Biological tissue is a collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. The cell is the structural and functional unit of all known living Organisms It is the smallest unit of an organism that is classified as living and is often called
In other words it is a group of cells working together mainly inside an organ.
The study of tissue is known as histology, or, in connection with disease, histopathology. Histology (from the Greek = 'tissue' is the study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of Plants and Histopathology (from the Greek histos (tissue and pathos (suffering refers to the microscopic examination of tissue in order to study the manifestations
The classical tools for studying the tissues are the wax block, the tissue stain, and the optical microscope, though developments in electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and frozen sections have all added to the sum of knowledge in the last couple of decades. A microscope ( Greek: ( micron) = small + ( skopein) = to look or see is an instrument for viewing objects that are An electron microscope is a type of Microscope that uses Electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image Immunofluorescence is the labeling of antibodies or Antigens with fluorescent Dyes This technique is often used to visualize the subcellular With these tools, the classical appearances of the tissues can be examined in health and disease, enabling considerable refinement of clinical diagnosis and prognosis.
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Animal tissues
There are four basic types of tissue in the body of all animals, including the human body and lower multicellular organisms such as insects. Multicellular organisms are Organisms consisting of more than one cell, and having Differentiated cells that perform specialized functions Insects ( Class Insecta) are a major group of Arthropods and the most diverse group of Animals on the Earth with over a million described These compose all the organs, structures and other contents.
- Epithelium - Tissues composed of layers of cells that cover organ surfaces such as surface of the skin and inner lining of digestive tract: the tissues that serve for protection, secretion, and absorption. In biology and medicine epithelium is a tissue composed of cells that line the cavities and surfaces of structures throughout the body
- Connective tissue - As the name suggests, connective tissue holds everything together. Connective tissue is one of the four types of tissue in traditional classifications (the others being epithelial, Muscle, and Nervous tissue) Connective tissue is characterized by the separation of the cells by non-living material, which is called extracellular matrix. In Biology, the extracellular matrix ( ECM) is the Extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the cells Bone and blood are connective tissues. Osseous tissue, or bone tissue is the major structural and supportive Connective tissue of the body Blood is a specialized Bodily fluid that delivers necessary substances to the body's cells €”such as nutrients and oxygen—and transports Waste products
- Muscle tissue - Muscle cells are the contractile tissue of the body. Muscle (from Latin musculus, diminutive of mus "mouse" is contractile tissue of the body and is derived from the Its function is to produce force and cause motion, either locomotion or movement within internal organs. Muscle tissue is separated into three distinct categories: visceral or smooth muscle, which is found in the inner linings of organs; skeletal muscle, which is found attached to bone in order for mobility to take place; and cardiac muscle which is found in the heart. Smooth muscle is a type of non- Striated muscle, found within the Tunica media layer of large and small Arteries and Veins, the bladder Skeletal muscle is a type of Striated muscle, which usually attaches to tendons The cardiac muscle is a type of involuntary striated Muscle found in the walls of the Heart.
- Nervous tissue - Cells forming the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nervous system. Nervous tissue is the fourth major class of Vertebrate tissue. The brain is the center of the Nervous system in animals All Vertebrates and the majority of Invertebrates have a brain The spinal cord is a long thin tubular bundle of Nerves that is an extension of the Central nervous system from the brain and is enclosed in and protected The peripheral nervous system ( PNS) resides or extends outside the Central nervous system (CNS which consists of the Brain and Spinal cord.
Plant tissues
Examples of tissue in other multicellular organisms are vascular tissue in plants, such as xylem and phloem. Multicellular organisms are Organisms consisting of more than one cell, and having Differentiated cells that perform specialized functions This is an article about vascular tissue in plants For transport in animals see Circulatory system. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. In Vascular plants xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue Phloem being the other In Vascular plants phloem is the living tissue that carries organic Nutrients (known as photosynthate particularly Sucrose, a sugar to Plant tissues are categorized broadly into three tissue systems: the epidermis, the ground tissue, and the vascular tissue. The epidermis is the outer single-layered group of cells covering a Plant, especially the Leaf and young tissues of a Vascular plant including stems The types of ground tissue found in Plants develop from ground tissue Meristem and consists of three simple tissues Parenchyma (cells This is an article about vascular tissue in plants For transport in animals see Circulatory system. Together they are often referred to as biomass. Biomass refers to living and recently dead Biological material that can be used as fuel or for industrial production
- Epidermis - Cells forming the outer surface of the leaves and of the young plant body. The epidermis is the outer single-layered group of cells covering a Plant, especially the Leaf and young tissues of a Vascular plant including stems In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis.
- Vascular tissue - The primary components of vascular tissue are the xylem and phloem. This is an article about vascular tissue in plants For transport in animals see Circulatory system. In Vascular plants xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue Phloem being the other In Vascular plants phloem is the living tissue that carries organic Nutrients (known as photosynthate particularly Sucrose, a sugar to These transport fluid and nutrients internally.
- Ground tissue - Ground tissue is less differentiated than other tissues. The types of ground tissue found in Plants develop from ground tissue Meristem and consists of three simple tissues Parenchyma (cells In Developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized Cell type. Ground tissue manufactures nutrients by photosynthesis and stores reserve nutrients. Photosynthesis is a Metabolic pathway that converts Light Energy into Chemical energy.
See also
References
- Raven, Peter H. In Developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized Cell type. Tissue microarrays (also TMA s consist of paraffin blocks in which up to 1000 separate tissue cores are assembled in array fashion to allow simultaneous histological , Evert, Ray F. , & Eichhorn, Susan E. (1986). Biology of Plants (4th ed. ). New York: Worth Publishers. ISBN 0-87901-315-X.
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