| Sir Tim Berners-Lee | |
Tim Berners-Lee on 18 November 2005. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. | |
| Born | Timothy Berners-Lee 8 June 1955 London, England |
|---|---|
| Residence | Lexington, Massachusetts, USA |
| Other names | Tim |
| Education | The Queen's College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Computer Scientist |
| Employers | World Wide Web Consortium and University of Southampton |
| Title | Senior Researcher |
| Known for | Inventing the World Wide Web |
| Religious beliefs | Unitarian Universalism |
| Spouse | Nancy Carlson (remarried) |
| Children | 2 |
| Parents | Conway Berners-Lee and Mary Lee Woods |
| Website Tim Berners-Lee | |
Notes Holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at MIT's Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory | |
Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee OM KBE FRS FREng FRSA (born 8 June 1955) is an English computer scientist who, with the help of Robert Cailliau, and a young student staff at CERN, implemented on 25 December 1990, the first successful communication between an HTTP client and server via the Internet. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Queen's College, founded 1341 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. The University of Oxford (informally "Oxford University" or simply "Oxford" located in the city of Oxford, Oxfordshire, England is the Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. Unitarian Universalism ( UUism) is a theologically liberal Religion characterized by its support for a "free and responsible search for truth Conway Berners-Lee (born 1921 is an English mathematician who worked in the team that developed the Manchester Mark I computer at the University of Mary Lee Woods is a British mathematician who worked in the team that developed the Manchester Mark I computer at the University of Manchester The Order of Merit is a British and Commonwealth Order bestowed by the Monarch. The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British Order of chivalry established on 4 June 1917 by King George V. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 History Founded in 1976, the Academy was initially known as the Fellowship of Engineering. The Royal Society for the encouragement of Arts Manufactures and Commerce ( RSA) is a British multi-disciplinary institution based in London. Events 68 - The Roman Senate accepts emperor Galba. 536 - St Silverius becomes Pope (probable Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) The English people (from the adjective in Englisc) are a Nation and Ethnic group native to England who predominantly speak English Robert Cailliau (born 26 January 1947) is a Belgian Computer scientist who together with Sir Tim Berners-Lee, developed The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire known as CERN Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP) is a Communications protocol for the transfer of information on the Internet. He was ranked Joint First in The Telegraph's list of 100 greatest living geniuses. For "The Daily Telegraph" in Australia see The Daily Telegraph (Australia. However, following Albert Hoffman's death he is now solely first. Albert Hofmann ( January 11 1906 – April 29 2008) was a Swiss scientist best known for having been the first to synthesize He is also the director of the World Wide Web Consortium or W3C (which oversees its continued development), and a senior researcher and holder of the 3Com Founders Chair at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL). MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (also CSAIL) is a research laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology formed by the 2003 [1]
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His parents, both mathematicians, were employed together on the team that built the Manchester Mark I, one of the earliest computers. A mathematician is a person whose primary area of study and research is the field of Mathematics. This article is about the early British computer. The term "Manchester Mark I" can also refer to the Avro Manchester heavy bomber in RAF service during They taught Berners-Lee to use mathematics everywhere, even at the dinner table. Berners-Lee attended Sheen Mount Primary School, before moving on to study his O-Levels and A-Levels at Emanuel School in Battersea, where a computer centre is dedicated in his name. Emanuel School is a co-educational public school in Battersea, south-west London. Battersea is a place in the London Borough of Wandsworth. It is an inner-city district located 2
He is an alumnus of The Queen's College, Oxford where he played table tennis for Oxford, against rival Cambridge. The Queen's College, founded 1341 is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England. While at Queen's, Berners-Lee built a computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television. A computer is a Machine that manipulates data according to a list of instructions. A soldering iron is a device for applying heat to melt Solder for attaching two metal parts Transistor–transistor logic ( TTL) is a class of Digital circuits built from Bipolar junction transistors (BJT and Resistors It is called A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output The 6800 is an 8-bit Microprocessor produced by Motorola and released shortly after the Intel 8080 in late 1974 During his time at university, he was caught hacking with a friend and was subsequently banned from using the university computer. He graduated in 1976 with a degree in physics.
He met his first wife Jane while at Oxford and they married soon after they started work in Poole. Poole ( is a large coastal town and seaport in Dorset on the south coast of England After graduation, Berners-Lee was employed at Plessey Controls Limited in Poole as a programmer. The Plessey Company plc was a British -based international electronics defence and telecommunications company Jane also worked at Plessey Telecommunications Limited in Poole. The Plessey Company plc was a British -based international electronics defence and telecommunications company In 1978, he worked at D. G. Nash Limited (also in Poole) where he wrote typesetting software and an operating system.
While an independent contractor at CERN from June to December 1980, Berners-Lee proposed a project based on the concept of hypertext, to facilitate sharing and updating information among researchers. [2] While there, he built a prototype system named ENQUIRE. ENQUIRE was an early project (in the second half of 1980 of Tim Berners-Lee, who went on to create the World Wide Web in 1989 After leaving CERN, in 1980, he went to work at John Poole's Image Computer Systems Ltd.but returned to CERN in 1984 as a fellow. In 1989, CERN was the largest Internet node in Europe, and Berners-Lee saw an opportunity to join hypertext with the Internet: "I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the Transmission Control Protocol and domain name system ideas and — ta-da! — the World Wide Web. The Internet is a global system of interconnected Computer networks The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP is one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. The Domain Name System (DNS is a hierarchical naming system for computers services or any resource participating in the Internet. "[3] He wrote his initial proposal in March of 1989, and in 1990, with the help of Robert Cailliau, produced a revision which was accepted by his manager, Mike Sendall. Robert Cailliau (born 26 January 1947) is a Belgian Computer scientist who together with Sir Tim Berners-Lee, developed He used similar ideas to those underlying the Enquire system to create the World Wide Web, for which he designed and built the first web browser and editor (called WorldWideWeb and developed on NeXTSTEP) and the first Web server called httpd (short for HyperText Transfer Protocol daemon). The World Wide Web (commonly shortened to the Web) is a system of interlinked Hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. WorldWideWeb was the world's first Web browser and WYSIWYG HTML editor. Nextstep was the original object-oriented, multitasking Operating system that NeXT Computer developed to run on its range of proprietary computers The NCSA HTTPd was a Web server originally developed at the NCSA by Robert McCool and others In Unix and other computer multitasking Operating systems a daemon (ˈdiːmən or /ˈdeɪmən/ is a Computer program that runs in the background
The first Web site built was at CERN[4][5][6][7] and was first put online on 6 August 1991. The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation Européenne pour la Recherche Nucléaire known as CERN Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. It provided an explanation about what the World Wide Web was, how one could own a browser and how to set up a Web server. It was also the world's first Web directory, since Berners-Lee maintained a list of other Web sites apart from his own.
In 1994, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It comprised various companies that were willing to create standards and recommendations to improve the quality of the Web. Berners-Lee made his idea available freely, with no patent and no royalties due. The World Wide Web Consortium decided that their standards must be based on royalty-free technology, so they can be easily adopted by anyone. [8]
In 2001, he became a patron of the East Dorset Heritage Trust having previously lived in Colehill in Wimborne, East Dorset, England. For the Irish Village see Colehill County Longford Colehill is a Parish, neighbouring Wimborne Minster, in Dorset, England This article is about the town Wimborne Minster For the church of Wimborne Minster see Wimborne Minster. Settlements Settlements with a population over 2500 are in bold. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
In December 2004 he accepted a chair in Computer Science at the School of Electronics and Computer Science, University of Southampton, UK, to work on his new project — the Semantic Web. Computer science (or computing science) is the study and the Science of the theoretical foundations of Information and Computation and their The University of Southampton is a university situated in the city of Southampton, on the south coast of England. The Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which the Semantics of information and services on the web is defined making it possible for the [9]
Berners-Lee believes the future of Semantic Web holds immense potential for how machines will collaborate in the coming days. In an interview with an Indian publication, he shared his views as:
"It is evolving at the moment. The data Web is in small stages, but it is a reality, for instance there is a Web of data about all kinds of things, like there is a Web of data about proteins, it is in very early stages. When it comes to publicly accessible data, there is an explosion of data Web in the life sciences community. When you look about data for proteins and genes, and cell biology and biological pathways, lots of companies are very excited. We have a healthcare and life sciences interest group at the Consortium, which is coordinating lot of interest out there. " [10]
He has also become one of the pioneer voices in favour of Net Neutrality. See also Network neutrality in the United States See also Network neutrality in Canada Definitions of network neutrality Advocates offer three [11]
He has revelations that ISPs should not intercept customers' browsing activities like business like Phorm. Phorm, formerly known as 121Media, is a Digital technology company based in London, New York, and Moscow. He has such strong views about this that he would change ISPs to get away from such activities. [12][13]
In the past, Sir Tim Berners-Lee has vehemently opposed the addition of new tier domain names like ‘. xxx’ and ‘. mobi’. In fact, when the ‘. mobi’ came into existence, he was the biggest dissenter. He argues that every one should be able to access the same web, irrespective of whether it is from a computer or a mobile.
"We have spoken about the mobile Web and how different people would be accessing the Web at different times and on different devices, a very great diversity. You have a screen with 3 million pixels one moment and would have a 3 inch screen the next moment. But it is important that if I refer to something like a train timetable for example and if I bookmark it using my phone, I can view it on my computer screen. Hence, it very important that the same URI works on different devices. The problem with . mobi, I didn’t want to have a domain that limited accessibility from certain devices, small devices in this regard. Then this would mean that, there would be a different URI for the computer and mobile devices. I fail to understand the need for it. The important thing is that the same URI should work, I don’t want to keep track of two URI for same thing, and I do not want to keep two bookmarks of same thing, depending on whether I am using my computer or my mobile device. It is very pragmatical engineering reason. The engineering of the Web depends on you have a general one URI for something and wherever you use it, it works, irrespective of the software or the hardware you are using. That is part of the universitality of the Web. I think the consortium behind . mobi have the best intention because they are trying to -- and we are working closely with them -- see a lot of content available from mobile devices. But architecturally I feel that . mobi is a gimmick, the same URI should work very well on different devices. " [10]
There has also been an ongoing tussle between different government bodies and ICANN on the ownership of the domain names, especially ". com". Berners-Lee supports the contention that no body should own the domain names, as they constitute a public resource.
"The roots of the domain named should not be owned, it is a public domain resource and it should be managed very carefully for the people of the world. There is a lot of management that has to be done for the domain names and it has to be done carefully. As you know I am not in favor of creating just top-level domain left, right and center. I think the Internet can happily survive for the next ten years without the need of a new top-level domain. I think most of the time people are doing this not because they think it will help the society but because they can own a whole lot of Internet real estate. For instance I don’t think that the . info domain has really helped as very much, people still feel they should get a . com and it only adds to the confusion if different companies have the . com, . biz and so on. And there isn’t very clear definition what each domain is for. " [10]
In an interview, he hinted that an international body like the UN could do the governance of the domain names. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security
"I think that the top level domains, it is very important, are run fairly internationally with a fair representation of businesses and consumers worldwide, not just the companies that run the Internet. I think that whenever you have something that represents the whole world, like the United Nations, it becomes bureaucratic and it becomes slow, because it takes a long time to take into account everybody’s point of view. So we should be prepared to put up with some bureaucracy. " [10]
Berners-Lee also dismissed the whole controversy saying that the domain names are not as critical as the standard setting process is.
"We don’t need a domain name system in which you could very very quickly get a new domain name. Domain names are not the most critical part for the functioning of the Web. The Web depends on the development of standards, I think we should put our energy into creating new standards, bringing new technologies, like open standards for video, encoding, open standards for data communication, putting scientific and clinical data out there on the Web, to spread that sort of information between countries. I think that sort of thing is very important, that’s where our energy should be spent. " [10]
Berners-Lee currently lives in Lexington, Massachusetts (USA) with his current wife Nancy and two children, Alice and Ben. Lexington is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States.
He left the Church of England, a religion in which he had been brought up, as a teenager just after being "confirmed" because he could not "believe in all kinds of unbelievable things. " He and his family eventually found a Unitarian Universalist church while they were living in Boston. He appreciates Unitarian Universalism and hence settled in it. Unitarian Universalism ( UUism) is a theologically liberal Religion characterized by its support for a "free and responsible search for truth [14]
| Millennium Technology Prize laureate | |
| Tim Berners-Lee | |
| Millennium Technology Prize | |
| Year awarded: | 2004 |
|---|---|
| Invention: | World Wide Web |
| Prize presented by: | Tarja Halonen |
| Previous laureate: | First recipient, no previous laureates |
| Following laureate: | Shuji Nakamura |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Berners-Lee, Tim |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Berners-Lee, Sir Timothy; Berners-Lee, Timothy, TimBL, TBL |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | inventor of World Wide Web |
| DATE OF BIRTH | June 8, 1955 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | London, United Kingdom |
| DATE OF DEATH | |
| PLACE OF DEATH | |