There are two verses named Surah of Wilaya and Nurayn that are claimed to be included in the Qur'an. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran A Mus'haf ( مصحف, pronounced "Mus-haf" not "Mu-sh-af" is a "codex" or a collection of sheets ( Sahifa, see below Sura (sometimes spelt "Surah" ar سورة, plural "Suwar" ar سور is an Arabic term literally meaning "something enclosed or surrounded Ayah (ar آية, plural Ayat ar آيات) is the Arabic word for sign or Miracle, cognate with Hebrew ot, Qur'an reading is the reading ( Tarteel, Tajwid, or taghbir) aloud reciting, or Chanting of portions of the Tajwīd ( تجويد) is an Arabic word meaning proper pronunciation during Recitation, as well as recitation at a moderate speed Tarteel ( Arabic: ترتيل) is an Arabic term that is wide in meaning but is commonly translated in reference to the Qur'an as "recitation Hafith or Hafiz ( Arabic: حافظ قرآن or حافظ plural huffaz) literally meaning 'guardian' is a term used by Muslims in modern Manzil ( Arabic: منزل; plural manazil, منازل) is the Arabic word for one of seven parts of roughly equal length into which Qari' (قَارٍئplural qurra') literally meaning "reader" is a person who recites the Qur'an with the proper rules of recitation ( Tajweed A juz' (جزء plural اجزاء ajza') literally means "part Rasm (رسم is an Arabic term that signifies "sketch pattern mark design form" Translations of the Qur'an are interpretations of the holy book of Islam in languages other than Arabic. This is a sub-article to Translation of the Qur'an. By first printing date 600s Salman the Persian The study of the origins and development of the Qur’an can be said to fall into two major schools of thought the first being a Traditionalist Muslim view and The Meccan suras are the chronologically earlier Suras of the Qur'an that were revealed at Mecca. The Medinan suras of the Qur'an are those Suras which were revealed at Medina, after Muhammad 's hijra from Mecca, when the Tafsir ( Arabic: تفسير, tafsīr, "interpretation" is the Arabic word for Exegesis Some of the Qur'anic verses are said to be revealed pertaining to some specific person Islamic Justice, truth-telling various virtues and sins the prohibition of Perjury in the Qur'an are repeated many times Justice Asbāb al-nuzūl اسباب النزول, an Arabic term meaning "occasions/circumstances of revelation" is a secondary genre of Qur'ānic Exegesis Naskh (نسخ is an Arabic language word usually translated as " abrogation " it shares the same root as the words appearing The Qur'an, the central religious text of Islam, contains references to over fifty people also found in the Bible, typically in the same or similar Tahrif ( Arabic: ar تحريف "corruption forgery" the stem-II verbal noun of the consonantal root, "to make oblique" Bakkah (بكة is a place mentioned in Surah 396 of the Qur'an. Muqatta`at (Arabic ar مقطعات,are unique letter combinations that begin certain chapters of the Quran. An esoteric interpretation of the Qur'an is an Interpretation of the Qur’an which includes attribution of Esoteric or mystic meanings to the Qur'an and Sunnah is an often quoted Islamic term regarding the sources of Islam Qur'anic literalism is the belief that the verses of the Qur'an should be taken at their apparent meaning rather than employing any sort of interpretation Muslims consider the Qur'an, the holy book of Islam, as the word of God and a Miracle. The relation between Qur'an and science is a strong relation in the Islamic thought This article is about female figures that appear in the Qur'an This is a sub-article to Shī‘a Islam and the Qur'an The Shī‘a view of the Qur'an has some differences from the Sunni view but it must Muslims believe that the Qur'an is the literal word of God as recited to Muhammad through the angel Gabriel. Qur'an desecration is defined as insulting the Qur'an, by defiling or defacing it Satanic Verses is an expression coined by the historian Sir William Muir in reference to a few verses delivered by Muhammad as part of the Qur'an Tanzil and Inzal, or "to send down" ( Arabic تنزيل refers to the act of descent of the pre-existing Qur'an through different Realms The "Qisas Al-Anbiya" (قصص الأنبياء or Stories of the Prophets refers to various collections of tales adapted from the Quran. Beit Al Qur'an (بيت القرآن means House of Qur'an in Arabic. The Qur’an ( القرآن, literally "the recitation" also sometimes transliterated as Qur’ān, Koran, Alcoran The fabrication of these verses has been considered by most scholars to be one of too many attempts by Sunnis to discredit Shi'a Muslims.

Etymology

Surat al-nurayn (or al-nurain or al-nuray) (Arabic: سورة النورين ), meaning "the chapter of the light/radiant"

Surat al-wilaya (Arabic: سورة الولاية ), meaning "the chapter of mastership"

Controversy

Neither Shi'a nor Sunni Muslim believe those surahs are included in the Qur'an, but some have claimed that the Shi'a do indeed believe those surahs to be an authentic part of the Qur'an and include them therein (in what has been dubbed the Shi'a Quran). Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Wali (Arabic ولي, plural Awliya ' أولياء) is an Arabic word meaning trusted one or friend generally denoting Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language However, many Shi'a dismiss this as unfounded accusations aimed at accusing Shi'as of believing in the corruption of the Qur'an. No copy of the Quran exists with the addition of these two surahs and there is no mention of them found in any of the earliest codices of the Quran and Hadith. A codex ( Latin for block of wood, Book; plural codices) is a book in the format used for modern books with separate pages normally Hadith ( ar الحديث, pl aḥadīth; lit. "narrative" are oral Traditions relating to the words and deeds of the Islamic The author of text on the other hand is said to be have been a Parsi according to some academics. ^[1] On the other hand, M. Momen states that:

With regards to the question of the text of the Qur'an, it has already been noted that the early Shi'is believed that the Qur'an has been altered and parts of it has been suppressed. The Nawbakhtis are said to have adhered to this view although it went against their usual position of agreeing with Mu'tazili thought. The compiler of the earliest, authoritative collection of Twelver Traditions, al-Kulyani, seems to have given some substance to this view in several of the Traditions that he relates. Ibn Babuya, however, takes the position that the text of the Qur'an is complete and unaltered. Al-Mufid appears to have wavered somewhat on this point during his lifetime. He seems to have accepted the fact that parts of the Qur'an had been excised by the enemies of the Imams in some of his early writings, although he refused even then to state that anything had been added. In his later writings, however, al-Mufid had reinterpreted the concept of omissions from the text of the Qur'an to mean that the text of the Qur'an is complete (although he does allow that the order needs to be changed) but that what has been omitted is the authoritative interpretation of the text by `Ali. In this manner, al-Mufid and most subsequent Shi'i writers were able to fall into line with the rest of the Islamic world in accepting the text of the Qur'an as contained in the recension of `Uthman. ^[2]

Western Academics such as von Grunebaum view the text as a clear forgery, although many of them haven't subscribed to the idea that the text was indeed a forgery made by a Zoroastrian and not a Shia. Zoroastrianism (ˌzɔroʊˈæstriəˌnɪzəm is the religion and philosophy based on the teachings ^[3]

These surahs have also been used in argument against Muslims by Christian apologetics to prove that the Qur'an has been altered, although many such apologetics have switched their stance from "this proves the Quran was altered" to "this proves that others can bring verses similar to the Quran. "^[4] St. Clare Tisdal writes on the matter though, essentially saying that both of these claims are erroneous:

"The reader (of the original Arabic especially) is irresistibly led to the conclusion that the whole of these additions, - with the possible exception of Sura al-Nurain, - are forgeries. The style is imitated from the Koran, but not always very successfully. There are some grammatical errors, unless these are due to the transcriber. Occasionally the meaning which the context shews to be that in which a word is used is later than the time to which the Koran belongs. The verses are largely, however, centos of Koranic passages taken from their context. The amount of repetition shews the writer's determination to prove what he wished to prove at all costs. "

These are the qoutations of some of the most authentic Shi'a scholars: Shaikh Saduq:

"Our belief is that the Qur’an is what is between the two covers and it is what is in people’s hands, nothing more. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Al-Shaykh al-Saduq is the title given to Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn 'Ali ibn Babawaih al-Qummi Whosoever attributes to us that we say rather than this is a liar^[5]. "

Sayyed Murtaza:

"The knowledge of authentic transmission of the Qur’an is like the knowledge of great countries and events, prominent accidents, famous books and written Arabic poetry for care is intensified and causes are available to properly transmit and guard it, and it reached such an extent that nothing else has ever reached. The Qur’an was, during the lifetime of Allah’s Messenger (peace be upon him), compiled and arranged until the Prophet (peace be upon him) assigned a group of Companions (Sahaba) to memorize it. It was displayed and recited before the Prophet (peace be upon him) and some Companions as Abdullah Ibn Mas’ood and Ubai Ibn Ka’b recited the whole Qur’an many times before the Prophet (peace be upon him). All this indicates that it was compiled and arranged, neither amputated nor scattered ……. Who disagreed among the Imamiyyah and Al-Hashawiyyah (two Shi’ite sects) are not to be considered for disagreement is attributed to some traditionists who related weak reports whom they believed to be true. See also Shi'a Islam Twelver Shi'ism ( ar اثنا عشرية Ithnāˤashariyyah) is the largest branch of Shi'a branch of Islam However, such reports cannot refute what is already known and agreed upon its authenticity^[6].

Shaikh Tusi or Sheikh-ut-Ta’fa (i. TemplateInfobox Muslim scholars --> Shaykh Tusi ( شیخ طوسی) full name Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan e. , Authority of the Sect):

"Talking about it being increased or decreased is unacceptable because increasing is agreed upon its falsehood. As for decreasing, different Muslim sects are apparently against it and this matches the authentic belief of our sect and was affirmed by Al-Murtada (may Allah be pleased with him). This is explicit in various reports, however, some reports were related about decreasing parts of it and moving parts from place to place, but they are loner reports and do not indicate decisive knowledge. So, it prior to ignore them and quit being preoccupied with them because they cannot be interpreted. Even if they were authentic, it would not be against what is between the two covers for its authenticity is well known and none among the Ummah objects to or rejects it. Our reports agree upon reading it, holding by it and displaying any disagreement in branches before it, whatever agrees with it is accepted and whatever disagrees is rejected. An irrefutable tradition is reported on authority of the Prophet (peace be upon him) that he says: “I’m leaving in you the two weights (Ath-Thuqlain) by whom if you hold by, you will never be lost: Allah’s Book and my family, the inhabitants of my house. They will never separate till they join me in the Hawd”. This indicates that it is present every time because he cannot command us to hold by it if it is corrupted^[7]"

However, all the Qur'ans published in all the Shi'a countries such as Iran are the same as those published in Sunni countries. Shi’ites recite the Qur’an according to the Qira’t of Hafs on authority of ‘Asim which is the prevalent Qira’t in the Islamic world. ^[8]

More on both the Islamic (Shia and Sunni) as well as non-Islamic academic perspectives: M S M Saifullah, "Surah al-Walayah & Surah al-Nurayn: Their Authenticity & Literary Style" Islamic-Awareness.org

References

1. ^ "Dabestan-E-Madaheb", Encyclopaedia Iranica, 1993, op. cit. , pp. 533-534; Also see M. M. Marcinkowski, "Some Reflections On Alleged Twelver Shi'ite Attitude Towards The Integrity Of The Qur'an", The Muslim World, 2001, Volume 91, p. 142.
2. ^ M. Momen, An Introduction To Shi'i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi'ism, 1985, George Ronald: Oxford, p. 173
3. ^ "Note For The Study Of A Shi'i Qur'an", Journal of Semitic Studies, 1991, p. 282
4. ^ Is the Qur'an Miraculous?
5. ^ Is the Qur’an Corrupted? Sheikh As-Sadouq, "Al-I'tiqadat", Volume 1, page 57.
6. ^ At-Tabarasi, "Majma'-ul-Bayan", Volume 1, page 15
7. ^ "Tafsir-us-Safi", Volume 1, page 55
8. ^ [http://www.geocities.com/noorullahwebsite/shiites.html Is the Qur’an Corrupted? Shi’ites’ View]. An adaptation of: Dr. Muhammad Habash, "Al-Qira'at Al-Mutawatirah". Published March, 30th, 2003.

See also

• Tahrif
• Misconceptions about the Shi'a
• Shiaism

External links

• Is the Qur’an Corrupted?Shi’ites’ View