An example of an arm flexed in a supinated position with the biceps fully contracted.

Supination is the rotation of either the forearm or foot. The forearm is the structure on the Upper limb, between the elbow and the Wrist. Supination in the forearm occurs when the palm faces anteriorly, or faces up (when the arms are unbent and at the sides). Supination in the foot occurs when a person appears "bow-legged" with their weight supported primarily on the anterior of their feet^[1].

The hand is supine (facing anteriorly) in the anatomical position. In fields of Anatomy, anatomical terms of location are descriptive terms to help identify relative positions or directions within a species This action is performed by the Biceps brachii and the Supinator muscle. In Human anatomy, the biceps brachii is a Muscle located on the upper Arm. The supinator is a broad muscle curved around the upper third of the radius.

Supination is the opposite of pronation. In Anatomy, pronation is a rotational movement of the forearm (at the radioulnar joint or foot (at the subtalar and talocalcaneonavicular joints

History

Originally, supination of the forearm was attributed as a function of the brachioradialis muscle. Brachioradialis is a Muscle of the Forearm that acts to flex the forearm at the Elbow. However, the original idea of the biceps acting as a supinator was something hypothesised by Leonardo da Vinci, in a series of annotated drawings made between 1505 and 1510 (referred to as his Milanese period); in which the principle of the biceps as a supinator, as well as its role as a flexor to the elbow was devised. Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci ( April 15 1452 – May 2 1519 was an Italian Polymath, having been a scientist Mathematician, Engineer However, this function remained undiscovered by the medical community as Da Vinci was not regarded as a teacher of anatomy, nor were his results publicly released.

It was not until 1713, that this movement was re-discovered by William Cheselden, and subsequently recorded for the medical community, being rewritten several times by different authors wishing to present information to different audiences. Year 1713 ( MDCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a William Cheselden ( October 19, 1688 &ndash April 10, 1752) was an English surgeon and teacher of Anatomy and Nevertheless, the most notable recent expansion upon Cheselden's recordings was achieved by Guillaume Duchenne in 1867 in a journal named Physiology of Motion, something which to this day is one of the major references on supination action of the biceps brachii. Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne (born September 17, 1806 in Boulogne; died September 15, 1875) was a French Neurologist Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting

References

See also

• Proximal radioulnar articulation

External links

• Anatomy at Dartmouth elbow/surface/surface6
• Supination at eMedicine Dictionary
• MeSH Supination