Citizendia

Trafford Park


Trafford Park's southern entrance is marked by this bridge connecting Kellogg's manufacturing plant to its warehouse. Kellogg Company (often referred to as simply Kellogg or Kellogg's, or even more formally Kellogg's of Battle Creek) is an American multinational

Trafford Park (Greater Manchester)
Trafford Park

Trafford Park shown within Greater Manchester
OS grid referenceSJ785965
Metropolitan boroughTrafford
Metropolitan countyGreater Manchester
RegionNorth West
Constituent countryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townMANCHESTER
Postcode districtM17
Dialling code0161
PoliceGreater Manchester
FireGreater Manchester
AmbulanceNorth West
European ParliamentNorth West England
UK ParliamentStretford and Urmston
List of places: UK • England • Greater Manchester

Coordinates: 53°27′54″N 2°19′23″W / 53.465001, -2.323136

Trafford Park is an area of the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England. Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The British national grid reference system is a system of geographic grid references commonly used in Great Britain, different from using Latitude and Longitude The districts of England are a level of subnational division of England used for the purposes of local government The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties are one of the four levels of Subdivisions of England used for the purposes of Local government outside Greater London Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 The region, also known as the government office region, is currently the highest tier of local government sub-national entity of England, with only one North West England is one of the nine official Regions of England. Constituent country is a phrase used often by official institutions in contexts in which a country makes up a part of a larger entity or grouping England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland This list of sovereign states, alphabetically arranged gives an overview of States around the world with information on the extent of their Sovereignty. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A post town is a required part of all postal addresses in the United Kingdom, and a basic unit of the postal delivery system UK Postal codes are known as postcodes. UK postcodes are Alphanumeric. The M postcode area, also known as the Manchester postcode area, is a group of several Postal districts in Greater Manchester, England. The UK Telephone numbering plan, also known as the National Telephone Numbering Plan, is the system used for assigning Telephone numbers in the United There are a number of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom. Greater Manchester Police (" GMP " is the Home Office Police force responsible for policing the Metropolitan county of Greater The fire service in the United Kingdom operates under separate legislative and administrative arrangements in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and The Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service is the county-wide statutory emergency fire and rescue service for the Metropolitan county of The North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust was formed on 1 July 2006 as part of Health Minister Lord Warner's plans to reduce the number of NHS North West England is a Constituency of the European Parliament. This is a list of the 646 constituencies currently represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as at the 2005 general election Stretford and Urmston is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. A Gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's County, Unitary authority or council area and its geographical coordinates List of places --> List of cities in the United Kingdom List of towns in England Lists of places This is a partial list of places in Greater Manchester, in North West England. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. The Metropolitan Borough of Trafford is a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England Greater Manchester is a Metropolitan county in North West England, with a population of 2 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Located immediately south of Salford Quays, on the southern side of the Manchester Ship Canal, it is 3. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 4 miles (5. 5 km) west-southwest of Manchester City Centre, and 1. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. 3 miles (2. 1 km) north of Stretford. Stretford (pop 37500 is a town within the Metropolitan Borough of Trafford, in Greater Manchester, England

Trafford Park is almost entirely surrounded by water. The Bridgewater Canal forms its southeastern and southwestern boundaries, and the Manchester Ship Canal forms its northeastern and northwestern boundaries. The Bridgewater Canal is a Canal in North West England, connecting Runcorn, Manchester, and Leigh. The park occupies an area of 1. 9 square miles (4. 9 km²),[1] and is the site of a large industrial estate, the first planned industrial estate in the world,[2] and the largest in Europe. An industrial estate is an area of land set aside for industrial development. [3] There are over 1,400 companies within the park, employing an estimated 44,000 people. [1] At its peak in 1945, there were an estimated 75,000 workers employed.

Contents

History

Pre-industrial

Until the industrial development of the park began, in the late 19th century, much of the area now known as Trafford Park was a "beautifully timbered deer park". It was formerly the ancestral estate of the family that has lent its name to the area, the de Trafford family, one of the most ancient families in England. This page relates to the surname of Trafford For the Metropolitan Borough in Greater Manchester England see Trafford. [4] Sometime between 1672 and 1720, the de Traffords moved from the home that they had occupied since 1017, in what is now known as Old Trafford, to what was then called Whittleswick Hall, which they renamed Trafford Hall. Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. [5] Their new home was a little to the east of where Tenax Circle is now, at the northwestern end of Trafford Park Road.

Trafford Park contained the hall, its grounds, and three farms: Park Farm, Moss Farm, and Waters Meeting Farm. [6] There were three entrance lodges to the park, at Throstle Nest, Old Trafford, and Barton-upon-Irwell. Old Trafford is an area of Stretford in Greater Manchester, England. Barton-upon-Irwell (or Barton) is an area of Eccles, within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in The Old Trafford entrance lodge is the only one to have survived, having been relocated from its original position opposite what is today the White City retail park to become the entrance to Gorse Hill Park. An old map shows the whole area as Trafford Heath, and inside it a smaller Trafford Park.

The Old Trafford entrance lodge and gates to Trafford Park
The Old Trafford entrance lodge and gates to Trafford Park

In 1761, a section of the Bridgewater Canal was built along the southeast and southwest sides of Trafford Park. The Bridgewater Canal is a Canal in North West England, connecting Runcorn, Manchester, and Leigh. Along with the River Irwell, marking the estate's northern boundary, that gave the park its present-day "island-like" quality. [7] In about 1860, an 8-acre (3. 2 ha) ornamental lake was added to the park. It became filled with foundry waste and builders' rubble during the mid-20th century, but what remains of the lake is now the centrepiece of the Trafford Ecology Park. A foundry is a Factory which produces Metal Castings from either Ferrous or non-ferrous alloys [3]

In 1882, a meeting held at the Didsbury home of engineer Daniel Adamson began the estate's transformation, with the creation of the Manchester Ship Canal committee. Didsbury (ˈdɪdzbəri is a suburban area of the City of Manchester, in Greater Manchester, England Daniel Adamson ( 30 April 1820 &ndash 13 January 1890) was a notable English Engineer who became a successful manufacturer The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 Sir Humphrey de Trafford was an implacable opponent of the proposed canal. Sir Humphrey de Trafford 2nd Baronet, ( 1 May 1808 &ndash 4 May 1886) was a prominent English Roman Catholic. [8] He objected, amongst other things, that it would bring polluted water close to his residence, interfere with his drainage, and render Trafford Hall uninhabitable, forcing him to "give up his home and leave the place". In spite of Sir Humphrey's opposition, the Ship Canal Bill became law on 6 August 1885, after two previous Bills had failed to get through Parliament. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1885 ( MDCCCLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common However, the construction of the canal did not begin until 1888, more than two years after Sir Humphrey had died. [9]

The Manchester Ship Canal was opened in 1894, making Trafford Park a prime site for industrial development. The Manchester Ship Canal is a wide long river navigation in North West England, opened on 21 May 1894 During the following century, the park was built over with factories and some housing for workers. Neither the deer park nor the ancestral home of the de Trafford family, Trafford Hall, survived its 20th-century industrialisation.

Early development

On 7 May 1896, Sir Humphrey Francis de Trafford put the estate up for auction, but it failed to reach its reported reserve price of £300,000. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Sir Humphrey Francis de Trafford (1862-1929 was an English landowner and racehorse breeder [10] There was much public debate, before and after the abortive sale, as to whether Manchester Corporation ought to buy Trafford Park, but the corporation could not agree terms quickly enough, and so on 23 June 1896 Ernest Terah Hooley became the new owner of Trafford Park, for the sum of £360,000. Events 1180 - First Battle of Uji, starting the Genpei War in Japan 1305 - The Flemish Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

On 17 August 1896, Hooley formed Trafford Park Estates Ltd, transferring his ownership of the park to the new company – of which he was the chairman and a significant shareholder – at a substantial profit. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year The initial plans for the estate included a racetrack, exclusive housing, and a cycle works, along with the development of the Ship Canal frontage for "all types of trade including timber". A race track (or 'racetrack' or 'racing track' is a purpose-built facility for Racing of animals (eg By that time the ship canal had been open for two years, but the predicted traffic had yet to materialise. Hooley met with Marshall Stevens, the general manager of the Ship Canal Company. Marshall Stevens ( 18 April 1852 &ndash 12 August 1936) was an English Property developer whose work with Daniel Both men recognised the benefit that the industrial development of Trafford Park could offer to the ship canal, and the ship canal to the estate. In January 1897, Stevens became the managing director of Trafford Park Estates. [11]

Trafford Park Hotel, on the corner of Third Avenue and Ashburton Road, built in 1902
Trafford Park Hotel, on the corner of Third Avenue and Ashburton Road, built in 1902

Like any commercial enterprise, Trafford Park Estates had to generate an income for its investors. The company chose not to construct buildings for letting, but instead to lease land for development by the tenant. However, it could not afford simply to wait for prospective tenants to come forward, and so the park's existing assets had to be made use of in the meantime. Trafford Hall was opened as a hotel in 1899, to serve prospective industrialists considering a move to the park, along with their key employees. It had 40 bedrooms, available to "Gentlemen only". [12] The hall's stables and some other outbuildings were used for stock auctions and selling horses, from 1900–1902, and the ornamental lake was leased to William Crooke and Sons, for use as a boating lake, initially on a five-year lease. The lake continued to be used for leisure activities until the 1930s. [3] A polo ground was set up in the park, and 80 acres (32. Polo is a team sport played outdoors on Horseback in which the objective is to score goals against an opposing team 4 ha) of land near the hall were leased to the Manchester Golf Club, who laid out a three-mile (4. 8 km) long course. The club moved from Trafford Park to a new site at Hopwood Park in 1912. [13] All of the open-field land uses were subsequently pushed out by industry.

Industrialisation

Entrance to Trafford Park's industrial estate.
Entrance to Trafford Park's industrial estate.

Among the first industries to arrive was the Manchester Patent Fuel Company, in 1898. The Trafford Brick Company arrived soon after, followed by J. W Southern & Co. (timber merchants), James Gresham (engineers), and W. T. Glovers & Co. (electric cable manufacturers). Glovers also built a power station in the park, on the banks of the Bridgewater Canal. The Bridgewater Canal is a Canal in North West England, connecting Runcorn, Manchester, and Leigh. Most of these early developments were built on the eastern side of the park, with the rest remaining largely undeveloped.

The first American company to arrive was Westinghouse, which formed its British subsidiary – British Westinghouse Electric Company – in 1899, and purchased 130 acres (52. British Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company was a subsidiary of the American Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company. 6 ha) on two sites. Building work started in 1900, and the factory began production in 1902, making turbines and electric generators. By the following year, British Westinghouse was employing approximately half of the 12,000 workers in Trafford Park. Its main machine shop was 899 feet (274 m) long and 440 feet (134 m) wide; for almost 100 years Westinghouse's Trafford Park works was the most important engineering facility in Britain. [14] In 1919, Westinghouse renamed itself Metropolitan-Vickers. Metropolitan-Vickers, Metrovick, or Metrovicks, was a British heavy electrical engineering company of the early-to-mid 20th century formerly known as

In 1903, the Cooperative Wholesale Society (CWS), bought land at Trafford Wharf and set up a large food packing factory and a flour mill. Co-operative Group Limited, trading as The Co-operative Group, is a United Kingdom Consumers' co-operative, and one of the world's largest consumer-owned Other companies to arrive at that time included Kilverts (making lard), the Liverpool Warehousing Company, and Lancashire Dynamo & Crypto Ltd.

The second major American company to set up a manufacturing base in Trafford Park was the Ford Motor Company, in 1911. Ford Motor Company is an American Multinational corporation and the world's fourth largest automaker based on Worldwide vehicle sales, following Initially Ford used its factory as an assembly plant for the Model T, but other vehicles were assembled there in later years. The Ford Model T (colloquially known as the Tin Lizzie and also the Flivver) was an Automobile produced by Henry Ford 's Ford [15] Ford moved to Dagenham in 1931, returning temporarily to Trafford Park during the Second World War, when it manufactured Rolls-Royce Merlin engines under licence. Dagenham is a suburban town in east London, in the London Borough of Barking and Dagenham, situated east of Charing Cross. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including [16]

By 1933, over 300 American companies had bases in Trafford Park, and that number was added to when, in 1938, the Kellogg company opened a large industrial complex at Barton Dock. Kellogg Company (often referred to as simply Kellogg or Kellogg's, or even more formally Kellogg's of Battle Creek) is an American multinational Kellogg's remains a significant presence in the park.

Second World War

During the Second World War, Trafford Park was largely turned over to the production of war materiel, including the Avro Manchester heavy bomber, and the Rolls-Royce Merlin engines used to power both the Spitfire and the Lancaster. Materiel (from the French "matériel" for equipment or hardware related to the word Material) is a term used in English to refer to the The Avro 679 Manchester was a British twin-engined Heavy bomber developed during the Second World War by the Avro aircraft company in the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "Lanc" redirects here Distinguish from Lank (adjective and from Amon Lanc (a place in Tolkien's fiction The engines were made by Ford, under licence. The 17,316 workers employed in the factory produced 34,000 engines. [16] As an important industrial area, the park suffered from extensive bombing, particularly during the Manchester Blitz of December 1940. The Manchester Blitz (also known as the Christmas Blitz was the heavy bombing of the city of Manchester, England during the Second World War by the Nazi On the night of 23 December 1940, the Metropolitan-Vickers aircraft factory in Mosley Road was badly damaged, with the loss of 13 Avro Manchester bombers in final assembly. Events 962 - Byzantine-Arab Wars: Under the future Emperor Nicephorus Phocas, Byzantine troops stormed the city Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Avro 679 Manchester was a British twin-engined Heavy bomber developed during the Second World War by the Avro aircraft company in the Trafford Hall was also severely damaged, and it was demolished shortly after the war ended. [17]

At the outbreak of war in 1939, there were an estimated 50,000 workers employed in the park. By the end of the war, in 1945, that number had risen to 75,000,[18] which was probably the peak size of the park's workforce. Metropolitan-Vickers alone employed 26,000 workers. [19]

Decline and regeneration

In the 1960s, employment in the park began to decline, as companies closed their premises in favour of newer, more efficient plants elsewhere. [20] In 1971, Stretford Council responded to the decline by setting up the Trafford Park Industrial Council (TRAFIC), membership of which was open to any firm in Trafford Park. One of TRAFIC's early initiatives was to encourage businesses in the park to address its general air of decay, by improving their own areas through landscaping and other environmental improvements. [21]

Governance

Civic history

The eastern area of the park, where the first developments took place, was under the local government control of Stretford Urban District; the west was controlled by the urban district of Barton-upon-Irwell. Barton-upon-Irwell (or Barton) is an area of Eccles, within the Metropolitan borough of the City of Salford, in [22] It was not long before tensions began to emerge between the Estates Company and Stretford Council over the provision of local services and infrastructure. In 1902, W. T. Glover & Co, a cable manufacturing company that had moved to the park from nearby Salford, built a power station next to their works to supply electricity to the rest of the park; the Estates Company had previously approached Manchester Corporation, but Stretford would not allow another local authority to supply electricity within its area. [23]

Political representation

Since 1997, Trafford Park has been in the constituency of Stretford and Urmston. Stretford and Urmston is a borough constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Beverley Hughes, a member of the Labour Party, has been the MP since the constituency was created. Beverley June Hughes (born 30 March 1950 is a British politician and Member of Parliament for Stretford and Urmston (in Greater Manchester) The Labour Party is a Political party in the United Kingdom. Founded at the start of the 20th century it has been since the 1920s the principal party of the A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters to a Parliament. At the 2005 General Election, Hughes won the seat with a majority of 7,851, representing 51. Results Overview For events leading up to the date of the election see article Pre-election day events of the United Kingdom general 0% of the vote. The Conservatives took 30. The Conservative Party (officially the Conservative and Unionist Party) is a Political party in the United Kingdom. 4% of the vote, the Liberal Democrats 14. The Liberal Democrats, often shortened to Lib Dems, are a liberal Political party in the United Kingdom, formed in 1988 by merging the 0%, the Respect Party 2. Respect – The Unity Coalition is a Left wing political party in England and Wales founded on 25 January, 2004 in London. 5%, and the United Kingdom Independence Party 2. The United Kingdom Independence Party (commonly known as UKIP, ˈjuːkɪp 2%. [24]

Geography

Trafford Park is either flat or gently undulating, around 144 feet (44 m) above sea level at its highest point. [25] The local bedrock is Triassic Bunter Sandstone, overlaid by sand and gravel deposited during the last ice age, around 10,000 years ago. Bunter beds are Sandstone deposits containing rounded pebbles such as can notably be found in Warwickshire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, Nottinghamshire An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets There are some areas of peat in the west of the park, in the area formerly known as Trafford Moss. Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter.

Trafford Park Village

View down Third Avenue, 2007
View down Third Avenue, 2007

In 1898, a large plot of land was sold to Edmund Nuttall & Co. , for the construction of 1,200 houses. The houses were never built, but the land later became the site of Trafford Park Village, known locally simply as the Village. [26] The announced arrival of the Westinghouse factory acted a spur to development, and so in 1899, Trafford Park Dwellings Ltd was formed, with the aim of providing housing for the anticipated influx of new workers. Nuttall's land was acquired, and by 1903 over 500 houses had been built. When the development was completed in 1904 there were over 700 houses. In 1907 it was estimated that the population of the Village was 3,060. [27]

The Village was laid out in a grid pattern, with the roads being numbered instead of being named. Avenues numbered 1 to 4 ran north–south, and streets numbered 1 to 12 ran east–west. Its design attracted some criticism from the start; the streets were narrow, with few gardens, and the whole development was close to the pollution of the neighbouring industries. In that respect, it resembled the terraced properties in the surrounding areas, many of which were condemned as slums in later years. By the 1970s the Village was also considered by Stretford Council to be a slum area, and unsuitable for residential housing. In the first phase of clearance, in the mid-1970s, 298 houses were demolished. A further 325 houses were demolished in the early 1980s, leaving only the largest 84 houses remaining. [28]

Landmarks

The main entrance to the Imperial War Museum North
The main entrance to the Imperial War Museum North

The Imperial War Museum North, opened on 5 July 2002, is in Trafford Wharf, on the southern edge of the ship canal looking over towards Salford Quays. The Imperial War Museum North is a War museum at The Quays Trafford Wharf Trafford Park, Greater Manchester M17 1TZ England, a part of Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Salford Quays is an area of Salford, in Greater Manchester, England, near the end of the Manchester Ship Canal. It was designed by Daniel Libeskind, and is an example of deconstructivist architecture. Daniel Libeskind, (born May 12 1946 in Łódź, Poland) is an American Architect, Artist, and Set designer of Deconstructivism in architecture also called deconstruction, is a development of Postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s The building consists of three interlocking sections: the air shard, the earth shard, and the water shard, representing a world torn apart by conflict. The air shard is 180 feet (55 m) in height, and has a gallery level offering views across Salford and the Quays towards Manchester city centre. Salford lies at the heart of the City of Salford, a Metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, in North West England. Manchester City Centre is the Central business district of both Manchester and Greater Manchester, in North West England. The museum houses two extensive exhibition spaces. The largest is dedicated to the permanent exhibition covering conflicts from 1900 to the present day; the second space is used for special exhibitions.

What remains of Trafford Park's boating lake, now the Trafford Ecology Park
What remains of Trafford Park's boating lake, now the Trafford Ecology Park

Trafford Ecology Park

The 11-acre (4. 5 ha) Trafford Ecology Park is what remains of Trafford Park's ornamental boating lake. Boating continued on the lake until the 1930s, but by then its water had become polluted by asbestos and oil seepage from the neighbouring Anglo American Oil depot. During the Second World War the site was used as a tip for foundry waste. In 1974, Esso bought the land and levelled and partly seeded it, to improve the frontage to its own site. Trafford council bought the land from Esso in 1983, for £50,000. Government spending restrictions delayed the restoration and conversion of the park, so it was not fully opened to the public until 1990. [29]

The present lake is about one-third of its original size. Although relatively small, the park supports a wide variety of wildlife, including foxes, weasels, rabbits, hedgehogs, lapwings, kestrels, herons, coot, Canada Geese, and several varieties of newt. [29] In 2007, the park was designated a Local Nature Reserve, one of only two in Trafford. A Local Nature Reserve or LNR is a Statutory designation made under Section 21 of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 by principal [30]

Transport

At the end of the 19th century, there were no public transport routes in, or running close to, Trafford Park. Its size meant that the Estates Company was obliged to provide some means of travelling around the park, and so a gas-powered tramway was commissioned, with the intention that the track could be used both for carrying people and freight. The first tram ran on 23 July 1897, but after a few days of operation there was an accident in which a tramcar was derailed, and the service was suspended until the following year. Events 1632 - Three hundred colonists bound for New France depart from Dieppe France. Year 1897 ( MDCCCXCVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common A separate electric tramway was installed in 1903, but the gas trams continued to run until 1908, when they were replaced by steam locomotives. Additional railway lines were soon built in the park, and linked to the Manchester Ship Canal's railway system. The Trafford Park Company was set up in 1904, as a result of the Trafford Park Act of that year, with responsibility for all of the park's roads and railways. The railway network could then be extended as required, without the need to seek additional permissions from Parliament. [31] At its peak, the estate's railway network covered 26 route miles (42 km), handling about 2. 5 million tons (2. 54 million t) of cargo in 1940. This article is about the tonne or metric ton For other tons see Ton. Like the rest of the park though, it fell into decline during the 1960s, exacerbated by the increasing use of road transport, and it was closed in 1998. [32]

Manchester's first aerodrome was on a site between Trafford Park Road, Mosley Road, and Ashburton Road. Trafford Park Aerodrome (Manchester was the first purpose-built airfield in the Manchester area The first plane landed there on 7 July 1911, flown from Liverpool by Henry G. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Liverpool ( is a City and Metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary Melly. [33] The aerodrome continued to be used until the early years of the First World War, and possibly until 1918,[34] when it was replaced by the Alexandra Park Aerodrome. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Alexandra Park Aerodrome was the second purpose-built Aerodrome in the Manchester area Today, Tenax Road runs north–south through the centre of the site.

See also

References

Notes

  1. ^ a b Salford Quays & Trafford Park. Trafford Park railway station is in the north of Stretford in the Trafford metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester in the north west The Trafford Park Development Corporation was established in 1987 to develop land in Trafford and Salford. Manchester Investment and Development Agency Service Ltd. Retrieved on 2007-07-03. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium.
  2. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  xiii.
  3. ^ a b c Trafford Ecology Park. Trafford Council. Retrieved on 2007-08-07. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 322 BC - Battle of Crannon between Athens and Macedon following the death of Alexander the Great.
  4. ^ Thornber, Craig. The Trafford Family. Cheshire Antiquities. Retrieved on 2008-02-06. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats the combined army of Pompeian followers and Numidians under Metellus Scipio
  5. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  9.
  6. ^ Park House Farm, Trafford Park. Trafford Metropolitan Borough Council. Retrieved on 2007-07-20. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1304 - Wars of Scottish Independence: Fall of Stirling Castle - King Edward I of England takes the last rebel stronghold
  7. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  10.
  8. ^ The Arrival of the Manchester Ship Canal. The Transport Archive. Retrieved on 2007-08-05. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia.
  9. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  13.
  10. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  16.
  11. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  24.
  12. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  29, 42.
  13. ^ History. The Manchester Golf Club. Retrieved on 2007-08-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.
  14. ^ Stratton and Trinder. Industrial England, p.  88.
  15. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First 100 Years, pp.  63–65.
  16. ^ a b Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First 100 Years, pp.  103–104.
  17. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, pp.  99–100.
  18. ^ Nevell (1997), The Archaeology of Trafford, pp.  130–133.
  19. ^ Stratton and Trinder, Industrial England, p.  117.
  20. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  118.
  21. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  123.
  22. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  49.
  23. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  35.
  24. ^ Stretford and Urmston constituency election results. Guardian. co. uk. Retrieved on 2007-08-04. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans.
  25. ^ Trafford Park, United Kingdom. Global Gazetteer, Version 2. 1. Falling Rain Genomics, Inc. Retrieved on 2007-07-02. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival
  26. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, pp.  38–40.
  27. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, p.  40.
  28. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, pp.  130–132.
  29. ^ a b Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, pp.  143–147.
  30. ^ Ecology park wins accolade. This is Cheshire. Newsquest Media Group (2007-01-12). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Retrieved on 2008-05-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen
  31. ^ The Start of a New Era. The Transport Archive. Retrieved on 2007-08-08. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula.
  32. ^ Nicholls, Curiosities of Greater Manchester, p.  84.
  33. ^ Hayes (1994), p.  26.
  34. ^ Nicholls, Trafford Park: The First Hundred Years, pp.  61–63.

Bibliography

External links

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