Citizendia

Tenzin Gyatso
14th Dalai Lama of Tibet

Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama
Reign17 November 1950–Present
Coronation17 November 1950
Full nameJetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso
Tibetanབསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་
Wylie translit.bstan ’dzin rgya mtsho
Pronunciationtɛ̃tsĩ catsʰo (IPA)
Transcription (PRC)Dainzin Gyaco
THDLTenzin Gyatso
Chinese丹增嘉措
Pinyin ChineseDānzēng Jiācuò
Born6 July 1935 (1935-07-06) (age 72)
BirthplaceQinghai, China[1]
PredecessorThubten Gyatso
Royal HouseDalai Lama
FatherChoekyong Tsering
MotherDiki Tsering

Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso (born Llhamo Döndrub (Tibetan: ལ; Wylie: Lha-mo Don-'grub) 6 July 1935 in Qinghai[1]), is the 14th and current Dalai Lama. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Tibetan pinyin is the official transcription system for the Tibetan language in the People's Republic of China. The THDL Simplified Phonetic Transcription of Standard Tibetan (or THDL Phonetic Transcription for short is a system for the phonetic rendering of the Tibetan A Chinese character, also known as a Han character ( is a Logogram used in writing Chinese (hanzi Japanese ( Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. This article discusses history of the state which currently governs Taiwan Area. Thubten Gyatso ( February 12, 1876 – December 17, 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. The Tibetan script is an Abugida of Indic origin used to write the Tibetan language as well as the Dzongkha language, Ladakhi language The Wylie transliteration scheme is a method for transliterating the Tibetan script using the keys on a typical English language Typewriter. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. [2] The Dalai Lama is a revered spiritual leader among Tibetans and exerts a powerful influence over the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. The Gelug or Gelug-pa, also known as the Yellow Hat sect, is a school of Buddhism founded by Tsongkhapa (1357–1419 a Philosopher Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including He is head of the Tibetan Government in Exile in Dharamsala, India. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country [3][4][5] A Nobel Peace Prize laureate, he is also the world's best-known Buddhist monk. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor A Bhikkhu ( Pāli) or Bhiksu ( Sanskrit) is a fully ordained male Buddhist Monastic. However, the government of the People's Republic of China regards him as the symbol of an outmoded theocratic system. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Theocracy is a form of government in which a god or deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler [6]

Tenzin Gyatso was the fifth of 16 children born to a farming family in the village of Taktser, Qinghai province[1] where he learned the Amdo dialect of Tibetan as his first language. Taktser or Tengtser ( Tibetan: Roaring Tiger) is a Tibetan village in the cultural region of Amdo. (青海 qīnghǎi is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake. Amdo ( Tibetan: ཨ༌མདོ Chinese transliteration 安多, Pinyin: Ānduō is one of the A dialect (from the Greek word διάλεκτος dialektos) is a variety of a Language that is characteristic of a particular group of [7][8] He was proclaimed the tulku (rebirth) of the thirteenth Dalai Lama two years after he was born. A tulku ( also tülku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist Lama who has through Phowa and Siddhi, consciously Thubten Gyatso ( February 12, 1876 – December 17, 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet. On 17 November 1950, at the age of fifteen, he was enthroned as Tibet's Dalai Lama, thus becoming Tibet's most important political ruler. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This occurred only one month after the People's Liberation Army's invasion of Tibet. The People's Liberation Army ( PLA) ( is the unified Military organization of all land sea and air forces of the People's Republic of China.

After initially ratifying, under military pressure, the 1951 Seventeen Point Agreement, he left Tibet for India following the failed uprising and the collapse of the Tibetan resistance movement in 1959. The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, or the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The 1959 Tibetan uprising, or 1959 Tibetan Rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when an anti-Chinese and anti-Communist revolt erupted in Lhasa The initial People's Republic of China's military invasion of Tibet in 1950 met with high resistance in the heart of the country In India he was active in establishing the Tibetan Government in Exile and in seeking to preserve Tibetan culture and education among the thousands of refugees who accompanied him. The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning "to cultivate" generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic Education encompasses both the Teaching and Learning of Knowledge, proper conduct, and technical competency [9]

Tenzin Gyatso is described as a "charismatic" figure[7][10] and noted public speaker. He is the first Dalai Lama to travel to the West. The term Western world, the West or the Occident ( Latin: occidens -sunset -west as distinct from the Orient) can have multiple meanings There, he has helped to spread Tibetan Buddhism and to promote the concepts of universal responsibility, secular ethics, and religious harmony. Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside of Asia. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1989,[7][11] honorary Canadian citizenship in 2006, and the United States Congressional Gold Medal on 17 October 2007. The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Honorary Canadian citizenship ( French: Citoyenneté canadienne honoraire) is an honour wherein Canadian citizenship is bestowed by the Governor The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [12]

Contents

Early life and background

Birthplace in Taktser, Tibet
Birthplace in Taktser, Tibet

Tenzin Gyatso was born to a farming family as Lhamo Döndrub or Lhamo Thondup in Taktser[13] a small and poor settlement that stands on a hill overlooking a broad valley. Taktser or Tengtser ( Tibetan: Roaring Tiger) is a Tibetan village in the cultural region of Amdo. His parents, Choekyong and Diki Tsering, were relatively wealthy farmers among about twenty other families, all making a precarious living growing barley, buckwheat and potatoes. Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Buckwheat refers to plants in two genera of the Dicot family Polygonaceae: the Eurasian genus Fagopyrum, and the North American genus The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae

His parents had sixteen children, and Tenzin Gyatso is the fifth eldest of the nine who survived childhood. The eldest child was his sister Tsering Dolma, who was eighteen years older than he. His eldest brother, Thupten Jigme Norbu, has been recognised as the rebirth of the high Lama, Taktser Rinpoche. Lama ( is a title for a Tibetan teacher Taktser Rinpoche is a Tibetan Lama. Thupten Jigme Norbu, the brother of Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama of Tibet is recognized His sister Jetsun Pema went on to depict their mother in the 1997 film Seven Years in Tibet. Jetsun Pema ( Tibetan: རྗེ་བཙུན་པདྨ་ rje btsun padma) is the living sister of the fourteenth Dalai Lama of Tibet, born Seven Years in Tibet is a 1997 film based on the book of the same name written by Austrian Mountaineer and onetime SS Nazi His other elder brothers are Gyalo Thondup and Lobsang Samden.

Tenzin Gyatso as a boy
Tenzin Gyatso as a boy

When Tenzin Gyatso was about two years old a search party was sent out to find the new incarnation of the Dalai Lama. Incarnation which literally means embodied in flesh, refers to the conception and birth of a sentient creature (generally a human who is the [7] Among other omens, the head on the embalmed body of the thirteenth Dalai Lama (originally facing south) had mysteriously turned to face the northeast, indicating the direction in which the next Dalai Lama would be found. Thubten Gyatso ( February 12, 1876 – December 17, 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet. Shortly afterwards, the Regent Reting Rinpoche had a vision at the sacred lake of Lhamo La-tso indicating Amdo (as the place to search) and a one-story house with distinctive guttering and tiling. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Reting Rinpoche ( is the title held by abbots of Reting Monastery, a Buddhist monastery in central Tibet. In Spirituality including Religion, visions comprise Inspirational renderings generally of a Future state and/or of a mythical Lhamo La-tso or Lhamo Latso ( Tibetan:ལྷ་མོ་བལ་མཙོ། Wylie: Lha mo bla mtsho) the small oval 'Oracle Lake' is where After extensive searching, they found that Thondup's house resembled that in Reting's vision. They presented Thondup with various relics and toys—some had belonged to the previous Dalai Lama while others had not. It was reported that Thondup correctly identified all items owned by the previous Dalai Lama, exclaiming "That's mine! That's mine!"[14][15]

Thondup was recognised as the reincarnated Dalai Lama and renamed Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso ("Holy Lord, Gentle Glory, Compassionate, Defender of the Faith, Ocean of Wisdom"). "Defender of the Faith" redirects here For the 1984 platinum album of British heavy metal group Judas Priest, see Defenders of the Faith Tibetan Buddhists normally refer to him as Yishin Norbu ("Wish-Fulfilling Gem"), Kyabgon ("Savior"), or just Kundun ("Presence"). Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including In the West, his followers often call him "His Holiness the Dalai Lama," which is the style that he uses himself on his website. A style of office, or honorific, is a term which by Tradition or Law precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or Title, or to the

The Dalai Lama began his monastic education at the age of six, his main Teachers being Yongdzin Ling Rinpoche (Senior Tutor) and Yongdzin Trijang Rinpoche (Junior Tutor). Kyabje Trjang Rinpoche (1900-1981 was a Gelug Lama and a direct disciple of Je Pabongka. At age eleven he met Austrian mountaineer Heinrich Harrer, after spying him in Lhasa through his telescope. Heinrich Harrer ( July 6, 1912 – January 7, 2006) was an Austrian mountaineer sportsman Geographer Harrer effectively became one of the young Dalai Lama's tutors, teaching him about the outside world. The two remained friends until Harrer's death in 2006. In 1959, at age 25 he sat for his final examination in Lhasa's Jokhang Temple during the annual Monlam (prayer) Festival. Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the The Jokhang, () also called the Qokang, Jokang, Jokhang Temple, Jokhang Monastery or Tsuklakang (gTsug lag khang, is the first He passed with honors and was awarded the Lharampa degree, the highest-level geshe degree (roughly equivalent to a doctorate in Buddhist philosophy). Geshe (Tib dge bshes, "virtuous knowledge/wisdom" cognate of Skt Buddhist philosophy deals extensively with problems in Metaphysics, phenomenology, Ethics, and Epistemology. [7][16]

Life as the Dalai Lama

The Dalai Lama's former quarters at the Potala, Lhasa
The Dalai Lama's former quarters at the Potala, Lhasa

As well as being one of the most influential spiritual leaders of Tibetan Buddhism, the Dalai Lama by tradition is also Tibet's absolute political ruler. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the In 1939 at the age of four he was taken by lamas in a procession to Lhasa, where an official ceremony recognized him as the reborn spiritual leader of Tibet. Lhasa, ( in English l̥ʰásə or in Tibetan; Chinese: 拉萨 Pinyin: Lāsà sometimes spelled Lasa, is the administrative capital of the His childhood was spent between the Potala and Norbulingka, his summer residence. The Potala Palace () is located in Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China. Norbulingka also refers to the Norbulingka Institute. Norbulingka (ནོར་བུ་གླིང་ཀ་ Wylie: Nor-bu-gling-ka

On 17 November 1950, at the age of fifteen, with the country facing possible conflict with the People's Republic of China, Tenzin Gyatso was enthroned as the temporal leader of Tibet. Events 284 - Diocletian is proclaimed emperor by his soldiers Year 1950 ( MCML) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES His governorship, however, was short. In October of that year the army of the People's Republic of China entered the territory controlled by the Tibetan administration, easily breaking through the Tibetan defenders.

The Dalai Lama sent a delegation to Beijing and, although under PLA military pressure, ratified[17][18] the subsequent Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet and tried to work with Beijing. The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, or the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful In September 1954, the Dalai Lama and the 10th Panchen Lama went to Beijing to attend the first session of the first National People's Congress, meeting Mao Zedong. The Panchen Lama ( Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ་ Chinese: 班禪喇嘛 is the second highest ranking Lama after the Dalai Lama A similar term is "National Congress" which is a less common translation of People's Political Consultative Conference. Mao Zedong ( 26 December 1893 – 9 September 1976) was a Chinese Military and political leader who led [19] However, during 1959, there was a major uprising among the Tibetan population. In the tense political environment that ensued, the Dalai Lama and his entourage began to suspect that China was planning to kill him. Consequently, he fled to Tawang, India, on 17 March of that year, entering India on 31 March during the Tibetan uprising. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Events 45 BC - In his last victory Julius Caesar defeats the Pompeian forces of Titus Labienus and Pompey the Younger Events 307 - After divorcing his wife Minervina, Constantine marries Fausta, the daughter of the retired Roman Emperor

Exile to India

Jawaharlal Nehru and the Dalai Lama in Mussoorie, at their first meeting after he fled Tibet in 1959.
Jawaharlal Nehru and the Dalai Lama in Mussoorie, at their first meeting after he fled Tibet in 1959. Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mussoorie is a city and a Municipal board, about 34 km from Dehradun and in Dehradun district

The Dalai Lama met with the Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, to urge India to pressure China into giving Tibet an autonomous government, as relations with China were not proving successful. The Prime Minister of India is head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the latter in the administration of the affairs of the executive Jawaharlal Nehru (जवाहरलाल नेहरू ʤəʋäɦəɾläl nɛɦɾu (14 November 1889 27 May 1964 was a major political leader of the Congress Party China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Nehru did not want to increase tensions between China and India, so he encouraged the Dalai Lama to work on the Seventeen Point Agreement Tibet had with China. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, or the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Eventually, after the failed uprising in 1959, the Dalai Lama fled Tibet and set up the Government of Tibet in Exile in Dharamsala, India, which is often referred to as "Little Lhasa". The 1959 Tibetan uprising, or 1959 Tibetan Rebellion began on 10 March 1959, when an anti-Chinese and anti-Communist revolt erupted in Lhasa The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country

After the founding of the exiled government he reestablished the ~80,000 Tibetan refugees who followed him into exile in agricultural settlements. [7] He created a Tibetan educational system in order to teach the Tibetan children what he believed to be traditional language, history, religion, and culture. Tibetan refers to a group of languages spoken primarily by Tibetan peoples who live across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering South Asia as well as by overseas Tibetan history is characterized by a special dedication to the Buddhist religion both in the eyes of its own people as well as for the Mongol and Manchu Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was established[7] in 1959 and the Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies[7] became the primary university for Tibetans in India. The Tibetan Institute of Performing Arts was founded by Tenzin Gyatso on reaching Dharamsala, India in exile from Tibet in August 1959 The Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies (CIHTS is a university institute founded in Dharamsala, India in 1967. He supported the refounding of 200 monasteries and nunneries in an attempt to preserve Tibetan Buddhist teachings and the Tibetan way of life.

Tibetan Parliament in Exile in Dharamsala
Tibetan Parliament in Exile in Dharamsala

The Dalai Lama appealed to the United Nations on the question of Tibet. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security This appeal resulted in three resolutions adopted by the General Assembly in 1959, 1961, and 1965. [7] These resolutions required China to respect the human rights of Tibetans and their desire for self-determination. The Tibetan people are indigenous to Tibet and surrounding areas stretching from Central Asia in the North and West to Myanmar and China Proper Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their In 1963, he promulgated a democratic constitution which is based upon the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights ( UDHR) is a declaration adopted by the United Nations General Assembly ( 10 December 1948 at Palais A Tibetan parliament-in-exile is elected by the Tibetan refugees scattered all over the world, and the Tibetan Government-in-Exile is likewise elected by the Tibetan parliament. TalkParliament#Screen-size. -->A  parliament is a Legislature, especially in those According to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, a refugee is a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race The Central Tibetan Administration (CTA officially the Central Tibetan Administration of His Holiness the Dalai Lama, is a Government in exile headed by Tenzin

At the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in 1987 in Washington, D.C., he proposed a Five-Point Peace Plan regarding the future status of Tibet. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D The Five Point Peace Plan for Tibet was an Address to the Members of the United States Congress by Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama The plan called for Tibet to become a "zone of peace" and for the end of movement by ethnic Han Chinese into Tibet. The democratic peace theory (or liberal peace theory or simply the democratic peace) holds that democracies &mdash usually liberal democracies Han Chinese ( are an Ethnic group native to China and by most modern definitions the largest single Ethnic group in the world. It also called for "respect for fundamental human rights and democratic freedoms" and "the end of China's use of Tibet for nuclear weapons production, testing, and disposal. A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. " Finally, it urged "earnest negotiations" on the future of Tibet.

The main teaching room of the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India
The main teaching room of the Dalai Lama in Dharamsala, India

He proposed a similar plan at Strasbourg on 15 June 1988. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Strasbourg (Strasbourg stʁazbuʁ Alsatian: Strossburi,; Straßburg) is the capital and principal City of the Alsace région Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) He expanded on the Five-Point Peace Plan and proposed the creation of a self-governing democratic Tibet, "in association with the People's Republic of China. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system " This plan was rejected by the Tibetan Government-in-Exile in 1991. In October 1991, he expressed his wish to return to Tibet to try to make a mutual assessment on the situation with the Chinese local government. At this time he feared that a violent uprising would take place and wished to avoid it. The Dalai Lama has indicated that he wishes to return to Tibet only if the People's Republic of China sets no preconditions for his return, which they have so far refused to do. [20][21]

Tenzin Gyatso celebrated his seventieth birthday on 6 July 2005. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. About 10,000 Tibetan refugees, monks and foreign tourists gathered outside his home. Patriarch Alexius II of the Russian Orthodox Church said, "I confess that the Russian Orthodox Church highly appreciates the good relations it has with the followers of Buddhism and hopes for their further development. See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure " Taiwan's President, Chen Shui-bian, attended an evening celebrating the Dalai Lama's birthday that was entitled "Traveling with Love and Wisdom for 70 Years" at the Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall in Taipei. Chen Shui-bian ( born October 12, 1950) is a Taiwanese politician and former President of the Republic of China. The National Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall ( is a monument erected in memory of President Chiang Kai-shek, former President of the Republic of China in Taipei ( Taiwanese Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-pak-chhī Jhuyin Fuhao: ㄊㄞˊ ㄅㄟˇ ㄕˋ Hakka: Thòi-pet-sṳ has been the capital of The President invited him to return to Taiwan for a third trip in 2005. His previous trips were in 2001, and 1997. [22] In Tibet there is a popular song calling for his return to Tibet called Aku Pema

Teaching activity

The Dalai Lama is a Dzogchen practitioner and he gives teachings on this issue, and has expounded many teachings in his numerous publications. Aku Pema ( is a Tibetan song calling for the return of the Dalai Lama. According to some schools of Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Dzogchen is the natural primordial state or natural condition of every sentient Being He has also given many public initiations in the Kalachakra. Kālacakra ( Sanskrit: कालचक्र IAST: Kālacakra Telugu: కాలచక్ర) is a Sanskrit term used in Tantric

In February 2007, the Dalai Lama was named Presidential Distinguished Professor at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, United States,[23] the first time that the leader of the Tibetan exile community has accepted a university appointment. Distinguished Professor is an Honorary title at many universities for faculty who are recognized by colleagues throughout the world as leaders in their fields Emory University is a Private university located in the metropolitan area of the city of Atlanta and in western unincorporated DeKalb County, The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The appointment is in part an expansion of a program begun in 1998 called the Emory–Tibet Partnership. As Presidential Distinguished Professor, he will:[23]

The Dalai Lama has strong ties with University of Wisconsin-Madison in Madison, Wisconsin, United States, and is a frequent visitor there. Madison is the capital of the US state of Wisconsin and the County seat of Dane County. He visited the university in 1981 and again in 1989, the year in which he won the Nobel Peace Prize. In May 1998, he addressed a large audience at the Kohl Center and received an honorary degree from the university. The Kohl Center opened in 1998 in Madison Wisconsin. It is the home of the UW-Madison men's and women's Basketball teams and In May 2001, he met with a group of neuroscientists who conduct research on the effects of meditation on brain function, emotions and physical health. His most recent visit to the U. S. was in April 2008, when he gave lectures on engaging wisdom and compassion, and sustainability, at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and at Colgate University in Hamilton, N. The University of Michigan Ann Arbor ( U of M, U-M, UM or simply Michigan) is a top-ranked Coeducational public research Y. [24]

Foreign relations

The Dalai Lama & Archbishop Desmond Tutu, 2004. Photo by Carey Linde.
The Dalai Lama & Archbishop Desmond Tutu, 2004. Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Cleric and activist who rose to Worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent Photo by Carey Linde.
The Dalai Lama at an interfaith gathering in Berlin, 2003
The Dalai Lama at an interfaith gathering in Berlin, 2003
Tenzin Gyatso in Dharamsala, 1993
Tenzin Gyatso in Dharamsala, 1993

Since 1967, the Dalai Lama has initiated a series of tours in 46 nations. He has frequently engaged on religious dialogue. He met with Pope Paul VI at the Vatican in 1973. Pope Vatican City, officially the State of the Vatican City (Stato della Città del Vaticano is a Landlocked sovereign City-state whose territory He met with Pope John Paul II in 1980 and also later in 1982, 1986, 1988, 1990, and 2003. Pope

In 1990, he met in Dharamsala with a delegation of Jewish teachers for an extensive interfaith dialogue. [25] He has since visited Israel three times and met in 2006 with the Chief Rabbi of Israel. In 2006, he met privately with Pope Benedict XVI. Pope Benedict XVI ( Latin: Benedictus PP XVI; Italian: Benedetto XVI; German: Benedikt XVI; born Joseph Alois Ratzinger He has also met the late Archbishop of Canterbury Dr. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the chief bishop and principal leader of the Church of England, the symbolic head of the worldwide Anglican Communion and the Robert Runcie, and other leaders of the Anglican Church in London, Gordon B. Robert Alexander Kennedy Runcie Baron Runcie of Cuddesdon MC PC ( 2 October 1921 &ndash 11 July 2000) was Archbishop Hinckley, late President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), as well as senior Eastern Orthodox Church, Muslim, Hindu, Jewish, and Sikh officials. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism.

During the runup to the Beijing Olympics of 2008, the Dalai Lama visited, on April 10, 2008, Japan on his way to the United States, amid protests around the world over China's handling of the 2008 Tibetan unrest. Events 879 - Louis III becomes King of the Western Franks. 1407 - the lama 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also known as the 3•14 Riots in China began with demonstrations on March 10, 2008 ( Tibetan Uprising Day The Dalai Lama, whom Beijing claimed fomented the unrest, called for calm, but the protests showed little sign of abating. The Dalai Lama said he does not support a boycott of the 2008 Summer Games outright. [26] Japan's government had been relatively quiet about the violence in Tibet and, out of deference to Beijing, does not deal officially with the Dalai Lama. Tokyo does, however, grant visas to the spiritual leader, who has visited Japan fairly frequently. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. [27]

Philanthropic Efforts

The 14th Dalai Lama has been a longstanding supporter of SOS Children's Villages. SOS Children's Villages is an independent non-governmental international development organisation which has been working to meet the needs and protect the interests and rights of children [28] He often visits the villages, and has maintained a friendship with the founder, Hermann Gmeiner, that has continued to Gmeiner's successor, Helmut Kutin. Hermann Gmeiner ( 23 June 1919 - 26 April 1986) was an Austrian philanthropist and the founder of SOS Children's Villages The Dalai Lama has said of SOS:

"The splendid work done by SOS Children's Villages is charity where deeds speak louder than words. The revolutionary idea and the general concept developed by Hermann Gmeiner for providing orphaned and abandoned children with a new family and a permanent home has had a great influence on child welfare world-wide, and SOS Children's Villages have become a model on every continent. Above all, SOS Children's Villages shows that it is possible to create a community of brothers and sisters comprising children of all races, creeds and nationalities. The ties that develop and hold these communities together and form the basis of their upbringing is love. "

Social and political stances

Tibetan independence movement

The Dalai Lama accepted the 1951 Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet with the People's Republic of China. The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, or the Seventeen Point Agreement for the Peaceful However, his brothers moved to Kalimpong in India and, with the help of the Indian and American governments, organized pro-independence literature and the smuggling of weapons into Tibet. Kalimpong (कालिम्पोङ is a Hill station (a hill town nestled in the Shiwalik Hills (or Lower Himalaya in the Indian state of West Armed struggles broke out in Amdo and Kham in 1956 and later spread to Central Tibet. The movement was a failure and was forced to retreat to Nepal or go underground. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Following normalisation of relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China, American support was cut off in the early 1970s. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Dalai Lama then began to formulate his policy towards a peaceful solution in which a democratic autonomous Tibet would be established. Democracy is a form of government in which the supreme power is held completely by the people under a free electoral system An autonomous area is an area of a Country that has a degree of Autonomy, or freedom from an external authority

In October 1998, the Dalai Lama's administration acknowledged that it received US$1. 7 million a year in the 1960s from the U. S. Government through the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and had also trained a guerrilla army in Colorado (USA). near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. [29]

The Dalai Lama has on occasion been denounced by the Chinese government as a supporter of Tibetan independence. Over time, he has developed a public position stating that he is not in favour of Tibetan independence[30] and would not object to a status in which Tibet has internal autonomy while the PRC manages some aspects of Tibet's defense and foreign affairs. Independence is the Self-government of a Nation, Country, or State by its residents and population or some portion thereof generally exercising [31] In his 'Middle Way Approach', he laid down that the Chinese government can take care of foreign affairs and defense, and that Tibet should be managed by an elected body. [32]

The Dalai Lama on March 16, 2008 called for an international probe of China's treatment of Tibet, which he said is causing "cultural genocide" of his people. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Events 597 BC - Babylonians capture Jerusalem, replace Jehoiachin with Zedekiah as king 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction in whole or in part of an ethnic racial religious or national group [33] He has stated that he will step down as leader of Tibet's government-in-exile if violence by protesters in the region worsens, the exiled spiritual leader said March 18, 2008 after China's premier Wen Jiabao blamed his supporters for the growing unrest. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This is a Chinese name; the family name is Wen. Wen Jiabao ( (born 15 September 1942 is the Premier of the [34] On March 20, 2008, he claimed he was powerless to stop anti-Chinese violence. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [35] The Dalai Lama March 28, 2008 rejected a series of allegations from the Chinese government, saying he does not seek the separation of Tibet and has no desire to "sabotage" the 2008 Summer Olympics. Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [36]

There has been criticism that feudal Tibet was not as benevolent as the Dalai Lama had portrayed. Feudalism, a term first used in the early modern period (17th century in its most classic sense refers to a Medieval Europe Political system composed The penal code included forms of corporal punishment, in addition to capital punishment. A penal code is a portion of a State 's Laws defining Crimes and specifying the Punishment. Corporal punishment is the deliberate infliction of pain intended to Punish a person or change his/her behavior Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. In response, the Dalai Lama has since condemned many of Tibet's feudal practices and has added that he, as a young teenager, was willing to institute reforms before the Chinese invaded in 1951. [31]

On June 4, 2008, Dalai Lama said that Tawang in Arunachal Pradesh, a territory that's called Southern Tibet in China and still claimed by China, is part of India, acknowledging the validity of the McMahon Line as per the 1914 Simla Agreement signed by Tibetan and British representatives. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Arunachal Pradesh (अरुणाचल प्रदेश   Aruṇācal Pradeś is the easternmost state of India China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The McMahon Line is a Demarcation line drawn on map referred to the Simla Convention, a treaty between Britain and Tibet signed in 1914 The Simla Agreement was signed between India and Pakistan at 1240am on July 3, 1972. [37]

Social stances

The Dalai Lama endorsed the founding of the Dalai Lama Foundation in order to promote peace and ethics worldwide. The Dalai Lama is not operationally involved with this foundation, though he suggests some overall direction and his office is routinely briefed on its activities. [38] He has also stated his belief that modern scientific findings take precedence over ancient religions. [39][40]

Sexuality

In his view, oral, manual and anal sex (both homosexual and heterosexual) is not acceptable in Buddhism or for Buddhists, but society otherwise should tolerate gays and lesbians. [41] He explains in his book Beyond Dogma: "homosexuality, whether it is between men or between women, is not improper in itself. What is improper is the use of organs already defined as inappropriate for sexual contact. " In 1997 he explained that the basis of that teaching was unknown to him and that he at least had some "willingness to consider the possibility that some of the teachings may be specific to a particular cultural and historic context. "[42] In a 1994 interview with OUT Magazine, the Dalai Lama explained, "If someone comes to me and asks whether homosexuality is okay or not, I will ask. Homosexuality refers to sexual behavior with or attraction to people of the same sex or to a Homosexual orientation. . . 'What is your companion's opinion?' If you both agree, then I think I would say, if two males or two females voluntarily agree to have mutual satisfaction without further implication of harming others, then it is okay. "[43]

Abortion

The Dalai Lama is generally opposed to abortion,[44] although he has taken a nuanced position, as he explained to the New York Times:

Of course, abortion, from a Buddhist viewpoint, is an act of killing and is negative, generally speaking. An But it depends on the circumstances. If the birth will create serious problems for the parent, these are cases where there can be an exception. I think abortion should be approved or disapproved according to each circumstance. [45]

Environment

He has also expressed his concern for environmental problems:

On the global level, I think the ecology problem is very serious. I hear about some states taking it very seriously. That's wonderful! So this blue planet is our only home, if something goes wrong at the present generation, then the future generations really face a lot of problems, and those problems will be beyond human control; so that's very serious. Ecology should be part of our daily life.

—The Dalai Lama, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, September 19, 2006[46]

In recent years, he has been campaigning for wildlife conservation, including a religious ruling against wearing tiger and leopard skins as garments. State University of New York at Buffalo, commonly known as University at Buffalo (UB is a Coeducational public research University, which Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. "Conservation Biology" redirects here For the Scientific journal, see Conservation Biology (journal. [47][48]

Economics

"Of all the modern economic theories, the economic system of Marxism is founded on moral principles, while capitalism is concerned only with gain and profitability. Marxism is concerned with the distribution of wealth on an equal basis and the equitable utilization of the means of production. It is also concerned with the fate of the working classes—that is, the majority—as well as with the fate of those who are underprivileged and in need, and Marxism cares about the victims of minority-imposed exploitation. For those reasons the system appeals to me, and it seems fair. I just recently read an article in a paper where His Holiness the Pope also pointed out some positive aspects of Marxism.
As for the failure of the Marxist regimes, first of all I do not consider the former USSR, or China, or even Vietnam, to have been true Marxist regimes, for they were far more concerned with their narrow national interests than with the Workers' International; this is why there were conflicts, for example, between China and the USSR, or between China and Vietnam. If those three regimes had truly been based upon Marxist principles, those conflicts would never have occurred.
I think the major flaw of the Marxist regimes is that they have placed too much emphasis on the need to destroy the ruling class, on class struggle, and this causes them to encourage hatred and to neglect compassion. Although their initial aim might have been to serve the cause of the majority, when they try to implement it all their energy is deflected into destructive activities. Once the revolution is over and the ruling class is destroyed, there is not much left to offer the people; at this point the entire country is impoverished and unfortunately it is almost as if the initial aim were to become poor. I think that this is due to the lack of human solidarity and compassion. The principal disadvantage of such a regime is the insistence placed on hatred to the detriment of compassion.
The failure of the regime in the former Soviet Union was, for me, not the failure of Marxism but the failure of totalitarianism. For this reason I still think of myself as half-Marxist, half-Buddhist. "[49]

Firearms

In 2001, he discussed firearms and self-defense:

One girl wanted to know how to react to a shooter who takes aim at a classmate. The Dalai Lama said acts of violence should be remembered, and then forgiveness should be extended to the perpetrators. But if someone has a gun and is trying to kill you, he said, it would be reasonable to shoot back with your own gun. Not at the head, where a fatal wound might result. But at some other body part, such as a leg.

—Seattle Times,  Portland, Oregon May 15, 2001[50]


Reception

The Dalai Lama receiving a Congressional Gold Medal in 2007. George W. Bush, Robert Byrd, and Nancy Pelosi are on his left.
The Dalai Lama receiving a Congressional Gold Medal in 2007. Portland is a city located in the Northwestern United States, near the Confluence of the Willamette and Columbia rivers Events 1252 - Pope Innocent IV issues the Papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes but also limits the Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States George W. Bush, Robert Byrd, and Nancy Pelosi are on his left. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Robert Carlyle Byrd (born November 20 1917 is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia and a member of the Democratic Party. Nancy Patricia D'Alesandro Pelosi (born March 26 1940 is the current Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.

The Dalai Lama has been successful in gaining Western sympathy for Tibetan self-determination, including vocal support from numerous Hollywood celebrities, most notably the actors Richard Gere and Steven Seagal, as well as lawmakers from several major countries. Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Actor. Steven F Seagal (born April 10 1951 is an American Action movie Actor, producer, writer director, Martial artist [51]

In 2005[52] and 2008[53] Time Magazine placed the Dalai Lama on its list of the world's 100 most influential people. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and

On 22 June 2006, the Parliament of Canada voted unanimously to make The Dalai Lama an honorary citizen of Canada. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Parliament of Canada (Parlement du Canada is Canada 's legislative branch, seated at Parliament Hill in Ottawa, Ontario. Honorary Canadian citizenship ( French: Citoyenneté canadienne honoraire) is an honour wherein Canadian citizenship is bestowed by the Governor [54][55] This marks the third of four times in history that the Government of Canada has bestowed this honour, the others being Raoul Wallenberg posthumously in 1985, Nelson Mandela in 2001 and Aung San Suu Kyi in 2007. The Canadian Government, formally Her Majesty's Government in Canada, is the Federal government of Canada. Raoul Wallenberg (August 4 1912 &ndash July 17 1947? was a Swedish Humanitarian of the prominent Swedish Wallenberg family who worked in Budapest Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (xolíɬaɬa mandéːla born 18 July 1918 is a former President of South Africa, the first to be elected in fully representative Aung San Suu Kyi ( àunsʰánsṵtʃì born 19 June 1945 in Rangoon, is a pro- Democracy activist and leader of the National League for

In September 2006, the United States Congress voted to award the Dalai Lama the Congressional Gold Medal,[56] the highest award which may be bestowed by the Legislative Branch of the United States government. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses Not to be confused with the Medal of Honor, sometimes called the "Congressional Medal of Honor" which is the highest military decoration of the United States The actual ceremony and awarding of the medal took place on 17 October 2007. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The Chinese Government has reacted angrily to the award, which it merely refers to as "the extremely wrong arrangements. " Chinese Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi said: "It seriously violates the norm of international relations and seriously wounded the feelings of the Chinese people and interfered with China's internal affairs. Yang Jiechi ( born May 1950 is the current and the tenth Foreign minister of the People's Republic of China. "[57]

In June 2007, the Dalai Lama made an Australian tour, delivering public talks in Perth, Bendigo, Melbourne, Geelong, Sydney, Canberra and Brisbane.

Despite protest from China, German Chancellor Angela Merkel met with the Dalai Lama in the Berlin Chancellery on 25 September 2007. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Chancellor or chancellour (archaic ( Latin: cancellarius) is an official Title used in countries whose civilization has arisen (ˈaŋɡela doʁoˈteːa ˈmɛɐ̯kəl (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954 in Hamburg, West Germany) is the Chancellor of Germany. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Events 303 - On a voyage preaching the Gospel, Saint Fermin of Pamplona is beheaded in Amiens, France Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. The meeting was characterized as "private and informal talks" in order to avert potential retaliation by China such as the severance of trade ties. Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. In response to the meeting, China cancelled meetings with German officials including Justice Minister Brigitte Zypries. An official is someone who holds an office (function or mandate, regardless whether it carries an actual working space with it in an Organisation or Brigitte Zypries (born November 16, 1953, in Kassel, Germany) is a German Politician. [58]

In October 1998, The Dalai Lama's administration acknowledged that it received $1. 7 million a year in the 1960s from the U. S. Government through the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), and also trained a resistance movement in Colorado (USA). near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all The State of Colorado ( or chiefly by nonresidents) is a state located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States of America. [29] When asked by CIA officer John Kenneth Knaus in 1995 whether the organization did a good or bad thing in providing its support, the Dalai Lama replied that though it helped the morale of those resisting the Chinese, "thousands of lives were lost in the resistance" and further, that "the U. S. Government had involved itself in his country's affairs not to help Tibet but only as a Cold War tactic to challenge the Chinese. "[59]

Several Tulkus or "reincarnate Lamas" have criticized Tenzin Gyatso. A tulku ( also tülku, trulku) is a Tibetan Buddhist Lama who has through Phowa and Siddhi, consciously Lama ( is a title for a Tibetan teacher Most recently, the twelfth Samding Dorje Phagmo (considered to be Tibet's "only female living Buddha,") who is also the vice-chairwoman of the standing committee of the Tibetan Autonomous Regional People's Congress, was quoted saying that "The sins of the Dalai Lama and his followers seriously violate the basic teachings and precepts of Buddhism and seriously damage traditional Tibetan Buddhism's normal order and good reputation. " She told Xinhua that "Old Tibet was dark and cruel, the serfs lived worse than horses and cattle. "[60]

British journalist Christopher Hitchens criticised the Dalai Lama in 1998, questioned his alleged support for India's nuclear weapons testing, his statements about sexual misconduct, his suppression of Shugden worship, as well as his meeting Shoko Asahara, whose cult Aum Shinrikyo released sarin nerve gas in the Tokyo subway system. Christopher Eric Hitchens (born April 13, 1949) is a British Author, Journalist, Literary critic and American India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from Nuclear reactions either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. See also Dorje Shugden controversy, Dorje Shugden ( Chinese 多杰雄登 or 多杰修丹 " Vajra Possessing is a founder of Japan 's controversial Buddhist religious group Aum Shinrikyo (now known as Aleph) and identified himself as and his children as in his Aum Shinrikyo, now known as Aleph, is a Japanese new religious movement organization Sarin, also known by its NATO designation of GB, is an extremely toxic substance whose sole application is as a Nerve agent. officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and located on the eastern side of the main island Honshū. [61][62]

Retirement

Tenzin Gyatso during his visit to Italy in 2007.
Tenzin Gyatso during his visit to Italy in 2007.

In May 2007, Chhime Rigzing, a senior spokesman for the Tibetan spiritual leader's office, stated that the Dalai Lama wants to reduce his political burden as he moves into "retirement". Chhime Rigzing is a Tibetan government official and senior spokesman for Tenzin Gyatso, the 14th Dalai Lama. [63]

Rigzing stated, "The political leadership will be transferred over a period of time but he will inevitably continue to be the spiritual leader because as the Dalai Lama, the issue of relinquishing the post does not arise. "

The Dalai Lama announced he would like the elected Tibetan parliament-in-exile to have more responsibility over administration.

On 1 September 2007, China issued new rules controlling the selection of the next Dalai Lama, declaring that any reincarnation must bear the seal of approval by China's cabinet. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. These regulations could potentially result in one Dalai Lama approved by the Chinese government, and another chosen outside of Tibet. [64] This would be similar to the present situation with the Panchen Lamas and Karmapas. The Panchen Lama ( Tibetan: པན་ཆེན་བླ་མ་ Chinese: 班禪喇嘛 is the second highest ranking Lama after the Dalai Lama The Karmapa (officially His Holiness the Gyalwa Karmapa) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyupa ( Tibetan In November 2007, Tashi Wangdi said the new rules mean nothing. Tashi Wangdi is the Representative to the Americas for the Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso. "It will have no effect" said Wangdi. "You can't impose a Pope. History See also History of the Papacy Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to Saint Peter, who Jesus named as the "shepherd" and You can't impose an imam, an archbishop, saints, any religion. An imam (إمام plural ائمة A'immah, امام is an Islamic leader often the leader of a Mosque and/or community In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead A saint (from the Latin sanctus) is a human being to whom has been attributed (and who has generally demonstrated a high level of Holiness and Sanctity . . you can't politically impose these things on people. It has to be a decision of the followers of that tradition. The Chinese can use their political power: force. Again, it's meaningless. "[65]

During the 2008 unrest in Tibet, the Dalai Lama called for calm[66] and concurrently condemned Chinese violence. The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also known as the 3•14 Riots in China began with demonstrations on March 10, 2008 ( Tibetan Uprising Day [67] His call was met with Tibetan frustration at his methodology[68] and goals[69] and Chinese allegations that he himself incited the violence[70] in order to ruin the 2008 Summer Olympics. [71] In response to the continued violence perpetrated by Chinese as well as Tibetans,[72] on March 18, 2008, the Dalai Lama threatened to step down,[73] a move unprecedented[74] in the history of the office of the Dalai Lama. Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common [75] Aides later clarified that this threat was predicated on a further escalation of violence, and that he did not presently have the intention of leaving his political or spiritual offices. [76] Many Tibetan exiles expressed their support for the Dalai Lama, and the People's Republic of China intensified their campaign of attacks against him. [77][78]

In the ensuing months, he held meetings aimed at discussing the future institution of the Dalai Lama, including:

[A] conclave, like in the Catholic Church, a woman as my successor, no Dalai Lama anymore, or perhaps even two, since the Communist Party has, astonishingly enough, given itself the right to be responsible for reincarnations. [79]

He has clarified that his goal is to relinquish all temporal power and to no longer play a "pronounced spiritual role" and have a simpler monastic life.

Bibliography

ISBN 0-7434-5336-0

Awards and honors

The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Tenzin Gyatso in 2006
The Congressional Gold Medal awarded to Tenzin Gyatso in 2006

The Dalai Lama has received numerous awards over his spiritual and political career. [80] On 22 June 2006, he became one of only four people ever to be recognized with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada. Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Honorary Canadian citizenship ( French: Citoyenneté canadienne honoraire) is an honour wherein Canadian citizenship is bestowed by the Governor The Governor General of Canada ( French: Gouverneure générale du Canada, or: Gouverneur général du Canada) is the vice-regal representative On 28 May 2005, he received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Travers Christmas Humphreys QC ( 15 February 1901 &ndash 13 April 1983) was a British Barrister who prosecuted The Buddhist Society is a UK registered charity with the stated aim to publish and make known the principles of Buddhism and to encourage the study Perhaps his most notable award was the Nobel Peace Prize, presented to him in Oslo on 10 December 1989 (see below). The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Some other notable awards and honors he has received:

Nobel Peace Prize

On 10 December 1989 the Dalai Lama was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize,[88] the chairman of the Nobel committee said that the award was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi. The City and County of San Francisco is the fourth most populous city Dianne Goldman Berman Feinstein (ˈfаɪnˌstаɪn (born June 22, 1933) is the senior U Events 489 - Odoacer attacks Theodoric at the Battle of Verona and is defeated again Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Nobel Peace Prize ( Swedish, Danish and Nobels fredspris is one of five Nobel Prizes Bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January " The committee recognized his efforts in "the struggle of the liberation of Tibet and the efforts for a peaceful resolution instead of using violence. "[89] In his acceptance speech he criticized China for using force against student protesters during the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen Square Massacre (referred to in Chinese as the June Fourth Incident, to avoid confusion with two He stated however that their effort was not in vain. His speech focused on the importance of the continued use of non-violence and his desire to maintain a dialogue with China to try to resolve the situation. [90]

Filmography

Examples of films recently made about Tenzin Gyatso:

Health and Appearance

The four marks on his right arm, which is left exposed per Buddhist tradition, do not have any sacred meaning. Dalai Lama Renaissance is a feature length Documentary film, produced and directed by Khashyar Darvich, narrated by actor Harrison Ford. Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an Academy Award - and BAFTA -nominated as well as Golden Globe -winning American What Remains of Us (original title Ce qu'il reste de nous) is a Canadian Documentary film exploring the survival of the Seven Years in Tibet is a 1997 film based on the book of the same name written by Austrian Mountaineer and onetime SS Nazi Jean-Jacques Annaud (born October 1, 1943) is a French Film director. Kundun is a 1997 film written by Melissa Mathison and directed by Martin Scorsese. They are from a smallpox vaccination when he was a boy. [91]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c At the time of Tenzin Gyatso's birth, Qinghai was under the control of Ma Lin, a warlord allied with Chiang Kai-shek and appointed governor of Qinghai Province by the Kuomintang. Tibet was once an independent kingdom which later became a part of China. Ma Lin (1873 – January 26 1945) chairman of the government of Qinghai (1931–38 brother of Ma Qi. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash See Li, T. T. "Historical Status of Tibet", Columbia University Press, p179 ; Bell, Charles, "Portrait of the Dalai Lama", p399; Goldstein, Melvyn C. Goldstein, A history of modern Tibet, pp315-317
  2. ^ "The Institution of the Dalai Lama" by R. N. Rahul Sheel in The Tibet Journal, Vol. XIV No. 3. Autumn 1989, pp. 19-32 says on pp. 31-32, n. 1: "The word Dalai is Mongolian for "ocean", used mainly by the Chinese, the Mongols, and foreigners. Rgya mtsho, the corresponding Tibetan word, always has formed the last part of the religious name of the Dalai Lama since Dalai Lama II [sic – should read Dalai Lama III]. The expression Lama (Bla ma) means the "superior one". Western usage has taken it to mean the "priest" of the Buddhism of Tibet. The term Dalai Lama, therefore, means the Lama whose wisdom is as deep, as vast and as embracing as the ocean. "
  3. ^ His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama. A Brief Biography. Retrieved on: May 8, 2008
  4. ^ The Nobel Foundation {1989} Biography The 14th Dalai Lama The Nobel Peace Prize 1989. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on: May 8, 2008
  5. ^ Mark Sappenfield and Peter Ford (March 24, 2008). Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Dalai Lama must balance politics, spiritual role. The Christian Science Monitor Retrieved on: May 9, 2008
  6. ^ China View (2008-04-11). Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common "Theocracy has lost its root in Tibet." Retrieved on: May 29, 2008. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian defeats the Sassanid army in the Battle of Ctesiphon, under the walls of the 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i Profile: The Dalai Lama from a BBC News website
  8. ^ Tibet Is My Country: Autobiography of Thubten Jigme Norbu, Brother of the Dalai Lama as told to Heinrich Harrer, pp. 103, 171. First published in German in 1960. English translation by Edward Fitzgerald, published 1960. Reprint, with updated new chapter (1986): Wisdom Publications, London. ISBN 0-86171-045-2.
  9. ^ Tenzin Gyatso, the Fourteenth Dalai Lama (1990). Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama. HarperCollins.  
  10. ^ Humanity, Not Nationalism from The Tech website
  11. ^ Craig, Mary (1997). The Tech, first published on November 16 1881 is the oldest and largest campus newspaper at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge Massachusetts Kundun: A Biography of the Family of the Dalai Lama. Counterpoint.  
  12. ^ Dalai Lama Receives Congressional Gold Medal
  13. ^ "China keeps tight lid on riot-hit areas", Agence France-Presse, Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2008-03-24. Agence France-Presse ( AFP) is the oldest News agency in the world and one of the three largest with Associated Press and Reuters. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, popularly known as the Inquirer, is the most widely read Broadsheet Newspaper in the Philippines 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Retrieved on 2008-03-24. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland  
  14. ^ Dalai Lama - Speech to the U.N. and Images of Tibet. Retrieved on 2006-08-06. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1538 - Bogotá, Colombia, is founded by Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada.
  15. ^ Cosmic Harmony. Dalai Lama Address to the United Nations.
  16. ^ Marcello, Patricia Cronin (2003). The Dalai Lama: A Biography. Greenwood Press. ISBN 0313322074.  
  17. ^ Gyatso, Tenzin, Dalai Lama XIV, interview, 25 July 1981. Events 285 - Diocletian appoints Maximian as Caesar, co-ruler Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981
  18. ^ Goldstein, Melvyn C. , A History of Modern Tibet, 1913-1951, University of California Press, 1989, pp812-813
  19. ^ Ngapoi recalls the founding of the TAR, Ngapoi Ngawang Jigmei, China View, 30 August 2005. Events 1363 - Beginning date of the Battle of Lake Poyang; the forces of two Chinese rebel leaders— Chen Youliang and Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
  20. ^ Global Village News. Dalai Lama Considers Ending Exile & Return To Tibet.
  21. ^ Interview with The Guardian, September 5, 2003
  22. ^ CNN.com. The Guardian (until 1959 The Manchester Guardian) is a British Newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. China keeps up attacks on Dalai Lama.
  23. ^ a b Dalai Lama named Emory distinguished professor
  24. ^ Dalai Lama Visits Colgate. The Office of His Holiness the Dalai Lama. Retrieved on 2008-04-23. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 215 BC - A temple is built on the Capitoline Hill dedicated to Venus Erycina to commemorate the Roman defeat at
  25. ^ Kamenetz,Rodger (1994)The Jew in the Lotus Harper Collins: 1994.
  26. ^ Reuters Dalai Lama does not support Olympics Boycott
  27. ^ CNN Dalai Lama arrives in Japan
  28. ^ SOS Children's Villages: Dalai Lama. Retrieved on 2008-05-09. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1457 BC - Battle of Megiddo (15th century BC between Thutmose III and a large Canaanite coalition under the King of
  29. ^ a b "World News Briefs; Dalai Lama Group Says It Got Money From C.I.A.", The New York Times, October 2, 1998.  
  30. ^ Dalai Lama speaks "middle way" approach for Tibet's future
  31. ^ a b Johann Hari. Johann Hari (born January 21, 1979) is a British Journalist and Writer. "Dalai Lama interview", The Independent, 7 June, 2004.  
  32. ^ Introduction to the Middle-Way Policy and its History
  33. ^ CNN.com, Dalai Lama: China causing 'cultural genocide'
  34. ^ "Dalai Lama 'to resign' if violence worsens", CNN, 2008-03-18. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor Retrieved on 2008-03-18. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - The Roman Senate annuls Tiberius ' will and proclaims Caligula emperor  
  35. ^ "China admits Tibet riots spread", CNN, 2008-03-20. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.  
  36. ^ "Dalai Lama pleads for peaceful dialogue on Tibet", CNN, 2008-03-28. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate. Retrieved on 2008-03-28. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 37 - Roman Emperor Caligula accepts the titles of the Principate, entitled to him by the Senate.  
  37. ^ "Tawang is part of India: Dalai Lama", TNN, 2008-06-4. Retrieved on 2008-6-4.  
  38. ^ The Dalai Lama Foundation. Missions and Programs.
  39. ^ Boston.com. The Buddha of suburbia.
  40. ^ The Dalai Lama's views on science and religion in an op-ed for The New York Times
  41. ^ The Buddhist religion and homosexuality at Religioustolerance.org
  42. ^ Dalai Lama Urges 'Respect, Compassion, and Full Human Rights for All,' Including Gays. The Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance ( OCRT) is a group in Ontario, Canada, formed with the stated purpose of Conkin, Dennis. Bay Area Reporter, June 19th, 1997
  43. ^ OUT Magazine February/March 1994
  44. ^ Dalai Lama meets Idaho’s religious leaders by Gary Stivers, www. sunvalleyonline. com, 15 September 2005
  45. ^ "The Dalai Lama: Tibet's leader-in-exile talks about the C. Events 668 - Eastern Roman Emperor Constans II is assassinated in his bath at Syracuse Italy. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. I. A. , Saddam Hussein, Chinese terrorism, sex and his own violent impulses," by Claudia Dreifus. New York Times, November 28, 1993. For the town in Argentina, see 28 de Noviembre. Events Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) p. SM52 [1] by
  46. ^ His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Address to the University at Buffalo
  47. ^ "Dalai Lama Campaigns to End Wildlife Trade", ENS, 8 April 2005. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.  
  48. ^ Justin Huggler. "Reports Fur Flies Over Tiger Plight", New Zealand Herald, 18 February 2006. Events 3102 BC - Epoch (origin of the Kali Yuga. 1229 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II Holy Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.  
  49. ^ Tibet and China, Marxism, Nonviolence
  50. ^ Dalai Lama urges students to shape the world
  51. ^ Interview with CBC News, 16 April 2004
  52. ^ Gere, Richard. Established in the 1930s, CBC News is the department within the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation responsible for the news gathering and production of news programs Events 1178 BC - A Solar eclipse may have marked the return of Odysseus, legendary King of Ithaca, to his kingdom "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is a Golden Globe - and Screen Actors Guild Award -winning American Actor. "The 2005 TIME 100: The Dalai Lama", TIME Magazine, 18 April 2005. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Events 1025 - Bolesław Chrobry is crowned in Gniezno, becoming the first King of Poland. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-02-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.  
  53. ^ Deepak, Cheepra. "The 2008 TIME 100: The Dalai Lama", TIME Magazine, 2008. Time (trademarked in capitals as TIME) is a weekly American Newsmagazine, similar to Newsweek and Retrieved on 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.  
  54. ^ "Dalai Lama becomes honorary citizen", Victoria Times-Colonist, 10 September 2006. The Times Colonist is an English-language daily Newspaper in Victoria British Columbia, Canada. Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-02-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.  
  55. ^ Grudnikov, Karina. Dalai Lama joins Wallenberg as Honorary citizen of Canada. International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation. Retrieved on 2007-02-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.
  56. ^ "Highest US civilian honour for Dalai Lama", The Times of India, 14 September 2006. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-02-11. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu.  
  57. ^ Associated Press, China warns that Dalai Lama's congressional award, Bush meeting could damage U.S.-Chinese ties, International Herald Tribune, 16 October 2007
  58. ^ Merkel meets with the Dalai Lama. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international Newspaper Events 456 - Magister militum Ricimer defeats the Emperor Avitus at Piacenza and becomes master of the western Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Euronews. net.
  59. ^ Rogue State: A Guide to the World's Only Superpower
  60. ^ Reuters (April 29, 2008). "Female living Buddha condemns Dalai Lama - Xinhua." Retrieved on: May 30, 2008. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common
  61. ^ His material highness Salon.com article by Christopher Hitchens
  62. ^ World Tibet Network News. Saloncom, part of Salon Media Group ( often just called Salon, is an online Christopher Eric Hitchens (born April 13, 1949) is a British Author, Journalist, Literary critic and American His Holiness the Dalai Lama's view on India's Nuclear Tests.
  63. ^ "Dalai Lama: political retirement", Google (yahoo). Retrieved on 2007-05-13. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1497 - Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola.  
  64. ^ BBC NEWS, New Chinese rules on Dalai Lama
  65. ^ Dalai Lama's representative talks about China, Tibet, Shugden and the next Dalai Lama, David Shankbone, Wikinews, November 14, 2007. Wikinews is a free-content News source Wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
  66. ^ Dalai Lama calls for calm amid Tibet violence
  67. ^ Monks march as Dalai Lama condemns Beijing
  68. ^ Tibet's young exiles sick of passive approach
  69. ^ Tibetans criticise Dalai Lama's 'middle way'
  70. ^ China accuses Dalai Lama of 'inciting' Tibet riots to 'sabotage' Olympics
  71. ^ China says Dalai Lama trying to ruin Olympics
  72. ^ Uprising Spurns Dalai Lama's Way
  73. ^ Dalai Lama Threatens to Resign
  74. ^ Dalai Lama's threat shakes Buddhism
  75. ^ Can the Dalai Lama Resign?
  76. ^ Dalai Lama Threatens to Resign - TIME
  77. ^ China steps up verbal attacks on Dalai Lama over Tibet
  78. ^ Drew, Jill. "A Day After Offer to Meet, China Assails Dalai Lama", Washington Post, April 27, 2008. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-04-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated  
  79. ^ "'I Pray for China's Leadership' SPIEGEL Interviews the Dalai Lama", Der Spiegel, 2008-05-12. Der Spiegel (pronounced /deːɐ ˈʃpiːɡəl/ German for "The Mirror" is a German weekly Magazine, published in Hamburg 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Retrieved on 2008-05-12. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre.  
  80. ^ List of awards
  81. ^ hellomagazine.com, Dalai Lama receives honorary doctorate of philosophy in London
  82. ^ news.bbc.co.uk, Dalai gets honorory doctorate
  83. ^ Paris makes Dalai Lama honorary citizen
  84. ^ Paris makes Dalai Lama, Chinese dissident honorary citizens
  85. ^ Press Release - University Relations - Hofstra University
  86. ^ Public Law 109-287
  87. ^ USFnews Online
  88. ^ Presentation Speech by Egil Aarvik, Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
  89. ^ The Nobel Prize. Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso).
  90. ^ The Government of Tibet in Exile. His Holiness the Dalai Lama's Nobel Prize acceptance speech University Aula, Oslo, 10 December 1989. Events 1041 - Empress Zoe of Byzantium elevates her adoptive son to the throne of the Eastern Roman Empire as Michael V Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar)
  91. ^ (1990) Freedom in exile: the autobiography of the Dalai Lama. New York, NY: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-039116-2.  

External links

Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama
Born: 6 July 1935
Buddhist titles
Preceded by
Thubten Gyatso		Reincarnation of the Dalai Lama
1950 – present		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by
Zhang Jingwu		Chief of the Tibet Region, PRC
1956 – 1959		Succeeded by
Choekyi Gyaltsen
Persondata
NAMEGyatso, Tenzin
ALTERNATIVE NAMESDalai Lama (honorific); བསྟན་འཛིན་རྒྱ་མཚོ་ (Tibetan); Rgya-mtsho, Bstan-'dzin (Wylie)
SHORT DESCRIPTIONDalai Lama
DATE OF BIRTHJuly 6, 1935
PLACE OF BIRTHTakster, Amdo, Tibet
DATE OF DEATHliving
PLACE OF DEATH

Charlie Rose is an American television interview show with Charlie Rose as executive producer executive editor and host Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Thubten Gyatso ( February 12, 1876 – December 17, 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual and political leader of the Tibetan people according to Tibetan Buddhism. Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen ( February 19, 1938 &ndash January 28, 1989) was the 10th Panchen Lama of Gelug Events 1044 - The Battle of Ménfő takes place 1189 - Richard the Lionheart is crowned King of England Year 1935 ( MCMXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amdo ( Tibetan: ཨ༌མདོ Chinese transliteration 安多, Pinyin: Ānduō is one of the Definitions of Tibet See also Definitions of Tibet Name In English The English word Tibet, like the word for Tibet in most European
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