 US Public Health Service |
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The Surgeon General of the United States is the head of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC) and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the U.S. government. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps ( PHSCC) is the federal uniformed service of the United States Public Health Service (PHS consisting Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease prolonging life and promoting health through the organised efforts and informed choices of society organisations The federal government of the United States is the central United States Governmental body established by the United States Constitution. The Surgeon General's office and staff are known as the Office of the Surgeon General (OSG).
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Overview
The Surgeon General is nominated by the U.S. President and confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives The Surgeon General serves a four year term of office and is commissioned officer in the PHSCC holding the grade of a three-star vice admiral while in office. In the United States Navy, the United States Coast Guard, the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric [1] In carrying out all responsibilities, the Surgeon General reports to the Assistant Secretary for Health, who is the principal advisor to the Secretary of Health and Human Services on public health and scientific issues, and is the overall head of the United States Public Health Service (PHS). The United States Assistant Secretary for Health ( ASH) serves as the Secretary of Health and Human Services 's primary advisor on matters involving the nation's The United States Secretary of Health and Human Services is the head of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, concerned with health matters Health science is the applied science dealing with Health, and it includes many sub disciplines Organization of the Public Health Service The Public Health Service Act placed the United States Public Health Service ( PHS) as the primary division
The former Surgeon General, Vice Admiral Richard Carmona, appointed by President George W. Bush in 2002, left office when his term expired on July 31, 2006. Richard Henry Carmona, (born November George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. [2] Rear Admiral Steven K. Galson is functioning as the Acting Surgeon General. Rear Admiral Steven Kenneth Galson, MD MPH is the Acting Surgeon General of the United States and the operational commander of the United States Public Health Service [3]
The Surgeon General functions under the direction of the Assistant Secretary for Health and operationally heads the 6,000-member Commissioned Corps of the USPHS, a cadre of health professionals who are on call 24 hours a day, and can be dispatched by the Secretary of HHS or the Assistant Secretary for Health in the event of a public health emergency. A health care provider or health professional is an organization or person who delivers proper Health care in a systematic way professionally to any individual in A medical emergency is an Injury or Illness that is acute and poses an immediate risk to a person's life or long term health The Surgeon General is also the ultimate award authority for several public health awards and decorations, the highest of which that can be directly awarded is the Surgeon General's Medal (the highest award bestowed by board action is the Distinguished Service Medal). The Surgeon General’s Medallion is the third highest award of the Public Health Service and the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps. The Distinguished Service Medal is the highest non-valorous military and civilian decoration of the United States of America military which is issued for exceptionally meritorious
The Surgeon General also has many informal duties, such as educating the American public about health issues and advocating healthy lifestyle choices. Health is a state of complete physical mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity The term lifestyle was originally coined by Austrian psychologist Alfred Adler in 1929
The office also periodically issues health warnings. Perhaps the best known example of this is the Surgeon General's Warning labels that can be found on all packages of American cigarettes. Tobacco packaging warning messages are Health warning messages that appear on the packaging of Cigarettes and other Tobacco products A cigarette ( French "small Cigar " from cigar + -ette) is a product consumed through Smoking and manufactured A health warning also appears on alcoholic beverages. The Alcoholic Beverage Labeling Act (or ABLA) is a United States federal law enacted in 1988
Past American Surgeons General have often been characterized by their outspoken personalities and often controversial proposals on how to reform the U.S. health system. Health care in the United States is provided by many separate legal entities Because the office is not a particularly powerful one, and has little direct impact on policy-making, Surgeons General are often vocal advocates of unconventional, unusual, or even unpopular health policies. Vice Admiral C. Everett Koop and Vice Admiral Joycelyn Elders were two former Surgeons General who were well known for their controversial ideas, especially on sex education. Vice Admiral Charles Everett Koop (born October 14 1916) is an American Physician who gained recognition as a pediatric surgeon at the Children's Minnie Joycelyn Elders (born August 13, 1933) was the 15th Surgeon General of the United States and a former vice admiral in Sex education is a broad term used to describe Education about human sexual anatomy, Sexual reproduction, Sexual intercourse, Reproductive
The U. S. Public Health Service was under the direction of the Office of the Surgeon General and was an independent government agency until 1953 at which point it was integrated into the United States Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, and later into the United States Department of Health and Human Services. Independent agencies of the United States government are those that exist outside of the departments of the Executive branch. The United States Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS) is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting Although the U. S. Public Health Service and the Surgeon General were at various times under the umbrella of the Department of the Treasury or the Federal Security Agency, the agency operated with a substantial amount of independence. The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department and the Treasury of the United States government. The Federal Security Agency (FSA was an independent agency of the United States government established in 1939 pursuant to the "Reorganization Act of 1939"
The U. S. Army, Navy, and Air Force also have officers overseeing medical matters in their respective services who hold the title Surgeon General. The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities.
Service rank
The Surgeon General is a commissioned officer in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, one of the seven uniformed services of the United States, and by law holds the rank of Vice Admiral [1]. The United States has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10, and subsequently structured and organized Vice Admiral is a naval rank equivalent to Lieutenant General in seniority Officers of the PHSCC and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps (NOAA Corps) are classified as non-combatants, but can be subjected to the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ) and the Geneva Conventions when designated by the Commander-in-Chief as a military force. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps ( NOAA Corps) is the uniformed service of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration The Uniform Code of Military Justice ( UCMJ,,) is the foundation of Military law in the United States. The Geneva Conventions consist of four Treaties formulated in Geneva, Switzerland, that set the standards for International law for humanitarian A commander-in-chief is the Commander of a nation's Military forces or significant element of those forces A military is an Organization authorized by its Nation to use force usually including use of Weapons in defending its Country (or by attacking Officer members of these services wear uniforms that are similar to those worn by the U. A uniform is a set of standard Clothing worn by members of an organization while participating in that organization's activity S. Navy, except that the commissioning devices, buttons, and insignia are unique. Officers in PHS and NOAA wear unique devices which are similar to U. S. Navy Staffing Corps Officers (e. g. , Medical Services Corps, Supply Corps, etc). The Medical Service Corps is a staff corps of the United States Navy, consisting of officers engaged in medical support duties The Supply Corps of the United States Navy traces its beginnings to February 23 1795 when the nation's first Purveyor of Public Supplies Tench Francis Jr
Surgeons General of the United States
References
- ^ a b Public Health, Commissioned Corps Uniforms and Ranks. For the New York State Attorney General see John Woodworth (lawyer John Maynard Woodworth (1837&ndash1879 was a U Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King Year 1871 ( MDCCCLXXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1489 - The Queen of Cyprus, Catherine Cornaro, sells her kingdom to Venice. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ulysses S Grant, born Hiram Ulysses Grant (April 27 1822 &ndash July 23 1885 was an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States John B Hamilton (1847 &ndash 1898 was the US Surgeon General from 1879 to 1891 Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. Year 1879 ( MDCCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4 1822 January 17 1893 was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the nineteenth Walter Wyman ( August 17, 1848 - November 21, 1911) was the Surgeon General of the United States for twenty years from 1891 Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1911 ( MCMXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Benjamin Harrison (August 20 1833 &ndash March 13 1901 was the twenty-third President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893 Rupert Blue (1868-1948 was Surgeon General of the United States from 1912 to 1920 Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Year 1912 ( MCMXII) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year starting Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar William Howard Taft (September 15 1857 – March 8 1930 was an American politician, the twenty-seventh President of the United States, the tenth Chief Justice Hugh Smith Cumming (1868-1948 was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1920 to 1936 Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2 1865 August 2 1923 was the twenty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1921 until his death from a heart attack aged John Calvin Coolidge Jr (July 4 1872 January 5 1933 was the thirtieth President of the United States (1923–1929 Thomas Parran ( September 28, 1892 – February 16, 1968) was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1936 to 1948 Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1936 ( MCMXXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Leonard Andrew Scheele ( July 25, 1907 &ndash January 8, 1993) was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1948 to 1956 Events 46 BC - Julius Caesar defeats Caecilius Metellus Scipio and Marcus Porcius Cato in the Battle of Thapsus Year 1948 ( MCMXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1220 - Sweden is defeated by Estonian tribes in the Battle of Lihula. Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Leroy Edgar Burney (1906-1998 was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1956 to 1961 Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Luther Leonidas Terry ( September 15, 1911 – March 29 1985) was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1961 to 1965 Events 986 - Louis V becomes King of the Franks. 1127 - Assassination of Charles the Good Year 1961 ( MCMLXI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of William H Stewart ( May 19 1921 &ndash April 23 2008) was an American pediatrician and epidemiologist Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1965 ( MCMLXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Jesse Leonard Steinfeld (born January 26, 1927) was the Surgeon General of the United States from 1969 to 1973 Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 1969 ( MCMLXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Paul Ehrlich Jr (born 1932 served as the Acting Surgeon General of the United States from 1973 to 1977 "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1973 ( MCMLXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar of the 1973 Gregorian calendar. Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Julius Benjamin Richmond, ( September 26, 1916 &ndash July 27, 2008) served as the United States Surgeon General and the Events 1174 - William I of Scotland, a key rebel in the Revolt of 1173-1174, is captured at Alnwick by forces loyal to Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 Edward Brandt Jr ( July 3, 1933 &ndash August 25, 2007) was the United States Assistant Secretary for Health from 1981 to 1984 Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the Year 1981 ( MCMLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link displays the 1981 Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Vice Admiral Charles Everett Koop (born October 14 1916) is an American Physician who gained recognition as a pediatric surgeon at the Children's Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade. Year 1982 ( MCMLXXXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar) Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) James Ostermann Mason (born June 19, 1930) was the United States Assistant Secretary for Health (ASH from 1989 to 1993 and the Acting Surgeon General Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12 1924 served as the forty-first President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 Antonia Coello Novello (born Antonia Events 590 - Bahram Chobin is crowned as king Barham VI of Persia. Year 1990 ( MCMXC) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar) Events 350 - Roman usurper Nepotianus, of the Constantinian dynasty, is defeated and killed by troops of the Usurper Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Robert A Whitney was the Acting Surgeon General of the United States from July 1, 1993 -September 1993 "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States Minnie Joycelyn Elders (born August 13, 1933) was the 15th Surgeon General of the United States and a former vice admiral in Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1993 ( MCMXCIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar) Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1994 ( MCMXCIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1994 Gregorian calendar) Audrey Forbes Manley (b New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 "July 1st" redirects here For the Ayumi Hamasaki song see H (song. Year 1997 ( MCMXCVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1997 Gregorian calendar David Satcher, MD, PhD (born March 2, 1941) was the 10th Assistant Secretary for Health from 1998 to 2001 and the 16th Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Rear Admiral Kenneth P Moritsugu Events 1258 - Baghdad falls to the Mongols, and the Abbasid Caliphate is destroyed See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 70 - The Destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem by the Romans. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. George Walker Bush ( born July 6 1946 is the forty-third and current President of the United States. Richard Henry Carmona, (born November Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 30 BC - Battle of Alexandria: Mark Antony achieves a minor victory over Octavian 's forces but most of his army subsequently Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Rear Admiral Kenneth P Moritsugu Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Rear Admiral Steven Kenneth Galson, MD MPH is the Acting Surgeon General of the United States and the operational commander of the United States Public Health Service Events 331 BC - Alexander the Great defeats Darius III of Persia in the Battle of Gaugamela. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Yahoo! News, retrieved 08-01-2006. Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman
- ^ Office of the Surgeon General Home Page.
External links
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