The Hindu newspaper, reporting the 7 July 2005 London bombings
Type	Daily newspaper
Format	Broadsheet
Owner	Kasturi & Sons Ltd. The 7 July 2005 London bombings (also called the 7/7 bombings) were a series of coordinated bomb blasts that hit London's public transport system during A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. Broadsheet is the largest of the various Newspaper formats and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically 22 inches or more
Publisher	N. Ram
Editor	N. Ram
Founded	September 20, 1878
Political allegiance	Left-leaning, Independent [1]
Headquarters	Chennai
Website: The Hindu

The Hindu, has the second largest circulation for a single-edition newspaper in India, and the largest circulation for a single-edition English-language newspaper in the country. Narasimhan Ram (born May 4, 1945) is an Indian Journalist. He has been the Editor-in-chief of The Hindu since June 27 2003 Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States A newspaper is a written Publication containing News, information and Advertising, usually printed on low-cost paper called Newsprint. With a circulation of 1. 17 million copies, The Hindu has its largest base of circulation in South India, especially Tamil Nadu. A Newspaper 's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. Begun in 1878, it was founded on the principles of fairness and justice. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Journalism ethics and standards comprise principles of Ethics and of good practice as applicable to the specific challenges faced by professional Journalists Historically JUSTICE is a Human rights and law reform organisation based in the United Kingdom. Headquartered at Chennai (formerly called Madras), The Hindu was published weekly when it was launched and started publishing daily in 1889. Madras Presidency, also known as Madras Province and known officially as Presidency of Fort St Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The Hindu became, in 1995, the first Indian newspaper to offer an online edition. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 ^[1]. The Hindu is the most circulated periodical in India with a circulation of 1,102,783 copies, according to the Registrar of Newspapers for India (The Sunday Times of India is second with a circulation of 1,038,954 copies).

The Hindu is published from 12 locations - Bangalore, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Hyderabad, Kochi, Madurai, Mangalore, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirapalli, Vijayawada and Visakhapatnam. Bangalore ( officially Bengaluru ( Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು) is the capital of the Indian state of Karnataka. Coimbatore (கோயம்புத்தூர் also known as Kovai (கோவை is a major industrial city in India and the second largest city in the Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Madurai Mangalore ( Kannada:, Mangalūru; Tulu: Kudla, ಕುಡ್ಲ Konkani: Kodial, ಕೊಡಿಯಾಲ್ Thiruvananthapuram ( Malayalam: തിരുവനന്തപുരം Tiruvanantapuraṁ) also known as Trivandrum, is the capital of the WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Tiruchirappalli ( Tamil: தி௫ச்சிராப்பள்ளி also spelled Tiruchirapalli Vijayawada ( (విజయవాడ also known as Bezawada is the third largest city in Andhra Pradesh, India, located on the banks of the Krishna River Visakhapatnam ( Telugu: విశాఖపట్టణం (also Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicized Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatnam is a coastal port According to Indian Readership Survey 2007, Round 1, The Hindu has a readership of 2. 2 million. ^[2]

History

Pre-Independence

The first issue of The Hindu was published on September 20, 1878, by a group of six young men, led by G. Subramania Aiyer, a radical social reformer and school teacher from Thiruvaiyyar near Thanjavur. Events 451 - The Battle of Chalons takes place in North Eastern France. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common GSubramania Iyer (1855-1916 was a leading Indian Journalist, Social reformer and Freedom fighter who founded ' The Hindu ' newspaper on Thanjavur ( Tamil: தஞ்சாவூர் also known by its Anglicised name Tanjore, and it is the Eleventh largest city in Tamil Nadu (after Aiyer, then 23, along with his 21-year-old fellow-tutor and friend at Pachaiyappa's College, M. Pachaiyappa's College is one of the oldest educational institutions in Chennai, in the South Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Veeraraghavachariar of Chingleput, and four law students, T. T. Rangachariar, P. V. Rangachariar, D. Kesava Rao Pant and N. Subba Rao Pantulu were members of the Triplicane Literary Society. Triplicane (திருவல்லிகேணி situated about a half km from the Bay of Bengal coast and Fort St George, is one of the oldest Central The British-controlled English language local newspapers had been campaigning against the appointment of the first Indian, T. The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Muthuswami Aiyer, to the Bench of the Madras High Court in 1878. The Madras High Court, one of the Landmarks of the metropolis of Chennai, India, and believed to be the second largest judicial complex in the world Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "The Triplicane Six," in an attempt to counter the dominant attitudes in the English language press started The Hindu on one [British] rupee and twelve annas of borrowed money. The British East India Company established its initial settlement in Surat in 1612 and started minting Coins from the mid 17th century An Anna ( Hindustani आना ānā) was a Currency unit formerly used in India, equal to 1/16 Rupee. Aiyer was the editor and Veeraraghavachariar the Managing Director. The first editorial declared, "[the] Press does not only give expression to public opinion, but also modifies and moulds it. "

Three of the students soon left the paper and took up careers in law, while Pantulu continued to write for The Hindu. The founders of the newspaper maintained a neutral stance regarding British rule, and occasionally, as in an editorial of 1894, held that British rule had been beneficial to Indian people. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common "However, it was equally convinced that the Anglo-Indian Press should be challenged, despotic bureaucrats condemned, and the abuse of power exposed," writes historian S. Muthiah. ^[3]

Initially printing 80 copies a week at the Srinidhi Press in Mint Street, Black Town, The Hindu was published every Wednesday evening as an eight-page paper, each a quarter of today's page size and sold for four annas (1/4 Rupee). After a month of printing from the Srinidhi Press, the newspaper switched to the Scottish Press, also in Black Town. The earliest available issue of the paper is dated June 21, 1881. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common In 1881, it moved to Ragoonada Row's 'The Hindu Press' of Mylapore, with the intention of making it tri-weekly. This plan did not materialize until it moved to the Empress of India Press, where, starting on October 1, 1883, is was published on every Monday, Wednesday and Friday evening; it continued maintaining the same size as before. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The offices moved to rented premises at 100 Mount Road on December 3, 1883. Events 1800 - War of the Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden, French Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The newspaper started printing at its own press there, christened "The National Press," which was established on borrowed capital as public subscriptions were not forthcoming. The building itself became The Hindu's in 1892, after the Maharaja of Vizianagaram, Ananda Gajapathi Raju, gave The National Press a loan both for the building and to carry out needed expansion. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Vizia-nagaram (విజయనగరo sometimes spelt as Vijaya-nagaram is the main city of the Vizianagaram District of

Its assertive editorials earned The Hindu the nickname, the Maha Vishnu of Mount Road. "From the new address, 100 Mount Road, which to remain The Hindu's home till 1939, there issued a quarto-size paper with a front-page full of advertisements - a practice that came to an end only in 1958 when it followed the lead of its idol, the pre-Thomson Times - and three back pages also at the service of the advertiser. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1958 ( MCMLVIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Roy Herbert Thomson 1st Baron Thomson of Fleet GBE, DLitt, D The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. In between, there were more views than news. "^[3]After 1887, when the annual session of Indian National Congress was held in Madras, the paper's coverage of national news increased significantly, and led to the paper becoming an evening daily starting April 1, 1889. Year 1887 ( MDCCCLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

The partnership between Veeraraghavachariar and Subramania Aiyer was dissolved in October 1898. Aiyer quit the paper and Veeraraghavachariar became the sole owner and appointed C. Karunakara Menon as editor. However, The Hindu's adventurousness began to decline in the 1900s and so did its circulation, which was down to 800 copies when the sole proprietor decided to sell out. The purchaser was The Hindu's Legal Adviser from 1895, S. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar, a politically ambitious lawyer who had migrated from a Kumbakonam village to practise in Coimbatore and from thence to Madras. Kasturi Ranga Iyengar's ancestors had served the courts of Vijayanagar and Mahratta Tanjore. He traded law, in which his success was middling but his interest minimal, for journalism, pursuing his penchant for politics honed in Coimbatore and by his association with the `Egmore Group' led by C. Sankaran Nair and Dr T. M. Nair.

Post-Independence

In late 1980s when its ownership passed into the hands of the family's younger members, a change in political leaning was observed. Worldpress. org lists the Hindu as a left-leaning independent newspaper. ^[4] This political polarization is supposed to have taken place since N. Ram took over as editor-in-chief. Joint Managing Director N. Murali said in July 2003, "It is true that our readers have been complaining that some of our reports are partial and lack objectivity. But it also depends on reader beliefs. "^[5] N. Ram was appointed on June 27, 2003 as its editor-in-chief with a mandate to "improve the structures and other mechanisms to uphold and strengthen quality and objectivity in news reports and opinion pieces", authorised to "restructure the editorial framework and functions in line with the competitive environment". Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[6] On September 3 and 23, 2003, the reader's letters column carried responses from readers saying the editorial was biased. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English ^[7][8] An editorial in August 2003 observed that the newspaper was affected by the 'editorialising as news reporting' virus, and expressed a determination to buck the trend, restore the professionally sound lines of demarcation, and strengthen objectivity and factuality in its coverage. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth In writing a report is a document characterized by information or other content reflective of inquiry or investigation which is tailored to the context of a given situation and audience Objectivity is a significant principle of Journalistic professionalism. Generally a fact is defined as something that is true something that actually exists or something that can be verified according to an established standard of evaluation ^[9]

In 1987-'88 The Hindu's coverage of the Bofors arms deal scandal, a series of document-backed exclusives set the terms of the national political discourse on this subject. Year 1987 ( MCMLXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays 1987 Gregorian calendar) Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The Bofors scandal was a major corruption Scandal in India in the 1980s the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi and several The Bofors scandal broke in April 1987 with Swedish Radio alleging that bribes had been paid to top Indian political leaders, officials and Army officers in return for the Swedish arms manufacturing company winning a hefty contract with the Government of India for the purchase of 155mm howitzers. During a six-month period the newspaper published scores of copies of original papers that documented the secret payments, amounting to $50 million, into Swiss bank accounts, the agreements behind the payments, communications relating to the payments and the crisis response, and other material. The investigation was led by part-time correspondent of The Hindu, Chitra Subramaniam reporting from Geneva, and was supported by Ram in Chennai. Geneva (Genève is the second-most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich) and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French -speaking The scandal was a major embarrassment to the party in power at the centre, the Indian National Congress, and its leader Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi. Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Rajiv Gandhi राजीव गांधी (raːdʒiːv gaːnd̪ʰiː born in Bombay, (20 August 1944 – 21 May 1991 the elder son of Indira and Feroze The paper's editorial accused the Prime Minister of being party to massive fraud and cover up. ^[10]

In 1991, Deputy Editor N. Year 1991 ( MCMXCI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar. Ravi, Ram's younger brother replaced G. Kasturi as Editor. Nirmala Lakshman, Kasturi Srinivasan's granddaughter, became Joint Editor of The Hindu and her sister, Malini Parthasarathy, Executive Editor.

In 2003, the Jayalalitha Government of the state of Tamil Nadu, of which Chennai is the capital, filed cases against the paper for "breach of privilege" of the state legislative body. Tamil Nadu ( Tamil:, Country of the Tamils, t̪ɐmɨɻ n̪aːɽɯ is one of the 28 states of India. The move was widely perceived as a government's assault on freedom of the press. However, The Hindu emerged unscathed from the ordeal, scoring both political and legal victories, as it instantly commanded the support of the journalistic community throughout the country, as well as the national government's political leadership. ^[11]

The younger generation of The Hindu's editors have also contributed much to its commercial success. They built a modern infrastructure for news-gathering, printing and distribution. Infrastructure typically refers to the technical structures that support a society such as Roads Water supply, Wastewater, Power grids On the look of the newspaper, editor-in-chief Ram writes, "The Hindu has been through many evolutionary changes in layout and design, for instance, moving news to the front page that used to be an ad kingdom; adopting modular layout and make-up; using large photographs; introducing colour; transforming the format of the editorial page to make it a purely 'views' page; avoiding carry-over of news stories from one page to another; and introducing boxes, panels, highlights, and briefs. " Major layout changes appeared starting <date missing< (redesign by Edwin Taylor) and starting Apr 14, 2005 (redesign by Mario Garcia and Jan Kny). The focus of Garcia's redesign was on "giving pre-eminence to text, including (where appropriate and necessary) long text, but also by enabling photographs, other graphics, and white space to have an enhanced role on the pages; by giving the reader more legible typography, an efficient indexing or 'navigation' system, a clear hierarchy of stories, a new and sophisticated colour palette; and by offering the advertiser better value and new opportunities. "^[12]

The Hindu, like many other Indian publishing houses, is family-run. It was headed by G. Kasturi from 1965 to 1991, N. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Ravi from 1991 to 2003, and by his brother, N. Ram, since June 27th 2003. Events 1358 - Republic of Dubrovnik is founded 1709 - Peter the Great defeats Charles XII of Sweden Other family members, including Nirmala Lakshman, Malini Parthasarathy, Nalini Krishnan, N Murali, K Balaji, K Venugopal and Ramesh Rangarajan are directors of The Hindu and its parent company, Kasturi and Sons. S Rangarajan, former managing director and chairman since April 2006, died on 8 February 2007.

Reviews

Commendations

The Times, London choose it as one of the world's ten best newspapers in 1965. The Times is a daily national Newspaper published in the United Kingdom since 1785 when it was known as The Daily Universal Register. Discussing each of its choices in separate articles, The Times wrote:

In 1968, the American Newspaper Publishers' Association awarded The Hindu its World Press Achievement Award. An extract from the citation reads

Criticism

• A media analyst Dasu Krishnamoorty^[13] based on his reading of the newspaper during the period from December 2002 to January 2003, opines that The Hindu gives undue weight to only one side of issues. To prove this, he cites (1)examples of news reports (identifiable by datelines) that opines on the issue reported. ^[14] (These examples appeared in the paper prior to the editor change of August 2003. ) (2)A count of op-ed pieces during the two month period to show that one point of view gets more weightage, while opinions differing from the editorial stance are not adequately represented. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor His main complaint is that the paper does not adequately reflect majority sentiment.

• The organization Friends-of-Tibet criticizes The Hindu for it`s pro-China, anti-Dalai Lama stance. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. It has termed 'The Hindu' as the mouthpiece of the chinese commmunist party. It criticizes the newspaper for reproducing news from Xinhua news agency which is the state owned news agency of the People's Republic of China, ^[15]

• The Reader's editor defense of chinese Official version of ongoing Tibetan protest drew much flake as it went to the extend of Beijing correspondent comparing Dalai Lama to Osama bin Laden , and the editor in Chief's contention that well respected International dailies such as The Guardian, The New York Times were full of editorial judgements . The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ^[16]

• The media research group "The Hoot"^[17] exposed editorialisation of the Tibetan riots by The Hindu in comparison with reports peer dailies. B. Raman ,Additional Secretary (retd), Cabinet Secretariat Research and Analysis Wing, Govt. Research and Analysis Wing ( RAW or R&AW) is India 's external Intelligence agency. of India and founder of the South Asia Analysis Group described The Hindu as the "People’s Daily of Chennai". ^[18]

• The Reader's editor in 2007 issued a possible legal action against people sending critical reviews of the newspaper^[19]

Achievements

The Hindu has many firsts in India to its credit, which include the following

• 1940 - First to introduce colour
• 1963 - First to own fleet of aircraft for distribution
• 1969 - First to adopt facsimile system of page transmission
• 1980 - First to use computer aided photo composing
• 1986 - First to use satellite for facsimile transmission
• 1994 - First to adopt wholly computerized integration of text and graphics in page make-up and remote imaging
• 1995 - First newspaper to go on Internet

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Citations

References

• 125 years of The Hindu
• N. Ram (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2006-04-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.
• Looking Back: The history of The Hindu as told by historian S. Muthiah.
  • Willing to strike and not reluctant to wound (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  • Making news the family business (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  • A clarion call against the Raj (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  • Treading softly - but modernizing apace (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
  • Developing a paper for the new reader (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Retrieved on 2006-04-28. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1192 - Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat (Conrad I King of Jerusalem, in Tyre, two days after his title
• N. Murali (2003-09-13). Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 509 BC - The Temple of Jupiter on Rome 's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September Core values and high quality standards. The Hindu. Retrieved on 2006-04-20. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII.

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