Tetrahydrogestrinone
Systematic (IUPAC) name
(13S,17S)-13,17-diethyl-17-hydroxy-1,2,6,7,8,13,14,15,16,17- decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Identifiers
CAS number	618903-56-3
ATC code	?
PubChem	?
Chemical data
Formula	C21H28O2
Mol. mass	312. IUPAC Nomenclature is a system of naming Chemical compounds and of describing the science of Chemistry in general CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for Chemical compounds Polymers biological sequences mixtures and Alloys They are also referred to The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs It is controlled by the WHO Collaborating Centre for Drug PubChem is a Database of chemical Molecules The system is maintained by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI a component A chemical formula is a way of expressing information about the Atoms that constitute a particular Chemical compound, and how the relationship between those atoms changes Carbon (kɑɹbən is a Chemical element with the symbol C and its Atomic number is 6 Hydrogen (ˈhaɪdrədʒən is the Chemical element with Atomic number 1 Oxygen (from the Greek roots ὀξύς (oxys (acid literally "sharp" from the taste of acids and -γενής (-genēs (producer literally begetteris the The molecular mass (abbreviated m of a substance, more commonly referred to as molecular weight and abbreviated as MW, is the Mass of one 46 g/mol
Synonyms	Tetrahydrogestrinone, THG, The Clear
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	?
Metabolism	?
Half life	?
Excretion	?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	?
Legal status	Schedule I(US)
Routes	Oral, Intramuscular

Tetrahydrogestrinone (often referred to as THG or The Clear) is an anabolic steroid. This article deals with the general meaning of the term "synonym" In Pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered Dose of unchanged drug that reaches the Systemic circulation, one of Drug metabolism is the Metabolism of drugs, their Biochemical modification or degradation usually through specialized enzymatic systems The biological half-life of a substance is the time it takes for a substance (drug radioactive nuclide or other to lose half of its pharmacologic physiologic or radiologic activity Excretion is the process of eliminating waste products of Metabolism and other non-useful materials The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical if it is used as directed by the mother during The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction The Controlled Substances Act ( CSA) was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In Pharmacology and Toxicology, a route Anabolic steroids, or anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS) are a class of Steroid hormones related to the hormone Testosterone. It has affinity to the androgen receptor and the progesterone receptor, but not to the estrogen receptor. The androgen receptor ( AR) also known as NR3C4 (nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 4 is a type of Nuclear receptor which is activated by The progesterone receptor ( PR) also known as NR3C3 ( Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 3 is an intracellular Steroid receptor that ^[1] The drug has been considered a designer drug, closely related to the banned anabolic steroids gestrinone and trenbolone,^[2] and was banned by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) at the end of 2003. Designer drug is a term used to describe Psychoactive drugs which are created (or marketed if they had already existed to get around existing Drug laws Gestrinone is a synthetic Steroid Hormone that acts as an anti- Progestin and also has some Androgenic activity Trenbolone is a Steroid used by Veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite ^[3]

Pharmacology

Structure-activity relationship studies report that the potency of the drug is outstanding, surpassing, on a milligram per milligram basis, every known synthesized or commercial available anabolic steroid at the time of its development. Structure-activity relationship s ( SAR) are the traditional practices of Medicinal chemistry which try to modify the effect or the potency (i Anabolic steroids, or anabolic-androgenic steroids ( AAS) are a class of Steroid hormones related to the hormone Testosterone. It is a highly potent agonist for the androgen and progesterone receptors,^[4] around 10 times more potent than the comparison drugs nandrolone or trenbolone, but with no estrogenic activity. An agonist is a term used to describe a type of ligand or drug that binds and alters the activity of a receptor. Androgen is the generic term for any natural or synthetic compound usually a Steroid Hormone, that stimulates or controls the development and maintenance of masculine Progesterone is a C-21 Steroid Hormone involved in the Female Menstrual cycle, Pregnancy (supports Gestation Nandrolone is an Anabolic steroid that may be present naturally in the human body, albeit in minute quantities of less than 0 Trenbolone is a Steroid used by Veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite Estrogens (US otherwise oestrogens or œstrogens) are a group of Steroid compounds named for their importance in the Estrous cycle, It has been found to bind to the androgen receptor with similar affinity to dihydrotestosterone and produces growth of muscle tissue. Dihydrotestosterone ( DHT) (Full name 5α-Dihydrotestosterone, abbreviating to 5α-DHT; INN: androstanolone; commonly called ^[5]

Side effects

Side effects from prolonged use are likely to include infertility in both men and women, as well as other steroid side effects such as acne and hirsutism. Female infertility|Male infertility Infertility primarily refers to the biological inability of a Man or a Woman to contribute to conception. Hirsutism (from Latin hirsutus = shaggy hairy is defined as excessive and increased Hair growth in women in locations where the occurrence of Terminal ^[6] Unlike most other anabolic steroids, THG also binds with high affinity to the glucocorticoid receptor, and while this effect may cause additional weight loss, it is also likely to cause extra side effects such as immunosuppression that are not seen with most other steroids. Glucocorticoids (GC are a class of Steroid hormones characterised by an ability to bind with the glucocorticoid receptor ( GR) and trigger similar effects Immunosuppression involves an act that reduces the activation or Efficacy of the Immune system. ^[7]

History

For a time, THG was considered the drug of choice for safe and "invisible" world record breaking in athletics, being used by several high profile gold medal winners such as the sprinter Marion Jones, who resigned from her athletic career in 2007 after admitting to using THG prior to the 2000 Sydney Olympics, where she had won three gold medals. Marion Lois Jones, also known as Marion Jones-Thompson (born October 12, 1975 in Los Angeles California) is a former world champion American "I am proud and happy to proclaim that you have presented to the world the best Olympic Games ever ^[8]

It has also been used by banned British athlete Dwain Chambers

The drug was made public when the United States Anti-Doping Agency (USADA) was contacted by an anonymous athletics coach, later identified as Trevor Graham, who claimed that several top athletes were using THG and provided the USADA with a syringe containing THG, which the USADA then used to develop a test for the substance. Dwain Anthony Chambers (born 5 April 1978 is an English sprinter of Afro-Caribbean descent The United States Anti-Doping Agency ( USADA) which began operations on October 1, 2000, is a non-governmental agency responsible for implementation of Trevor Graham is a Jamaican born former athletics coach, based in the United States. ^[9]

THG was developed by Patrick Arnold, of the Bay Area Laboratory Co-operative (BALCO), an American nutritional supplement company. Patrick Arnold is an American Organic chemist responsible for creating the designer steroid Tetrahydrogestrinone, also known as THG The Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative also known as BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. ^[10] The company manufactured the drug through palladium-charcoal catalyzed hydrogenation from gestrinone, a substance used in gynecology for treatment of endometriosis. Gestrinone is a synthetic Steroid Hormone that acts as an anti- Progestin and also has some Androgenic activity Endometriosis (from endo, "inside" and metra, " Womb " is a common medical condition characterized by growth beyond or outside the uterus

THG had been distributed to several leading athletes, including many during the BALCO scandal. The Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative also known as BALCO was an American company led by founder and owner Victor Conte. Some of the higher profile athletes accused of THG usage, such as baseball superstar Barry Bonds and Olympic Gold Medalist Marion Jones, have told reporters and investigators that they did not knowingly take THG, claiming that coaches told them the substance was a flaxseed oil supplement. Barry Lamar Bonds (born July 24 1964 is a Major League Baseball Outfielder who is currently a Free agent. Marion Lois Jones, also known as Marion Jones-Thompson (born October 12, 1975 in Los Angeles California) is a former world champion American Linseed oil, also known as flax seed oil or simply flax oil, is a clear to yellowish Drying oil derived from the dried ripe seeds of the Flax Bonds has since been indicted on four counts of perjury and one count of obstruction of justice for his testimony to the BALCO grand jury, while Jones admitted on October 5, 2007 that she had lied to investigators about her use of THG and has surrendered her Olympic medals to the USOC. Events 869 - The Fourth Council of Constantinople is convened to decide about what to do about Patriarch Photius of Constantinople Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. On November 23, 2007, the International Association of Athletics Federations struck all of Marion Jones' results since September 2000, including her Olympic medal-winning performances, from its record books, and recommended that the IOC formally strip her of her Olympic medals. Events 800 - Charlemagne arrives at Rome to investigate the alleged crimes of Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The International Association of Athletics Federations ( IAAF) is the international governing body for the sport of athletics. The IAAF also recommended her Olympic relay teammates also be stripped of their medals. ^[11] On December 12, the IOC formally stripped Jones of all her 2000 Olympic medals. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian ^[12]

References

External links

• The identity of the whistle-blowing coach
• This Is Very Clever Chemistry from the Washington Post, December 4, 2004
• http://www.steroidlist.com/