City of Toronto
Flag Coat of arms
Nickname: T.O., Hogtown, The Big Smoke, Toronto the Good, T-Dot
Motto: Diversity Our Strength
Location of Toronto and its census metropolitan area in the province of Ontario
Coordinates: 43°39′N 79°23′W / 43.65, -79.383
Country	Canada
Province	Ontario
Districts	East York Etobicoke North York Old Toronto Scarborough York
Established	August 27, 1793
Incorporated	March 6, 1834
Amalgamated	January 1, 1998
Government
- Mayor	David Miller
- Council	Toronto City Council
- MPs	List of MPs Carolyn Bennett John Cannis Olivia Chow Roy Cullen Ken Dryden John Godfrey Michael Ignatieff Jim Karygiannis Jack Layton Derek Lee John McKay Dan McTeague Maria Minna Peggy Nash Jim Peterson Yasmin Ratansi Judy Sgro Mario Silva Alan Tonks Joe Volpe Tom Wappel Borys Wrzesnewskyj one vacant pending byelection
- MPPs	List of MPPs Bas Balkissoon Lorenzo Berardinetti Laurel Broten Michael Bryant Donna Cansfield David Caplan Mary Anne Chambers Mike Colle Paul Ferreira Cheri DiNovo Brad Duguid Monte Kwinter Rosario Marchese Gerry Phillips Michael Prue Shafiq Qaadri Tony Ruprecht Mario Sergio George Smitherman Peter Tabuns Kathleen Wynne David Zimmer
Area [1][2]
- City	630 km² (243. The Flag of the City of Toronto was originally the flag of the old City of Toronto. The Coat of Arms of Toronto Ontario, Canada were designed by the Chief Herald of Canada, Mr A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. The name Toronto has a rich history which is distinct from the history of the city itself. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to East York was formerly a semi-autonomous Borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto before East North York forms the central part of the northern half of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Old City of Toronto refers to the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as it existed before the " Scarborough (ˈskɑrˌbəroʊ ( 2001 Census 593297 is the area that forms the eastern part of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada York is a community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate city it was one of six municipalities Events 479 BC - Greco-Persian Wars: Persian forces led by Mardonius are routed by Pausanias, the Spartan Year 1793 ( MDCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to cities, counties, Towns Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) This is a list of Mayors of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1834-1857 and again from 1867-1873 Toronto mayors were not elected directly by David Raymond Miller (born December 26, 1958) is a Canadian politician The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The 39th Canadian Parliament was in session from April 3 2006 until September 7 2008 Carolyn A Bennett, PC, MP (born December 20, 1950 in Toronto, Ontario) is the Member of Parliament for John Cannis (born November 4, 1951) is a member of the House of Commons in Canada. Olivia Chow ( born March 24, 1957, in Hong Kong) is a New Democratic Party Member of Parliament and former city councillor Roy Cullen, PC, MP (born December 31, 1944, in Montreal Quebec) is a Liberal Party of Canada Member of Parliament Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Dryden, PC, MP (born August 8, 1947 is a Canadian politician lawyer businessman author and former NHL John Ferguson Godfrey, PC, (born December 19, 1942) is a Canadian educator journalist and former Member of Parliament Michael Grant Ignatieff, MP (/ɪgˈnatʃəf/ (born May 12, 1947 in Toronto) is a Public intellectual, Historian, James "Jim" Karygiannis, PC, MP (born May 2, 1955, in a refugee settlement in Athens, Greece) is a John Gilbert "Jack" Layton PC MP (born July 18, 1950) is a social democratic Canadian Politician Derek Lee may refer to Derek Lee (baseball, a former Major League Baseball player John Norman McKay, PC MP (born March 21, 1948) is a lawyer and a Liberal Canadian politician Daniel P "Dan" McTeague, PC, MP, BA (Hons (born October 16, 1962 in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is the Maria Minna, PC, MP (born March 14, 1948, Pofi, Italy) is a Canadian Politician who represents the Toronto Peggy A Nash (born June 28, 1951 in Toronto) is a federal Canadian politician with the New Democratic Party. James Scott "Jim" Peterson PC, (born July 30, 1941) is a retired Canadian Politician and former Yasmin Ratansi (born January 4, 1951) is the Canadian MP ( Member of parliament) who represents the riding of Don Valley Judy Sgro, PC, MP (born December 16, 1944, Moncton New Brunswick) is a Canadian Politician, a member of Mario Silva, MP (born June 11, 1966) is a Canadian politician and is the first and only MP of Portuguese origin in the Canadian Parliament Alan Tonks (born April 2, 1943 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian politician and was the final Metro Toronto Chairman This article is about the Canadian politician For information about the opera manager see Joseph Volpe (opera manager. Thomas William "Tom" Wappel, MP (born February 9, 1950) is a Canadian politician Borys Wrzesnewskyj (pronounced ˌrɛzˈnɛfski / Rez-NEV-skee born November 10, 1960) is a Canadian politician who represents the riding of Etobicoke A Member of Provincial Parliament (MPP is an elected member of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Ontario, Canada. Bas Balkissoon (born ca 1952 is a politician in Toronto, Canada. Lorenzo Berardinetti is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. He is currently the member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario for Scarborough Laurel C Broten is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. She is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the Michael J Bryant (born 1966 in Victoria, British Columbia) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. Donna H Cansfield MPP is Politician in Ontario, Canada, who has represented the riding of Etobicoke Centre in the Legislative David Caplan (born November 15, 1964) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. Mary Anne Veronica Chambers (b September 8, 1950) was a politician in Ontario, Canada. Michael (Mike Colle (born February 1, 1945 in Foggia, Italy) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. Paul Ferreira (born January 7, 1973 in the Azores) is a Canadian Social democratic Politician and one of the first Cheri DiNovo, MPP, is a Canadian Social democratic politician Brad Duguid is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding of Monte Kwinter (born March 22, 1931 in Toronto, Ontario) is a politician in Ontario Canada. Rosario Marchese (born 1952 in Calabria, Italy) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. Gerry Phillips (born September 11, 1940 in London, Ontario) is a Politician in Ontario Canada. Michael D Prue (born July 14, 1948 in Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian politician who represents the riding of Beaches—East Shafiq Qaadri is a family doctor and politician in Ontario, Canada. Tony Ruprecht (born December 12, 1942 in Konstantinow, Poland) is a politician in Ontario, Canada. Mário Sérgio is a given name may refer to Mário Sérgio Pontes de Paiva (born 1950 former Brazilian international footballer George Smitherman MPP (born 1964) is a Canadian politician who represents the provincial riding Peter Tabuns (born October 3, 1951) is a Canadian Politician. Kathleen Wynne is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. She is currently a member of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, representing the riding David Zimmer (born in April 7, 1944 in Kitchener Ontario) is a Politician in Ontario, Canada. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 2 sq mi)
- Urban	1,749 km² (675. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 3 sq mi)
- Metro	7,125 km² (2,751 sq mi)
Elevation	76 m (249 ft)
Population (2006)[1][2]
- City	2,503,281
- Density	3,972/km² (10,287. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 4/sq mi)
- Urban	4,753,120
- Metro	5,555,912
- Demonym	Torontonian
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
- Summer (DST)	EDT (UTC-4)
Postal code span	M
Area code(s)	(416) and (647)
NTS Map	030M11
GNBC Code	FEUZB
Website: toronto.ca

Toronto (IPA: /təˈrɒntoʊ/, colloquially pronounced [ˈtrɑnoʊ] or [təˈɹɑnoʊ]) is the largest city in Canada^[3] and is the provincial capital of Ontario. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−5 is the Time offset used in the North American Eastern Time Zone during Standard time and in the North American Central Time Zone during Daylight saving time ( DST The Eastern Time Zone ( ET) of the Western Hemisphere falls mostly along the east coast of North America and the west coast of South America UTC−4 is the Time offset used in the Atlantic Standard Time Zone in Canada in winter and the North American Eastern Time Zone during Metropolitan Toronto - 102 FSAs Note There are no rural FSAs in Toronto hence no postal codes start with M0 A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Area code 416 is one of the original 86 area codes from 1947, and currently serves the single rate centre of Toronto, Ontario. The National Topographic System or NTS (Système national de référence cartographique is the topographic system used by Canada for providing general Geographical Names Board of Canada is a national committee of the Canadian Government Department of National Resources which authorizes the names used on official The name Toronto has a rich history which is distinct from the history of the city itself. The table below lists the 100 largest municipalities in Canada by population, using data from the Canada 2006 census for Census subdivisions This list Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The provinces and territories of Canada combine to make up the world's second largest country in total area. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec ^[4] It is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. With over 2. 5 million residents, it is the fifth-most populous municipality in North America. ^[5] Toronto is at the heart of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA), and is part of a densely-populated region in south-central Ontario known as the Golden Horseshoe which is home to 8. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. As far as I know the Golden Horseshoe is ancient history and this page should be renamed (or forwarded to to Greater Golden Horseshoe now that Statistics Canada is (finally using the same 1 million residents. ^[6][7][8] The census metropolitan area (CMA) had a population of 5,113,149,^[1] and the Greater Toronto Area had a population of 5,555,912 in the 2006 Census. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population ^[7]

As Canada's economic capital, Toronto is considered a global city^[9] and is one of the top financial cities in the world. ^[10] Toronto's leading economic sectors include finance, business services, telecommunications, aerospace, transportation, media, arts, film, television production, publishing, software production, medical research, education, tourism and sports industries. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated This article is about the field of research and industry for the corporation see The Aerospace Corporation Aerospace comprises the Transport or transportation is the movement of people and goods from one place to another "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" The arts is a broad subdivision of Culture, composed of many expressive disciplines. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) in general simply known as medical research, is the Basic research or Applied research conducted Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively ^[11][12][13] The Toronto Stock Exchange, the world's seventh largest, is headquartered in the city, along with a majority of Canada's corporations. ^[11]

Toronto's population is cosmopolitan and international,^[14][15] reflecting its role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. Cosmopolitanism is the idea that all of humanity belongs to a single Moral community. International or internationally most often describes interaction between Nations or encompassing two or more nations constituting a group or association having Immigration to Canada is the process by which people migrate to Canada and become nationals of the country ^[16] Toronto is one of the world's most diverse cities by percentage of non-native-born residents, as about 49 percent of the population were born outside of Canada. ^[14][15][17] Because of the city's low crime rates,^[18] clean environment, generally high standard of living, and friendlier attitudes to diversity, Toronto is consistently rated as one of the world's most livable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit^[19] and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey. The Economist Intelligence Unit ( EIU) is part of The Economist Group. ^[20] In addition, Toronto was ranked as the most expensive Canadian city in which to live in 2006. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[21]

Residents of Toronto are called Torontonians. This is a list of notable people who are from Toronto, Ontario, or have spent a large part or formative part of their career in that city

History

Main article: History of Toronto

Further information: Name of Toronto

When Europeans first arrived at the site of present-day Toronto, the vicinity was inhabited by the Huron tribes, who by then had displaced the Iroquois tribes that occupied the region for centuries before c. The Toronto area was home to a number of First Nations groups who lived on the shore of Lake Ontario. The name Toronto has a rich history which is distinct from the history of the city itself. "Huron" redirects here For other uses see Huron (disambiguation. The Iroquois Confederacy (also known as the "League of Peace and Power" the "Five Nations" the "Six Nations" or the "People of the Longhouse 1500. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto, meaning "place where trees stand in the water". ^[22] It refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. Lake Simcoe is a Lake in southern Ontario, Canada, the twelfth-largest lake in the province A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, the Toronto Carrying-Place Trail, led to widespread use of the name. Portage refers to the practice of carrying a Canoe or other Boat over land to avoid an obstacle on the water route (such as Rapids or a Waterfall Lake Huron, bounded on the west by the US state of Michigan, and on the east by the province of Ontario, Canada, is one of the five Great The Toronto Carrying-Place Trail, also known as the Humber Portage and the Toronto Passage, was a major Portage route in Ontario, Canada linking

Map of Toronto, 1894

French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Fort Rouillé was a French Trading post located in Toronto Ontario, which was established around 1750 but abandoned in 1759 Exhibition Place is a mixed-use property on the Toronto shore of Lake Ontario, a few kilometers west of the central business district ^[23] During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the unsettled lands north of Lake Ontario. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The name United Empire Loyalists is a honorific name which has been given after the fact to those American Loyalists who resettled in British North America and other In 1787, the British negotiated the Toronto Purchase with the Mississaugas of New Credit, thereby securing more than a quarter million acres (1000 km²) of land in the Toronto area. The Toronto Purchase was an agreement between the British crown and the Mississaugas of New Credit in 1787. The Mississaugas are a subtribe of the Anishinaabe First Nations people located in southern Ontario, Canada, closely related to the Ojibwa ^[24]

In 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the existing settlement, naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Lieutenant-General John Graves Simcoe ( February 25, 1752 &ndash October 26, 1806) was the first Lieutenant governor of Upper York was the name of Toronto, Ontario, between 1793 and 1834 and second capital of Upper Canada. The Prince Frederick Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus 16 August 1763 – 5 January 1827) was a member of the Hanoverian Simcoe chose the town to replace Newark as the capital of Upper Canada, believing the new site would be less vulnerable to attack by the Americans. The Province of Upper Canada (French Province du Haut-Canada) was a British colony located in what is now the southern portion of the Province of Ontario The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[25] Fort York was constructed at the entrance of the town's natural harbour, sheltered by a long sand-bar peninsula. Fort York National Historic Site is a historic site of military fortifications and related buildings on the west side of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada The town's settlement formed at the eastern end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day Parliament Street and Front Street. Front Street is an east-west road in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the town's capture and plunder by American forces. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Battle of York was a battle of the War of 1812 fought on April 27 1813 at York Upper Canada, which was later to become Toronto Ontario. ^[26] The surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. John Strachan ( April 12, 1778 &ndash November 1, 1867) was an influential figure in Upper Canada and the first Anglican American soldiers destroyed much of Fort York and set fire on the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation.

York was incorporated as the City of Toronto on March 6, 1834, reverting to its original native name. Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Year 1834 ( MDCCCXXXIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The population of only 9,000 included escaped African American slaves fleeing Black Codes in some states. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa ^[27] Slavery was banned outright in Upper Canada in 1834. Slavery in Canada was practiced for millennia by aboriginal nations, who routinely captured slaves from neighbouring tribes Reformist politician William Lyon Mackenzie became the first Mayor of Toronto, and led the unsuccessful Upper Canada Rebellion of 1837 against the British colonial government. William Lyon Mackenzie ( March 12, 1795 &ndash August 28, 1861) was a Canadian Journalist, Politician, and The Upper Canada Rebellion was along with the Lower Canada Rebellion in Lower Canada, a rebellion against the British colonial government in 1837 and 1838 The city grew rapidly through the remainder of the 19th century, as a major destination for immigrants to Canada. The first significant population influx occurred with the Great Irish Famine between 1846 and 1849 that brought a large number of Irish into the city, some of them transient and most of them Catholic. By 1851, the Irish-born population had become the largest single ethnic group in the city. Smaller numbers of Protestant Irish immigrants were welcomed by the existing Scottish and English population, giving the Orange Order significant influence over Toronto society. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. The Orange Institution, more commonly known as the Orange Order or the Orange Lodge, is a Protestant fraternal organisation based predominantly

Toronto was twice for brief periods the capital of the united Province of Canada first from 1849-1852, following unrest in Montreal, and later 1856-1858 after which Quebec became capital until 1866 (one year prior to Confederation); since then, the capital has been Ottawa. The Province of Canada or the United Province of Canada was a British colony in North America from 1841 to 1867 Canadian Confederation was the process by which the federal Dominion of Canada was formed beginning 1 July 1867 from the Ottawa (ˈɒtəwə or sometimes /ˈɒtəwɑː/ is the Capital of Canada and the country's fourth largest municipality. ^[28] As it had been for Upper Canada from 1793, Toronto became the capital of the province of Ontario after its official creation in 1867 and has remained so since with the Ontario Legislature located at Queen's Park. Because of its capital status, the city was also the location of Government House, the residence of the vice-regal representative of the Crown. Government House of Ontario was the Official residence of the province's Lieutenant Governor. A viceroy is a royal official who governs a country or province in the name of and as representative of the Monarch. TalkCommonewalth realm.-->The monarchy of

Toronto Harbour, 1919. Toronto Harbour is a bay on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In the foreground is the Harbour Commission headquarters at the end of a pier; nowadays it is about 500 m from the harbour. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International Union Station can also be seen under construction.

A view of Queen Street from Old City Hall, 1920

In the 19th century, an extensive sewage system was built, and streets became illuminated with gas lighting as a regular service. Queen Street West describes both the western branch of Queen Street, a major east-west thoroughfare and a series of neighbourhoods or commercial districts situated west Toronto 's Old City Hall was home to its city council from 1899 to 1966 and remains one of the city's most prominent structures Gas lighting refers to a technology used to produce light from gas usually methane but also including hydrogen and ethylene Long-distance railway lines were constructed, including a route completed in 1854 linking Toronto with the Upper Great Lakes. The Grand Trunk Railway and the Northern Railway of Canada joined in the building of the first Union Station in downtown. The Grand Trunk Railway (GTR was a railway system which operated in the Canadian provinces of Quebec and Ontario, as well as the American The Northern Railway of Canada was a historical Canadian Railway located in the province of Ontario. Toronto ’s first Union Station was built by the Grand Trunk Railway in 1858 at a location just west of the present Union Station trainshed The advent of the railway dramatically increased the numbers of immigrants arriving and commerce, as had the Lake Ontario steamers and schooners entering the port and enabled Toronto to become a major gateway linking the world to the interior of the North American continent. Horse-drawn streetcars gave way to electric streetcars in 1891, when the city granted the operation of the transit franchise to the Toronto Railway Company. The public transit system passed into public ownership in 1921 as the Toronto Transportation Commission, later renamed the Toronto Transit Commission. The Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC) is a Public transport authority that operates Buses streetcars, subways and Rapid transit The system now has the third-highest ridership of any city public transportation system in North America. ^[29]

In 1954, the City of Toronto was federated into a regional government known as Metropolitan Toronto. A Regional Municipality (or Region) is a type of Canadian Municipal Government similar to and at the same municipal government level as The Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto was the senior level of Municipal government in the Toronto, Ontario, Canada, area from 1954 to ^[30] The postwar boom had resulted in rapid suburban development, and it was believed that a coordinated land use strategy and shared services would provide greater efficiency for the region. The metropolitan government began to manage services that crossed municipal boundaries, including highways, water and public transit. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Before adding any more images to this * * page please do carefully consider * * whether they would be mere decoration * * or actually improve In 1967, the seven smallest municipalities of the region were merged into their larger neighbours, resulting in a six-municipality configuration that included the old City of Toronto and the surrounding municipalities of East York, Etobicoke, North York, Scarborough and York. Old City of Toronto refers to the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as it existed before the " East York was formerly a semi-autonomous Borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto before East North York forms the central part of the northern half of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Scarborough (ˈskɑrˌbəroʊ ( 2001 Census 593297 is the area that forms the eastern part of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada York is a community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate city it was one of six municipalities In 1998, the metropolitan government was dissolved and the six municipalities were amalgamated into a single municipality, creating the current City of Toronto, where David Miller is the current Mayor. Joining two or more political units such as municipalities, counties, or cities into one entity is referred to as amalgamation when the process occurs David Raymond Miller (born December 26, 1958) is a Canadian politician

The Great Toronto Fire of 1904 destroyed a large section of downtown Toronto, but the city was quickly rebuilt. The Great Toronto Fire of 1904 was a Fire that destroyed a large section of downtown Toronto Ontario, Canada on April 19, 1904 The fire had cost more than $10 million in damage, and led to more stringent fire safety laws and the expansion of the city's fire department.

Subway construction on Yonge Street, 1949

The city received new immigrant groups beginning in the late 19th century into early 20th century, particularly Germans, Italians, and Jews from various parts of Eastern Europe. The Toronto subway and RT is the main Rapid transit (RT railway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada operated by the Toronto Yonge Street (pronounced "young" is a major arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and its northern Suburbs It was formerly The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. They were soon followed by Chinese, Russians, Poles and immigrants from other Eastern European nations, as the Irish before them, many of these new migrants lived in overcrowded shanty type slums, such as the "the Ward" which was between Bay Street, now the heart of the country's finances. The term Chinese people may refer to any of the following A person who resides in and holds citizenship of the People's Republic of China (including Hong The Russian people (Русские— Russkie) are an East Slavic Ethnic group, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries The Polish people, or Poles, (Polacy) are a Western Slavic Ethnic group of Central Europe, living predominantly in Poland. Eastern Europe is a general term that refers to the Geopolitical region encompassing the easternmost part of the European continent. The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate Bay Street is a street in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the centre of Toronto's financial district and is often used by Despite its fast paced growth, by the 1920s, Toronto's population and economic importance in Canada remained second to the much longer established Montreal. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec However, by 1934 the Toronto Stock Exchange had become the largest in the country.

Following the Second World War, refugees from war-torn Europe and Chinese job-seekers arrived. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including So too did construction labourers, particularly from Italy and Portugal. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Following elimination of racially based immigration policies by the late 1960s, immigration began from all parts of the world. Immigration refers to the movement of people among countries While the movement of people has existed throughout human history at various levels modern immigration implies long-term Toronto's population grew to more than one million in 1951 when large-scale suburbanization began, and doubled to two million by 1971. Suburbanization (or suburbanisation) is a term used to describe the process of population movement from within towns and cities to the rural-urban fringe By the 1980s, Toronto had surpassed Montreal as Canada's most populous city and the chief economic hub. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec During this time, in part due to the political uncertainty raised by the resurgence of the Quebec sovereignty movement, many national and multinational corporations moved their head offices from Montreal to Toronto and other western Canadian cities. The Quebec sovereignty movement ( Mouvement souverainiste du Québec) is a political movement aimed at either attaining independent statehood ( Sovereignty) or some Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec ^[31]

Geography

A simulated-colour image of Toronto taken by NASA's Landsat 7 satellite from 1985. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA, ˈnæsə is an agency of the United States government, responsible for the nation's public space program Landsat 7, launched on April 15, 1999, is the latest satellite of the Landsat program. Yonge Street can clearly be seen bisecting the city just right of centre in the image, the other prominent road, running east-west, is Highway 401. Yonge Street (pronounced "young" is a major arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and its northern Suburbs It was formerly

Main article: Geography and climate of Toronto

Toronto covers an area of 630 square kilometres (243 sq mi),^[32] with a maximum north-south distance of 21 kilometres (13 mi) and a maximum east-west distance of 43 km (27 mi). The City of Toronto, Canada, covers an area of 630 km² (243 square miles and is bounded by Lake Ontario to the south Etobicoke Creek and Highway It has a 46-kilometre (29 mi) long waterfront shoreline, on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. The Toronto waterfront is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the City of Toronto, Ontario in Canada. ^[33] Its borders are formed by Lake Ontario to the south, Etobicoke Creek and Highway 427 to the west, Steeles Avenue to the north and the Rouge River to the east. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America. Etobicoke Creek (ɛˈtoʊbɨkoʊ) is one of the many creeks running through Toronto, Ontario and the Toronto Area into Lake Ontario The King's Highway 427 is a 400-Series Highway in the Greater Toronto Area of Ontario, Canada, that runs from immediately south of the Queen Steeles Avenue is an east-west street that forms the northern city limit of Toronto and the southern limit of York Region, Ontario, Canada. The Rouge River is a two river system Little Rouge and Rouge River are in the east and the northeast parts of Toronto and begin at the Oak Ridges Moraine near

Topography

The city is intersected by two rivers and numerous tributaries: the Humber River in the west end and the Don River east of downtown at opposite ends of the Toronto Harbour. This article is about the river in Toronto Ontario Canada Links to other rivers of the same name can be found here. This article is about the river in Toronto Canada For other rivers with the same name see Don River (disambiguation. Toronto Harbour is a bay on the north shore of Lake Ontario, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The harbour was naturally created by sediment build-up from lake currents that created the Toronto Islands. The Toronto Islands are a chain of small Islands in Lake Ontario. The many creeks and rivers cutting from north toward the lake created large tracts of densely-forested ravines, and provide ideal sites for parks and recreational trails. The Toronto ravine system is one of the most distinctive features of the geography of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. However, the ravines also interfere with the city's grid plan, and this results in major thoroughfares such as Finch Avenue, Leslie Street, Lawrence Avenue, and St. Clair Avenue terminating on one side of ravines and continuing on the other side. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. Finch Avenue is a major east-west principal arterial road in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. St Clair Avenue is a major east-west street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Other thoroughfares such as the Bloor Street Viaduct are required to span above the ravines. The Prince Edward Viaduct System is the name of a Truss arch bridge system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada that connects Bloor Street These deep ravines prove useful for draining the city's vast storm sewer system during heavy rains but some sections, particularly near the Don River are prone to sudden, heavy floods. Storage tanks at waste treatment facilities will often receive too much river discharge causing them to overflow, allowing untreated sewage to escape into Lake Ontario closing local beaches for swimming.

During the last ice age, the lower part of Toronto was beneath Glacial Lake Iroquois. An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the Temperature of the Earth 's surface and atmosphere resulting in an expansion of continental Ice sheets Glacial Lake Iroquois was a prehistoric Proglacial lake that existed at the end of the last Ice age approximately 13000 years ago Today, a series of escarpments mark the lake's former boundary, known as the Iroquois Shoreline. In Geomorphology, an escarpment is a transition zone between different physiogeographic provinces that involves a sharp steep Elevation differential characterized Iroquois Shoreline was the shore of the Glacial Lake Iroquois, now part of the current Lake Ontario. The escarpments are most prominent from Victoria Park Avenue to the mouth of Highland Creek, where they form the Scarborough Bluffs. Victoria Park Avenue is a major north-south route in eastern Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Highland Creek is a River in Scarborough, part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada that empties into Lake Ontario at The Scarborough Bluffs are an Escarpment in Scarborough Ontario along the shoreline of Lake Ontario. Other observable sections include the area near St. Clair Avenue West between Bathurst Street and the Don River, and north of Davenport Road from Caledonia to Spadina Avenue; the Casa Loma grounds sit above this escarpment. St Clair Avenue is a major east-west street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Bathurst Street is a north-south street in Toronto and York Region, Ontario, Canada. Casa Loma (Spanish for Hill House) is the former home of financier Sir Henry Mill Pellatt and a major tourist attraction in Toronto. Although not remarkably hilly, Toronto does have elevation differences ranging from 75 metres (246 ft) above-sea-level at the Lake Ontario shore to 270 m (886 ft) ASL near the York University grounds in the city's north end. York University (Université York is a public Research university located in Toronto, Ontario.

Much of the current lakeshore land area fronting the Toronto Harbour is actually artificial landfill. In the mid-19th century the lakefront was set back up to 1 kilometre (0. 6 mi) further inland than it is today. Much of the Toronto harbour (the quays, formerly known as wharves) and adjacent Portlands are also fill. The Toronto Islands were actually a landspit until a storm in 1858 severed its connection to the mainland, creating a channel later used by shipping interests to access the docks.

Climate

Late spring scene in High Park, in Toronto's west end

Mid-Winter scene at the intersection of Dundas Street and University Avenue

Toronto's climate is moderate for Canada due to its southerly location within the country and its proximity to Lake Ontario. High Park is the largest park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It spans 161 Hectares (398 Acres 1 Dundas Street may refer to Dundas Street in Scotland Dundas Street in Hong Kong Dundas Street (Toronto University Avenue is a major north-south road in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It has a humid continental climate (Koppen climate classification Dfa), with warm, humid summers and generally cold winters. The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems It was developed by Wladimir Köppen, a German climatologist The city experiences four distinct seasons with considerable variance in day to day temperature, particularly during the colder weather season. Due to urbanization and proximity to water, Toronto has a fairly low diurnal temperature range, at least in built-up city and lakeshore areas. At different times of the year, this maritime influence has various localized and regional impacts on the climate, including lake effect snow and delaying the onset of spring- and fall-like conditions or seasonal lag. Lake-effect snow is produced in the winter when cold Arctic winds move across long expanses of warmer lake water providing energy and picking up Water vapor which freezes Seasonal lag is the phenomenon whereby the date of maximum average air temperature at a geographical location on a Planet is delayed until some time after the date of maximum

Toronto winters sometimes feature short cold snaps where maximum temperatures remain below −10 °C (14 °F), often made to feel colder by wind chill. This page is for the movie "Wind Chill" For the term see Wind chill. Snowstorms, sometimes mixed with ice and rain can disrupt work and travel schedules, accumulating snow can fall anytime from November until mid-April. However, mild stretches also occur throughout winter melting accumulated snow, with temperatures reaching into the 5 to 14 °C (40 to 57 °F) range and infrequently higher. Summer in Toronto is characterized by long stretches of humid weather. Daytime temperatures occasionally surpass 35 °C (95 °F), with high humidity making it feel oppressive during usually brief periods of hot weather. Spring and Autumn are transitional seasons with generally mild or cool temperatures with alternating dry and wet periods.

Precipitation is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, but summer is usually the wettest season, the bulk falling during thunderstorms. There can be periods of dry weather, but drought-like conditions are rare. The average yearly precipitation is 83 cm (33 in), with an average annual snowfall of about 133 cm (52 in). Toronto experiences an average of 2,038 sunshine hours or 44% of possible, most of it during the warmer weather season. ^[34]

Cityscape

Panoramic view of downtown Toronto from Panorama Lounge in the Manulife Centre. Panorama Lounge & Restaurant is the highest outdoor Patio in Toronto, Canada. The Manulife Centre is located on the southeast corner of Bay and Bloor streets adjacent to the southern edge of the Yorkville district of Toronto Lake Ontario can be seen in the distance. Lake Ontario is one of the five Great Lakes of North America.

Architecture

Main article: Architecture in Toronto

See also: List of tallest buildings in Toronto, Doors Open Toronto, and List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto

The CN Tower viewed from Rogers Centre

According to some prominent residents of the city and some important architects who have designed buildings there, Toronto has no single dominant, architectural style. The architecture of Toronto is most marked by its being the financial and cultural capital of Canada. This list of tallest buildings in Toronto ranks Skyscrapers in the Canadian city of Toronto, Ontario by height Doors Open Toronto is an annual event held in the City of Toronto, Canada, that showcases many of the city's unique and historically significant buildings to 1794 to 1819 Most of the buildings of this period were made of wood The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation Lawrence Richards, a member of the faculty of architecture at the University of Toronto, has said "Toronto is a new, brash, rag-tag place—a big mix of periods and styles". Toronto buildings vary in design and age with some structures dating back to the mid 1800s, while other prominent buildings were just newly built in the 2000s.

Defining the Toronto skyline is the CN Tower. The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall At a height of 553. 33 metres (1,815 ft, 5 in) it is the world's second tallest^[35] freestanding structure, and the tallest tower in the western hemisphere surpassing Chicago's Sears Tower by 110 metres in height. Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. The Sears Tower, a Skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois, has been the tallest building in North America since 1973 It is an important telecommunications hub, and a centre of tourism in Toronto.

Toronto is a city of high-rises, having over 2,000 buildings over 90 metres (300 ft) in height, second only to New York (which has over 5,000 such buildings) in North America. ^[36] Most of these buildings are residential (either rental or condominium, where as the Central business district contains the taller commercial office towers). There has been recent media attention given for the need to retrofit many of these buildings, which were constructed beginning in the 1950s as residential apartment blocks to accommodate a quickly growing population. Many of the older buildings are shown to give off high concentrations of CO₂ and are thought to be a significant contributor to the urban heat island effect, in addition to the aesthetic concerns as many of the buildings are viewed by many as urban blights often surrounded by limited landscaping and concrete parking lots without integration with the surrounding neighbourhoods. Carbon dioxide ( Chemical formula:) is a Chemical compound composed of two Oxygen Atoms covalently bonded to a single An urban heat island ( UHI) is a metropolitan area which is significantly warmer than its surrounding rural areas

The Royal Ontario Museum. The Royal Ontario Museum, commonly known as the ROM, is a major Museum for world culture and Natural history in the city of Toronto Note the contrast between the historic, brown stone part of the building and the newer, sharp-edged steel and glass addition.

In contrast, Toronto has also begun to experience an architectural overhaul within the past five years. The Royal Ontario Museum, the Gardiner Museum, the Art Gallery of Ontario, and the Ontario College of Art and Design are just some of the many public art buildings that have undergone massive renovations. The Royal Ontario Museum, commonly known as the ROM, is a major Museum for world culture and Natural history in the city of Toronto The Gardiner Museum is the only museum in Canada devoted exclusively to Ceramic art. The Art Gallery of Ontario ( AGO) is an Art museum on the eastern edge of Toronto 's downtown Chinatown district on Dundas The Ontario College of Art & Design (commonly referred to by its acronym OCAD) is Canada's largest and oldest University for art and design ^[37] The historic Distillery District, located on the eastern edge of downtown, is North America's largest and best preserved collection of Victorian era industrial architecture. The Distillery District is a historic and entertainment precinct located east of Downtown Toronto. It has been redeveloped into a pedestrian-oriented arts, culture and entertainment neighbourhood. Modern glass and steel highrises have begun to transform the majority of the downtown area as the condominium market has exploded and triggered widespread construction throughout the city's centre. Trump International Hotel and Tower, Ritz-Carlton, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts, Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts are just some of the many high rise luxury condominium-hotel projects currently under construction in the downtown core. Trump International Hotel & Tower Toronto is a mixed-use skyscraper currently under construction in Toronto, Canada. This article is about the hotel brand Ritz-Carlton Hotels for other uses please see Ritz (disambiguation Ritz-Carlton is a brand of luxury hotel Four Seasons Hotels Inc is a five-star Canadian -based international luxury Hotel chain The Shangri-La Hotels and Resorts () is a Hotel chain based in Hong Kong.

Neighbourhoods

See also: List of neighbourhoods in Toronto

The many residential communities of Toronto express a character distinct from that of the skyscrapers in the commercial core. Toronto, Ontario, Canada is called "the city of neighbourhoods" because of the strength and vitality of its many communities Victorian and Edwardian-era residential buildings can be found in enclaves such as Rosedale, Forest Hill, Cabbagetown, the Annex, the Bridle Path and Moore Park. Culture The Victorian fascination with novelty resulted in a deep interest in the relationship between modernity and cultural continuities Class and society Socially the Edwardian era was a period during which the British Class system was very rigid Rosedale is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located north of the downtown of Toronto and is one of its oldest suburbs Forest Hill is an affluent neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Cabbagetown is a neighbourhood located on the east side of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Annex is a neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Bridle Path is an upscale residential neighbourhood in former city of North York now part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is characterized Moore Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It lies along both sides of St

Wychwood Park is historically significant for the architecture of its homes, and for being one of Toronto's earliest planned communities. Wychwood Park is a neighbourhood enclave and former Gated community in Toronto, Canada. The Wychwood Park neighbourhood was designated as an Ontario Heritage Conservation district in 1985. The Casa Loma neighbourhood is named after Casa Loma, a castle built in 1911 that had an elevator, secret passages, and bowling alleys. Casa Loma is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto and is named after the famous castle. Casa Loma (Spanish for Hill House) is the former home of financier Sir Henry Mill Pellatt and a major tourist attraction in Toronto. Spadina House is a 19th century manor that is now a museum. Spadina House, also called Spadina Museum, is an historic manor on Spadina Road in Toronto, Canada that is now a museum operated by the A manor house or fortified manor-house is a Country house, which has historically formed the administrative centre of a manor (see Manorialism

The City of Toronto encompasses a geographical area formerly administered by six separate municipalities. These municipalities have each developed a distinct history and identity over the years, and their names remain in common use among Torontonians. Throughout the city there exist hundreds of small neighbourhoods and some larger neighbourhoods covering a few square kilometers. Former municipalities include East York, Etobicoke, North York, Old Toronto, Scarborough, and York. East York was formerly a semi-autonomous Borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto before East North York forms the central part of the northern half of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Old City of Toronto refers to the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as it existed before the " Scarborough (ˈskɑrˌbəroʊ ( 2001 Census 593297 is the area that forms the eastern part of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada York is a community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate city it was one of six municipalities

Row houses in urban Toronto

View of skyscrapers in the Financial District from the CN Tower

Old Toronto

The Old City of Toronto covers the area generally known as Downtown. In Architecture and City planning, a terrace(d or row house or townhouse (though the latter term can also refer to Patio houses The Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall Old City of Toronto refers to the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, as it existed before the " Downtown Toronto is the heart of the City of Toronto. It is approximately bounded by Bloor Street (including areas slightly north of Bloor around Yonge Street It is the historic core of Toronto and remains the most densely-populated part of the city. The Financial District contains the largest cluster of skyscrapers in Canada, including the First Canadian Place, Toronto Dominion Centre, Scotia Plaza, Royal Bank Plaza, Commerce Court and Brookfield Place. The Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core A skyscraper is a tall continuously habitable Building. There is no official definition or a precise cutoff height above which a building may clearly be classified as a skyscraper First Canadian Place is a Skyscraper in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto-Dominion Centre is a large cluster of buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Scotia Plaza is a commercial office complex in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Royal Bank Plaza in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is the de-facto headquarters of the Royal Bank of Canada. See also List of tallest buildings in Toronto Brookfield Place (formerly BCE Place) is an office complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, comprising the 2 From that point, the Toronto skyline extends northward along Yonge Street. Old Toronto is also home to many historically wealthy residential enclaves, such as Yorkville, Rosedale, The Annex, Forest Hill, Lawrence Park, Lytton Park, Moore Park, and Casa Loma, most stretching away from downtown to the north. Yorkville is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, well known for its shopping Rosedale is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located north of the downtown of Toronto and is one of its oldest suburbs The Annex is a neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Forest Hill is an affluent neighbourhood in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Lawrence Park is one of Toronto, Canada 's most affluent residential Neighbourhoods It is bordered originally by Yonge Street to the west Lytton Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario It is considered along with Lawrence Park, as one of the most affluent neighbourhoods in Toronto Moore Park is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It lies along both sides of St Casa Loma is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto and is named after the famous castle. These neighbourhoods generally feature upscale homes, luxury condominiums and high-end retail. At the same time, the downtown core vicinity includes neighbourhoods with a high proportion of recent immigrants and low-income families living in social housing and rental high-rises, such as St. James Town, Regent Park, Moss Park, Alexandra Park and Parkdale. A high-rise is a tall Building or structure Normally the function of the building is added for example high-rise Apartment building or St James Town (sometimes spelled St Jamestown) is a neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Alternate uses Regent's Park (disambiguation This article is about the neighbourhood in Toronto Ontario Canada Moss Park is a neighbourhood just east of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Alexandra Park is a Neighbourhood located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada consisting of private and Public housing. Parkdale is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, west of Downtown. East and west of Downtown, neighbourhoods such as Kensington Market, Leslieville, Cabbagetown and Riverdale are home to bustling commercial and cultural areas as well as vibrant communities of artists with studio lofts, with an increasing proportion of middle and upper class professionals that mix with the working poor or those on some form of government assistance. Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario. Leslieville is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada east of the Don River bounded by the Canadian National There are other uses for the term Riverdale. Riverdale is a large neighbourhood Other neighbourhoods in the central city retain an ethnic identity, including two Chinatowns, the popular Greektown area, the trendy Little Italy, Portugal Village, and Little India along with others. Toronto 's Chinatown (多倫多華埠 is an Ethnic enclave in Downtown Toronto with a high concentration of ethnic Chinese residents and businesses extending Greektown Toronto, also known as Greektown on the Danforth, or more simply The Danforth, is a Neighbourhood and Business Improvement Area (BIA of the Little Italy, sometimes referred to as College Street West or College and Clinton, is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Trinity-Bellwoods is a colourful inner city neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Gerrard Street is a street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of two separate parts one running east from University Avenue for 6 km

Inner suburbs

The inner suburbs are contained within the former municipalities of York and East York. York is a community in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Formerly a separate city it was one of six municipalities East York was formerly a semi-autonomous Borough within the overall municipality of Metropolitan Toronto before East These are mature and traditionally working class areas, primarily consisting of post-World War I small, single-family homes and small apartment blocks. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Neighbourhoods such as Crescent Town, Thorncliffe Park, Weston, and Oakwood-Vaughan mainly consist of high-rise apartments which are home to many new immigrant families. Crescent Town is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the former Borough of East York. Thorncliffe Park is a densely populated Multicultural neighbourhood in central east Toronto, Ontario, Canada, in the former Borough of Oakwood- Vaughan, also known simply as Oakwood, Oakwood Toronto redirects here --> is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario Recently, many neighbourhoods have become ethnically diverse and have undergone gentrification, as a result of increasing population and a housing boom during the late 1990s and 2000s. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class The first neighbourhoods affected were Leaside and North Toronto, gradually progressing into the western neighbourhoods in York. Leaside is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The area takes its name from William Lea and the Lea family who settled there in the North Toronto is the northern section of the old pre-amalgamation City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Some of the area's housing is in the process of being replaced or remodelled.

Outer suburbs

The outer suburbs comprising the former municipalities of Etobicoke, Scarborough and North York largely retain the grid plan laid before post-war development. Scarborough (ˈskɑrˌbəroʊ ( 2001 Census 593297 is the area that forms the eastern part of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada North York forms the central part of the northern half of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The grid plan or gridiron plan is a type of City plan in which Streets run at right angles to each other forming a grid. Sections were long established and quickly growing towns before the suburban housing boom began and the advent of Metro Government, such as Mimico, Newtonbrook and West Hill. For the station in the GO Transit system see Mimico GO Station. Newtonbrook is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In the nineteenth century it was a separate municipality West Hill is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the eastern end of the city in the former city of Scarborough. Suburban development grew quickly after the second war to include such upscale neighbourhoods as the Bridle Path in North York, the area surrounding the Scarborough Bluffs in Guildwood, and most of central Etobicoke, such as Humber Valley Village, and The Kingsway. The Bridle Path is an upscale residential neighbourhood in former city of North York now part of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that is characterized The Scarborough Bluffs are an Escarpment in Scarborough Ontario along the shoreline of Lake Ontario. Guildwood, often called "Guildwood Village" is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Edenbridge-Humber Valley is a neighbourhood located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Kingsway is an affluent residential neighbourhood of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. One of largest and earliest "planned communities" was Don Mills, parts of which were first built in the 1950s. Don Mills is a residential neighbourhood in Toronto, Canada, and claims to be the first " New town " planned and fully integrated post-war ^[38] Phased development mixing single-detached housing with higher density apartment blocks became more popular as a suburban model of development. To some this model has been copied in other GTA municipalities surrounding Toronto, albeit with less population density. More recently, North York Centre that runs along Yonge Street and the Scarborough City Centre have emerged as secondary business districts outside the downtown core. North York Centre is the name of the district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, surrounding the Toronto Transit Commission subway Yonge Street (pronounced "young" is a major arterial street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and its northern Suburbs It was formerly Scarborough City Centre is a small city centre in Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, one of the six municipalities amalgamated into the City High-rise development in these areas have given North York and Scarborough distinguishable skylines of their own and a more downtown feel with high-density transit corridors serving them.

Industrial

Historically, as Toronto sprawled out, industrial areas were set up on the outskirts. Over time, they would become part of the inner city as more land was developed further out. This trend would repeat itself, and continues to this day, as the largest factories and warehouses have moved to Peel and York Regions, and the vast majority of industrial areas are in the more suburban parts of the city; Etobicoke (particularly around the airport), North York, and Scarborough. Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest Thus, many of Toronto's former industrial sites have been redeveloped, most notably the Toronto waterfront, and Liberty Village. The Toronto waterfront is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the City of Toronto, Ontario in Canada. Liberty Village is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. One of Toronto's most unusual neighbourhoods, the Distillery District contains the largest and best-preserved collection of Victorian industrial architecture in North America. The Distillery District is a historic and entertainment precinct located east of Downtown Toronto. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era. A national heritage site, it was listed by National Geographic magazine as a "top pick" in Canada for travellers. Overview The NGS's historical mission is "to increase and diffuse geographic knowledge while promoting the conservation of the world's cultural historical and natural Similar areas that still retain their character, but are now largely residential are the Fashion District, Corktown, and parts of South Riverdale and Leslieville. The Fashion District is the name given to the area of Downtown Toronto around the intersection of Spadina Avenue and King Street. Corktown is an historic Old Town neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There are other uses for the term Riverdale. Riverdale is a large neighbourhood Leslieville is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada east of the Don River bounded by the Canadian National Toronto still has some active older industrial areas, such as the Brockton Village, and New Toronto areas. Brockton Village was a village located to the west of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, annexed in 1884 New Toronto is a neighbourhood near the southwest corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. In the west end of Old Toronto and York, the Weston/Mount Dennis and Junction areas have a sense of grit to them, as they still contain factories, but are mostly residential. Mount Dennis is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, bordered by the intersection of Jane Street and Weston Road to the north The Junction, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that derives its name from two native trails which intersected in the area prior to European

Yonge-Dundas Square, one of the busiest squares in the city

HTO Park, Toronto's first artificial urban beach

Public spaces

See also: List of Toronto parks

Toronto has a diverse array of public spaces, from city squares to public parks overlooking ravines. Yonge-Dundas Square (commonly called Dundas Square) is a public square in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. HTO is an Urban beach in Toronto, Canada, that opened in 2007 The following is a list of the parks in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto ravine system is one of the most distinctive features of the geography of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. There is even a group called the Toronto Public Space Committee, formed to protect the city's public spaces. Toronto Public Space Committee (TPSC is a Volunteer -run Non-profit organization located in Toronto Ontario, Canada that defends the city’s Nathan Phillips Square is the city's main square in downtown, and forms the entrance to City Hall. Nathan Phillips Square is a City square that forms the front (south entrance to Toronto City Hall or 'New City Hall' at Queen Street West and The City Hall of Toronto, Ontario, Canada is one of the most distinctive landmarks of the city Yonge-Dundas Square, a newer square not far from City Hall, has also gained attention in recent years as one of the busiest gathering spots in the city. Yonge-Dundas Square (commonly called Dundas Square) is a public square in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Other squares include Harbourfront Square, on the revitalized Toronto waterfront, and the civic squares at the former city halls of the defunct Metropolitan Toronto, most notably Mel Lastman Square in North York. Harbourfront Centre is a key cultural facility on Toronto, Ontario 's waterfront, situated at 235 Queen's Quay West The Toronto waterfront is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the City of Toronto, Ontario in Canada. Mel Lastman Square is a public square at North York Civic Centre in the North York community of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

There are many large downtown parks; Grange Park, Moss Park, Allan Gardens, Queen's Park, Riverdale Park, Trinity Bellwoods Park, and Christie Pits. Moss Park is a neighbourhood just east of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Allan Gardens is a park and indoor botanical garden in Toronto. Riverdale Park may refer to Riverdale Park California, a community in the United States Riverdale Park Maryland, a town in the United Trinity Bellwoods Park is located on the west side of downtown Toronto Ontario Canada, bordered by Queen Street West on the south and Dundas Street Christie Pits Park, originally Willowvale Park, is a Toronto public recreational area located at 750 Bloor Street West at Christie Street just The Toronto Islands have several acres of park space, accessible from downtown by ferry. The Toronto Islands are a chain of small Islands in Lake Ontario. Large parks in the outer areas include High Park, Humber Bay Park, Centennial Park, Downsview Park, Guildwood Park, and Rouge Park. High Park is the largest park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It spans 161 Hectares (398 Acres 1 Humber Bay Park is a waterfront park located in Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada. Downsview Park is a former Canadian Forces Base in Downsview, a neighbourhood in the north end of Toronto, Ontario, which is now Canada's Guild Inn is an historic hotel in Guildwood, a neighbourhood of Scarborough Ontario. Rouge Park is a large natural environment park in Canada's most urbanized area located in east Toronto and the large neighbouring town of Markham in York Region

Current projects

Nathan Phillips Square is currently undergoing a major redesign by PLANT Architect Inc. Nathan Phillips Square is a City square that forms the front (south entrance to Toronto City Hall or 'New City Hall' at Queen Street West and , Shore Tilbe Irwin & Partners, Peter Lindsay Schaudt Landscape Architecture Inc. , and Adrian Blackwell (winners of the International Design Competition in 2006/2007).

West 8, a Dutch architecture firm, won the Central Waterfront Innovative Design Competition in 2006 to redesign the central part of the Toronto waterfront. The Toronto waterfront is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the City of Toronto, Ontario in Canada. ^[39][40]

In 1999, Downsview Park initiated an international design competition to realize its vision of creating Canada's first national urban park. Downsview Park is a former Canadian Forces Base in Downsview, a neighbourhood in the north end of Toronto, Ontario, which is now Canada's An urban park, also known as a municipal park (North America or a public park or open space (United Kingdom is a Park in cities and other In May 2000, the winning park design was announced: "TREE CITY", by the team of Bruce Mau Design, Office for Metropolitan Architecture, Oleson Worland Architect and Inside/Outside.

Culture

Roy Thomson Hall, home of the Toronto Symphony Orchestra

Main article: Culture in Toronto

See also: Recreation in Toronto and Annual events in Toronto

Toronto is a major scene for theatre and other performing arts, with more than fifty ballet and dance companies, six opera companies, and two symphony orchestras. Roy Thomson Hall is a concert hall located at 60 Simcoe Street in Toronto, Ontario. The Toronto Symphony Orchestra is a Canadian Orchestra. 400000 people attend its live performances each year and it is often broadcast over CBC Radio 2 Toronto, Canada, is a city of many Museums, Theatres, events and Sports. Recreation in Toronto consists of a varied selection of activities and events throughout the city year-round Numerous festivals shows and exhibitions are held annually in Toronto. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one The performing arts are those forms of Art which differ from the Plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own Body, Face and presence The city is home to the National Ballet of Canada, the Canadian Opera Company, and the Toronto Symphony Orchestra. The National Ballet of Canada is Canada 's largest Ballet troupe The Canadian Opera Company (COC located in Toronto Ontario, is the largest opera company in Canada and the sixth largest in North America. The Toronto Symphony Orchestra is a Canadian Orchestra. 400000 people attend its live performances each year and it is often broadcast over CBC Radio 2 Notable performance venues include the Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts, Roy Thomson Hall, the Princess of Wales Theatre, the Royal Alexandra Theatre, Massey Hall, the Toronto Centre for the Arts, the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres and the Hummingbird Centre (formerly the "O'Keefe Centre"). The Four Seasons Centre for the Performing Arts is a 2071-seat Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada which had its grand opening Wednesday June Roy Thomson Hall is a concert hall located at 60 Simcoe Street in Toronto, Ontario. The Princess of Wales Theatre is a 2000-seat theatre located at 300 King Street West in the heart of Toronto's Entertainment District The Royal Alexandra Theatre is a Theatre in Toronto, Ontario, Canada located near King and Simcoe Streets Massey Hall, located at 178 Victoria Street downtown Toronto, was built in 1894 by architect Sidney Badgley and financed by Hart Massey of Massey-Harris The Toronto Centre for the Arts, previously known as the "Ford Centre for the Performing Arts" opened in 1993 as the " North York Performing Arts Centre" Winter Gardenjpg|right|thumb|200px|Interior of Winter Garden Theatre]]The Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres are a pair of stacked theatres in Toronto, Canada The Sony Centre for the Performing Arts is a major performing arts venue in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Ontario Place features the world's first permanent IMAX movie theatre, the Cinesphere,^[41] as well as the Molson Amphitheatre, an open-air venue for large-scale music concerts. Ontario Place is a multiple use entertainment and seasonal amusement park in Toronto, Ontario and owned by the Province of Ontario. IMAX (short for Image MAXimum is a Film format created by Canada 's IMAX Corporation that has the capacity to display images of far greater size and Cinesphere is the world's first permanent IMAX Theatre, built in 1971 Molson Amphitheatre (commonly called the Amphitheatre) is a semi-enclosed outdoor Concert venue in Toronto, Ontario. Each summer, the Canadian Stage Company presents an outdoor Shakespeare production in Toronto’s High Park called "Dream in High Park". The Canadian Stage Company is the largest contemporary theatre company in Canada. William Shakespeare ( baptised High Park is the largest park in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It spans 161 Hectares (398 Acres 1 Canada's Walk of Fame acknowledges the achievements of successful Canadians, with of a series of stars on designated blocks of sidewalks along King Street and Simcoe Street. Canada's Walk of Fame, Toronto, Ontario is a walk of fame that acknowledges the achievements and accomplishments of successful Canadians

The Distillery District is a pedestrian village containing boutiques, art galleries, restaurants, artist studios and small breweries, including the well-known Mill Street Brewery. The Distillery District is a historic and entertainment precinct located east of Downtown Toronto. A boutique, from the French word for "shop" is a small Shopping outlet especially one that specialises in elite and fashionable items such as Clothing Mill Street is a Canadian Brewery founded in 2002 by partners Michael Duggan Jeffrey Cooper and Steve Abrams in Toronto. A new theatre in the district, the Young Centre for the Performing Arts, is the home of the Soulpepper Theatre Company and the drama productions of nearby George Brown College. The Young Centre for the Performing Arts is a theatre in the Distillery District in downtown Toronto, Canada Soulpepper Theatre Company is a Toronto, Ontario -based theatre company dedicated to presenting classic plays George Brown College (GBC is a public fully-accredited College of Applied arts and technology with three full Campuses in downtown Toronto,

The production of domestic and foreign film and television is a major local industry. Many movie releases are screened in Toronto prior to wider release in North America. The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the most important annual events for the international film industry. The Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF) is a publicly-attended Film festival held each September in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Europe's largest film studio, Pinewood Studios Group of London, is scheduled to open a major new film studio complex in west-end Toronto, with five sound stages, with the first two to open by fall 2008. Pinewood Studios is a major British Film studio situated in Iver Heath, Buckinghamshire.

Toronto's Caribana festival takes place from mid-July to early August of every summer, and is one of North America's largest street festivals. Caribana is a festival of Caribbean culture and traditions held each summer in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ^[42] Primarily based on the Trinidad and Tobago Carnival, the first Caribana took place in 1967 when the city's Caribbean community celebrated Canada's Centennial year. The Trinidad and Tobago Carnival is celebrated two days before Ash Wednesday. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Canadian Centennial was a year long celebration held in 1967 when Canada celebrated the 100th anniversary of the Canadian Confederation. Forty years later, it has grown to attract one million people to Toronto's Lake Shore Boulevard annually. Lake Shore Boulevard is an east-west route running along most of Toronto 's waterfront Tourism for the festival is in the hundred thousands, and each year, the event generates about $300 million in revenue.

Pride Week in Toronto takes place in mid-June, and is one of the largest LGBT festivals in the world. Pride Week is an event held in Toronto, Canada, during the last week of June each year LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual One of the largest events in the city, it attracts more than one million people from around the world. Toronto is a major centre for gay and lesbian culture and entertainment, and the gay village is located in the Church and Wellesley area of Downtown. A gay village (also known as a gay neighborhood or by the slang gayborhood) is an urban geographic location with generally recognized boundaries Church and Wellesley is an LGBT-oriented community located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Toronto Eaton Centre, the largest shopping mall in the City of Toronto

Tourism

Main article: Attractions in Toronto

See also: Buildings and structures in Toronto

Toronto is currently ranked 14th in the world with over 4 million tourist arrivals a year. The Toronto Eaton Centre is a large Shopping mall and office complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario Canada, named after the now-defunct Eaton's A shopping mall or shopping centre is a building or set of buildings that contain Retail units with interconnecting Walkways enabling visitors Toronto, Ontario, Canada is known for its many attractions. Some of these attractions are notable worldwide ^[43] Toronto's most prominent landmark is the CN Tower, which stood as the tallest free-standing land structure in the world at 553 metres (1,815 ft). The CN Tower, located in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada, is a communications and tourist Tower standing tall To the surprise of its creators, the tower held the world record for over 30 years. WZMH Architects ( Formerly known as The Webb Zerafa Menkes Housden Partnership) is an Architecture company based in Toronto, Canada and Shanghai ^[44]

The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) is a major museum for world culture and natural history. The Royal Ontario Museum, commonly known as the ROM, is a major Museum for world culture and Natural history in the city of Toronto Cultures of the world is the aggregate of regional variations in culture both by Nation and Ethnic group and more broadly by larger regional variations Natural history is the Scientific research of Plants or Animals leaning more towards the Observational than Experimental methods The Toronto Zoo, one of the largest in the world,^[45][46] is home to over 5,000 animals representing over 460 distinct species. The Toronto Zoo is a Zoo located in the north eastern part of Toronto Ontario, Canada The Art Gallery of Ontario contains a large collection of Canadian, European, African and contemporary artwork. The Art Gallery of Ontario ( AGO) is an Art museum on the eastern edge of Toronto 's downtown Chinatown district on Dundas Contemporary art can be defined variously as art produced at this present point in time or art produced since World War II. The Gardiner Museum of ceramic art which is the only museum in Canada entirely devoted to ceramics and the Museum's collection contains more than 2,900 ceramic works from Asia, the Americas, and Europe. The Gardiner Museum is the only museum in Canada devoted exclusively to Ceramic art. The Ontario Science Centre always has new hands-on activities and science displays particularly appealing to children, and the Bata Shoe Museum also features many unique exhibitions. Ontario Science Centre (OSC is a Science museum in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, near the Don Valley Parkway about 11 km northeast of The Bata Shoe Museum, in downtown Toronto Canada, collects researches preserves exhibits and interprets Footwear from around the world The Don Valley Brick Works is a former industrial site, which opened in 1889, and has recently been restored as a park and heritage site. The Don Valley Brick Works is a former quarry and industrial site located in the Don River valley in Toronto Ontario. The Canadian National Exhibition is held annually at Exhibition Place, and it is the oldest annual fair in the world. Canadian National Exhibition ( CNE) aka The Ex, is an annual event held at Exhibition Place in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Exhibition Place is a mixed-use property on the Toronto shore of Lake Ontario, a few kilometers west of the central business district It is Canada's largest annual fair and the fifth largest in North America, with an average attendance of 1. 25 million. ^[47]

The Yorkville neighbourhood is one of Toronto's most elegant shopping and dining areas. Yorkville is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, well known for its shopping On many occasions, celebrities from all over North America can be spotted in the area, especially during the Toronto International Film Festival. The Toronto International Film Festival ( TIFF) is a publicly-attended Film festival held each September in Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Toronto Eaton Centre is one of North America's top shopping destinations, and Toronto's most popular tourist attraction with over 52 million visitors annually. The Toronto Eaton Centre is a large Shopping mall and office complex in downtown Toronto, Ontario Canada, named after the now-defunct Eaton's ^[48]

Greektown on the Danforth, is another one of the major attractions of Toronto which boasts one of the highest concentrations of restaurants per kilometre in the world. Greektown Toronto, also known as Greektown on the Danforth, or more simply The Danforth, is a Neighbourhood and Business Improvement Area (BIA of the It is also home to the annual "Taste of the Danforth" festival which attracts over one million people in 2 1/2 days. Taste of the Danforth is a yearly festival held in Toronto Ontario, Canada, in the Greektown area along Danforth Avenue for a period of three ^[49] Toronto is also home to Canada's most famous "castle" - Casa Loma, the former estate of Sir Henry Pellatt, a prominent Toronto financier, industrialist and military man. Casa Loma (Spanish for Hill House) is the former home of financier Sir Henry Mill Pellatt and a major tourist attraction in Toronto. Major-General Sir Henry Mill Pellatt, CVO ( January 6, 1859, Kingston Ontario, Canada - March 8, 1939) was Other notable neighbourhoods and attractions include The Beaches, the Toronto Islands, Kensington Market, Fort York, and the Hockey Hall of Fame. The Beaches is a neighbourhood and popular tourist destination located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Toronto Islands are a chain of small Islands in Lake Ontario. Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario. Fort York National Historic Site is a historic site of military fortifications and related buildings on the west side of downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Hockey Hall of Fame ( Temple de la renommée du hockey in French) is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Sports

Main articles: Professional sport in Toronto, Amateur sport in Toronto, and List of sports teams in Toronto

The Hockey Hall of Fame, housed in a former bank erected in 1885, is located at the intersection of Front Street and Yonge Street in Downtown Toronto. Professional sport in Toronto has a long and distinguished history Amateur sport in Toronto has a vibrant and distinguished history with a breadth of sports featuring significant participation in youth leagues collegiate sports and other organised and Toronto, Canada, is home to several professional semi-professional and university sports teams The Hockey Hall of Fame ( Temple de la renommée du hockey in French) is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Toronto is home to the Toronto Maple Leafs, one of the National Hockey League's Original Six clubs. "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America For the first ships of the United States Navy, see Six original United States frigates. The city has also served as home to the Hockey Hall of Fame since 1958. The Hockey Hall of Fame ( Temple de la renommée du hockey in French) is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The city has a rich history of hockey championships. Along with Toronto's 14 Stanley Cup titles, The Toronto Marlboros and St. Michael's College School based Ontario Hockey League teams combined have won a record 12 Memorial Cup titles. The Stanley Cup (La Coupe Stanley is an Ice hockey club championship Trophy, awarded annually to the National Hockey League (NHL playoffs champion The Toronto Marlborough Athletic Club, commonly known as the Toronto Marlboros, was founded in 1903 St Michael's College School is a private, all-boys Roman Catholic day school in Toronto, Canada. The Memorial Cup is the championship trophy of the Canadian Hockey League (CHL The Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League also play in Toronto at Ricoh Coliseum and are the farm team for the Maple Leafs. The Toronto Marlies are an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary Ricoh Coliseum is an Ice hockey arena at Exhibition Place in Toronto. They are one of only two teams who are in the same market as their NHL affiliate (the other is the Philadelphia Phantoms, the AHL affiliate of the Philadelphia Flyers).

Toronto is the only Canadian city with representation in six major league sports through National Hockey League, Major League Baseball, National Lacrosse League, National Basketball Association, Canadian Football League and Major League Soccer teams, as well as sharing a National Football League franchise with the city of Buffalo, New York. The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America The National Lacrosse League (NLL is the league of men's indoor lacrosse in North America. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Buffalo (ˈbʌfəloʊ is the second largest city in New York State. The major sports complexes include the Air Canada Centre, Rogers Centre (formerly known as SkyDome), Ricoh Coliseum and BMO Field. The SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation Ricoh Coliseum is an Ice hockey arena at Exhibition Place in Toronto. BMO Field (ˈbiːmoʊ "BEE-moe" is a Soccer-specific stadium located in Exhibition Place in the city of Toronto.

The city is represented in the Canadian Football League by the Toronto Argonauts who have won 15 Grey Cup titles. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Grey Cup (in Coupe Grey is both the name of the championship of the Canadian Football League (CFL and the name of the trophy awarded to the victorious team Toronto played host to the 95th Grey Cup in 2007, the first held in the city since 1992. Grey Cup Festivities The Grey Cup festivities began with a four-day festival that had over 50 events at several venues in downtown Toronto including the Metro Toronto Convention The city is also home to Major League Baseball's Toronto Blue Jays, who have won two World Series titles and is currently the only major league baseball team in Canada. The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. For other events named "World Series" see World Series (disambiguation. Both teams play their home games at the Rogers Centre, in the downtown core. SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation

Toronto is home to the International Bowl, an NCAA sanctioned post-season football game that puts a Mid-American Conference team against a Big East Conference team. The International Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA collegiate American football Bowl game played in Toronto, The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The Mid-American Conference ( MAC) is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA Division I college athletic conference with a membership The Big East Conference is a collegiate athletics conference consisting of seventeen Universities in the northeastern southeastern and midwestern United Beginning in 2007, the game is played at the Rogers Centre annually in January. In addition, the city has hosted several National Football League exhibition games; Ted Rogers has leased the Buffalo Bills from Ralph Wilson for the purposes of having the Bills play eight home games in the city between 2008 and 2012. The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. For other uses see Edward Rogers (disambiguation. Edward Samuel "Ted" Rogers Jr The Buffalo Bills are a professional American football team based in the Buffalo New York Metropolitan area, playing seven of their home games in the suburb Ralph C Wilson Jr (born October 17, 1918, in Columbus Ohio) is the founder, Owner and President of the NFL's

In addition to team sports, the city annually hosted Champ Car's Steelback Grand Prix of Toronto (formerly known as Molson Indy Toronto) at Exhibition Place, from 1986 to 2007. Champ Car, was the name for a class and specification of cars used in American Championship Car Racing for many decades primarily for use in the Indianapolis The Grand Prix of Toronto was a Champ Car World Series race held annually from 1986 to 2007, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada Exhibition Place is a mixed-use property on the Toronto shore of Lake Ontario, a few kilometers west of the central business district Both thoroughbred and standardbred horseracing are conducted at Woodbine Race Track in Rexdale. The Thoroughbred is a horse breed This article is about the sport For other uses see Horserace (drinking game or Horse race (politics. History The current Woodbine carries the name originally used by a racetrack which operated in east Toronto at Queen Street East and Kingston Road from 1874 through 1993 Rexdale is a community located in the north-west corner of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Historic sports clubs of Toronto include the Granite Club (est. 1836), the Royal Canadian Yacht Club (est. 1852), the Toronto Cricket Skating and Curling Club (est. pre-1827), the Argonaut Rowing Club (est. 1872), the Toronto Lawn Tennis Club (est. 1881), and the Badminton and Racquet Club (est. 1924).

Toronto was a candidate city for the 1996 and 2008 Summer Olympics, which were awarded to Atlanta and Beijing respectively. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International The Canadian Olympic Committee is currently considering a Toronto bid for the 2020 or 2024 Summer Olympics. The Canadian Olympic Committee ( COC) is the private, Non-profit organization representing Canadian athletes in the International The 2020 Summer Olympics (officially known as the Games of the XXXII Olympiad) is expected to be a major international sports and cultural festival to be celebrated The 2024 Summer Olympics, which will be officially known as the Games of the XXXIII Olympiad, is an international athletic event that has yet to be organized by the ^[50]

Panoramic view of Rogers Centre during an Argonauts game

Media

The Canadian Broadcasting Centre

See also: List of media outlets in Toronto

Toronto is Canada's largest media market,^[51] and the fourth largest media centre in North America (behind New York City, Los Angeles and Chicago), with four conventional dailies and two free commuter papers in a greater metropolitan area of about 5. The Toronto Argonauts are a Canadian Football League team based in Toronto, Ontario. The Canadian Football League (CFL ( Ligue canadienne de football (LCF in In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation "Leafs" and "Maple Leafs" redirect here For the former American Hockey League team see St The National Hockey League ( NHL) is a professional Ice hockey league composed of 30 teams in North America Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The The Toronto Maple Leafs are an independent, Minor league baseball team of the semi-pro Intercounty Baseball League, based in Toronto The Intercounty Baseball League ( IBL) is an Amateur, semi-professional baseball organization located in the Canadian province of Ontario Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each Christie Pits Park, originally Willowvale Park, is a Toronto public recreational area located at 750 Bloor Street West at Christie Street just The Toronto Blue Jays are a professional baseball team based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The The Toronto Rock are a Lacrosse team in the National Lacrosse League (NLL The National Lacrosse League (NLL is the league of men's indoor lacrosse in North America. Box lacrosse ( boxla, boxcrosse, or indoor lacrosse) is an indoor version of Lacrosse played in Canada and the United States The The Toronto Xtreme' were a Canadian rugby union team based in Markham Ontario. Overview Founded in 1998 the Super League is considered to be Canada's premier rugby competition Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short Fletcher's Fields is a rugby stadium in Markham Ontario, Canada. The Toronto Marlies are an Ice hockey team in the American Hockey League. American Hockey Association (1926–1942The American Hockey League (AHL is a Professional Ice hockey league in North America that serves as the primary Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. Ricoh Coliseum is an Ice hockey arena at Exhibition Place in Toronto. Toronto FC is a Canadian professional soccer club located in Toronto, and the first non-American team in Major League Soccer (MLS Major League Soccer ( MLS) is the top-flight professional Soccer league in the United States and Canada with 14 teams 13 in the U Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered BMO Field (ˈbiːmoʊ "BEE-moe" is a Soccer-specific stadium located in Exhibition Place in the city of Toronto. The Canadian National Basketball League (CNBL was a professional basketball league based in southern Ontario aiming to attract Canadian players who played overseas Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m SkyDome redirects here for other uses see SkyDome (disambiguation The Canadian Broadcasting Centre, located in Toronto Ontario, is the broadcast headquarters and Master control point for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation The City of New York Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Chicago (ʃɪˈkɑːgoʊ is the largest City by population in the state of Illinois and the American Midwest of the United States. 5 million inhabitants. The Toronto Star and the Toronto Sun are the prominent daily city newspapers, while the national dailies The Globe and Mail and the National Post are also headquartered in the city. The Toronto Star is Canada 's highest-circulation newspaper though its print edition is distributed almost entirely within the province of Ontario. The Toronto Sun is an English language daily tabloid Newspaper published in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Globe and Mail is a Canadian English language nationally distributed Newspaper, based in Toronto and printed in six cities The National Post is a Canadian English-language national Newspaper based in Don Mills, Ontario, a district of Toronto contains the headquarters of the major English-language Canadian television networks, including the English-language branch of the national public broadcaster Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), the largest private broadcaster CTV, and the flagship stations of Citytv and Global. CTV is a Canadian English language Television network. It is Canada's largest privately owned network the main television asset of CTVglobemedia This article is about the general Citytv brand Individual stations are listed according to their call signs. Global Television Network (more commonly called Global TV or just Global) is a Canadian English language privately owned Television network Canada's premier sports television networks are also based in Toronto, including The Sports Network (TSN), Rogers Sportsnet and The Score. The Sports Network (commonly known as TSN) is a Canadian English language Cable television Specialty channel and is Canada's leading Rogers Sportsnet (often referred to only as Sportsnet) is a Canadian English language Cable television Sports Specialty channel The Score Television Network (often referred to only as The Score) is a Canadian English language Cable television Specialty channel The bulk of Canada's periodical publishing industry is centred in Toronto including magazines such as Maclean's, Chatelaine, Flare, Canadian Living, Canadian Business, and Toronto Life. Maclean's is a Canadian weekly News magazine, reporting on Canadian issues such as politics pop culture and current events Canadian Living is a monthly Canadian lifestyle Magazine, which publishes articles relating to Food, Fashion, Crafts, and Canadian Business is the longest-publishing Business Magazine in Canada. Toronto Life is a monthly Canadian Magazine about Entertainment, Politics and life in Toronto Ontario, Canada

Economy

The Toronto-Dominion (TD) Centre in the heart of downtown

Main article: Economy of Toronto

Toronto is a major international centre for business and finance. The Toronto-Dominion Centre is a large cluster of buildings in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Downtown is a term primarily used in North America to refer to a city's core usually in a geographical commercial and community sense Toronto is a commercial, distribution, Financial and industrial centre Generally considered the financial capital of Canada, Toronto has a high concentration of banks and brokerage firms on Bay Street, in the Financial District. Bay Street is a street in downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the centre of Toronto's financial district and is often used by The Financial District is a business district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, within the downtown core The Toronto Stock Exchange is the world's seventh-largest stock exchange by market capitalization. This is an active list of Stock exchanges Those Futures exchanges that also offer trading in securities besides trading in Futures contracts are listed both ^[52] All of the Big Five banks of Canada are headquartered in Toronto. Big Five is the name given to the five biggest Banks that dominate the banking industry in Canada.

The city is an important centre for the media, publishing, telecommunications, information technology and film production industries; it is home to Thomson Corporation, CTVglobemedia, Rogers Communications, Alliance Atlantis and Celestica. "Popular press" redirects here note that the University of Wisconsin Press publishes under the imprint "The Popular Press" Publishing is the process of production and dissemination of Literature or Information &ndash the activity of making information available for public view Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Filmmaking is the process of making a Film, from an initial story idea or commission through scriptwriting shooting editing and finally distribution to an audience This article is primarily about Thomson prior to its 2008 merger with Reuters CTVglobemedia (often abbreviated "CTVgm" or CGM is one of Canada 's largest private media companies. Rogers Communications Inc (,) is one of Canada's largest communications companies particularly in the field of wireless communications and Cable television, with additional Alliance Atlantis Communications Inc (formerly traded as TSX:AAC was a Toronto -based media company that operated primarily as a Specialty service Celestica Inc () is a multinational Electronics manufacturing services (EMS company headquartered in Toronto, Canada. Other prominent Canadian corporations in Toronto include Four Seasons Hotels, the Hudson's Bay Company and Manulife Financial. Four Seasons Hotels Inc is a five-star Canadian -based international luxury Hotel chain Manulife Financial Corporation (,,) also known as The Manufacturers Life Insurance Company, is a major Canadian insurance company and Financial

Although much of the region's manufacturing activities take place outside the city limits, Toronto continues to be an important wholesale and distribution point for the industrial sector. The city's strategic position along the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor and its extensive road and rail connections help support the nearby production of motor vehicles, iron, steel, food, machinery, chemicals and paper. A motor Vehicle is a Machine which incorporates a motor (sometimes known as an Engine) and which is used for Transportation Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Steel is an Alloy consisting mostly of Iron, with a Carbon content between 0 A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging The completion of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 gave ships access to the Great Lakes from the Atlantic Ocean. The St Lawrence Seaway is the common name for a system of Canals that permits ocean-going vessels to travel from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes The Laurentian Great Lakes are a chain of freshwater lakes located in eastern North America, on the Canada–United States border.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Toronto

The last complete census by Statistics Canada estimated there were 2,503,281 people residing in Toronto in June 2006. The census geographic units of Canada are the Country subdivisions defined and used by Canada's federal government statistics bureau Statistics Canada to The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. The demographics of Toronto make Toronto one of the most multicultural cities in the world The Canada 2006 Census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population Statistics Canada (Statistique Canada is the Canadian federal government department commissioned with producing Statistics to help ^[1] The city's population grew by 4% (96,073 residents) between 1996 and 2001, and 1% (21,787 residents) between 2001 and 2006. Persons aged 14 years and under made up 17. 5% of the population, and those aged 65 years and over made up 13. 6%. The median age was 36. In Probability theory and Statistics, a median is described as the number separating the higher half of a sample a population or a Probability distribution 9 years. Foreign-born people made up 49. 9% of the population. ^[65]

As of 2001, 42. 8% of the residents of the city proper belong to a visible minority group,^[66] and visible minorities are projected to comprise a majority in Toronto by 2017. Visible minority is a term used primarily in Canada to describe persons who are not of the majority race in a given population ^[67] According to the United Nations Development Programme, Toronto has the second-highest percentage of foreign-born population among world cities, after Miami, Florida. Statistics Canada's 2006 figures indicate that Toronto has surpassed Miami in this year. ^[65] While Miami's foreign-born population consists mostly of Cubans and other Latin Americans, no single nationality or culture dominates Toronto's immigrant population, placing it among the most diverse cities in the world. Cubans (Cubanos are people inhabiting or originating from Cuba. ^[68]

In 2001, people of European ethnicities formed the largest cluster of ethnic groups in Toronto, 57. 2%,^[69] mostly of English, Irish, Scottish, Italian, and French origins, while the five largest visible minority groups in Toronto are Chinese (10. The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English The Irish people ( Irish: Muintir na hÉireann, na hÉireannaigh, na Gaeil) are a Western European Ethnic group who originate The Scots people ( Scots Gaelic: Albannaich) are a Nation and an Ethnic group indigenous to Scotland. The' Italian people' are a Southern European Ethnic group located primarily in Italy, Switzerland, France and by virtue of a wide-ranging Legal residents and citizens To be French according to the first article of the Constitution is to be a citizen of France regardless of one's origin race or religion ( Chinese Canadians are Canadians of Chinese descent and constitute the second-largest Visible minority group in Canada standing at 1346510 which 6%), South Asian/Indo-Caribbean (10. Indo-Canadians are Canadians whose origins trace back to the Indian sub-continent, often referred to in this way because the term Indian has been used Indo-Caribbean people or Indo-Caribbeans are people with roots in the Indian subcontinent who reside in the Caribbean. 3%), Black/Afro-Caribbean (8. Black Canadians', Caribbean Canadians, and African Canadians are designations used for people of Black African descent who reside in 3%), Filipino (3. Filipino Canadians are Asian Canadians who trace their ancestry to the Philippines or Filipino people 5%) and Latin American (2. Latin Canadian, and Hispanic Canadian are terms describing a Canadian of Latin American descent or birth 2%). ^[70] This diversity is reflected in Toronto's ethnic neighbourhoods which include Little Italy, The Junction, Little Jamaica, Little India, Chinatown, Koreatown, Greektown, Portugal Village, Corso Italia, Kensington Market, and The Westway. Little Italy, sometimes referred to as College Street West or College and Clinton, is a district in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The Junction, is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that derives its name from two native trails which intersected in the area prior to European Eglinton West, also known as Little Jamaica, is a retail section of Toronto, Ontario, Canada situated along Eglinton Avenue West Gerrard Street is a street in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It consists of two separate parts one running east from University Avenue for 6 km Toronto 's Chinatown (多倫多華埠 is an Ethnic enclave in Downtown Toronto with a high concentration of ethnic Chinese residents and businesses extending Toronto, Ontario, Canada 's Korean Business Area, known more generally as Koreatown (or Korea Town, K-town or Greektown Toronto, also known as Greektown on the Danforth, or more simply The Danforth, is a Neighbourhood and Business Improvement Area (BIA of the Trinity-Bellwoods is a colourful inner city neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Corso Italia is a neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated on St Kensington Market is a distinctive multicultural neighbourhood in downtown Toronto, Ontario. Kingsview Village-The Westway is a neighbourhood in the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Christianity is the largest religious group in Toronto. Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The 2001 Census reports that 31. 1% of the city's population is Catholic, followed by Protestant at 21. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 1%, Christian Orthodox at 4. 8%, Coptic Orthodox at 0. History of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria Apostolic foundation Egypt is identified in the Bible as the place of refuge that the 2%,^[71] and other Christians at 3. 9%. Other religions in the city are Islam (6. For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. 7%), Hinduism (4. Hinduism is a religious tradition that originated in the Indian subcontinent. 8%), Judaism (4. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut 2%), Buddhism (2. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices 7%), Sikhism (0. Sikhism ( IPA: or; ਸਿੱਖੀ sikkhī, IPA:) founded on the teachings of Nanak and nine successive gurus in fifteenth century 9%), and other Eastern Religions (0. Eastern religion is a group of Religions originating in India, China, Japan and Southeast Asia. 2%). 18. 7% of the population professes no faith. Nontheism is a term that covers a range of both religious and nonreligious attitudes characterized by the absence of&mdashor the rejection of&mdash Theism or any belief in a ^[66]

While English is the predominant language spoken by Torontonians, many other languages have considerable numbers of local speakers, including French, Italian, Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, Punjabi, Tagalog, and Hindi. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Tagalog is one of the major languages used in the Philippines. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is ^[72] Chinese and Italian are the second and third most widely spoken language at work. ^[73][74] As a result, the city's 9-1-1 emergency services are equipped to respond in over 150 languages. 911 (usually pronounced "nine-one-one" is the Emergency telephone number for the North American Numbering Plan (NANP ^[75]

Government

Toronto City Hall viewed from Nathan Phillips Square

Main article: Municipal government of Toronto

Further information: Politics of Toronto and Public services in Toronto

Toronto is a single-tier municipality governed by a mayor-council system. The City Hall of Toronto, Ontario, Canada is one of the most distinctive landmarks of the city Nathan Phillips Square is a City square that forms the front (south entrance to Toronto City Hall or 'New City Hall' at Queen Street West and The municipal government of Toronto consists of 44 elected councillors (representing around 55000 people each who along with the mayor make up the Toronto City Council. Residents of Toronto, Ontario, Canada, elect representatives to the federal, provincial, and municipal levels of government Public services in Toronto are funded by municipal property taxes financial transfers from the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada, or are operated and There are currently 445 municipalities in Ontario. These municipalities are divided into different structural tiers The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern The structure of the municipal government is stipulated by the City of Toronto Act. Since Toronto 's original incorporation as a city in 1834 a series of different acts of parliament have governed the organization and political powers of the city The Mayor of Toronto is elected by direct popular vote to serve as the chief executive of the city. This is a list of Mayors of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. From 1834-1857 and again from 1867-1873 Toronto mayors were not elected directly by This article focuses on the cases where the Head of Government is a separate office from the Head of State The Toronto City Council is a unicameral legislative body, comprising 44 councillors representing geographical wards throughout the city. The Toronto City Council is the governing body of the city of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Unicameralism is the practice of having only one legislative or Parliamentary chamber In Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an Electoral district The mayor and members of the city council serve four-year terms without term limits. See also Rotation in office A term limit is a legal restriction that limits the number of terms a person may serve in a particular elected office (Prior to the 2006 municipal election, the mayor and city councillors served three-year terms. 2006 Toronto municipal election took place on 13 November 2006 to elect a mayor and 44 city councillors in Toronto, Ontario. )

At the start of the 2007 term, the city council will have seven standing committees, each consisting of a chair, a vice-chair and four other councillors. The Mayor names the committee chairs and the remaining membership of the committees is appointed by City Council. ^[76] An executive committee is formed by the chairs of each of standing committee, in addition to the mayor, the deputy mayor and four other councillors. Councillors are also appointed to oversee the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Police Services Board. The Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC) is a Public transport authority that operates Buses streetcars, subways and Rapid transit The Toronto Police Services Board is the civilian oversight of the Toronto Police Service.

There are about 40 subcommittees, advisory committees and round tables within the city council. The Round Table is King Arthur 's famed table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his Knights congregate These bodies are made up of city councillors and private citizen volunteers. Examples include the Pedestrian Committee, Waste Diversion Task Force 2010, and the Task Force to Bring Back the Don. The Task Force to Bring Back the Don is a citizen advisory Committee that advises Toronto city council on issues concerning the Don River and ^[77] Additionally, the city has four community councils that make recommendations on local matters to the city council, but possess no final authority. Each city councillor serves as a member on a community council.

Toronto had an operating budget of C$7. 6 billion in 2006. ^[78] The city receives funding from the Government of Ontario in addition to tax revenues and user fees, spending 36% on provincially-mandated programs, 53% on major municipal purposes such as the Toronto Public Library and the Toronto Zoo, and 11% on capital financing and non-program expenditures. The Government of Ontario refers to the provincial government of the province of Ontario. The Toronto Public Library is the largest Public library system in Canada and the second busiest (by number of visits in the world after the Hong Kong Public The Toronto Zoo is a Zoo located in the north eastern part of Toronto Ontario, Canada ^[79]

Crime

Main article: Crime in Toronto

See also: Crime in Canada and Gun politics in Canada

The low crime rate in Toronto has resulted in the city having a reputation as one of the safest major cities in North America. The low crime rate in Toronto has resulted in the city having a reputation as one of the safer cities in North America. Crime in Canada has experienced wide swings in prevalence throughout its history Gun politics in Canada is controversial though less contentious than it is in the United States. Crime statistics attempt to provide a statistical measure of the level or amount of- Crime that is prevalent in societies ^[80][81] In 1999, the homicide rate for Toronto was 1. List of countries by homicide rate Homicide ( Latin homicidium, homo human being + caedere to cut kill refers to the act of killing another 9 per 100,000 people,^[82] compared to Atlanta (34. 5), Boston (5. 5) New York City (9. The City of New York 1), Vancouver (2. Vancouver (vænˈkuːvɚ is a coastal 8), and Washington, D.C. (45. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D 5). For robbery rates, Toronto also ranks low, with 115. Robbery is the Crime of seizing Property through Violence or Intimidation. 1 robberies per 100,000, compared to Dallas (583. 7), Los Angeles (397. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West 9), Montreal (193. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec 9), New York City (490. 6), and Washington, D. C. (670. 6). Toronto has a comparable rate of car theft to various U. S. cities, although it is not among the highest in Canada. ^[18] The overall crime rate in general was an average of 48 incidents per 100,000, compared to Cincinnati (326), Los Angeles (283), New York City (225), and Vancouver (239). However, many in the city, especially the local media, have concerns regarding gun violence, gangs, and racial profiling by Toronto Police against minorities. Gun violence is the broadly defined category of Violence and Crime committed with the use of a Firearm; it does not include the safe lawful use of firearms Gangsters redirects here For the computer game see Gangsters (video game. Racial profiling is the inclusion of racial or ethnic characteristics in determining whether a person is considered likely to commit a particular type of crime or The Toronto Police Service ( TPS) formerly the Metropolitan Toronto Police, is the Police force for the City of Toronto, Ontario ^[80]

Toronto recorded its largest number of homicides in 1991 with 89; a rate of 3. 9 per 100,000. ^[82][83] In 2005, Toronto media coined the term "Year of the Gun", because the number of gun-related homicides reached 52 out of 80 murders in total; almost double the 27 gun deaths recorded the previous year. ^[81][84] The total number of homicides dropped to 69 in 2006. Additionally, during the first half of 2006, there were 137 (13 fatal) shooting incidents in the city, down marginally from 164 (19 fatal) in the first half of 2005. 84 murders were committed in 2007, nearly eclipsing the record of 89, and roughly half of them involved firearms. Gang-related incidents have also been on the rise; between the years of 1997 and 2005, over 300 gang-related murders have occurred. As a result, the Ontario government has come up with an anti-gun strategy. ^[85]

Education

The main building of Victoria College in the University of Toronto

Main article: Education in Toronto

Toronto is home to a number of post-secondary academic institutions. Victoria University ("Vic" for short is a Federated school of the University of Toronto, consisting of Victoria College and Emmanuel College This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus In 2007 the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada was home to four publicly funded K12 school boards one non-publicly funded religious K12 school board a variety of The University of Toronto, established in 1827, is the oldest university in Ontario and a leading public research institution. This article is about the University of Toronto's St George Campus It is a worldwide leader in biomedical research and houses North America's third largest library system, after that of Harvard University and Yale University. York University, located in the north end of Toronto, houses the largest law library in the Commonwealth of Nations. York University (Université York is a public Research university located in Toronto, Ontario. North York forms the central part of the northern half of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The city is also home to Ryerson University, Ontario College of Art & Design, and the University of Guelph-Humber. Ryerson University, commonly referred to simply as Ryerson, is a public University in Toronto, Canada. The Ontario College of Art & Design (commonly referred to by its acronym OCAD) is Canada's largest and oldest University for art and design The University of Guelph-Humber is a university-college partnership between the University of Guelph and Humber College.

There are five diploma-granting colleges in Toronto: Seneca College, Humber College, Centennial College, Sheridan College and George Brown College. A community college is a type of Educational institution. The term has different meanings in different countries Seneca College of Applied Arts and Technology is a polytechnic institution that has approximately 90000 part-time and 17000 full-time students Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning (generally referred to as Humber) is a College in Toronto, Ontario, Centennial College of Applied Arts and Technology is the oldest Community college in Ontario, founded in 1966. Sheridan College Institute of Technology and Advanced Learning is a diploma and degree granting Canadian polytechnic institute with campuses in Oakville Ontario and George Brown College (GBC is a public fully-accredited College of Applied arts and technology with three full Campuses in downtown Toronto, In nearby Oshawa -- usually considered part of the Greater Toronto Area -- are Durham College and the new University of Ontario Institute of Technology. The Greater Toronto Area (locally abbreviated as the GTA) is the most populous Metropolitan area in Canada. See also Durham College Oxford. Durham College of Applied Arts and Technology is located in Oshawa, Ontario, The University of Ontario Institute of Technology ( UOIT) is located in Oshawa Ontario and shares its campus with Durham College. The Royal Conservatory of Music, which includes The Glenn Gould School, is a noted school of music located downtown. The Glenn Gould School is a centre for the training of professional Musicians in performance at post-secondary and post-bachelor levels The Canadian Film Centre is a film, television and new media training institute founded by filmmaker Norman Jewison. CFC is Canada's largest institution for advanced training in Film, Television and New Media. Norman Frederick Jewison CC, BA, LLD (born July 21, 1926) is an Academy Award -winning Canadian Film Tyndale University College and Seminary is a transdenominational Christian post-secondary institution and Canada's largest seminary. Tyndale University College & Seminary is an evangelical Christian and transdenominational liberal-arts post-secondary educational institution located

The Toronto District School Board (TDSB) operates 558 public schools. Toronto District School Board, also known as TDSB, is the English -language public school board for Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Of these, 451 are elementary and 102 are secondary (high) schools. This makes the TDSB the largest school board in Canada. Additionally, the Toronto Catholic District School Board manages the city's publicly-funded Roman Catholic schools, while the Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest and the Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud manages public and Roman Catholic French-language schools. The Toronto Catholic District School Board ( TCDSB) is one of three school boards in the city of Toronto Ontario, Canada. The Conseil scolaire de district du Centre-Sud-Ouest, also known as CSDCSO or Ontario District School Board #58, manages the French-language Public Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud is the Roman Catholic separate, French language School board for the South-Central region of Ontario There are also numerous private university-preparatory schools, such as Upper Canada College, Crescent School, Toronto French School, University of Toronto Schools, Havergal College, Bishop Strachan School, Branksome Hall, and St. Michael's College School. A university-preparatory school or college-preparatory school (usually abbreviated to preparatory school, college prep school, or prep school Upper Canada College (UCC is a private elementary and Secondary school for boys in downtown Toronto, Canada. Crescent School, established in 1913 is an independent boys school located in mid-town Toronto Ontario Canada The Toronto French School (TFS founded in 1962, is an independent bilingual, co-educational, non-denominational school in Toronto. The University of Toronto Schools (UTS (founded in 1910 is an independent private Secondary school in downtown Toronto Canada for academically-gifted students throughout Havergal College (shortform Havergal or HC) is a leading independent boarding and day school for girls in Toronto, Ontario, Canada The Bishop Strachan School (BSS (ˈstrɔːn named after Anglican Bishop John Strachan, is the oldest and one of the most prestigious day and boarding Branksome Hall is a Toronto private girls school for day and boarding students from Kindergarten to graduating year St Michael's College School is a private, all-boys Roman Catholic day school in Toronto, Canada.

The Toronto Public Library is the largest public library system in Canada, consisting of 99 branches with more than 11 million items in its collection. The Toronto Public Library is the largest Public library system in Canada and the second busiest (by number of visits in the world after the Hong Kong Public ^[86]

Infrastructure

Health and medicine

Atrium of the Hospital for Sick Children

Main article: Health in Toronto

See also: List of hospitals in Toronto and XVI International AIDS Conference, 2006

Toronto is home to at least 20 public hospitals, including the Hospital for Sick Children, Mount Sinai Hospital, St. Michael's Hospital, North York General Hospital, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto Western Hospital, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Princess Margaret Hospital, as well as the University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine. The Hospital for Sick Children, also known as SickKids, is a world-renowned Children's hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Several factors affect citizens' health in Toronto. The city has many opportunities for citizens to be Physically active, including Bike lanes, Walkways The following is a list of Hospitals in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The XVI International AIDS Conference was held in Toronto, Ontario, during the week of August 13 - 18, 2006. The Hospital for Sick Children, also known as SickKids, is a world-renowned Children's hospital in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This page is about a Canadian hospital For other uses please see Mount Sinai (disambiguation Mount Sinai Hospital (MSH is a Hospital St Michael's Hospital is a Catholic Teaching hospital in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. North York General Hospital (NYGH is one of Toronto 's many Hospitals and serves the area of north central Toronto (formerly North York) The Toronto General Hospital (TGH is a part of the University Health Network, and a major teaching hospital in downtown Toronto, Ontario. The Toronto Western Hospital is located at the corner of Bathurst Street and Dundas Street West in Toronto, Canada. Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, abbreviated SHSC and known simply as Sunnybrook, is an academic health sciences centre located in Toronto, There are several Princess Margaret Hospital s: Princess Margaret Hospital Hong Kong Princess Margaret Hospital Toronto The Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, founded in 1843 as a school of medicine

Toronto's Discovery District^[87] is centre of research in biomedicine. Biomedicine, also known as theoretical medicine, is a term that comprises the knowledge and research which is more or less in common to the fields of human medicine It is located on a 2. 5 square kilometre (620 acre) research park that is fully integrated into Toronto’s downtown core. It is also home to the Medical and Related Sciences Centre (MaRS),^[88] which was created in 2000 to capitalize on the research and innovation strength of the Province of Ontario. "MaRS" redirects here For the planet see Mars. For other terms pertaining to this name see Mars (disambiguation. Another institute is the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine (MCMM). ^[89]

Transportation

The main entrance of the Beaux-Arts style Union Station built in 1927

Main article: Transportation in Toronto

The Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) is the third largest public transit system in North America after the New York City Transit Authority, and the Mexico City Metro. Beaux Arts architecture denotes the academic classical Architectural style that was taught at the École des Beaux Arts in Paris. There are many forms of Transportation in the city of Toronto. The Toronto Transit Commission ( TTC) is a Public transport authority that operates Buses streetcars, subways and Rapid transit The New York City Transit Authority (NYCTA is a Public authority in the U The Mexico City Metro (formally Sistema de Transporte Colectivo Metro or STC Metro) is a Rubber-tyred metro system that serves ^[29] The TTC provides public transit within the City of Toronto. The backbone of its public transport network is the subway system. The Toronto subway and RT is the main Rapid transit (RT railway system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada operated by the Toronto The TTC also operates an extensive network of buses and streetcars. Bus service in Toronto, Canada, started in 1921 There were a few independent bus operators that continued to provide inter-urban bus services Hollinger The Toronto streetcar system comprises eleven streetcar ( Tram) routes in Toronto, Ontario, Canada operated by the Toronto Transit Commission

The Government of Ontario also operates an extensive rail and bus transit system called GO Transit in the City of Toronto, as well in its suburbs. GO Transit is the interregional public transit system serving the Conurbation in Ontario, Canada referred to by Metrolinx as the With thirty-eight trains, and seven train lines, GO Transit run 179 trips, and carry over 160,000 passengers in the Greater Toronto Area every day. An additional 288 GO buses feed the main rail lines.

Canada's busiest airport, Toronto Pearson International Airport (IATA: YYZ), straddles the city's western boundary with the suburban city of Mississauga. Lester B Pearson International Airport is a major International airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada, situated 27 kilometres (17 mi northwest An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier, IATA station code or simply a location identifier, is a three-letter code designating many Mississauga (ˌmɪsɪˈsɑgə) incorporated in 1974 is a City located in the Regional Municipality of Peel Limited commercial and passenger service is also offered from the Toronto City Centre Airport, on the Toronto Islands. Toronto/City Centre Airport, (TCCA, in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is a small Airport located on the Toronto Islands. The Toronto Islands are a chain of small Islands in Lake Ontario. Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport in Markham provides general aviation facilities. Buttonville Municipal Airport or Toronto/Buttonville Municipal Airport,, is a medium-sized airport in Buttonville, Ontario, Canada, within Markham ( pronounced /ˈmɑrkəm/ 2006 population 261573 is a town located in the Regional Municipality of General aviation (abbr GA) is one of two categories of Civil aviation. Toronto/Downsview Airport, near the city's north end, is owned by de Havilland Canada and serves the Bombardier Aerospace aircraft factory. Downsview Airport or Toronto/Downsview Airport,, is located in Toronto, Ontario and has been exclusively owned and used as a testing facility by The de Havilland Canada company was an aircraft manufacturer with facilities based in what is now the Downsview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada Bombardier Aerospace is a division of the Bombardier group It is the third largest aircraft company in the world in terms of yearly delivery of commercial airplanes (behind

There are a number of expressways and highways that serve Toronto and the Greater Toronto Area. The City of Toronto, Ontario maintains a system of Expressways and arterial highways at the municipal level See also List of provincial highways in Ontario The Ontario Ministry of Transportation maintains the system of provincial highways in the Canadian province In particular, Highway 401 bisects the city from west to east, bypassing the downtown core. It is one of the busiest highways in the world. ^[90][91] The square grid of major city streets was laid out by the concession road system. In Upper and Lower Canada, concession roads were laid out by the colonial government through undeveloped land to define lots to be developed the name comes from a

Sister cities

Main article: Sister cities of Toronto

References

Further reading

External links

• Toronto.ca, The official City of Toronto Web site
• Torontopedia
• Tourism Toronto, by the Toronto Convention & Visitors Association
• Wikitravel Toronto, travel guide at Wikitravel
• Wikia has a wiki on this subject: Toronto