, 1816. Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year A Treaty is an agreement under International law entered into by actors in international law namely States and International organizations. Ninian Edwards ( March 17, 1775 July 20, 1833) was a US Political figure. William Clark ( August 1, 1770 &ndash September 1, 1838) was an American explorer soldier Indian agent, and territorial governor René Auguste Chouteau (born September 7, 1749 in New Orleans, Louisiana; died February 24, 1829 in St The Council of Three Fires, also known as the People of the Three Fires, the Three Fires Confederacy, the United Nations of Chippewa Ottawa and Potawatomi The Ojibwa or Chippewa (also Ojibwe, Ojibway, Chippeway) is the largest group of Native Americans - First Nations The Potawatomi (also spelled Pottawatomie and Pottawatomi, among many variations) are a Native American people of the upper Mississippi The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 273 miles (439 km long in the U The Milwaukee River is a River in the state of Wisconsin, about 75 miles (121 km long Events 49 BC - Julius Caesar 's General Gaius Scribonius Curio is defeated in the Second Battle of the Bagradas River Year 1816 ( MDCCCXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Despite the name, the treaty was conducted at Portage des Sioux, Missouri, located immediately north of St. Louis, Missouri. Portage Des Sioux is a city in St Charles County, Missouri, United States.

By signing the treaty, the tribes, their chiefs, and their warriors relinquished all right, claim, and title to land previously ceded to the United States by the Sac and Fox tribes on November 3, 1804. "Outagamie" redirects here For the Wisconsin county see Outagamie County Wisconsin. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Year 1804 ( MDCCCIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a By signing, the united tribes also ceded a 20 mile strip of land to the United States, which connected Chicago and Lake Michigan with the Illinois River. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. Lake Michigan is one of the five Great Lakes of North America, and the only one located entirely within the United States. The Illinois River is a principal tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 273 miles (439 km long in the U In 1848, the Illinois and Michigan Canal was built on the ceded land and, in 1900, the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal. The Illinois and Michigan Canal ran 96 miles (155 km from the Bridgeport neighborhood in Chicago on the Chicago River to LaSalle Illinois, The Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, historically known as the Chicago Drainage Canal, is the only shipping link between the Great Lakes (specifically Lake

The specific land given up included:

The said chiefs and warriors, for themselves and the tribes they represent, agree to relinquish, and hereby do relinquish, to the United States, all their right, claim, and title, to all the land contained in the before-mentioned cession of the Sacs and Foxes, which lies south of a due west line from the southern extremity of Lake Michigan to the Mississippi river. And they moreover cede to the United States all the land contained within the following bounds, to wit: beginning on the left bank of the Fox river of Illinois, ten miles above the mouth of said Fox river; thence running so as to cross Sandy creek, ten miles above its mouth; thence, in a direct line, to a point ten miles north of the west end of the Portage, between Chicago creek, which empties into Lake Michigan, and the river Depleines, a fork of the Illinois; thence, in a direct line, to a point on Lake Michigan, ten miles northward of the mouth of Chicago creek; thence, along the lake, to a point ten miles southward of the mouth of the said Chicago creek; thence, in a direct line, to a point on the Kankakee, ten miles above its mouth; thence, with the said Kankakee and the Illinois river, to the mouth of Fox river, and thence to the beginning: Provided, nevertheless, That the said tribes shall be permitted to hunt and fish within the limits of the land hereby relinquished and ceded, so long as it may continue to be the property of the United States.

In exchange the tribes were to be paid $1,000 in merchandise over 12 years. [3] The land was surveyed by John C. Sullivan and its land was originally intended as land grant rewards for volunteers in the War of 1812. John C Sullivan (died 1830 was a surveyor who established the Indian Boundary Line and the Sullivan Line which were to form the boundary between The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Many of the streets in the survey run at a diagonal that is counter to the Chicago street grid.

1817 - Menominee


1818 - Grand Pawnee


1818 - Noisy Pawnee


1818 - Pawnee Republic


1818 - Pawnee Marhar


1818 - Quapaw


1818 - Osage

The Treaty of St. Louis (also known as the Treaty with the Osage or the Osage Treaty) was signed on September 25, 1818 in St. Louis between William Clark of the United States and members of the Osage Nation. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 1818 ( MDCCCXVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common William Clark ( August 1, 1770 &ndash September 1, 1838) was an American explorer soldier Indian agent, and territorial governor The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Osage Nation is a tribe in the United States, which is mainly based in Osage County Oklahoma, but can be found throughout America Based on the terms of the accord, the Osage ceded all territories to the United States beginning at the Arkansas River and ending at the Verdigris River. The Arkansas River is a major Tributary of the Mississippi River. The Verdigris River is a Tributary of the Arkansas River in southeastern Kansas and northeastern Oklahoma The specifications of the lands ceded to the United States are found in Article 1 of the accord:

Whereas, the Osage nations have been embarrassed by the frequent demands for property taken from citizens of the United States, by war parties, and other thoughtless men of their several bands, (both before and since their war with the Cherokees) and as the exertions of their chiefs have been ineffectual in recovering and delivering such property, conformably with the condition of the ninth article of a treaty, entered into with the United States at Fort Clark, the tenth of November, one thousand eight hundred and eight; and as the deductions from their annuities, in conformity to the said article, would deprive them of any for several years, and being destitute of funds to do that justice to the citizens of the United States, which is calculated to prompt a friendly intercourse, they have agreed, and do hereby agree, to cede to the United States, and forever quit claim to the tract of country included within the following bounds, to-wit: Beginning at the Arkansaw River, at where the present Osage boundary line strikes the river at Frog Bayou; then up the Arkansaw and Verdigris to the fall of Verdigris river; thence, eastwardly, to the said Osage boundary line at a point twenty leagues north from the Arkansaw river; and, with that line, to the place of beginning. [4]

1825 - Shawnee

The Treaty of St. Louis was signed on November 7, 1825 (proclaimed on December 30, 1825) between William Clark on behalf of the United States and delegates from the Shawnee Nation. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Events 1460 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Wakefield. 1816 - The Treaty of St Year 1825 ( MDCCCXXV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common William Clark ( August 1, 1770 &ndash September 1, 1838) was an American explorer soldier Indian agent, and territorial governor The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. In this treaty, the Shawnee ceded lands to the United States near Cape Geredeau. The Shawnee, or Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. [5] In return for Cape Geredeau, the United States government gave the Shawnee a sum of 11,000 dollars and leased to them a blacksmith shop for five years providing all tools and 300 pounds of iron annually. [6] Moreover, peace and friendship between the two nations were renewed and perpetuated. [7]

References

  1. ^ Treaty of St. Louis, 1804.
  2. ^ Black Hawk. Autobiography of Ma-ka-tai-me-she-kia-kiak, or Black Hawk. J. B. Patterson, 1882.
  3. ^ Treaty with the Ottawa, 1816
  4. ^ The Osage: A Historical Sketch.
  5. ^ Oklahoma State University Library (Kappler Project: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties) - Treaty With The Shawnee, 1825 (Article 1) The Shawnee tribe, do, hereby, cede and relinquish to the United States, all their claim, interest and title, to the lands on which they settled, near Cape Geredeau, under an authority of the Spanish government as aforesaid, situate, lying, and being between the River St. Come and Cape Geredeau, and bounded on the east by the Mississippi, and westwardly by White Water.
  6. ^ Oklahoma State University Library (Kappler Project: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties) - Treaty With The Shawnee, 1825 (Article 4) It appearing that the Shawnee Indians have various claims against the citizens of the United States to a large amount, for spoliations of various kinds, but which they have not been able to support by the testimony of white men; the United States, in order to a final settlement of all such claims, do hereby agree to pay to the Shawnee nation, the sum of (11,000) eleven thousand dollars, to be distributed by them in such way as may be deemed equitable; and to support and keep a blacksmith for their use on the lands hereby assigned, for the term of five years, or as long as the President may deem advisable; and it is further stipulated, that the United States shall furnish for the use of the Shawnees, the tools necessary for the blacksmith's shop, and (300) three hundred pounds of iron annually, to be furnished at the expense of the United States.
  7. ^ Oklahoma State University Library (Kappler Project: Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties) - Treaty With The Shawnee, 1825 (Article 5) The friendship heretofore existing between the United States and the Shawnee Nation, is, hereby, renewed and perpetuated.

See also

External links

This list of treaties contains historic agreements pacts peaces and major contracts between states armies governments and tribal groups Bolingbrook is a large village in DuPage, Will, and Cook Counties in the U Frankfort is a village in Will County, Illinois, United States with a small section of it in Cook County Illinois.
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