The Bronx
—  Borough of New York City  —
The Bronx is the location of Yankee Stadium
Location of The Bronx shown in yellow. In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City.
Coordinates: 40°50′14″N 73°53′10″W / 40.83722, -73.88611
Country	United States
State	New York
County	Bronx
City	New York City
Settled	1639
Government
- Borough president	Adolfo Carrión Jr.
Area
- Total	57. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous The City of New York Borough President (informally BP, or Beep in slang is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Adolfo Carrion Jr is a Democratic Politician from City Island, located in New York City, New York. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 43 sq mi (148. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 7 km²)
- Land	42. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 03 sq mi (108. 9 km²)
- Water	15. 40 sq mi (39. 9 km²)
Population
- Total	1,332,650
- Density	31,709/sq mi (12,242. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km²)
Website: www.ilovethebronx.com—Official website of the Bronx Borough President

The Bronx is New York City's northernmost borough, coterminous with Bronx County. The City of New York In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city The Bronx is located northeast of Manhattan. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York It is the only one of the city's five boroughs situated primarily on the United States mainland (the others are on islands). The United States of America —commonly referred to as the As of 2006, the United States Census Bureau estimated that the borough's population was 1,361,473,^[1] which ranks fourth of the five boroughs. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census In New York City, a borough is a unique form of government which administers the five fundamental constituent parts that make up the consolidated city Recently, its population, which had been declining since it peaked in 1950,^[2] showed a small increase.

Background

The Bronx is referred to, both legally,^[3] and colloquially,^[4] with a definite article, as The Bronx. (The name of Bronx County, which is coterminous, does not include a the, nor does the USPS in its address database. ^[5]) The name for this region first appeared in the Annexed District of the Bronx created in 1874 out of part of Westchester County and named after the Bronx River, and was continued in the Borough of the Bronx, which included a larger annexation from Westchester County in 1898. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U The Bronx River, approximately 24 miles (38 km long flows through southeast New York in the United States. The use of the definite article is attributed to the style of referring to rivers. ^[6][7] The river itself was named after Jonas Bronck, a Dutch (born in Sweden) sea captain and 1641 resident whose 500 acres (2. Jonas Jonson Bronck (1600?–1643 also known as Jonas Jonasson Bronk or Jonas Joanssen Bronck, was a Dutch immigrant born in Sweden, to The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. 0 km²) farm lay between the Harlem River and the Bronx River, the latter of which was then known as the Aquahung by Native Americans. See also Geography and environment of New York City The Harlem River is a navigable tidal Strait in New York City, USA that The Bronx River, approximately 24 miles (38 km long flows through southeast New York in the United States. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States Another explanation for the use of the definite article in the borough's name is that the original form of the name was possessive: The Bronck's.

The Bronx was called Rananchqua^[8] by the native Siwanoy^[9] band of Lenape, while other Natives knew The Bronx as Keskeskeck. The Native American Siwanoy or Sinanoy were a band of Algonquian-speaking people the Wappani, in what is now the New York City area The shannon (later named Delaware Indians by Europeans were in the 17th century organized bands of Native American peoples with shared cultural and linguistic ^[10] It was divided by the Aquahung River, now known as the Bronx River. The land was first settled by Europeans in 1639, when Jonas Bronck, for whom the area was later named, established a farm along the Harlem River in the area now known as the Mott Haven section. Jonas Jonson Bronck (1600?–1643 also known as Jonas Jonasson Bronk or Jonas Joanssen Bronck, was a Dutch immigrant born in Sweden, to Mott Haven is a Low income neighborhood in the southern tip of The Bronx, New York City. The Dutch and English settlers referred to the area as Bronck's Land. ^[11]

The territory now contained within Bronx County was originally part of Westchester County, an original county of New York state. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U The present Bronx County was contained in four towns: Westchester, Yonkers, Eastchester, and Pelham.

In 1846, a new town, West Farms, was created by division of Westchester; in turn, in 1855, the town of Morrisania was created from West Farms. Morrisania ( is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwestern Bronx, New York City. In 1873, the town of Kingsbridge (roughly corresponding to the modern Bronx neighborhoods of Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn) was established within the former borders of Yonkers. Kingsbridge is a working class residential neighborhood geographically located in the northwest Bronx New York. Riverdale (population approximately 45000 according to the 2000 U Woodlawn (population 7741 is a neighborhood in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. Yonkers is the fourth largest city in the US State of New York (behind Rochester, Buffalo, and New York City) and the largest city in On 1874-01-01, the western portion of the present Bronx County, consisting of the towns of Kingsbridge, West Farms, and Morrisania, was transferred to New York County, and to New York City; the three towns were abolished in the process. Year 1874 ( MDCCCLXXIV) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The City of New York ^[12][13] On 1895-06-06, the Town of Westchester and portions of Eastchester and Pelham, similarly were transferred to New York County and City. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1508 - Maximilian I Holy Roman Emperor, is defeated in Friulia by Venetian forces; he is forced to sign a three-year ^[12][14] City Island, New York City's only nautical community, voted to join New York County in 1896. City Island is a small Island approximately 15 mi (24 km long by. In 1898, the amalgamated City of New York was created, including the Bronx as one of its five boroughs (although still within New York County). On 1912-04-19, those parts of the then New York County which had been annexed from Westchester County in the past decades were newly constituted as Bronx County, while keeping its status as a borough of New York City. Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1012 - Martyrdom of Alphege in Greenwich London. 1529 - At the Second Diet of Speyer ^[12][15] The Bronx hosted the 1918 Worlds Fair at the end of World War I, located at 177 Street and DeVoe Avenue. The Bronx International Exposition of Science Arts and Industries was a World's Fair held in the Bronx New York, United States, in 1918 World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[16]

The Bronx underwent rapid growth after World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants flooded the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency Among these groups, many Irish and Italians but especially Jews settled here. Author Willa Cather, tobacco merchant Pierre Lorillard, and inventor Jordan Mott were famous settlers. Willa Sibert Cather ( December 7, 1873 &ndash April 24, 1947) was an American author who grew up in Nebraska. Pierre Lorillard IV ( October 13 1833 &ndash July 7 1901) was an American Tobacco manufacturer and Thoroughbred In addition, French, German, and Polish immigrants moved into the borough. French Americans or Franco-Americans are citizens or permanent residents of the United States of French descent German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent The Jewish population also increased notably during this time. Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Many synagogues still stand in the Bronx, but most have been converted to other uses. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of

In prohibition days, bootleggers and gangs ran rampant in the Bronx. Rum-running is the business of Smuggling or transporting of Alcoholic beverages illegally usually to circumvent Taxation or Prohibition. Irish, Italian and Polish immigrants smuggled in most of the illegal whiskey. Irish Americans (Gael-Mheiriceánach are citizens of the United States who can claim ancestry originating in Ireland. An Italian American is an American of Italian descent and/or dual citizenship A Polish American is an American citizen of Polish descent There are an estimated 10 million Americans of Polish descent By 1926, the Bronx was noted for its high crime rate and its many speakeasies. A speakeasy was an establishment that surreptitiously sold Alcoholic beverages during the period of United States history known as Prohibition (1920-1933

After the 1930s, the Irish immigrant population in the Bronx decreased. The German population followed suit in the 1940s, as did many Italians in the 1950s and Jews in the 1960s. American Jews, or Jewish Americans As the generation of the 1930s retired, many moved to southeastern Florida, west of Fort Lauderdale and Palm Beach. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Fort Lauderdale, known as the "Venice of America" due to its expansive and intricate Canal system is a city in Broward County, Florida, Palm Beach is an upscale Incorporated town in Palm Beach County, Florida, United States. The migration has left a Hispanic (mostly Puerto Rican and Dominican) and African-American population, along with some white areas in the far southeastern and northwestern parts of the county. Hispanic (hispano hispánico hispânico Hispānus adjective from ''Hispānia'', the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula) is a term that historically A Puerto Rican ('puertorriqueño' ( Taíno term boricua) is a person who was born in Puerto Rico. A Dominican American (also Dominican-York) is an American who has ancestry from the Dominican Republic (not to be mistaken for Dominicans from the Commonwealth African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa

During the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the Bronx went into an era of sharp change in the residents' quality of life. Quality of life is the degree of well-being felt by an individual or group of people Historians and social scientists have put forward many factors. They include the theory that Robert Moses' Cross-Bronx Expressway destroyed existing low-density neighborhoods, as well as the development of high-density housing projects. Robert Moses ( December 18 1888 – July 29 1981) was the "master builder" of mid-20th century New York City, Long The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major expressway ( Freeway) in the New York City borough of The Bronx. Another factor may have been the reduction by insurance companies and banks in offering property-related financial services (mortgages) to some areas of the Bronx — a process known as redlining. Redlining is the practice of denying or increasing the cost of services such as Banking, Insurance, access to jobs access to health care or even Supermarkets

In the 1970s, the Bronx was plagued by a wave of arson. The burning of buildings was mostly in the South Bronx, concentrated especially along Westchester Avenue and in West Farms. The South Bronx is a region of the New York City Borough of The Bronx. The most common explanation of what occurred was that landlords decided to burn their buildings and take the insurance money as profit. ^[17] Competing explanations blamed the insurance companies since their non-renewals of policies encouraged the landlords, or the residents themselves. After the destruction of many buildings in the South Bronx, the arsons slowed significantly in the later part of the decade, but the aftereffects were still felt into the early 1990s.

Since the early 1990s, significant residential development has occurred. Groups affiliated with South Bronx churches have built the Nehemiah Homes with about 1,000 units. This and other developments have began to rebuild the South Bronx, and the ripple effects are felt borough-wide. This is due to many reasons, but primarily to community members working to build the community back up once again by creating affordable housing. Affordable housing is a term used to describe dwelling units whose total housing costs are deemed " affordable " to a group of people within a specified As a result of the growing population, the IRT White Plains Road Line has had an increase in riders. The White Plains Road Line is a Rapid transit line of the IRT division of the New York City Subway, serving the central Bronx. Business chains such as Staples have started stores in the Bronx, and the number of bank branches has increased.

In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, signifying its comeback from the decline of the 1970s. The All-America City Award is given by the National Civic League annually to ten cities in the United States. The National Civic League is an Organization founded in 1894 in Philadelphia Pennsylvania at a meeting of politicians policy-makers journalists and In 2006, the New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings. "^[18]. The borough has experienced substantial new building construction since 2002. Between 2002 and June 2007, 33,687 new units of housing were built or were under way and $4. 799 billion has been invested in new housing. In the first six months of 2007 alone total investment in new residential development was $965 million and 5,187 residential units were scheduled to be completed. Much of the new development is springing up in formerly vacant lots across the South Bronx. ^[19]

Geography

The Bronx is almost entirely situated on the North American mainland. ^[20] The Hudson River separates the Bronx from New Jersey to its west, the Harlem River separates it from the island of Manhattan to the southwest, the East River separates it from Queens to the southeast, and Long Island Sound separates it from Nassau County to the east. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami See also Geography and environment of New York City The Harlem River is a navigable tidal Strait in New York City, USA that Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end Long Island Sound is an Estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and various Rivers in the United States that lies between the coast of Connecticut There is also a Town of Nassau in Rensselaer County. Nassau County is a suburban county in the New York Metropolitan Westchester County is directly north of the Bronx. Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U The Bronx also includes several small islands in the East River and Long Island Sound. The East River is a tidal Strait in New York City. It connects Upper New York Bay on its south end to Long Island Sound on its north end Long Island Sound is an Estuary of the Atlantic Ocean and various Rivers in the United States that lies between the coast of Connecticut Rikers Island in the East River is home to the Rikers island jail facility. Rikers Island is one of New York City 's large jail facilities as well as the name of the 413 Although it is a part of Bronx County, the island is only accessible by a bridge running from Queens to the island.

As a part of New York City, Bronx County contains no other political subdivisions. It is located at 40°42′15″N, 73°55′5″W (40. 704234, -73. 917927). ^[21] According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 148. The United States Census Bureau (officially Bureau of the Census as defined in Title) is the government agency that is responsible for the United States Census 7 km² (57. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 4 sq mi). The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. 108. 9 km² (42. 0 sq mi) of it is land and 39. 9 km² (15. 4 sq mi) of it (26. 82%) is water.

The Bronx River flows south from Westchester County through the borough, emptying into the East River; it is the only freshwater river in New York City. The Bronx River, approximately 24 miles (38 km long flows through southeast New York in the United States. A smaller river, the Hutchinson River, passes through the east Bronx and empties into Eastchester Bay. The Hutchinson River is a small freshwater stream in New York. Eastchester Bay is a protected body of water between City Island and the mainland Bronx, New York. The borough includes two of the largest parks in New York City, Pelham Bay Park and Van Cortlandt Park. Pelham Bay Park, located in the northeast corner of the New York City borough of The Bronx, is at 2764 acres (11 km² the largest public Park Van Cortlandt Park is a 1146 acre (46 km² park located in the Bronx in New York City. Pelham Bay Park includes a large man-made public beach called Orchard Beach, created by Robert Moses. Orchard Beach is a public Beach in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. Robert Moses ( December 18 1888 – July 29 1981) was the "master builder" of mid-20th century New York City, Long Woodlawn Cemetery, one of the largest cemeteries in New York City, is located near the border with Westchester County. This article refers to the Woodlawn Cemetery in the New York City borough of The Bronx Westchester County is a primarily Suburban county located in the U It opened in 1863, at a time when the Bronx was still considered a rural area.

The United States Postal Service zip code prefix is 104xx, meaning all of the Bronx zip codes begin with the zip 104. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The ZIP code is the system of Postal codes used by the United States Postal Service (USPS Like Manhattan, all numbered streets run east-west, with Jerome Avenue as the dividing line, the equivalent of Fifth Avenue in Manhattan. Manhattan Island, in New York Harbor, is much the largest part of the Borough of Manhattan, one of the Five Boroughs which form the City of New York Jerome Avenue is one of the longest thoroughfares in the New York City borough of The Bronx, New York, United States. Broadway, Park Avenue, and 3rd Avenue are continuations of Manhattan avenues. Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. Park Avenue (formerly Fourth Avenue) is a wide boulevard that carries north and southbound traffic in New York City Borough of Manhattan

Neighborhoods

See also: List of Bronx neighborhoods

A Department of City Planning map names 49 neighborhoods in the Bronx. This article features a list of Neighborhoods in The Bronx, one of the Five Boroughs of New York City. Notable Bronx neighborhoods include the South Bronx, Little Italy on Arthur Avenue in the Belmont section, and Riverdale. The South Bronx is a region of the New York City Borough of The Bronx. Arthur Avenue is located in the Fordham section of New York City 's northernmost borough, The Bronx, It was once the heart of the Bronx's " Belmont is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx. Riverdale (population approximately 45000 according to the 2000 U

West Bronx

Main article: West Bronx

The neighborhood of Co-op City is the largest cooperative housing development in the world. The West Bronx is that part of the New York City borough of The Bronx which lies west of the Bronx River; this roughly corresponds to the western half of Co-op City is the largest cooperative housing development in the world

The western parts of the Bronx are hilly and are dominated by a series of parallel ridges, running south to north. The West Bronx has older apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, multifamily homes in its lower income areas as well as larger single family homes in more affluent areas such as Riverdale. Riverdale (population approximately 45000 according to the 2000 U It includes New York City's fourth largest park: Van Cortlandt Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. The Grand Concourse, a wide boulevard runs through it, north to south. The Grand Boulevard and Concourse (almost universally referred to as the Grand Concourse) is likely the most famous street in the borough of The Bronx in Neighborhoods include: Port Morris, Mott Haven, Melrose, Morrisania, East Morrisania, Longwood, Hunts Point, Concourse, Highbridge, West Farms, East Tremont, Tremont, Mount Hope, Morris Heights, University Heights, Belmont, Fordham, Fordham-Bedford, Bedford Park, Norwood, Kingsbridge Heights, Kingsbridge, Riverdale, and Woodlawn.

East Bronx

East of the Bronx River, the borough is flatter, and includes four large low peninsulas or necks of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multifamily homes, as well as smaller and larger single family homes. It includes New York City's largest park: Pelham Bay Park along the Westchester-Bronx border. Neighborhoods include: Harding Park, Soundview, Castle Hill, Parkchester, Westchester Square, Van Nest, Pelham Parkway, Morris Park, Throgs Neck, Country Club, City Island, Pelham Bay, Williamsbridge, Eastchester, Baychester, Edenwald, Wakefield, and Co-op City.

City Island

Main article: City Island, Bronx

City Island is located in Long Island Sound, and is known for its seafood restaurants and waterfront private homes. City Island is a small Island approximately 15 mi (24 km long by. City Island is a small Island approximately 15 mi (24 km long by. City Island's single shopping street, City Island Avenue, is reminiscent of a small New England town. It is connected to the mainland by the City Island Bridge. The City Island Bridge is a bridge in the New York City borough of The Bronx, connecting City Island and the mainland. The Long Island Sound is to its east.

South Bronx

Yankee Stadium,"The House that Ruth Built", and the home of the New York Yankees, is located on 161st and River Avenue in the Bronx. The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. It is soon to be replaced by the New Yankee Stadium, which is scheduled to be completed in 2009. The new Yankee Stadium is a Stadium currently under construction that will serve as the home Baseball park for the New York Yankees.

Main article: South Bronx, New York

The South Bronx has no official boundaries. The South Bronx is a region of the New York City Borough of The Bronx. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx. The informal designation has moved northward in recent decades so that by the 2000s the name, the South Bronx, has come to be applied to the area roughly bound by Fordham Road to the north and the Bronx River to the east. Fordham Road is a major street in The Bronx borough of New York City. Today neighborhoods outside of this area are economically distressed, as well. The South Bronx is filled with high-density apartment buildings, low income public housing complexes, and multi-unit homes. The South Bronx is home to the Bronx County Court House, Borough Hall, and other government buildings, as well as Yankee Stadium. The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City. The Cross Bronx Expressway bisects it, east to west. The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major expressway ( Freeway) in the New York City borough of The Bronx. The South Bronx has some of the poorest neighborhoods in the country, as well as very high crime areas. Neighborhoods include: the Hub, a retail district at Third Avenue and East 149th Street, Mott Haven, Melrose, Morrisania, East Morrisania, Hunts Point, Longwood, Highbridge, Concourse, West Farms, East Tremont, Tremont, Morris Heights, University Heights, Belmont, and Fordham. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (BID is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge East 149th Street Willis Melrose Mott Haven is a Low income neighborhood in the southern tip of The Bronx, New York City. Melrose is a residential neighborhood in the New York City borough of The Bronx. Morrisania ( is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwestern Bronx, New York City. East Morrisania is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx. Demographics Hunts Point has a population of approximately 12000 people Longwood is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx, New York City. Highbridge is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the southwest Bronx New York City. Grand Concourse is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the South Bronx. West Farms is a residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx, New York City. East Tremont is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx, New York City. Tremont is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx, New York City. Morris Heights is a low income residential neighborhood located in the west Bronx University Heights is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx, New York City. Belmont is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx. Fordham is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx.

Government

Main article: Government of New York City

Since New York City's consolidation in 1898, the Bronx has been governed by the New York City Charter that provides for a "strong" mayor-council system. The Mayor-Council government system sometimes called the Mayor-Commission government system is one of two variations of Government used for the most part in modern The centralized New York City government is responsible for public education, correctional institutions, libraries, public safety, recreational facilities, sanitation, water supply, and welfare services in the Bronx.

The office of Borough President was created in the consolidation of 1898 to balance centralization with local authority. Borough President (informally BP, or Beep in slang is an elective office in each of the five boroughs of New York City. Each borough president had a powerful administrative role derived from having a vote on the New York City Board of Estimate, which was responsible for creating and approving the city's budget and proposals for land use. The New York City Board of Estimate was a governmental body in New York City, responsible for budget and land-use decisions In 1989 the Supreme Court of the United States declared the Board of Estimate unconstitutional on the grounds that Brooklyn, the most populous borough, had no greater effective representation on the Board than Staten Island, the least populous borough, a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection Clause pursuant to the high court's 1964 "one man, one vote" decision. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. The Fourteenth Amendment ( Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution is one of the post- Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first The Equal Protection Clause, part of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, provides that "no state shall… deny to any person ^[22] Since 1990 the Borough President has acted as an advocate for the borough at the mayoral agencies, the City Council, the New York state government, and corporations. The Borough President of the Bronx is Adolfo Carrión Jr., elected as a Democrat in 2001 and re-elected in 2005. Adolfo Carrion Jr is a Democratic Politician from City Island, located in New York City, New York. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party.

The Democratic Party holds the majority of public offices. Local party platforms center on affordable housing, education and economic development. Controversial political issues in the Bronx include environmental issues, the cost of housing, and annexation of parkland for New Yankee Stadium. The new Yankee Stadium is a Stadium currently under construction that will serve as the home Baseball park for the New York Yankees.

In 2008, three Democrats, represented the Bronx in the U.S. Congress. The United States House of Representatives is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress; the other is the Senate.

• Jose Serrano represents the sixteenth district which covers much of the South Bronx, including Hunt's Point, Mott Haven, Melrose, Morrisania, High Bridge, Tremont, East Tremont, University Heights, Bedford Park and Fordham. José Enrique Serrano (born October 24, 1943) is a New York politician currently representing the state's 16th congressional district New York's 16th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in the Bronx.

• Eliot Engel represents the seventeenth district which includes parts of the northwest Bronx, including Riverdale, Kingsbridge, Norwood, Woodlawn and Wakefield, as well as parts of Westchester and Rockland counties. Eliot Lance Engel (born February 18, 1947) is an American Democratic politician from the U New York's 17th Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives located in Southern New York.

• Joseph Crowley represents the 7th district which spans the east Bronx and includes Co-op City, City Island, Pelham Bay, Morris Park, Pelham Parkway, Parkchester, Castle Hill and Throgs Neck, as well as parts of northwest Queens. Joseph Crowley (born March 16, 1962) is a Democratic Politician from the U New York's Seventh Congressional District is a Congressional district for the United States House of Representatives in New York City.

The Bronx, as each of the other counties of New York City, has its own criminal court system and District Attorney, the chief public prosecutor who is directly elected by popular vote. A district attorney (DA is in some US jurisdictions the title of the local public official who represents the government in the prosecution of alleged criminals Robert T. Johnson, a Democrat, has been the District Attorney of Bronx County since 1989. He was the first African-American District Attorney in New York State. The Bronx has 9 City Council members. It also has 12 administrative districts, each served by a local Community Board. Community Boards are representative bodies that field complaints and serve as advocates for local residents.

In the 2004 presidential election Democrat John Kerry received 82. } John Forbes Kerry (born December 11 1943 is an American Politician who is currently serving his fourth term as the junior United States Senator 8% of the vote in the Bronx and Republican George W. Bush received 16. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. 5%.

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of The Bronx

Racial concentrations in the Bronx.

Poverty concentrations in the Bronx.

Ethnicity and race

As of the census^[24] of 2000, there were 1,332,650 people, 463,212 households, and 314,984 families residing in the borough. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population The population density was 12,242. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 2/km² (31,709. 3/sq mi). There were 490,659 housing units at an average density of 4,507. 4/km² (11,674. 8/sq mi). The racial makeup (in Census terminology) of the borough was 29. 87% Black or African-American, 35. 47% White (14. 53% White non-Hispanic), 0. 85% Native American, 3. 01% Asian, 0. 10% Pacific Islander, 24. 74% from other races, and 5. 78% from two or more races. Also 48. 38% of the population was Hispanic or Latino of any race. (The 2005 U. S. census estimates that the percentage of Latinos has increased to a majority: 51. 3%. ) The Bronx has one of the highest percentages of Puerto Ricans and Dominicans in the U. S. with 24. 0% and 20. 0%, respectively. However, the Puerto Rican population has slowly been declining over the last few years and the Dominican population has increased.

West Africa is the most frequent region of origin for immigrants to the Bronx. West Africa or Western Africa is the Westernmost Region of the African Continent. U. S. Immigration and Naturalization Service data shows that in 1996, about two-thirds of those Ghanaians arriving in the United States, and nearly three-fourths of those naturalized, live in The Bronx. Many have clustered in Bronx communities along the Grand Concourse. ^[25]

Based on sample data from the 2000 census, the U. S. Census Bureau estimates that 47. 29% of the population five and older speak only English at home. 43. 67% speak Spanish at home, either exclusively or along with English. Other languages or groups of languages spoken at home by more than 0. 25% of the population of the Bronx include Italian (1. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. 36%), Albanian (1. Albanian (sq ''Gjuha shqipe'' ˈɟuha ˈʃcipɛ is an Indo-European language spoken by nearly 6 million peoplewhile others claim that it derives from Daco - 07%), Kru, Ibo, or Yoruba (0. The Kru Languages belong to the Niger-Congo language family and are spoken in the area ranging from the south-east of Liberia to the east of Côte Igbo (Igbo Asusu Igbo) is a language spoken in Nigeria by around 20-35 million people the Igbo, especially in the southeastern region 72%), French (0. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people 54%).

The African-American and Puerto Rican populations have begun to decline in the 2000s,. The Dominican population has increased significantly in the last five years, and is expected to be double from 2000 to 2010. The Jamaican population continues to increase. Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea. Albanians and Russians are some of the recently arrived European immigrants living mainly in the east Bronx. The size of southern Asian-origin ethnicities has grown, including immigrants from Bangladesh and other countries.

Household size and age distribution

There were 463,212 households out of which 38. 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 31. 4% were married couples living together, 30. 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32. 0% were non-families. 27. 4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2. 78 and the average family size was 3. 37.

The age distribution of the population in the Bronx was as follows: 29. 8% under the age of 18, 10. 6% from 18 to 24, 30. 7% from 25 to 44, 18. 8% from 45 to 64, and 10. 1% 65 years of age or older. The median age was 31 years. For every 100 females there were 87. 0 males.

The median income for a household in the borough was $27,611, and the median income for a family was $30,682. Males had a median income of $31,178 versus $29,429 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $13,959. Per capita income means how much each individual receives in monetary terms of the yearly income generated in the country About 28. 0% of families and 30. 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country 5% of those under age 18 and 21. 3% of those age 65 or over.

While the Bronx as a whole is one of the poorest areas in the United States, there is wide variation between neighborhoods, including affluent areas such as Riverdale and Country Club.

The Hub on Third Avenue

Shopping

Prominent shopping areas in the Bronx include Fordham Road, Bay Plaza, The Hub, Riverdale/Kingsbridge Shopping center, Bruckner Blvd. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (BID is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge East 149th Street Willis Melrose Shops are also concentrated on streets aligned underneath elevated lines, including Westchester Avenue, White Plains Road, Jerome Avenue, Southern Blvd and Broadway.

Culture: from Poe to hip-hop

Author Edgar Allan Poe spent the last years of his life (1846 to 1849) in the Bronx at Poe Cottage, now located at Kingsbridge Road and the Grand Concourse. Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, A small wooden farmhouse built about 1812, the cottage once commanded unobstructed vistas over the rolling Bronx hills to the shores of Long Island. Long Island is an island located in southeastern New York, USA, its western shores directly across from Manhattan, from which the island stretches ^[26]

The Bronx's P. L. A. Y. E. R. S. Club Steppers are the only step team to have performed at the White House; they have won numerous titles. Stepping or step-dancing is a form of percussive dance in which the participant's entire body is used as an instrument to produce complex rhythms and sounds through a mixture See also Executive Office of the President of the United States The White House, formerly known as the Executive Mansion, is the Official residence ^[27]

In recent years, the Bronx has become an important center of African-American culture. Hip hop first emerged in the South Bronx in the early 1970s. Hip hop is a cultural movement which developed in New York City in the 1970s primarily among African Americans and Latinos. The New York Times has identified 1520 Sedgwick Avenue "an otherwise unremarkable high-rise just north of the Cross Bronx Expressway and hard along the Major Deegan Expressway" as the starting point, where DJ Kool Herc presided over parties in the community room. The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major expressway ( Freeway) in the New York City borough of The Bronx. The Major William Francis Deegan Expressway (sometimes called " The Major Deegan " or simply " the Deegan " is an 8 Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop ^[28][29] Beginning with the advent of beat match DJing, in which Bronx DJs including Grandmaster Flash, Afrika Bambaataa and DJ Kool Herc extended the breaks of funk records, a major new musical genre emerged that sought to isolate the percussion breaks of hit funk, disco and soul songs. Joseph Saddler (born January 1, 1958 in Bridgetown Barbados) better known as Grandmaster Flash, is an American Hip hop musician Afrika Bambaataa (born Kevin Donovan on April 17, 1957) is an American DJ from the South Bronx, who was instrumental in the Clive Campbell (born April 16 1955 AKA Kool Herc, DJ Kool Herc and Kool DJ Herc, is a Jamaican-born DJ who is credited as originating Hip hop As hip hop's popularity grew, performers began speaking ("rapping") in sync with the beats, and became known as MCs or emcees. The Herculoids, made up of Herc, Coke La Rock, and Clark Kent, were the earliest to gain major fame. The Bronx is referred to in hip-hop slang as "The Boogie Down Bronx", or just "The Boogie Down". This was hip-hop pioneer KRS-One's inspiration for his thought provoking group BDP, or Boogie Down Productions, which included DJ Scott La Rock. Lawrence Krishna Parker (born August 20 1965) better known by his stage name KRS-One, is an American Rapper. Newer hip hop artists from the Bronx include Fat Joe, Big Pun (deceased), Swizz Beatz, Drag-On and Terror Squad. Joseph Cartagena, better known by his Stage name Fat Joe, is an American Rapper of Puerto Rican and Cuban descent and Christopher Lee Rios ( November 9, 1971 - February 7, 2000) better known as Big Punisher or Big Pun, was a Puerto Kasseem Mike Dean (born September 13 1978 better known by his stage name Swizz Beatz, is an American Record producer and Rapper. Melvin Jason Smalls (born February 8, 1979) better known as Drag-on, is an American Rapper from The Bronx, New Terror Squad is a hip hop crew and a Record label from The Bronx, New York that was first established in 1998 on a song in the album

The Bronx is home to several Off-Off-Broadway theaters, many staging new works by immigrant playwrights from Latin America and Africa. Off-Off-Broadway refers to theatrical productions including plays, musicals or Performance art pieces performed in New York City in smaller theatres The Pregones Theater, which produces Latin American work, opened a new 130-seat theater in 2005 on Walton Avenue in the South Bronx. Some artists from elsewhere in New York City have begun to converge on the area, and housing prices have nearly quadrupled in the area since 2002. However rising prices directly correlate to a housing shortage across the city and the entire metro area.

The Bronx Museum of the Arts, founded in 1971, exhibits 20th century and contemporary art through its central museum space and 11,000 square feet (1,000 m²) of galleries. The Bronx Museum of the Arts is a Fine art Museum located on 165th Street and Grand Concourse. Many of its exhibitions are on themes of special interest to the Bronx. Its permanent collection features more than 800 works of art, primarily by artists from Africa, Asia and Latin America, including paintings, photographs, prints, drawings, and mixed media. The museum was temporarily closed in 2006 while it underwent a major expansion designed by the architectural firm Arquitectonica. Arquitectonica is an Architecture, Interior design and planning firm headquartered in Miami Florida, United States.

Other major cultural sites in the Bronx include The New York Botanical Garden, the Bronx Zoo, and the Hall of Fame for Great Americans, a national landmark overlooking the Harlem River and designed by the renowned architect Stanford White and Yankee Stadium which is the home of the New York Yankees

The Bronx in the movies

Originally, movies set in the Bronx portrayed densely-settled, working-class, urban culture. The New York Botanical Garden also known as The NYBG is one of the premier Botanical gardens in the United States, located in New York City. This article is about the zoo for the TV series see The Bronx Zoo (TV series; for the book "The Bronx Zoo" about the Yankees see Sparky Lyle, its Stanford White ( November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American Architect and partner in the architectural firm of The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City. The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. Paddy Chayefsky's Academy Award-winning Marty is the epitome of this, with its tag line, "What are you doing, Marty? Nothing. Sidney Aaron Chayefski ( January 29, 1923 &ndash August 1, 1981) known as Paddy Chayefsky was an acclaimed dramatist who transitioned "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Marty is a low-budget 1955 love story directed by Delbert Mann, starring Ernest Borgnine in the title role and Betsy " This thematic line has continued in the 1993 Robert De Niro/Chazz Palminteri film, A Bronx Tale, Spike Lee's 1999 movie Summer of Sam, centered in an Italian-American Bronx community, 1994's I Like It Like That that takes place in the predominately Puerto Rican neighborhood of the South Bronx, and Doughboys, the story of two Italian-American brothers who are in danger of losing their bakery thanks to one brother's gambling debts. Robert Mario De Niro Jr (born August 17 1943 is a two-time Academy Award -winning American Film Actor, director and producer Chazz Palminteri (born May 15, 1952) is an Academy Award -nominated American Actor and Writer, best known for his A Bronx Tale is a 1993 film set in New York City during the turbulent era of the 1960s Shelton Jackson "Spike" Lee (born March 20 1957 is an Emmy Award -winning and Academy Award -nominated American Film director, Summer of Sam is a 1999 crime - drama - romance - Thriller film based around the Son of Sam serial murders NoteThis article is about the film For the song by Smokey Robinson & The Miracles see " I Like It Like That (Miracles song.

Other movies have used the term Bronx for comic effect, such as the 1995 Jackie Chan film Rumble in the Bronx (Hong faan kui in Cantonese) — which had nothing to do with the real Bronx, and "Bronx", the character on the Disney animated series Gargoyles. Jackie Chan, SBS, MBE (born Chan Kong Sang, 陳港生 on 7 April 1954 is an Actor, action choreographer, Film director Rumble in the Bronx (紅番區 Hong faan kui in Cantonese is a 1995 Hong Kong martial arts - action film starring Gargoyles is an American Animated television series created by Greg Weisman.

Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s launched the phrase the Bronx is burning: in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. An editorial, leader (UK or leading article (UK is an article in a Newspaper or Magazine that expresses the opinion of the Editor Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality The line entered the pop-consciousness with Game Two of the 1977 World Series, when a fire broke out near Yankee Stadium as the team was playing the Los Angeles Dodgers. The 1977 World Series matched the returning American League champion New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers of the National League The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City. The Los Angeles Dodgers are a Major League Baseball team based in Los Angeles California, USA As the fire was captured on live television, announcer Howard Cosell intoned, "There it is, ladies and gentlemen: The Bronx is burning". Howard William Cosell (born Howard William Cohen; March 25 1918 - April 23 1995 was an American sports journalist Historians of New York City frequently point to Cosell's remark as a sign of both the city and the borough's decline. ^[30] A new feature-length documentary film by Edwin Pagan called Bronx Burning is in production^[31] in 2006, chronicling what led up to the arson-for-insurance fraud fires of the 1970s and the subsequent rebirth of the community.

These themes have been especially pervasive in representations of the Bronx in cinema. There are good depictions of Bronx gangs in the 1974 novel The Wanderers by Bronx native Richard Price and the 1979 movie of the same name. Many cities and times have seen active Gangs and gang members congregating and controlling territory however in the 1950s and 60s the youth gangs in the Bronx, New York emerged Richard Price ( February 23, 1723 &ndash April 19, 1791) was a Welsh moral and political philosopher They are set in the heart of the Bronx, showing apartment life and the then-landmark Krums ice cream parlor. In the 1979 film The Warriors, the eponymous gang go to a meeting in Van Cortlandt Park in the Bronx, and have to fight their way back to Coney Island in Brooklyn. The Warriors is a 1979 cult classic action / thriller film directed by Walter Hill and based on the 1965 novel Van Cortlandt Park is a 1146 acre (46 km² park located in the Bronx in New York City. Coney Island is a Peninsula, formerly an island in southernmost Brooklyn, New York City, USA with a Beach on the Atlantic Ocean Brooklyn (named after the Dutch town Breukelen) is one of the five boroughs of New York City. The 2005 video game adaptation features levels called Pelham, Tremont, and "Gunhill" (an apparent corruption of the name Gun Hill Road). Gun Hill Road is a major thoroughfare in the New York City borough of The Bronx.

This theme lends itself to the title of The Bronx is Burning, an eight-part ESPN TV mini-series (2007) about the New York Yankees' drive to winning baseball's 1977 World Series. ESPN, originally an acronym for Entertainment and Sports Programming Network, is an American Cable television network dedicated to The New York Yankees are a professional baseball team based in the borough of The Bronx, in New York City, New York. The 1977 World Series matched the returning American League champion New York Yankees against the Los Angeles Dodgers of the National League The TV series emphasizes the boisterous nature of the team, led by manager Billy Martin, catcher Thurman Munson and outfielder Reggie Jackson, as well as the malaise of the Bronx and New York City in general during that time, such as the blackout, the financial problems, the arson issues, and the election of Ed Koch as mayor. Alfred Manuel "Billy" Martin Jr ( May 16 1928 &ndash December 25 1989) was an American Second baseman and Thurman Lee Munson ( June 7 1947 – August 2 1979) was an American Catcher in Major League Baseball who played Reginald Martinez Jackson (born May 18 1946) nicknamed " Mr Edward Irving Koch (born December 12, 1924;) was a United States Congressman from 1969 to 1977 and the Mayor of New York City from 1978 to 1989

The 1981 film Fort Apache, The Bronx also portrayed the Bronx as gang- and crime-ridden. Fort Apache The Bronx is a 1981 crime Drama film made by Producers Circle Time-Life Television Productions Inc The film's title is from the nickname for the 41st Police Precinct in the South Bronx. This movie was condemned by community leaders for condoning police brutality, and for its unflattering depiction of the borough; former Young Lords member and Puerto Rican activist Richie Perez formed a protest group, The Committee Against Fort Apache. The Young Lords, later Young Lords Organization and in New York (notably Spanish Harlem) Young Lords Party, was a Puerto Rican nationalist By contrast, Knights of the South Bronx, a true story of a teacher who worked with disadvantaged children, is also set in the Bronx. Knights of the South Bronx is a 2005 TV film about a teacher who helps students at a tough inner-city school to succeed by teaching them to play Chess. A more neutral portrayal is Portfolio, a "B" movie starring model Carol Alt (the daughter of a New York fireman) the opening scenes of which are set in and around Ladder 58, Engine 45 at 925 East Tremont Avenue.

The Bronx was the setting for the 1983 film Fuga dal Bronx, also known as Bronx Warriors 2 and Escape 2000, an Italian B-movie best known for its appearance on the television series Mystery Science Theatre 3000. Mystery Science Theater 3000 is an American Cult television comedy series created by Joel Hodgson and produced The plot revolves around a sinister construction corporation's plans to depopulate, destroy and redevelop the Bronx, and a band of rebels who are out to expose the corporation's murderous ways and save their homes. The film is memorable for its almost incessant use of the phrase, "Leave the Bronx!" Amusingly, many of the exterior scenes were filmed in Queens, not the Bronx.

Media

The Bronx has been featured in much fiction. One rich tale is Avery Corman's The Old Neighborhood (1980) in which the upper-middle class white protagonist returns to his birth neighborhood (Fordham Road and Grand Concourse), and learns that even though the folks are poor Hispanic and African-American, they are good people. Avery Corman (born November 28 1935 in the Bronx, New York is an American Novelist.

By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) starts with an account of a similar upper-middle class white protagonist getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having a vicious altercation with a local gang. Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr (born March 2, 1931 in Richmond, Virginia) known as Tom Wolfe, is a Best-selling The Bonfire of the Vanities is a 1987 novel by Tom Wolfe. The story is a drama about ambition racism class politics and greed in 1980s New York City and centers The Major William Francis Deegan Expressway (sometimes called " The Major Deegan " or simply " the Deegan " is an 8 Many cities and times have seen active Gangs and gang members congregating and controlling territory however in the 1950s and 60s the youth gangs in the Bronx, New York emerged A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Court House. However, times change, and in 2007, the New York Times reported that "the Bronx neighborhoods near the site of Sherman's [the protagonist's] accident are now dotted with townhouses and apartments. In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe. Alfred Charles "Al" Sharpton Jr (born October 3 1954 is an American Baptist minister political and civil rights / Social justice Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr (born March 2, 1931 in Richmond, Virginia) known as Tom Wolfe, is a Best-selling "^[32]

Don DeLillo's Underworld (1997) is also extensively set in the Bronx and offers a perspective on the decline of the area from the 1950s onwards. Don DeLillo (born November 20 1936 is an American author best known for his Novels which paint detailed portraits of American life in the late 20th and early 21st centuries Underworld is a postmodern Novel written in 1997 by Don DeLillo.

The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Highbridge Horizon and The Hunts Point Express serve the borough's poorer communities. The editor and co-publisher of The Riverdale Press, Bernard Stein, won the Pulitzer Prize for editorial writing for his editorials about Bronx and New York City issues in 1998. (Stein graduated from the Bronx High School of Science in 1959. The Bronx High School of Science (commonly called Bronx Science, Bronx Sci, or just Science, and officially known as H )

The Bronx once had its own daily newspaper, The Bronx Home News, which started publishing on January 20, 1907 and merged into the New York Post in 1948. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1907 ( MCMVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The New York Post is the 13th-oldest Newspaper published in the United States and generally acknowledged as the oldest to have been published continually It became a special section of the Post, sold only in the Bronx, and eventually disappeared from view.

One of New York City's major non-commercial radio broadcasters is WFUV, a PBS-affiliated 50,000 watt station broadcasting from Fordham University's Rose Hill campus in the Bronx. WFUV, 907 FM in New York City, is Fordham University 's non-commercial Radio station, with studios on campus and its 50000-watt transmitter Fordham University is a private University in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City. The radio station's antenna is atop an apartment building owned by Montefiore Medical Center. Montefiore Medical Center, in The Bronx, New York, is the university hospital of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.

The City of New York has an official television station run by the NYC Media Group and broadcasting from Bronx Community College, and Cablevision operates News 12 The Bronx, both of which feature programming based in the Bronx. NYC Media Group is the City of New York 's agency that handles directly its media assets The Bronx Community College of The City University of New York is a Community college in the City University of New York system located in the University Heights Cablevision Systems Corporation ( is an American Cable television company News 12 Networks comprises seven regional cable news channels in the New York metropolitan area. Co-op City was the first area in The Bronx to have its own cable provider outside of Manhattan. The local cable access station BRONXNET provides public affairs programming in addition to programming produced by Bronx residents. Its website showcases Bronx Music Vol.1, a CD featuring the old and new sounds and artists of The Bronx.

Poetry and The Bronx

See also: Culture of New York City, Music of New York City, and List of people from The Bronx

In poetry, The Bronx has been immortalized by one of the world's shortest couplets:

The Bronx

No Thonx

Ogden Nash, The New Yorker, 1931

Nash later repented 33 years after his calumny, penning in 1964 the following prose poem to the Dean of Bronx Community College:

I can't seem to escape

the sins of my smart-alec youth;

Here are my amends. The culture of New York City is shaped by centuries of immigration the city's size and variety and its status as the cultural capital of the United States The music of New York City is a diverse and important field in the world of music no American city has as central a place in music history as New York City These famous people all resided in The Bronx, New York City, at some time in their lives Frederic Ogden Nash ( August 19, 1902 &ndash May 19, 1971) was an American Poet best known for writing pithy and funny The New Yorker is an American Magazine that publishes reportage commentary criticism essays fiction satire cartoons and poetry The Bronx Community College of The City University of New York is a Community college in the City University of New York system located in the University Heights

I wrote those lines, "The Bronx?

No thonx";

I shudder to confess them.

Now I'm an older, wiser man

I cry, "The Bronx? God

bless them!"^[18]

Lorelei Fountain in Joyce Kilmer Park overlooking Yankee Stadium. The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City.

The Bronx has also become home to a peculiar poetic tribute, in the form of the Lorelei Monument, also known as the Heinrich Heine Memorial. The Loreley (also written as Lorelei) is a rock on the eastern bank of the Rhine near St Christian Johann Heinrich Heine ( December 13, 1797 – February 17, 1856) was a Journalist, Essayist and one of the Created amidst a flourishing of affection for the German language poet in the years leading up to the centennial of Heinrich Heine's 1797 birth, a Tyrolean marble statuary was created in his honor at the end of the 19th century. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Tyrol is a region in Western Central Europe, which included the present day Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of As anti-Semitism gained political currency in Germany in that period, the memorial did not have a home in Germany. Antisemitism (alternatively spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism; also rarely known as judeophobia) is the Prejudice against or hostility ^[33] With the intercession of German-American groups, the memorial finally came to be located in The Bronx, where an inscription recalling its origins suggests that "aesthetic as well as political" obstacles precipitated its relocation from Düsseldorf to Joyce Kilmer Park, near Yankee Stadium in The Bronx. German Americans ( German: Deutschamerikaner) are citizens of the United States of Ethnic German ancestry Düsseldorf (ˈdʏsəldɔɐf is the capital city of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6 1886 &ndash July 30 1918 was an American Journalist, poet literary critic, Lecturer,and editor. The original Yankee Stadium is a Stadium located in The Bronx in New York City.

Transportation

Roads

The Bronx street grid is irregular. The west Bronx's hilly terrain leaves a relatively free street grid that closely resembles that of extreme upper Manhattan which has similar terrain. The West Bronx is that part of the New York City borough of The Bronx which lies west of the Bronx River; this roughly corresponds to the western half of Upper Manhattan denotes the more northerly region of the New York City Borough of Manhattan. Much of the west Bronx follows the Manhattan street grid, and some of the streets are numbered. Because the street numbering carries over from upper Manhattan, the lowest numbered street in the Bronx is East 132nd Street. However, the numbering does not match the Manhattan grid exactly.

The east Bronx is considerably flatter, and the street layout tends to be more regular. The East Bronx is that part of the New York City borough of The Bronx which lies east of the Bronx River; this roughly corresponds to the eastern half Only the Wakefield neighborhood picks up the street numbering. Wakefield is a low-income working-class section of the northern borough of The Bronx in New York City, bounded by the New York city line with Westchester

Three major north-south thoroughfares run between Manhattan and the Bronx: Third Avenue, Park Avenue, and Broadway. Third Avenue is a north-south thoroughfare on the East Side of the New York City borough of Manhattan, running from Cooper Square north for over Park Avenue (formerly Fourth Avenue) is a wide boulevard that carries north and southbound traffic in New York City Borough of Manhattan Broadway, as the name implies is a wide avenue in New York City. Other major north-south roads include the Grand Concourse, Jerome Avenue, Webster Avenue, and White Plains Road. The Grand Boulevard and Concourse (almost universally referred to as the Grand Concourse) is likely the most famous street in the borough of The Bronx in Jerome Avenue is one of the longest thoroughfares in the New York City borough of The Bronx, New York, United States. Webster Avenue is one of the longest thoroughfares in the Bronx. Major east-west streets include Gun Hill Road, Fordham Road, Pelham Parkway, Boston Road and Tremont Avenue. Gun Hill Road is a major thoroughfare in the New York City borough of The Bronx. Fordham Road is a major street in The Bronx borough of New York City. Bronx and Pelham Parkway (usually referred to simply as Pelham Parkway) is a Parkway in the borough of The Bronx in New York City. Tremont Avenue is a two-lane two-way road in The Bronx, New York. Many east-west streets are prefixed with either East or West, to indicate on which side of Jerome Avenue they lie (continuing the similar system in Manhattan,which uses Fifth Avenue as the dividing line).

Several major expressways and highways traverse the Bronx. These include:

• the Bronx River Parkway
• the Bruckner Expressway (I-278/I-95)
• the Cross-Bronx Expressway (I-95/I-295)
• the New England Thruway (I-95)
• the Henry Hudson Parkway (NY-9A)
• the Hutchinson River Parkway
• the Major Deegan Expressway(New York Thruway) (I-87)

Bridges and tunnels

Aerial View of the Throgs Neck Bridge

Many bridges and tunnels connect the Bronx to Manhattan and Queens. The Bronx River Parkway is a long Parkway in Downstate New York. The Bruckner Expressway is a Freeway in The Bronx. It carries Interstate 278 and Interstate 95 (and formerly Interstate 878) Interstate 278 (abbreviated I-278) is an Interstate Highway in the U Interstate 95, the major Interstate Highway along the East Coast of the United States, runs 23 The Cross Bronx Expressway is a major expressway ( Freeway) in the New York City borough of The Bronx. Interstate 95, the major Interstate Highway along the East Coast of the United States, runs 23 Interstate 295 (abbreviated I-295) is a connector route within New York City. The New England Thruway is a portion of the US Interstate highway system and of the New York State Thruway, within and operated by the state of Interstate 95, the major Interstate Highway along the East Coast of the United States, runs 23 The Henry Hudson Parkway is an long Parkway in New York City. New York State Route 9A is a State highway in New York, United States, providing an alternate to US 9 from New York City north to The Hutchinson River Parkway (also known as The Hutch) is an long Parkway in Downstate New York. Interstate 87 (abbreviated I-87) is a 33349 mile (53670 km intrastate Interstate highway located entirely within the state of New York The Throgs Neck Bridge is a Suspension bridge opened on January 11, 1961 carrying Interstate 295 over the East River where it meets the These include, from west to east:

To Manhattan: the Spuyten Duyvil Bridge, the Henry Hudson Bridge, the Broadway Bridge, the University Heights Bridge, the Washington Bridge, the Alexander Hamilton Bridge, the High Bridge, the Concourse Tunnel, the Macombs Dam Bridge, the 145th Street Bridge, the 149th Street Tunnel, the Madison Avenue Bridge, the Park Avenue Bridge, the Lexington Avenue Tunnel, the Third Avenue Bridge (southbound traffic only), and the Willis Avenue Bridge (northbound traffic only). The Spuyten Duyvil Bridge is a Swing bridge that carries Amtrak 's Empire Corridor line across the Spuyten Duyvil Creek between Manhattan The Henry Hudson Bridge is a Steel arch Toll bridge in New York City across the Spuyten Duyvil Creek, a tidal Strait The Broadway Bridge in New York City crosses the Harlem River Ship Canal between Inwood and Marble Hill, both parts of Manhattan (the The University Heights Bridge crosses the Harlem River, connecting West 207th Street in the Inwood neighborhood of Manhattan to West Fordham Road in The Washington Bridge carries six lanes of traffic (plus sidewalks on both sides over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan The Alexander Hamilton Bridge carries eight lanes of traffic over the Harlem River in New York City between the boroughs of Manhattan and the Bronx The High Bridge (officially the Aqueduct Bridge) is a stone Masonry Arch bridge, with a height of almost 140 feet (40 m over the Harlem River The Concourse Tunnel carries the and trains of the New York City Subway under the Harlem River between the boroughs of Manhattan and The Macombs Dam Bridge is a Swing bridge that spans the Harlem River in New York City, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and The Madison Avenue Bridge crosses the Harlem River connecting Madison Avenue in Manhattan with East 138th Street in The Bronx in New The Park Avenue Bridge is a Vertical lift bridge carrying the Metro-North Railroad across the Harlem River between the boroughs of The Lexington Avenue Tunnel carries the, and trains of the New York City Subway under the Harlem River between the boroughs of Manhattan The Third Avenue Bridge carries southbound road traffic on Third Avenue over the Harlem River, connecting the boroughs of Manhattan and The Willis Avenue Bridge is a Swing bridge that carries northbound road traffic (and two-way bicycles and pedestrians over the Harlem River between the

To Manhattan or Queens: the Triborough Bridge

To Queens: the Bronx Whitestone Bridge and the Throgs Neck Bridge

Mass transit

Middletown Road subway station on the 6. The Triborough Bridge, often simply referred to as the Triboro; officially named the Robert F The Bronx-Whitestone Bridge, colloquially referred to as the Whitestone Bridge or simply the Whitestone is a Suspension bridge that crosses the East River and connects The Throgs Neck Bridge is a Suspension bridge opened on January 11, 1961 carrying Interstate 295 over the East River where it meets the Middletown Road is an elevated station of the IRT Pelham Line of the New York City Subway. The 6 Lexington Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway.

NYC Transit bus operating on the Bx40 line in University Heights. University Heights is a low income residential neighborhood geographically located in the west Bronx, New York City.

The Bronx is served by six lines of the New York City Subway:

• IND Concourse Line (B D)
• IRT Broadway-Seventh Avenue Line (1)
• IRT Dyre Avenue Line (5)
• IRT Jerome Avenue Line (4)
• IRT Pelham Line (6 <6>)
• IRT White Plains Road Line (2 5)

Two Metro-North Railroad commuter rail lines (the Harlem Line and the Hudson Line) serve 12 stations in the Bronx. The New York City Subway is a Rapid transit system owned by the City of New York and leased to the New York City Transit Authority, a subsidiary agency The Concourse Line is a subway branch line of the New York City Subway system extending from 205th Street in the Norwood section of the The B Sixth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The D Sixth Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line (also known as the Seventh Avenue Line) is a New York City Subway line The 1 Broadway–Seventh Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The IRT Dyre Avenue Line is a New York City Subway Rapid transit line as part of the A Division ( IRT) The 5 Lexington Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The IRT Jerome Avenue Line of the New York City Subway, also known as IRT Woodlawn Line, was opened in 1917 as a branch of the IRT Lexington Avenue Line The 4 Lexington Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The IRT Pelham Line is a Rapid transit line on the New York City Subway, served by the train The 6 Lexington Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The 6 Lexington Avenue Local is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The White Plains Road Line is a Rapid transit line of the IRT division of the New York City Subway, serving the central Bronx. The 2 Seventh Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The 5 Lexington Avenue Express is a Rapid transit service of the New York City Subway. The Metro-North Commuter Railroad Company, or MTA Metro-North Railroad, or more commonly Metro-North, is a Suburban commuter rail service Metro-North 's Harlem Line, originally chartered as the New York & Harlem Railroad, is an 82-mile (132 km Commuter rail line running north from New Metro-North Railroad 's Hudson Line is a Commuter rail line running north from New York City along the east shore of the Hudson River. In addition, trains serving the New Haven Line stop at Fordham Road. Metro-North's New Haven Line runs from New Haven Connecticut southwest to Woodlawn New York on the Harlem Line, where New Haven Line trains The Fordham Metro-North Railroad station serves the residents of the Fordham neighborhood of The Bronx New York via the Harlem Line and

See also: Transportation in New York City

Education

Bronx High School of Science

Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions. The transportation system of New York City is a cooperation of complex systems of infrastructure The Bronx High School of Science (commonly called Bronx Science, Bronx Sci, or just Science, and officially known as H Public schools in the borough are managed by the New York City Department of Education. The New York City Department of Education ( NYCDOE) is the branch of municipal government in New York City that manages the city's public school system Private schools range from elite independent schools to parochial schools run by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York and Jewish organizations.

Many high schools are located in the borough including the Bronx High School of Science, American Studies, De Witt Clinton, and the Grace H. The Bronx High School of Science (commonly called Bronx Science, Bronx Sci, or just Science, and officially known as H The High School of American Studies at Lehman College, also called HSAS or "American Studies" is one of nine specialized high schools in New York City DeWitt Clinton High School is an American high school located in the New York City borough of the Bronx. Dodge Vocational & Technical H. S. . Parochial (Catholic-linked) high schools include St. Raymond High School for Boys, All Hallows High School, Cardinal Hayes, Cardinal Spellman High School, Fordham Preparatory School, Academy of Mount Saint Ursula, Aquinas High School, Preston, St. St Raymond High School for Boys is a Parochial High school affiliated with the New York U All Hallows High School is a Catholic boys high school in The Bronx, New York Cardinal Hayes Memorial High School for Boys is a Catholic High school in the Bronx, New York City. Cardinal Spellman High School is the name of several schools including Cardinal Spellman High School (Brockton Massachusetts Cardinal Spellman Fordham Preparatory School (also known as Fordham Prep) is a private Jesuit all-boys high school located in the Bronx, New York City, with an Aquinas High School is an all-girls private, Roman Catholic High school in The Bronx, New York -- 678718835 ( talk) 2126 6 October 2008 (UTC Preston High School is a Roman Catholic High school for Catharines Academy, and Mount Saint Michael Academy. Mount Saint Michael Academy is an all-boys Roman Catholic High School in The Bronx, New York (in the Archdiocese of New York) The Bronx is home to three of New York City's most elite private schools: Fieldston, Horace Mann, and Riverdale Country School. The Ethical Culture Fieldston School, known as Fieldston is a private "independent" school in New York City and a member of the Ivy Preparatory The Horace Mann School is an independent College preparatory school in New York City. Riverdale Country School is a co-educational independent college-preparatory day school in New York City.

In the 1990s New York City began closing large, public high schools in The Bronx and replacing them with small high schools. Cited reasons for the changes include poor graduation rates and concerns about safety. Schools that have been closed or reduced in size include James Monroe, Taft, Theodore Roosevelt, Adlai Stevenson, Evander Childs, Christopher Columbus, Morris, Walton, and South Bronx High Schools. William Howard Taft High School was a high school in South Bronx, New York City. Theodore Roosevelt High School was a public Secondary school located in The Bronx, New York City, United States. Christopher Columbus High School is a public Secondary school located in the Pelham Parkway, northeast section of the Bronx, New York. Walton High School was a Secondary school located in the Kingsbridge neighborhood of the Bronx borough in More recently the City has started phasing out large middle schools, also replacing them with smaller schools.

Fordham University's Keating Hall. Fordham University is a private University in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City.

Several colleges and universities are located in The Bronx. Fordham University, a coeducational undergraduate and graduate university, was founded in 1841. Fordham University is a private University in the United States, with three campuses located in and around New York City. It is officially an independent institution but strongly embraces its Jesuit heritage. The Bronx campus, known as Rose Hill, is the main campus of the university (other Fordham campuses are located in Manhattan and Westchester County). Additionally, the main campus of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, part of Yeshiva University, is in Morris Park. For the engineering company see AECOM The Albert Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM is a graduate school of Yeshiva University Yeshiva University is a private Jewish University in New York City whose first component was founded in 1886. Three campuses of the City University of New York are in The Bronx, including Bronx Community College (occupying the former University Heights Campus of New York University), Hostos Community College, and Lehman College (formerly the uptown campus of Hunter College). The City University of New York (CUNY Acronym ˈkjuːni is the public University system of New York City. The Bronx Community College of The City University of New York is a Community college in the City University of New York system located in the University Heights New York University ( NYU) is a private, Nonsectarian, Coeducational Research University in New York City. Eugenio María de Hostos Community College of The City University of New York is a Community college in the City University of New York system Lehman College is one of the constituent Colleges of the City University of New York, USA. Hunter College High School|Hunter College Elementary School Hunter College of the City University of New York is a senior college of the City University of New York The College of Mount Saint Vincent is a Catholic liberal arts college located Riverdale and is under the direction of the Sisters of Charity of New York. The College of Mount Saint Vincent is a Catholic Liberal arts college located in the Riverdale section of The Bronx, New York Founded in 1847 as a school for girls, the academy became a degree-granting college in 1911 and began admitting men in 1974. The school serves 1,600 students. Manhattan College is a Catholic college in Riverdale. Manhattan College is a Roman Catholic liberal arts college in the Lasallian tradition in New York City. Manhattan College offers undergraduate programs in the arts, business, education, engineering, and science. Graduate programs are offered for education and engineering. Monroe College is a private college with a campus in the Bronx. Monroe College is a private college with campuses in the Bronx and New Rochelle New York. It offers both two-year and four-year programs. The State University of New York Maritime College is a national leader in maritime education.

See also: Education in New York City

See also

• List of people from The Bronx

References

Further reading

• Briggs, Xavier de Souza, Anita Miller and John Shapiro. 1996. "CCRP in the South Bronx. " Planners' Casebook, Winter.

External links

• Official Website of the Bronx Borough President
• Bronx.com presents The Bronx Times - Everything Bronx
• Bronx County at the Open Directory Project
• Bronx Nostalgia, photos, narratives, personal accounts, school alumni, videos
• Weekly Bronx Report from Inner City Press
• I Love The Bronx
• Sustainable South Bronx
• NYC MTA Transit Bus Map of The Bronx
• The Bronx: A Swedish Connection
• The Bronx River Alliance
• The Bronx Zoo
• The New York Botanical Garden
• Walking tour of the Grand Concourse Boulevard-Cross Bronx Expy area
• Bronx River Art Center
• Forgotten New York: Relics of a Rich History in the Everyday Life of New York City
• Wave Hill: New York Public Garden and Cultural Center
• The Bronx County Historical Society
• Poe Cottage
• Walk in the Bronx

• The Bronx is at coordinates 40°50′14″N 73°53′10″W / 40.8373, -73.8860 (The Bronx)Coordinates: 40°50′14″N 73°53′10″W / 40.8373, -73.8860 (The Bronx)