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In association football, a transfer is the action taken whenever a player moves between clubs. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered It refers to the transferring of a players registration from one club to another. A football team or a football club, in football (soccer is the collective name given to a number of players who play together in a Football game be it Association In general the players can only be transferred during a transfer window and according to the rules set by a governing body. In Association football, the transfer window is the period during the year in which a Football team can transfer players either in or out of their playing A sport governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function

Contents

Method

When a footballer is under contract with a club, he can only leave if the club agrees to terminate this contract. A contract is an exchange of promises between two or more parties to do or refrain from doing an act which is enforceable in a court of law As a way of compensation, the club to whom the player is transferring will usually pay a capital sum. This is known as the 'transfer fee'. As part of the transfer deal, a proportion of the fee may go to the player himself and any agents involved in the deal. A sports agent is a person who procures and negotiates employment and Endorsement deals for an athlete. Again, the exact percentage is subject to the regulations of the relevant governing body.

Historically transfer fees were paid even when the player was out of contract (except in Spain), but since the Bosman ruling, this is no longer the case. The Bosman ruling (Union Royal Belges des Sociétés de Football Association ASBL & others v This ruling occurred when the European Union declared that the practice of demanding a fee for players out of contract was illegal. The European Union ( EU) is a political and economic union of twenty-seven member states, located primarily in However, in order to secure an income for smaller clubs, UEFA regulations still state that a fee must be paid for players under the age of 23. The Union of European Football Associations (Union des associations européennes de football is the administrative and controlling body for European football. This may be set by a tribunal if it cannot be agreed upon between the two clubs. Tribunal is a generic term for any body acting judicially whether or not it is called a tribunal in its title

Transfers may also involve a part-exchange, in which some or all of the capital fee is paid for by trading another player from the signing club to the selling club. Other methods of paying a transfer fee include:

Additionally, a single fee may be used to buy the registration of many players at once. Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations

FIFA's solidarity mechanism

On 19 October 2003 FIFA issued regulations and annexes that cover training compensation and a solidarity mechanism for the movement of players across borders. Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football)

If a player moves during the course of a contract, after reaching the age of 23 or after his second transfer (whichever comes first), a proportion (5%) of any compensation paid to the previous club will be distributed to the club(s) involved in the training and education of the player. This distribution will be made in proportion to the number of years the player has been registered with the relevant clubs between the age of 12 and 23.

The nature of the 5% that comes from the solidarity mechanism is in some sense a return in investment for the nursery club.

Highest transfer fees

The following table shows the highest transfer fees ever paid in British Pounds. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Using a different currency (the Euro being the most relevant) produces a slightly different list due to exchange rate fluctuations. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e The great majority of transfer fees over £10 million have been paid by clubs in England, Italy or Spain.

European football experienced a "transfer bubble" between circa 1999 and 2002, and fees then fell away significantly. The most expensive transfer since that time was Chelsea's purchase of Andriy Shevchenko in 2006. Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko (Андрій Миколайович Шевченко Andrij Mykolajovyč Ševčenko; born September 29 1976 in Dvirkivschyna, The fee was not officially disclosed, but was reported as £30 million by many media outlets, and as slightly more than that by some.

Of the transfers in the list below, Rio Ferdinand's included performance related clauses, as may some of the other deals. Rio Gavin Ferdinand (born 7 November 1978 in Peckham, London) is an English footballer. This leads to different figures being given by different sources. Such performance related clauses have become more common since the bursting of the transfer bubble, meaning that it is harder to produce definitive lists of the largest transfer fees than was the case in the past.

RankPlayerFromToTransfer Fee
(£ millions)		Transfer Fee
(€ millions)		Year
1Flag of France Zinedine ZidaneFlag of Italy JuventusFlag of Spain Real Madrid46. The Pound Sterling ( symbol £; ISO code: GBP) subdivided into 100 pence (singular penny) is the Currency Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 0[1]76. 02001
2Flag of Portugal Luís FigoFlag of Spain BarcelonaFlag of Spain Real Madrid38. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Luís Filipe Madeira Caeiro Figo, (born 4 November 1972 in Almada, Portugal) is a professional Portuguese footballer Fútbol Club Barcelona ( Catalan fudˈbɔɫ ˌklup bəɾsəˈlonə Spanish ˈfutβol ˌkluβ baɾθeˈlona known familiarly as Barça (Spanish ˈbaɾsa Catalan 7[2]58. 52000
3Flag of Argentina Hernán CrespoFlag of Italy ParmaFlag of Italy Lazio35. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Hernán Jorge Crespo (born July 5, Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio) is an Italian football club based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, team that Società Sportiva Lazio, ( commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional Sports club most noted for its football 5[3]53. 62000
4Flag of Italy Gianluigi BuffonFlag of Italy ParmaFlag of Italy Juventus32. 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Gianluigi "Gigi" Buffon, Cavaliere OMRI is an Italian FIFA World Cup -winning Goalkeeper who currently plays for Italian Serie Parma Football Club (formerly Parma Associazione Calcio) is an Italian football club based in Parma, Emilia-Romagna, team that 6[4]49. 22001
5Flag of Italy Christian VieriFlag of Italy LazioFlag of Italy Internazionale32. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Vieri redirects here For other uses of Vieri see Vieri (disambiguation Christian Vieri (born July 12, 1973 in Società Sportiva Lazio, ( commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional Sports club most noted for its football Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club 0[5]48. 31999
6Flag of Ukraine Andriy ShevchenkoFlag of Italy MilanFlag of England Chelsea30. Year 1999 ( MCMXCIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1999 Gregorian calendar) Andriy Mykolayovych Shevchenko (Андрій Миколайович Шевченко Andrij Mykolajovyč Ševčenko; born September 29 1976 in Dvirkivschyna, Associazione Calcio Milan, commonly referred to by the abbreviation Milan, is an Italian professional football club based in Milan, Lombardy 8[6]46. 52006
7Flag of the Czech Republic Pavel NedvědFlag of Italy LazioFlag of Italy Juventus30. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Pavel Nedvěd pronounced (born August 30 1972 in Cheb, Czech Republic, at that time Czechoslovakia) is a Czech professional Società Sportiva Lazio, ( commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional Sports club most noted for its football 6[7]46. 22001
8Flag of England Rio FerdinandFlag of England Leeds UtdFlag of England Manchester Utd29. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Rio Gavin Ferdinand (born 7 November 1978 in Peckham, London) is an English footballer. Leeds United Association Football Club, commonly referred to as simply Leeds United or informally Leeds, are an English professional football 1[8]43. 92002
9Flag of Spain Gaizka MendietaFlag of Spain ValenciaFlag of Italy Lazio29. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Gaizka Mendieta Zabala (born 27 March, 1974 in Bilbao) is a Spanish football player of Basque origin Valencia Club de Fútbol (also known as Valencia or Los Che) is a Spanish professional football club based in Valencia Società Sportiva Lazio, ( commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional Sports club most noted for its football 0[9]43. 82001
10Flag of Brazil RonaldoFlag of Italy InternazionaleFlag of Spain Real Madrid28. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Ronaldo Luis Nazário de Lima (xo'nawdʊ lu'iz na'zaɾjʊ dʒɪ 'limɐ born September 18, 1976. Football Club Internazionale Milano, most commonly referred to as simply Internazionale, or Inter, is an Italian professional football club 49[10]43. 02002
11Flag of Argentina Juan Sebastián VerónFlag of Italy LazioFlag of England Manchester Utd28. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Juan Sebastián Verón (born 9 March 1975 in La Plata) is an Argentine professional football player who plays as a Midfielder. Società Sportiva Lazio, ( commonly referred to SS Lazio or simply Lazio, is an Italian professional Sports club most noted for its football 1[11]42. 42001
12Flag of England Wayne RooneyFlag of England EvertonFlag of England Manchester Utd27. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Wayne Mark Rooney (born 24 October 1985 in Croxteth, Liverpool, Merseyside) is an English footballer who currently plays for English Premier Everton Football Club is an English football club located in the city of Liverpool. 0[12]40. 82004

See also

References

  1. ^ Football Database: Zidane
  2. ^ Football Database: Luís Figo
  3. ^ Football Database: Hernán Crespo
  4. ^ Football Database: Gianluigi Buffon
  5. ^ Football Database: Christian Vieri
  6. ^ Football Database: Andriy Shevchenko
  7. ^ Football Database: Pavel Nedvěd
  8. ^ Football Database: Rio Ferdinand
  9. ^ F.A. Premier League: Gaizka Mendieta
  10. ^ Football Database: Ronaldo
  11. ^ BBC Sport: Veron seals £28.1m Man Utd move
  12. ^ Football Database: Wayne Rooney

External links

"MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " In football, a free transfer involves a team releasing a player once the player's Contract has expired or made available just before the end of the contract The progression of the British football transfer fee record tracks the increases in the record for the highest transfer fee paid or received by British Association The posting system is a Baseball player transfer system currently in effect between Japan 's Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB and the United Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Nippon Professional Baseball or NPB is the highest level of Baseball in Japan. The following is a list of the largest sports contracts. These figures include Signing bonuses but exclude options buyouts and endorsement deals The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football)
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