Székely Land (Hungarian: Székelyföld; Latin: Terra Siculorum; Romanian: Ţinutul Secuiesc) refers to the territories inhabited by the Székely, a Hungarian minority living in the centre of Romania. Hungarian ( magyar nyelv) is a Uralic language (more specifically a Ugric language) unrelated to most other languages in Europe. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance For the village in northeastern Hungary see Székely (village The Székely ( pronounced) or Szekler people (Székely The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania consisting of 1434377 people and making up 6 Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania They live in the valleys and hills of the Eastern Carpathian Mountains, corresponding to the present-day Harghita, Covasna, and parts of Mureş Counties in Romania. The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians (Carpaţi Czech, Polish and Slovak: Karpaty; Ukrainian: Карпати Harghita (har'gita Judeţul Harghita Hargita megye is a county ( Judeţ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat Covasna (ko'vasna Kovászna is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe.
Originally, the name Székely Land, or Szekler Land denoted an autonomous region within Transylvania. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian It existed as a legal entity since medieval times until the 19th century.
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Population
There are approximately 670,000 Székelys living in Székely Land, or 59% of the populations of Harghita, Covasna and Mureş counties. For the village in northeastern Hungary see Székely (village The Székely ( pronounced) or Szekler people (Székely The percentage of Székelys is higher in Harghita and Covasna (84. 6% and 73. 8% respectively), and lower in Mureş county, which was not entirely part of the traditional region (39. 3%).
Geography
Historically centred in the town of Târgu-Mureş (Marosvásárhely), other important centers of Székely Land are Miercurea Ciuc (Csíkszereda), Sfântu Gheorghe (Sepsiszentgyörgy), and Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely). Târgu Mureş (ˈtɨrgu ˈmureʃ in Romanian; Târgu Mureş Marosvásárhely (Székely-Vásárhely Neumarkt am Mieresch Novum Forum Siculorum is a city in Mureş Miercurea-Ciuc (Csíkszereda Szeklerburg Castle of the Székely) is the county seat of Harghita county Romania, in the Transylvania This article is about the city in Covasna County Romania There are five other localities called Sfântu Gheorghe in Romania among them Sfântu Gheorghe Tulcea. Odorheiu Secuiesc (Székelyudvarhely Oderhellen is the second-largest city in Harghita County, Romania.
History
- Further information: History of the Székely people
From the 12th and 13th centuries until 1876, the Székely Land enjoyed a considerable but varying amount of autonomy, first as a part of the Kingdom of Hungary, then inside the Principality of Transylvania, and finally as a part of the Habsburg Empire. Origins Myths At the end of the 13th century in a chronicle called Gesta Hungarorum, the notary of Hungarian King Béla explained his beliefs about the conquest The Kingdom of Hungary (short form Hungary) was a considerable state in Central Europe that existed from 1001 to 1918 then from 1919 to 1946 Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor The autonomy was largely due to the military service the Székely provided until the beginning of the 18th century. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system Medieval Székely Land was an alliance of the seven autonomous Székely Seats of Udvarhely, Csík, Maros, Sepsi, Kézdi, Orbai and Aranyos. For the village in northeastern Hungary see Székely (village The Székely ( pronounced) or Szekler people (Székely Seats (sedes szék stuhl scaun were territorial-administrative units in the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Aranyosszék (Sedes Aurata Scaunul Arieşului was the seat (territorial administrative unit of the Transylvanian Székelys living in the Valley of the The number of seats later decreased to five, when Sepsi, Kézdi and Orbai Seats were united into one territorial unit called Háromszék (literally Three Seats).
As a result of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, Transylvania became again part of the Kingdom of Hungary within Austria-Hungary and ceased to exist as a separate legal or administrative entity. The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich Kiegyezés established the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian In 1876, a general administrative reform abolished all the autonomous areas in the Kingdom of Hungary and created a unified system of counties. The following lists show the administrative divisions of the lands belonging to the Hungarian crown (1000 -1918 at selected points of time As a result, the autonomy of the Székely Land came to an end as well. Four counties were created in its place: Udvarhely, Háromszék, Csík, and Maros-Torda. Udvarhely was the name of an administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Háromszék (English translation Three Chairs; Romanian Trei Scaune) is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom Csík (Hungarian in Romanian Ciuc) was the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Maros-Torda is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. (Only half of the territory of Maros-Torda originally belonged to Székely Land. Maros-Torda is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. ) The isolated Aranyosszék became a district of Torda-Aranyos county. Aranyosszék (Sedes Aurata Scaunul Arieşului was the seat (territorial administrative unit of the Transylvanian Székelys living in the Valley of the Torda-Aranyos is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary.
In the Treaty of Trianon of 1920 following World War I, the Kingdom of Romania acquired Transylvania. The Treaty of Trianon is the peace treaty concluded at the end of World War I by the Allies of World War I, on one side and Hungary, seen as a successor World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of Transylvania (Ardeal or ro ''Transilvania'' Erdély, see also other denominations) is a Central European region located in the eastern half of the Carpathian The Romanian language officially replaced Hungarian in Székely Land, but Székely county boundaries were preserved, and Székely districts were able to elect their own officials at local level and to preserve a Hungarian-language education.
In 1940, Romania was forced to cede Northern Transylvania to Hungary in the Second Vienna Award; this territory included most of the historical Székely areas. Northern Transylvania is a region of Transylvania, situated within the territory of Romania. The Vienna Awards are two arbitral awards by which arbiters of Germany and Italy sought to enforce peacefully the claims of Hungary on territory it Hungarian authorities subsequently restored the pre-Trianon structure with slight modifications.
Following the territory's return to Romania after World War II, a Hungarian Autonomous Region was created in 1952, which encompassed most of the land inhabited by the Székely. Covasna (ko'vasna Kovászna is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Hungarian Autonomous Province ( Romanian: Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară, Hungarian: Magyar Autonóm Tartomány) was an autonomous region in This region lasted until 1968 when the administrative reform divided Romania into the current counties. Roughly speaking, present-day Harghita County encompasses the former Udvarhely and Csík; Covasna County covers more or less the territory Háromszék; and what used to be Maros-Torda is part of present-day Mureş County. Harghita (har'gita Judeţul Harghita Hargita megye is a county ( Judeţ) in the center of Romania, in eastern Transylvania, with the county seat Udvarhely was the name of an administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Csík (Hungarian in Romanian Ciuc) was the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Covasna (ko'vasna Kovászna is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Sfântu Gheorghe. Háromszék (English translation Three Chairs; Romanian Trei Scaune) is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom Maros-Torda is the name of a historic administrative county ( Comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. The former Aranyosszék is today divided between Cluj and Alba Counties. Aranyosszék (Sedes Aurata Scaunul Arieşului was the seat (territorial administrative unit of the Transylvanian Székelys living in the Valley of the Cluj (kluʒ Hungarian: Kolozs) is a County ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Cluj-Napoca Alba ('alba Hungarian: Fehér) is a county ( Judeţ) of Romania, in Transylvania, with the capital city at Alba Iulia
After the fall of Communism, many hoped that the former Hungarian Autonomous Region, abolished by the Ceausescu Regime, would soon be restored again. The Hungarian Autonomous Province ( Romanian: Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară, Hungarian: Magyar Autonóm Tartomány) was an autonomous region in This has not come true, however, there are Székely autonomy initiatives[1][2] and further efforts from Székely organisations to reach a higher level of self-governance for Székely Land within Romania. The Székely Land is a region of central Romania According to official data from the Romania's 2002 census 668471 persons in Mureş, Harghita
Tourist attractions
- Rural tourism
- Hiking in the mountains
- Mofette, Spas
- Mineral springs, thermal baths
- Salt mines (treatment against allergy and asthma)
- Traditional Székely handicrafts (Pottery, wood carving)
Image gallery
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Notes
- ^ Kosovo’s Actions Hearten a Hungarian Enclave. Mofetta (Italian from Latin mephitis a pestilential exhalation is a name applied to a Volcanic discharge consisting chiefly of Carbon dioxide, often associated The term spa is associated with water treatment which is also known as Balneotherapy, Spa towns or Spa resorts offering such treatment or the medication Corund or Korond (Corund Korond is a commune in Harghita County, Romania, it acts as the centre of the " Salt-region " (hun Áron Tamási (born János Tamás; September 20, 1897 – May 26, 1966) was an Austro-Hungarian -born Hungarian Târgu Secuiesc or Kézdivásárhely (Târgu Secuiesc old spelling Tîrgu Secuiesc; Kézdivásárhely German: Szekler Neumarkt; Latin Siculeni or Madéfalva (Siculeni Madéfalva is a commune in Harghita County, Romania. Kürtőskalács or Kürtős Kalács is a Hungarian yeast-raised Pastry that is sold at street corners fast food stalls and pastry shops in Hungary Sovata (Szováta is a town in Mureş County, Transylvania, central Romania. Ilieni or Illyefalva ( Romanian: Ilieni, Hungarian: Illyefalva, German: Ilgendorf) is a commune The New York Times. Retrieved on 2008-04-08. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian
- ^ Manifesto of the Szekely Assembly
See also
- Hungarian minority in Romania
- Hungarian Autonomous Province
- List of Székely settlements
- Ethnic clashes of Târgu Mureş
External links
The Hungarian minority of Romania is the largest ethnic minority in Romania consisting of 1434377 people and making up 6 The Hungarian Autonomous Province ( Romanian: Regiunea Autonomă Maghiară, Hungarian: Magyar Autonóm Tartomány) was an autonomous region in Following is a list of Székely settlements. The list contains the municipalities belonging to the Székely Seats in the 19th century before the administrative reform Târgu Mureş ( Hungarian: Marosvásárhely) is a town in Romania with an ethnically mixed population that was almost equally distributedDapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic