Tehran تهران
Tehran skyline with Milad Tower in the background. Borj-e Milad (aka Milad Tower,) (birth is the tallest Tower in Iran.
Seal
Nickname: The city of 72 nations. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name.
Tehran
Coordinates: 35°41′46.28″N 51°25′22.66″E / 35.6961889, 51.4229611
Country	Iran
Province	Tehran
Government
- Mayor	Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf
Area
- City	686 km² (265 sq mi)
- Metro	18,814 km² (7,264 sq mi)
Elevation	1,200 m (3,900 ft)
Population (2006)
- Density	11,360. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Iran is subdivided into thirty provinces ( Persian: استان ostān, plural استان‌ها ostānhā) each governed from a local center Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran. Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf ( born September 23, 1961 in Torghabeh, near Mashhad) is the Mayor of Tehran. Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 9/km² (29,424. 6/sq mi)
- Urban	7,705,036
- Metro	13,413,348
	Population Data from 2006 Census and Tehran Municipality. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central [1][2] Metro area figure refers to Tehran Province. Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.
Time zone	IRST (UTC+3:30)
Website: http://www.tehran.ir

Tehran (or Teheran) (tʰehˈɾɒn (help·info); Persian: تهران Tehrān) is the capital and largest city of Iran, and the administrative center of Tehran Province. Iran Standard Time ( IRST) or Iran Time ( IT) is the Time zone used in Iran. UTC+330 is used in Iran ( Iran Standard Time) For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. Tehran Province (استان تهران transliterated ostān-e Tehrān; is one of the 30 provinces of Iran.

Most Iranian industries are headquartered in Tehran. The industries include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, military weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading center for the sale of carpets and furniture. There is also an oil refinery located in south of the city. ^[3]

Tehran is a sprawling city at the foot of the Alborz mountain range with an immense network of highways unparalleled in Western Asia. A city is an Urban area with a large Population and a particular Administrative, Legal, or Historical status For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High Southwest Asia or Southwestern Asia (largely overlapping with the Middle East) is the southwestern portion of Asia. It is also the hub of the country's railway network. Although a relatively new city that does not evoke the history of other Iranian cities such as Isfahan, Shiraz, or Tabriz, Tehran has numerous large museums, art centers, palace complexes and cultural centers.

In the 20th century, Tehran faced a large migration of people from all around Iran. Today, the city contains a mix of various ethnic and religious minorities, and is filled with many historic mosques, churches, synagogues and Zoroastrian fire temples. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings A Zoroastrian Fire Temple is a place of worship for Zoroastrians.

Geography

History

Toopkhaneh Square, Tehran, in the early to mid-20th century.

Iranian Foreign Ministry

Green Palace at the Sadabad Palace complex.

Excavations place the existence of settlements in Tehran as far back as 6000 BCE. Tehran was well known as a village in the 9th century, but was less well-known than the city of Rhages (Ray) which was flourishing nearby in the early era. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province In the 13th century, following the destruction of Ray by Mongols, many of its inhabitants escaped to Tehran. In some sources of the early era, the city is mentioned as "Rhages's Tehran" . The city is later mentioned in Hamdollah Mostowfi's Nuz'hat al-Qulub (written in 1340) as a famous village. Hamdollah Mostowfi ( 1281 – 1349 was an Iranian Historian, Geographer and epic poet

Don Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo, a Castilian ambassador, was probably the first European to visit Tehran, stopping in July 1404, while on a journey to Samarkand (now in Uzbekistan) and the Mongol capital at the time. Ruy González de Clavijo (? - April 2, 1412) Castilian traveler and writer The Crown of Castile, as a historic entity is usually considered to have begun in 1230 with the third and definitive union of the two kingdoms of León and Castile Samarkand (Samarqand Самарқанд سمرقند UniPers: "Samarqand" is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan ( Uzbek: O‘zbekiston Respublikasi or Ўзбекистон Республикаси is a doubly At this time, the city of Tehran was unwalled.

Tehran became a residence of the Safavid rulers in the 17th century. The Safavids ( صفوی) were an Iranian ref>Helen Chapin Metz Tahmasp I built a bazaar and a wall around the city, but it somewhat fell out of favor after Abbas I turned sick when he was passing the city to go to a war with the Uzbeks. Tahmasp I ( 3 March, 1514-1576 was an influential Shah of Persia of the Safavid Dynasty A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold Shāh ‘Abbās I or Shāh ‘Abbās the Great ( (born January 27, 1571; died January 19, 1629) was Shah of Iran and the most eminent The Uzbeks (Self designation sg O‘zbek, pl O‘zbeklar) are a Turkic people of Central Asia.

In the early of 18th century, Karim Khan Zand ordered a palace, a harem, and a government office to be built in Tehran, possibly to declare the city his capital, but later moved his government to Shiraz. Karim Khan Zand, ( کریم خان زند) (c 1705- 1779 also called Karim Khan the Great (Bozorg was the ruler and De facto Shah of Iran A palace is a grand residence especially the home of a Head of state or some other high-ranking Public figure. HAREM is the first evaluation contest of Named entity recognition (NER for Portuguese and its call for participation was announced in September 2004 Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Tehran finally became the capital of Persia in 1795, when the Qajar king Agha Mohammad Khan was crowned in the city. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia The Qajar dynasty (also known as Ghajar or Kadjar ( ( - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under Muḥammad Khān Qājār (1742-1797 (‎&lrm was the chief of the Qajar tribe It remains the capital to this day.

During World War II, British and Soviet troops entered the city. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Tehran was the site of the Tehran Conference in 1943, attended by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. The Tehran Conference ( Codenamed EUREKA) was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 Premier of the Soviet Union is the commonly used English term for the offices of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (Председатель Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party

Following the war, the city's older landmarks suffered under the rule of Mohammad Reza Shah. The Shah believed that ancient buildings such as large parts of the Golestan Palace, Takieh-ye Dowlat, the Toopkhaneh Square (pictured to the right), the magnificent city fortifications and the old citadel among others should not be part of a modern city. Golestān Palace (کاخ گلستان is the former royal Qajar complex in Iran 's capital city Toopkhāneh (also spelt as Tupkhāneh) is a major town square ( Maidan -e Toopkhaneh) and a neighborhood in the south of the central district of the city They were systematically destroyed and modern 1950s and 1960s buildings were built in their place. Tehran bazar was divided in half and many historic buildings were destroyed in order to build wide straight avenues in the capital. Many excellent examples of Persian Gardens also became targets to new construction projects. The decision to carry these out is presently largely seen as a foolish mistake that hurt the visual fabric and the cultural identity of the city beyond repair. Apartment blocks are introduced in this period.

On September 8, 1978, demonstrations against the Shah led to riots. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1978 ( MCMLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar) The army reportedly opened fire on the demonstrating mob. Martial law was installed in the wake of the ensuing revolution, from 1978–79.

During the 1980–88 Iran-Iraq War, Tehran was the scene of repeated Scud missile attacks and air strikes against random residential and industrial targets within the city, resulting in thousands of civilian casualties. Scud is a series of Tactical ballistic missiles developed by the Soviet Union during the Cold War and exported widely to other countries Material damage was repaired soon after each strike. Tehran attracted war refugees by the millions.

After the war, cheap Soviet-style apartments multiplied throughout the city without any plan. At present, little is left of Tehran's old quarters. Instead, modern high-rise buildings dominate the city's skyline and new modern apartments have and are replacing the few remaining old houses at a rapid pace. Tehran-style home architecture has almost vanished completely. Tehran is a relatively old city As such it has an architectural tradition unique to itself This is often referred to as "Tehran Identity Disaster".

Tehran is also home to many grand mansions in the north of the city and the "Shahrak e Gharb" District.

Climate

Northern part of Tehran with Tochal mountain on the background. Mount Tochal is a mountain in the Alborz range and adjacent to metropolitan Tehran, Iran.

Tehran's climate is largely defined by its geographic location, with the towering Alborz mountains to its North and the central desert to the South. It can be generally described as mild in the spring, hot and dry in the summer, cool and rainy in autumn and cold in the winter. As a large city with a significant differences in elevation among various districts, the weather is often cooler in the hilly north as compared to the flat southern part of Tehran. Summer is usually hot and dry with very little rain. The majority of precipitation occurs from mid-autumn to mid-spring. The hottest month is July (mean minimum temperature 23°C, mean maximum temperature 36°C) and the coldest is January (mean minimum temperature -1°C, mean maximum temperature 8°C)^[4]
Although compared to other parts of the country, Tehran enjoys a moderate climate, weather conditions can sometimes be unpredictably harsh. The record high temperature is 48°C and the record low is -20°C. On January 5 & 6, 2008, after years of relatively little snow, a wave of heavy snow and low temperatures shocked the city covering it in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing the Council of Ministers to officially declare an state of emergency and calling the following two days (January 6th and 7th) off for the capital. ^[5]

Demographics

Population of Tehran

The city of Tehran had a population of about 11 million people at the time of the last official census in 2006 ^[6]. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale.

With its cosmopolitan air, Tehran houses diverse ethnic and linguistics groups from all over the country and represents the ethnic/linguistic composition of Iran (though with a different percentage). More than 60 percent of Tehranis were born outside Tehran.

Tehran is the largest Persian-speaking city in the world and Tehrani-spoken Persian is the standard spoken form of Persian language used throughout the country. Although indigenous people of Tehran before 19th century were Mazandaranis (still residing in the southern slopes of Elburz), today the majority of Tehran residents are known as Persians who speak many different dialects of Persian corresponding to their hometown, including Esfahani, Shirazi, Yazdi, Khuzestani, Dari, Judeo-Persian, etc. The Mazandarani people are an Iranian people living primarily in south-eastern Caspian Sea coast For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox Esfahān or Isfahan (historically also rendered as Ispahan or Hispahan, Old Persian: Aspadana, Middle Persian: Spahān Shiraz ( شیراز Shīrāz) is the fifth most populated city in Iran and the capital of Fars Province. Yazd (pronounced /jæzd/ (In Persian: یزد is the capital of Yazd province, "the second most ancient and historic city in the world" and a centre There are a number of Khuzestani Persian Dialects unique to the province of Khuzestan in southwestern Iran. Dari is a Northwestern Iranian Ethnolect spoken as a first language by estimated 8000 to 15000 Zoroastrians in and around the cities of Yazd Judæo-Persian or Jidi ( IPA: /ʤiːdiː/ also spelled as Dzhidi) is the Jewish language spoken by the Jews living in Iran The second largest linguistic group is that of the Azeri-speakers. The Azerbaijanis are an Ethnic group mainly in the Republic of Azerbaijan and northwestern Iran.

Other minority linguistic groups include Kurds, Mazandarani, Gilaks, Lurs, Baluch,Qashqa'i, Turkmen, Arab, Armenian, Bakhtiari, Assyrian, Talysh etc. The Mazandarani people are an Iranian people living primarily in south-eastern Caspian Sea coast Lors (also Lurs Persianلر are a branch of Iranian people living mostly in south-western Iran. The Baloch ( بلوچ; alternative transliterations Baluch Balouch Bloach Balooch Balush Balosh Baloosh Baloush) are an Iranian people inhabiting Qashqai (qaʃqaːʔiː also spelled Ghashghai, Qashqay and Qashqa'i) are a Turkic people living in Iran. This article is about the Turkmen people of Turkmenistan. For the distinct group of Turk peoples of Iraq see Iraqi Turkmen. Iranian Arabs (عربان ايرانی are the Arabic -speaking peoples of Iran. Armenian Iranians (Armenian "Իրանահայ" translit The Bakhtiari (or Bakhtiyari Bakhtyari) are a group of southwestern Iranians. The once thriving '''Assyrian''' community in Iran was diminished from around 200000 at the close of the 20th century to a mere 15000 to 20000 (total population of Iran is Talysh (also Talishi, Taleshi or Talyshi) are an Iranian people who speak the Talysh language, one of the Northwestern Iranian There are also a number of a few long established linguistic minorities such as Punjabi-speaking sikhs & Domari-speaking Romas as well as a small amount ethnic Georgians who have resided in Northern Iran for centuries. Punjabi (pa ਪੰਜਾਬੀ in Gurmukhi script pa-PK {{Nastaliq پنجابی}} in Shahmukhi script Pañjābī in Transliteration) is an Domari is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Dom people across the Middle East, mainly in Iran, Egypt, Pakistan The Romani people (singular Rom, plural Roma as a Noun; also known as Romanies or Roma people) are an ethnic group with origins The Georgians (ქართველები kartvelebi) are a Nation and Ethnic group originating in the Caucasus, the oldest group of the A number of Levantine Arabic speakers of Lebanese origin also live in Tehran.

Tehran saw a drastic change in its ethno-social composition in early 1980s. Following the political, social and economic consequences of the Islamic Revolution of Iran in 1979 and onwards, many wealthier Tehranis left for abroad (mostly to Europe and the United States) in search of a safer haven. The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed

With the start of the Iran-Iraq war (1980-1988) following an Iraqi invasion, a second wave of inhabitants fled the city especially under Iraqi air offensive on the capital. With most major powers backing Iraq at that time, economic isolation caused even more reasons for the inhabitants to leave the city (and the country). Having left all they had and having struggled to adopt to a new country and build a life, most of them never came back when the war was over. During the war, Tehran also received a great number of migrants from the west and the southwest of the country bordering Iraq.

The unstable situation and the war in neighboring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into the country who came in millions, with Tehran being a magnet for modest workers who helped the city to recover from war wounds, charging far less than local construction workers. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of UNHCR but there are still sizeable Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their country. Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR (established December 14, 1950) is a For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. Afghan refugees are mostly Persian-speaking Hazara or Tajiks, speaking a dialect of Persian, and Iraqi refugees, who are mainly Shiite Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers of Iranian origin. The Hazāra ( are a Persian-speaking people residing in the central region of Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan.

The majority of Tehranis are the followers of Twelver Shia Islam which is also the state religion. See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam Religious minorities include followers of various sects of Sunni Islam, Zoroastrianism, Bahá'í Faith, Judaism, and Christianity (including the adherents of the Assyrian Church of the East, Armenian Apostolic Church, Roman Catholic Church, Chaldean Catholic Church, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Iranian Protestant churches, Kelisa-ye Khanegi-ye Iraniyan, Armenian Evangelical Church, Jama'at-e Rabbani (Assemblies of God), Armenian Brotherhood Church, Russian Orthodox Church, and the Presbyterian Church). Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings The Bahá'í Faith is a Religion founded by Bahá'u'lláh in nineteenth-century Persia, emphasizing the spiritual unity of all humankind Judaism (from the Greek Ioudaïsmos, derived from the Hebrew יהודה Yehudah, " Judah " in Hebrew יַהֲדוּת Yahedut Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East (ܥܕܬܐ ܩܕܝܫܬܐ ܘܫܠܝܚܝܬܐ ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ ܕܡܕܢܚܐ ܕܐܬܘܪ̈ܝܐ ‘Ittā Qaddishtā wa-Shlikhāitā Qattoliqi The Armenian Apostolic Church (Հայաստանեայց Առաքելական Եկեղեցի Hayasdaneaytz Arakelagan The Chaldean Catholic Church or the Chaldean Church of Babylon (الكنيسة الكلدانية) is an Eastern particular church of the The Seventh-day Adventist (abbreviated " Adventist " Church is a Christian denomination which is distinguished mainly by its observance The Armenian Evangelical Church ( Armenian: Հայաստանեայց Աւետարանական Եկեղեցի was established on July 1 1846 by thirty-seven men and three women Jama'at-e Rabbani is the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God, one of the largest evangelical Pentecostal Christian churches. The Armenian Brotherhood Church (also known as the Armenian Evangelical Brotherhood Church, the Armenian Brotherhood Bible Church or some other iterations started See also Eastern Orthodox Church Structure and organization The Slavic Orthodox Church is organized in a hierarchical structure Presbyterianism is a family of Christian denominations within the Reformed branch of Protestant Western Christianity There are also small groups of Sikhs, Hindus, Buddhists, Mandeans, Spiritualists, Atheists, Azalis, Yazidis, Yarsan, Ismaili, Secular Muslims and the followers of Mystic Islam. Sikh (English or; ਸਿੱਖ sikkh, IPA) is the title and name given to an adherent of Sikhism. A Hindu ( Devanagari: हिन्दू is an adherent of the philosophies and scriptures of Hinduism, a set of religious, Philosophical A number of noted individuals have been Buddhists. Historical Buddhist thinkers and founders of schools Individuals are grouped by nationality except in cases where the Mandaeism or Mandaeanism ( Mandaic: Mandaiuta, مندائية Mandā'iyya) is a Monotheistic Religion with a strongly Spiritualism is a Religion founded in part on the writings of the Swedish mystic Emanuel Swedenborg (1688-1772 Atheism Azali, or Azali Bábí is the name of a follower of Subh-i-Azal and the Báb. The Yazidi (also Yezidi, Kurdish: ئزیدی or Êzidî, Arabic: يزيدي or ايزدي Assyrian/Syriac: ܓ̰ܠܟܝܐ is a The Ahl-e Haqq or Yârsân ( Kurdish: ﯼاڔﮦساﻥ Yâresân اهل حق Ahl-e Haqq "People of Truth" are members of a religion founded For the Egyptian city see Ismaïlia. The Ismāʿīlī ( Urdu: إسماعیلی Ismāʿīlī, Arabic: الإسماعيليون Progressive Muslims have produced a considerable body of liberal thoughts within Islam (in Arabic: الإسلام الاجتهادي Sufism ( تصوّف - taṣawwuf, Persian: صوفی‌گری sufigari, Turkish: tasavvuf, Urdu: تصوف

Despite being the seat of a theological government and the fact that most important religious unions and academies of the country are based in Tehran, the city remains the most secular and liberal in the nation, a fact that attracts many youngsters from elsewhere to study in the capital.

Architecture and landmarks

Khalvat Karimkhani

Post-Modern Architecture A commercial building in Tehran

See also Architecture of Tehran

Tehran is a relatively old city; as such, it has an architectural tradition unique to itself. Karim Khan Zand, ( کریم خان زند) (c 1705- 1779 also called Karim Khan the Great (Bozorg was the ruler and De facto Shah of Iran Tehran is a relatively old city As such it has an architectural tradition unique to itself Archaeological investigations and excavations in Tehran demonstrate that this area was home to civilizations as far back as 6,000 years BC. Tehran served only as a village to a relatively small population for most of its history, but began to take a more considerable role in Iran after it was made the capital in the 19th century. Despite the occurrence of earthquakes during the Qajar period and before, some buildings still remain from Tehran's era of antiquity. ^[7] Today Tehran is Iran's primate city, and has the most modernized infastructure in the country; however, the gentrification of old neighborhoods and the demolition of buildings of cultural significance has caused concerns. A primate city is the leading city in its country or region disproportionately larger than any others in the Urban hierarchy. Gentrification, or urban gentrification, is the change in an Urban area associated with the movement of more affluent individuals into a lower-class ^[8]

The Azadi Tower has been the longstanding symbol of Tehran. The Azadi Tower ( Borj-e Azadi meaning in Freedom Tower (previously known as the Shahyād Āryāmehr, King Memorial Tower is the symbol of Tehran It was constructured to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian empire, and was originally named "Shahyad Tower"; after the Iranian revolution, its name changed to "Azadi Tower," meaning "Freedom Tower. The 2500 year celebration of Iran’s monarchy ( Persian جشن‌های ۲۵۰۰ سالۀ شاهنشاهی ایران consisted The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed " The recently constructed Milad Tower may eventually replace the Azadi Tower as Tehran's new symbol. Borj-e Milad (aka Milad Tower,) (birth is the tallest Tower in Iran. The Milad complex contains the world's fourth tallest tower, several restaurants, a five star hotel, a convention center, a world trade center, and an IT park. The following fall under the definition of a Tower which is a tall man-made structure always taller than it is wide and usually much higher ^[9] Traditionally a low-lying city due to seismic activity in the region, modern high rise developments in Tehran have been undertaken in order to service its growing population.

The tallest residential building in Iran is a 54-story building located North of Youssef Abad district, the Tehran International Tower. Yusef Abad is a locality of Tehran, consisting of an area developed through parallel streets called Yusef Abad Ebn e Sina (Avicena Jahan Ara Modabber (Mahram and Mostowfi The International Tehran Tower ( is a 54-story building in Tehran, Iran. It is architecturally designed similar to Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, USA. Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino is a 39-story Luxury Hotel Casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Las Vegas. The Las Vegas Strip (also known as The Strip) is an approximately 4 mile (6 Paradise is a Census-designated place (CDP in Clark County, Nevada, United States and a major suburb of Las Vegas. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[10] Appealing to the principle of vertical rather than horizontal expansion of the city, the Tehran International Tower is bound to the North by Youssef Abad, to the South By Hakim Highway, to the East by Kordesstan Highway and to the West by Sheikh Bahai Highway, all of which facilitate access to various parts of the city. ^[11]

Keshavarz Blvd	The White Tower, Borje Sefid, in Pasdaran Avenue	Modern highrises of Elahiyeh district	Goldiss Building at Sadeghieh
Tehran International Tower, A. Pasdaran is a neighborhood of northern Tehran centered around eastern side of Pasdaran Ave Elahieh (also spelt Elahiyeh) is a district in northern Tehran. The International Tehran Tower ( is a 54-story building in Tehran, Iran. S. P complex	Milad Tower	Kordestan Highway

Location and subdivisions

Tehran county borders Shemiranat county to the north, Damavand county to the east, Eslamshahr, Pakdasht, and Ray counties to the south, and Karaj and Shahriar counties to the west. Shemiran (also called Shemiranat, center of Shemiranat County) is the name of the northern part of the city of Tehran, capital of Iran. Mount Damāvand ( also known as Donbavand, is a Dormant volcano and the highest peak in Iran with a special place in the Persian mythology Eslamshahr is a city located on the south-west of the provincial capital Tehran, in Iran. Pakdasht is the center of Pakdasht County, a township in Tehran Province. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province Karaj is a city in Iran, located in Tehran province. It is situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of Alborz mountains

Neighborhoods and districts of Tehran

Municipal Districts of Tehran

The city of Tehran is divided into 22 municipal districts, each with its own administrative centers.

Within these 22 districts, Tehran contains the following major neighborhoods:

Abbas Abad, Afsariyeh, Amir Abad, Bagh Feiz, Baharestan, Darakeh, Darband, Dardasht, Dar Abad, Darrous, Dehkadeh Olampik, Ekhtiyariyeh, Elahiyeh, Evin, Farmanieh,Gheitariye, Gholhak, Gisha, Gomrok, Hasan Abad, Jamaran, Jannat Abad, Javadiyeh, Jomhuri, Jordan, Lavizan, Narmak, Navab, Nazi Abad, Niavaran, Park-e Shahr, Pasdaran, Punak, Ray, Sa'adat Abad, Sadeghiyeh, Seyed Khandan, Sohrevardi, Shahrara, Shahr-e ziba, Shahrak-e Gharb, Shemiran, Tajrish, Tehranpars, Tehransar, Vanak, Velenjak, Yaft Abad, Yusef Abad, Zafaraniyeh, etc. Abbās Ābād ( Persian: عباس آباد - approximate latitude of 35°44'08"N and longitude of 51°26'08"E is a large north-central neighborhood of Afsariyeh is a neighborhood in south-east of Tehran in Iran. Amir Abad ( Persian: امیرآباد) is a district in the city of Tehran, Iran. Bagh Feiz is a neighbourhood located south of the city of Tehran in Iran. Baharestan ( is the name given to the historic Iranian parliament (majlis building inaugurated in 1906 (see Iranian Constitutional Revolution) Darakeh is a neighbourhood located north of the provincial capital of Tehran, Iran. Darband was formerly a village close to Tajrish, Shemiran, and is now a neighbourhood inside Tehran 's city limits Dardasht (in persian دردشت is the name of neighbourhoods in the eastern part of Tehran as well in Isfahan. Darabad ( is a quarter in north-eastern Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Darrous is a neighborhood in Shemiran, northern Tehran, Iran. Dehkadeh Olampik is a locality west of the city of Tehran in Iran. Dibaji is a district in northern Tehran, Iran. Often referred to as Ekhtiyarieh or South Dibaji Dibaji is located mainly along Dibaji Street Elahieh (also spelt Elahiyeh) is a district in northern Tehran. Evin is a neighbourhood in the north of Tehran. The district consists of an old section filled with orchards and gardens of old houses and a new section with towering Farmaniye (also spelled Farmaniye) is a district located in Shemiran, Tehran, Iran centered around Farmanieh Street Gheytarieh (also spelled Qeytarieh) is a District, in northeastern Tehran 's city limits within the larger Shemiran district Gholhak (also Qolhak) is a neighbourhood in Northern Tehrana part of Shemiran,located between Zargandeh/ Elahiyeh to the west and Ektiarieh Gisha At beginning was KEYSHA ( the first Alfabet of 2 founder in 40 years agoMr Gomrok is a locality located the south-west of the central district of Tehran in Iran. Hasan Abad is an old and traditional business area within the Moniriyeh district of Tehran, Iran. For the Naval vessel see Iranian destroyer Jamaran Jamaran is a neighbourhood located north of the city of Tehran in Iran. Jannat Abad is a large neighbourhood in Tehran Iran. It is an area around the Jannat Abad Street located in West Tehran. Javadiyeh is a neighbourhood located south of the city of Tehran in Iran. Jomhuri is officially known as Jomhuri Islami Avenue which means Islamic republic Jordan (current official name Africa Blvd) is the name of a popular avenue in Tehran, Iran. Lavizān (لویزان is a northeastern neighborhood of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Narmak is a neighbourhood in north-east Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Navvāb ( Persian: نواب is a district in the south-west of the central district of Tehran, Iran. Nazi Abad is a neighborhood in south-east of the central district of the city of Tehran in Iran. Park niavaranjpg|thumb|right|The Niavaran Public Library is nestled snuggly within the Niavaran city park Park-e Shahr is a major park and also a neighbourhood located in the central part of Tehran in Iran. Pasdaran is a neighborhood of northern Tehran centered around eastern side of Pasdaran Ave Punak is a neighbourhood in north-west Tehran, the capital city of Iran. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province Sa'adat Abad ( is a neighbourhood located North of Shahrak-e Gharb. Sadeghiyeh (also Sadeghieh Sadeqiyeh is a heavily populated district of Tehran. Seyed Khandan is a locality of the city of Tehran in Iran. It is near Resalat district. Shahrara is a neighbourhood in south-west Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Shahr-e ziba is a neighbourhood in south-west Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Shahrak-e Gharb (also called Shahrak-e Qods,) is a planned town built as a massive project of modern apartment buildings and villas in the north-western part Shemiran (also called Shemiranat, center of Shemiranat County) is the name of the northern part of the city of Tehran, capital of Iran. Tajrish is a neighbourhood along the northern edge of Tehran, the capital of Iran Tehranpars or Tehran Pars (in Persian تهران‌پارس is a Planned city inside the Greater Tehran Area. Tehransar is a locality west of the city of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Vanak ( is a Maidan and a neighbourhood in the northern part of Tehran, capital of Iran. Velenjak is a neighbourhood northwest of Tehran, in Iran. About Located in the Shemiran area in the northernmost part of Tehran Yaft Abad is a locality in Tehran, located south-west of the central district of Tehran in Iran. Yusef Abad is a locality of Tehran, consisting of an area developed through parallel streets called Yusef Abad Ebn e Sina (Avicena Jahan Ara Modabber (Mahram and Mostowfi Zafaraniyeh (main street Shahid Sarlashkar Fallahi is a neighbourhood in the north of Tehran, Iran.

For a map of the relative locations of the neighborhoods and the full list, see List of the localities around Tehran. Map A Aba Barik Ab Ali Pist-e Eski-ye Abali Ab Anjirak

Older neighborhoods

Tehran's old city fabric changed dramatically during the Pahlavi era. Some of the older remaining districts of Tehran are: Udlajan, Sangelaj, Bazaar, Chaleh Meydan, Doulat. See also Grand Bazaar Istanbul The Grand Bazaar is the world's largest Bazaar situated in the capital of Iran, Tehran. Doulat (also spelled Dowlat) is a district in northern Tehran, Iran. Chaleh Meydan is the oldest neighborhood of the aforementioned. . .

Economy

See also: Economy of Iran

About 30% of Iran’s public-sector workforce and 45% of large industrial firms are located in Tehran and almost half of these workers work for the government. The economy of Iran is a Transition economy where a continuing strong labour force growth unmatched by commensurate real economic growth is driving up Unemployment Most of the remainder of workers are factory workers, shopkeepers, laborers, and transport workers. Few foreign companies operate in Tehran because of the Islamic government and its poor relations with the west. But before the Islamic revolution many western companies were active in this region. The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed Today many modern industries of this city include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading center for the sale of carpets and furniture. There is an oil refinery near Ray, south of the city. Tehran has three airports, including Mehrabad International Airport, Imam Khomeini International Airport, and Ghal'eh Morghi airfield. Mehrabad Airport (فرودگاه مهرآباد is an Airport that serves Tehran, Iran. Imam Khomeini International Airport ( is located in Tehran, Iran.

Tehran relies heavily on private cars, buses, motorcycles, and taxis, and is one of the most car-dependent cities in the world. The Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a full member of the Federation Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs (FIBV) and a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges, has been one of the world's best performing stock exchanges in recent years. The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE (بورس اوراق بهادار تهران is Iran 's largest stock exchange which first opened in April 1968 The Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges ( FEAS) is a Non-profit international organization comprising the main Stock exchanges in Europe and Asia ^[12]

Transportation

See also: Transport in Iran

Current Tehran Metro coverage of the metropolitan area

The metropolis of Tehran enjoys a huge network of highways (280 km) and of interchanges’ ramps & loops (180km). Iran has a long paved road system linking most of its towns and all of its cities History Tehran metro is one of the middle east's biggest metros In 2007 there were 130 kilometers of highways and 120 kilometers of ramps and loops under construction. ^[13]

Tehran has one of the cleanest and most convenient metro systems, in terms of accessibility to different parts of the city, in the region. The feasibility study and conceptual planning of the construction were started in 1970s. In 2001, the first two of its seven envisaged lines of metro were opened to public usage.

Development of the Tehran metro system had been interrupted by the Islamic Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War. History Tehran metro is one of the middle east's biggest metros The Iranian Revolution' (mostly known as the Islamic Revolution, Persian: انقلاب اسلامی Enghelābe Eslāmi was the Revolution that transformed Problems arising from the late completion of the metro led to buses taking on the role of the metro lines, serving mainly long distance routes. Taxis filled the void for local journeys. The taxis only drive on main avenues, and only within the local area, so it may be necessary to take several taxis to get to one's final destination. This has all led to extreme congestion and air pollution within the city. Since the completion of the first 3 phases of the Metro, some of these above problems have been mitigated.

Tehran is served by Mehrabad national Airport, an old airport which doubles as a military base located in the Western part of the city, and Imam Khomeini International Airport, 50 kilometers (31 mi) South, which handles international flights. Mehrabad Airport (فرودگاه مهرآباد is an Airport that serves Tehran, Iran. Imam Khomeini International Airport ( is located in Tehran, Iran.

Tehran also has a central train station with connecting services round the clock to various cities in the country. There are four bus terminals that also provide connections at low fares. These are the South, East, West, and Bei-haghi Park-Drive Terminals.

While the center of the city houses the government ministries and headquarters, the commercial centers are more located toward Valiasr Street (formally known as Pahlavi street), Taleghani Ave, and Beheshti Ave further north. Although administratively separate, Rey, Shemiran, and Karaj are often considered part of the larger Tehran metropolitan area. See Rayshahr for the Sassanid center of learning in Fars province Shemiran (also called Shemiranat, center of Shemiranat County) is the name of the northern part of the city of Tehran, capital of Iran. Karaj is a city in Iran, located in Tehran province. It is situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of Alborz mountains

See also: List of Tehran metro stations, Tehran Monorail. Tehran's Metro system consists of 8 lines 3 of which are currently operational (Lines 1 2 and 5 In 2002 the capital of Iran, Tehran, Iranian experts began to re-examine the possibilities for installing a Monorail transport system to help reduce

Pollution

See also: Environmental issues in Iran

Smog is easily seen in Downtown Tehran. Environmental issues in Iran includeballs in urban areas Vehicle emissions Refinery operations and industrial effluents which

Alborz Mountains in a day of relatively clean air.

Tehran suffers from severe air pollution and the city is often covered by smog making breathing difficult and causing widespread pulmonary illnesses. Smog is a kind of Air pollution; the word "smog" is a Portmanteau of Smoke and Fog. It is estimated that about 27 people die each day from pollution-related diseases. ^[14] According to local officials, 3,600 people died in a single month due to the hazardous air quality. ^[15]

The air pollution is due to several different reasons: 1) Economical: most Iranian industries are located on the outskirts of Tehran. The city is also overrun with old and aging cars which do not meet today's emission regulations. Furthermore, Iran's busiest airport, Mehrabad International Airport, is located in the west of the city; 2) Infrastructure: Tehran has a poor public transportation network. Mehrabad Airport (فرودگاه مهرآباد is an Airport that serves Tehran, Iran. Buses and metros do not cover every area of the city. Most people are then obliged to either use private cars or hire taxis. This has created severe traffic congestion; 3) Geographical: Tehran is bound in the north by the massive Alborz mountain range that is stopping the flow of the humid Caspian wind. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High As a result, thermal inversion that traps Tehran's polluted air is frequently observed. In meteorology an inversion is a deviation from the normal change of an atmospheric property with altitude The lack of humidity and clouds makes Tehran a very sunny city. The UV radiations then combined with the existing pollutants significantly raise the level of the ozone. OZONE is an object oriented Operating system written in the C programming language.

The government, however, is engaged in a battle to reduce the air pollution. It has for instance encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to engines that run on compressed natural gas. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG is a Fossil fuel substitute for Gasoline (petrol Diesel, or Propane Fuel. Furthermore, since 1979 the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran has setup a "Traffic Zone" (طرح ترافیک) covering the city center during peak traffic hours. Entering and driving inside this zone is only allowed with a special permit. The government is also trying to raise people's awareness about the hazards of the pollution. One method that is currently been employed is the installation of Pollution Indicator Boards all around the city to monitor the current level of particulate matter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), ozone (O₃), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and carbon monoxide (CO). Particulates, alternatively referred to as particulate matter (PM or fine particles, are tiny particles of solid or liquid suspended in a gas Nitrogen dioxide is the Chemical compound with the formula N[[Oxygen O]]2 Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO is a colorless odorless tasteless yet highly toxic Gas. The board also displays the Pollutant Standard Index (PSI), which is a general indication of air quality based on the measurements of the above-mentioned five pollutants. The Pollution Indicator Boards classify the level of each pollutants as either safe, hazardous or dangerous. In 2007 Iran imposed fuel rations and since the use of cars has thereafter declined, streets are less congested and the air quality has improved. The main reason for this rationing was to reduce fuel consumption, so that fuel is not imported eventually.

Education and research

See also: Education in Iran and List of colleges and universities in Tehran

Tehran is the biggest and most important educational center of Iran. Iran's educational system comprises many schools and universities scattered throughout the country Tehran's major colleges and universities are KNToosi University of Technology (KNTU Allameh Tabatabaii University Today there are nearly 50 major colleges and universities total in Greater Tehran. Greater Tehran is the metropolitan urban area in Tehran Province that covers the contiguous cities of Tehran, Ray, Shemiranat, and other areas

Since the establishment of Darolfonoon in the mid 1800s, Tehran has amassed a large number of institutions of higher education. Dar al-Funun ( دار الفنون) established in 1851, was the first modern institution of higher learning in Persia. Some of these institutions have played crucial roles in the unfolding of Iranian political events. The University of Tehran is the oldest state university and the largest university of Iran. The University of Tehran ( also known as Tehran University and UT, is the oldest and largest university of Iran. Samuel M. Jordan, whom Jordan Avenue in Tehran is named after, was also one of the founding pioneers of the American College of Tehran. Dr Samuel Martin Jordan (1871-1952 was an American presbyterian missionary in Persia ( Iran) Alborz High School (in Persian: fa دبیرستان البرز) is a High school located in the heart of Tehran, Iran.

Tehran is also home to Iran's largest military academy, and several religious schools and seminaries.

Sport

See also: Sport in Iran

Tehran was the first city in the Middle East to host the Asian Games. Many sports are practiced in Iran, both traditional and modern The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a Multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. The 7th Asian Summer Games in 1974, was held with the participation of 2,363 athletes and officials from 25 countries.

Tehran is also the site of Iran's national football stadium on Azadi Sport Complex with 100,000 seating capacity. The Azadi Sport Complex is the national sports complex of Iran based in Tehran. Seating capacity refers to the number Many of the top matches of Iran's Premier League are held here. In 2005, FIFA ordered Iran to limit spectators allowed into Azadi stadium because of a fatal crush and inadequate safety procedures. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (French for International Federation of Association Football) Other stadiums in Tehran are Shahid Dastgerdi Stadium, Takhti Stadium, and Shahid Shirudi Stadium, among others. The Shahid Dastgerdi Stadium ( is a football Stadium located in the Ekbatan area of Tehran, Iran.

International Snowboard championship in Dizin. Dizin is a Ski resort situated to the north of Tehran in the Alborz mountain range & also the most important ski resort in Iran & The Middle East The ski resort of Dizin is situated to the north of Tehran in the Alborz Mountains range. For the Iranian Frigate Alborz see Iranian frigate Alborz. For Alborz High School (in Persianدبیرستان البرز see Alborz High

Within 10 minutes driving distance from Tehran lies a ski resort. Tochal is the world's fifth highest ski resort, at over 3,730 metres (12,240 ft) at its highest 7th station. Mount Tochal is a mountain in the Alborz range and adjacent to metropolitan Tehran, Iran. The resort was completed in 1976 shortly before the overthrow of the Shah.

Here, one must first ride the eight kilometre (five mile) long gondola lift which covers a huge vertical. The 7th station has three slopes. The resort's longest slope is the south side U shaped slope which goes from the 7th station to 5th station. The other two slopes are located on the north side of the 7th station. Here, there are two parallel chair ski lifts that go up to 3,900 metres (12,795 ft) near Tochal's peak (at 4,000 m/13,125 ft), rising higher than the gondola 7th station. This altitude is higher than any of the European resorts.

From the Tochal peak, one has a spectacular view of the Alborz range, including the 5,671 metre (18,606 ft) high Mt. Damavand, a dormant volcano.

At the bottom of the lifts in a valley behind the Tochal peak is Tochal hotel, located at 3,500 metres (11,483 ft) altitude. From there a T lift takes skiers up the 3,800 metres (12,500 ft) of Shahneshin peak, where the third slope of Tochal is.

Tochal 7th station has skiing eight months of the year. But there are also some glaciers and year-round snow fields near Tehran where skiing began in 1938, thanks to the efforts of two German railway engineers. Today, 12 ski resorts operate in Iran, but the most famous are Tochal, Dizin, and Shemshak, all within one to three hours of Tehran. Mount Tochal is a mountain in the Alborz range and adjacent to metropolitan Tehran, Iran. Dizin is a Ski resort situated to the north of Tehran in the Alborz mountain range & also the most important ski resort in Iran & The Middle East Shemshak is a Ski resort situated to the north-east of Tehran in the Alborz mountain range

Football

In Football (soccer), Tehran is host to six football clubs in Iran's Premier Football League, namely:

These clubs have on numerous occasions won Asian titles, and some of their players are known internationally. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Esteghlal Cultural and Athletic Club ( is an Iranian Sports club most widely known for its professional football team based in Tehran Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Amir Ghalenoei (also spelled Qalehnoie,, born July 9, 1964 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian football coach This article is about the football club For other uses see Persepolis (disambiguation. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1963 ( MCMLXIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Afshin Ghotbi ( born February 8, 1964 in Shiraz, Iran) is an Iranian football coach. For the automobile, see Paykan. For the missile boat see Iranian missile boat Paykan. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Saba Battery Football Club ( is a football team based in Qom, Iran. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Yahya Golmohammadi ( born March 19, 1971 in Ardabil) is an Iranian Football (soccer player For the automobile company see SAIPA. Saipa Karaj Football Club ( is a football team based in Karaj, Iran Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Ali Daei, ( pronounced dɑːjiː}} nicknamed '''''Shahriar''''' [{{IPA|ʃæhrijɑːr}} meaning The king, born March 21 1969 in Ardabil, Iran Rah Ahan Football Club ( is an Iranian football club based in Tehran, Iran. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Year 1964 ( MCMLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the 1964 Gregorian calendar. The Iran Pro League (IPL ( currently known as the Persian Gulf Cup (جام خلیج فارس is a professional football league competition for clubs located at Davoud Mahabadi ( born 21 August 1973 in Tehran) is an Iranian football manager and former player currently managering Rah Ahan ^[20] The prominent matches are usually held at Azadi Stadium. The Azadi Stadium ( is Iran 's national and largest Stadium. The Azadi stadium officially has a capacity of 90000 people and was built to host the

Tourism and attractions

Tehran, as Iran's showcase and historical capital city, has a wealth of cultural attractions. The Peacock Throne of the Persian Kings (Shahs) can be found in Tehran's Golestan Palace. The Peacock Throne, called Takht-e-Tâvus (تخت طاووس in Persian, is the name originally of a Mughal Throne of India later used to describe Shah is an Iranian term for a Monarch (leader that has been adopted in many other languages Golestān Palace (کاخ گلستان is the former royal Qajar complex in Iran 's capital city Some of the well-known museums are National Museum of Iran, Sa'dabad Palaces Complex, Glassware and Ceramics Museum of Iran, The Carpet Museum of Iran, Tehran's Underglass painting Museum, and Niavaran Palace Complex. The National Museum of Iran (in Persian: موزه ملي ايران Mūze-ye Millī-ye Irān, or موزه ایران باستان Muze-ye Irân-e Bâstân The Sadabad Palace ( Persian:کاخ سعدآباد Sa`dābād) is a palace built by the Pahlavi dynasty of Iran in the Shemiran area Located in Tehran, beside Laleh Park, and founded in 1976, the Carpet Museum of Iran exhibits a variety of Persian carpets from all over Niavarān Palace Complex is situated in the northern part of Tehran, Iran. The Tehran Museum of Contemporary Art features the works of great artists such as Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol. Contemporary arts tehran2jpg|thumb|right|The Museum has a sculpture Garden adjacent to Tehran's Laleh Park Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 For the song by David Bowie, see Andy Warhol (song. Andrew Warhola (August 6 1928 &ndash February 22 1987 known as Andy Warhol The collection of these paintings was selected by the former Empress Farrah Diba.

Tehran is also home to the Iranian Imperial Crown Jewels, also called the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia, its is claimed to be the largest, most dazzling and valuable jewel collection in the world. The Imperial Crown Jewels of Iran ( alternatively known as the Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia) includes several elaborate Crowns and decorative The collection comprises a set of crowns and thrones, some 30 tiaras, numerous aigrettes, jewel-studded swords and shields, a vast amount of precious loose gems, including the largest collections of emeralds, rubies and diamonds in the world. It also includes other items collected by the Shahs of Iran during the 2,500 year existence of the Iranian Kingdom. The Imperial Crown Jewels are still on display in the Iranian Central Bank in Tehran. The Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran (بانک مرکزی جمهوری اسلامی ايران Bank Markazi Jomhouri Islami Iran) is the Central bank

The following table shows some places for outdoors activities in Tehran:

Religious centers

• Hosseiniye Ershad
• Soltani Mosque, built by Fath Ali Shah
• Atiq Mosque, built in 1663. Darband may refer to Darband NWFP, A Union Council of Mansehra District Pakistan Darband (Tajikistan, a town or district in Tajikistan's Chitgar Forest Park is situated in Tehran province, Iran. It is an artificial forest and covers an area of 14 Niavaran Park is a public Park in Tehran. It is located within the Niavaran district and is situated immediately south of the Niavaran Palace Complex Mellat Park (Pârk-e Mellat is a park in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Laleh Park ( Pârk-e Laleh, formerly called Park-e Farah after Farah Diba) is a large recreation area of the Iranian capital Tehran Pictures Jamshidieh Park (or Jamshidieh Stone Garden established in memorial of Jamshid Davallu Qajar, a Qajar Prince that dedicated this garden to Farah Diba Darabad ( is a quarter in north-eastern Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Darakeh is a neighbourhood located north of the provincial capital of Tehran, Iran. The Azadi Sport Complex is the national sports complex of Iran based in Tehran. Lavizān (لویزان is a northeastern neighborhood of Tehran, the capital of Iran. Kavir National Park is a protected ecological zone in northern Iran. Pardisan Park (also called Shahrak-e Gharb's Forest Park, is a multi-purpose complex covering more than 270 hectares located in north-west Tehran. Trekking iranjpg|thumb|right|The valley after the first narrow extends two miles before the next narrow containing waterfalls The Hosseinieh Ershad or Hosseiniyeh Ershad (حسینیه ارشاد is a religious institute in Tehran, Iran. Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (var Fathalishah Fathali Shah Fath Ali Shah (‎ ( 5 September 1772 - 23 October 1834) was the second Qajar
• Mo'ezz o-dowleh mosque, built by Fath Ali Shah
• Haj Seyd Azizollah mosque, built by Fath Ali Shah
• Al-javad mosque, Iran's first modernist design mosque. Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (var Fathalishah Fathali Shah Fath Ali Shah (‎ ( 5 September 1772 - 23 October 1834) was the second Qajar Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar (var Fathalishah Fathali Shah Fath Ali Shah (‎ ( 5 September 1772 - 23 October 1834) was the second Qajar
• The Old Sepahsalar mosque, another prominent Qajar era mosque. The Qajar dynasty (also known as Ghajar or Kadjar ( ( - or دودمان قاجار) is a common term to describe Iran (then known as Persia) under
• The new Sepahsalar mosque (Madreseh e Motahari)
• Filsuf o-dowleh Mosque, Qajar era
• Moshir ol-Saltaneh Mosque, Qajar era
• Mo'ayyer ol-Mamalik Mosque, Qajar era
• Shahr Banu Mausoleum
• Javan-mard Qassab Mausoleum, a pre-Islamic semi-mythical hero
• Dozens of Imam-zadeh shrines, hundreds of years old, including that of Imam Zadeh Saleh. Shahrbānū (or Shahr Banu) ( Persian: شهربانو (Meaning "Lady of the Land" is a personage described to have been one of the daughters of Imam Zadeh Saleh or Emam Zadeh Saleh (امامزاده صالح is a Shi'a Imamzadeh, whose shrine is located at Tajrish Square in Tehran
• Dozens of Saqa Khanehs: traditional places of prayer
• Several Tekyehs: traditional places for mourning Muharram ceremonies for Husayn ibn Ali. Tekyeh is a place where Shias gather to mourn the killing of Husayn bin Ali. Ḥusayn ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib ( ar حسين بن علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب)‎ (third of Shaban 4 AH / 8th January 626 AD at Medina
• Ebn-e Babooyeh cemetery, where many Iranian giants such as Takhti and Ali Akbar Dehkhoda are buried. Ebn-e Babooyeh cemetery, Ibn-e Baabevey, or Ibn-Baveh ( ابن بابويه) is located in Iran in the town of Ray (now a neighborhood Gholamreza Takhti ( August 27, 1930 &ndash January 7, 1968) is the most famous wrestler in Iranian history Note In some Wikipedia articles the word "Dehkhoda" can refer to "Dehkhoda's Dictionary" or Dehkhoda himself
• Zahir o-dowleh cemetery, where many Iranian giants of art and culture such as Iraj Mirza, Mohammad Taghi Bahar, Forough Farrokhzad, Abolhasan Saba, Ruhollah Khaleghi, and Darvish-khan are buried. Zahir-od-dowleh cemetery (in Persian ظهيرالدوله) is located in Darband, close to Tajrish, Shemiran (now a neighbourhood Iraj Mirza tombjpg|thumb|right|Iraj Mirza's tombstone in Darband, Shemiran, Tehran. Mohammad-Taqí Bahār (محمد تقی بهار in Persian) ( November 6, 1884, Mashhad, Iran &mdash April 22, 1951 Forugh Farrokhzad (فروغ فرخزاد ( January 5, 1935 — February 14, 1967) was an Iranian poet and film director Abolhasan Sabā ( April 15, 1902 - December 19, 1957 ( was a renowned Iranian musician composer Violinist and Setar player Ruhollah Khāleghi (1906 Kerman, Iran &ndash November 12, 1965, Salzburg, Austria) ( was a prominent Iranian musician Darvish Khan ( Gholam Hossein Darvish, 1872 in Tehran – 22 November, 1926) was a Persian classical musician and a tar
• Kordan Tomb, Seljuqi era, Karaj. The Seljuq (also Seljuq Turks, Seldjuks, Seldjuqs, Seljuks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Ṣaljūqīyān; in Karaj is a city in Iran, located in Tehran province. It is situated 20 km west of Tehran, at the foot of Alborz mountains
• Maydanak Tomb, 13th century, Karaj
• The Polish Cemetery 1-north of Tehran in British Gholhak Garden, where numerous World War II western Allied soldiers are buried. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including 2- Polish cemetery (Catholic cemetery) Dulab south of Tehran
• Orthodox Cemetery, Dulab/The Russian Unknown Soldier's Tomb (Cenotaph) is located here with a red star over it
• Tower of silence (Dakhme gabrha). Located on Moshiryh Road behind 7th unit of Tehran cement factory. It is circular in shape.
• Naghare Khane Tower. Located on a mountain with same name (Nagharekhane) in Haftdastagh District, beside Amin Abad Road. Its age is not clear but it is related to the Seljuk Era. This tower is the tomb of a Seljuk king. Under the tower you can see other historical ruins (Einanj Dome). This place is a royal cemetery and was used in the early years of the Islamic Era in Persia.

Churches

• Surep Georg Church, 1790
• Thaddeus Bartoqimus Church, 1808
• Tatavus Church, from the Qajar era
• Enjili Church, 1867
• Assyrian Church

The Mayor of Tehran

Main article: Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf

• See also: List of mayors of Tehran
• See also: City Council of Tehran

Sister cities

• Beijing, China (planned 2006) [5]
• Caracas, Venezuela (2005) [6]
• Havana, Cuba (2001) [7]
• London, United Kingdom (19 March 1993)
• Los Angeles, USA (26 May 1972)[8]
• Pretoria, South Africa (planned 2002) [9]
• Moscow, Russia

Events

• 1974 Asian Games: The 7th Asian Games were held from September 1, 1974 to September 16, 1974 in Tehran, Iran. Saint Jude was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. He is generally identified with Thaddeus, and is also variously called Jude of James Mohammad Bagher Ghalibaf ( born September 23, 1961 in Torghabeh, near Mashhad) is the Mayor of Tehran. This is a list of Mayors of Tehran: Gholamreza Nikpey Gholamhossein Karbaschi ( 1988 - 1998) The Islamic City Council of Tehran (شورای اسلامی شهر تهران is the elected council that presides over the city of Tehran, elects the Mayor Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Events 1279 - A Mongolian victory in the Battle of Yamen ends the Song Dynasty in China. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Events 451 - The Battle of Avarayr between Armenian rebels and the Sassanid Empire takes place Year 1972 ( MCMLXXII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Pretoria is a city located in the northern part of Gauteng Province, South Africa. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Asian Games, also called the Asiad, is a Multi-sport event held every four years among athletes from all over Asia. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Azadi sports complex was made for the Games. The Azadi Sport Complex is the national sports complex of Iran based in Tehran. The Asian Games were hosted in the Middle East for the first time. Tehran, the capital of Iran, played host to 3,010 athletes coming from 25 countries/NOCs, the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games. ^[21]
• 1976 AFC Asian Cup: The 1976 AFC Asian Cup was the sixth edition of the Asian Nations Cup, the football (soccer) championship of Asia (AFC). The 1976 AFC Asian Cup was the sixth edition of the Asian Nations Cup, the Football (soccer championship of Asia ( AFC) It was hosted by Iran. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The field of six teams was split into two groups of three. Iran won their third title in a row, beating Kuwait in the final 1-0. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed ^[22]
• 1997 1st West Asian Games: The 1st West Asian Games was first organized in Tehran from 19 to 28 November 1997. The West Asian Games were first organised in Tehran Iran and were considered the first of their kind It was considered the first of their kind. The success of the games led to the creation of the West Asian Games Federation (WAGF) and the intention of hosting the games every two year. ^[23]

Pictures

Hasanabad district near the old Bazaar of Tehran	Farmanieh	Iran has the most extensive highway network in western Asia. Hasan Abad is an old and traditional business area within the Moniriyeh district of Tehran, Iran. See also Grand Bazaar Istanbul The Grand Bazaar is the world's largest Bazaar situated in the capital of Iran, Tehran.	Azadi Tower Square
A Highway in Tehran	Tehran from Darabad	A busy street in Tehran

Panoramic view

Panoramic view from Tehran

Panoramic view from Tehran at night

See also

• Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center
• Tehran Jewish Committee
• Tehran Stock Exchange
• Architecture of Tehran
• A. The Azadi Tower ( Borj-e Azadi meaning in Freedom Tower (previously known as the Shahyād Āryāmehr, King Memorial Tower is the symbol of Tehran The Dr Sapir Hospital and Charity Center, a Jewish charity Hospital in Tehran, is presently the largest charity among the Religious minorities in The Tehran Jewish Committee, formally registered in 1934 is an Umbrella group of Jewish organizations that work on behalf of the Persian Jews in Iran. The Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE (بورس اوراق بهادار تهران is Iran 's largest stock exchange which first opened in April 1968 Tehran is a relatively old city As such it has an architectural tradition unique to itself S. P. Towers
• List of colleges and universities in Tehran
• Tehran International Fairgrounds
• Tehran travel guide from Wikitravel
• City Council of Tehran
• Economy of Iran
• Bagh-e Ferdows

References

External links

• Tehran is at coordinates 35°41′46″N 51°25′23″E / 35.6962, 51.423 (Tehran)Coordinates: 35°41′46″N 51°25′23″E / 35.6962, 51.423 (Tehran)
• Tehran Map
• Tehran Photos & Videos
• Tehran Daily Photos
• Shapour Bahrami, Tehran, Iran, Photo Set, flickr. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system.
• Shapour Bahrami, The Sepahsalar Mosque, Tehran, Photo Set (the photo stream is to be followed to the right direction), flickr.

• Scott Peterson, Iran's Peace Museum: The reality vs. the glories of war, The Christian Science Monitor, December 24, 2007. Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. (On Iran's Peace Museum in Tehran)

Official

• Tehran Municipality website
• Tehran Geographic Information Center
• Tehran's Islamic City Council (in Persian)
• Tehran Traffic Control Center
• Information Center of Tehran Bussinesses and Locales
• Official Tehran Yellow pages (Ketabe Avval)
• Urban Tehran Documentray Photographs by K. Reshad

Underground

• Independent Art Media and Basement on Tehran Downtown
• Urban Art report
• Pop and Rock Music releases and reviews
• O21 Persian Hiphop Crew
• Tehran Photo Gallery
• Photos of Old Tehran