Doctor's Associates, Inc.
Type	Private
Founded	Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA (1965)
Founder	Fred De Luca and Dr. Peter Buck
Headquarters	Milford, Connecticut, USA
Key people	Fred De Luca (President) Millie Shinn (EVP) David Worroll (Controller)
Industry	Fast Food
Products	Sandwiches Salads Pizzas Other food products
Revenue	▲ $9. The term privately held company refers to ownership of a business company in two different ways first referring to ownership by non-governmental organizations and second Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the An entrepreneur is a person who has possession over a company enterprise, or Venture, and assumes significant accountability for the inherent risks and the outcome Fred DeLuca (born 1948 in New York City) is the co-founder of the Subway franchise of sandwich restaurants Peter Buck is a physicist restaurateur and philanthropist He co-founded the Subway Fastfood Restaurant chain Milford is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Fred DeLuca (born 1948 in New York City) is the co-founder of the Subway franchise of sandwich restaurants For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly In Marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a Market that might satisfy a want or need A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of Pizza (ˈpiːtsə, in Italian:) is a popular dish made with an Oven -baked flat generally round Bread that is covered with tomatoes or a tomato-based In business revenue or revenues is Income that a company receives from its normal business activities usually from the sale of goods and services 05 billion USD (2006)
Employees	167,823 (2003)
Website	Subway.com

Subway is a franchise fast food restaurant that primarily sells sandwiches and salads. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. A fast food restaurant, sometimes known as a quick service restaurant or QSR, is a specific type of Restaurant characterized both by its Fast food A sandwich is a food item made of two or more slices of Bread with one or more layers of a filling Salad is a mixture of cold foods usually including vegetables and/or fruits often with a dressing occasionally nuts or Croutons, and sometimes with the addition of It is owned by Doctor's Associates, Inc. (DAI), and has over 29,045 franchised units in 86 countries as of March 2008 and is the fastest growing franchise in the world. ^[1] Currently, Subway is the third largest fast food chain globally after Yum! Brands (34,000 locations) and McDonald's (31,000 locations). Fast food is the term given to food that can be prepared and served very quickly Chain stores are Retail outlets that share a Brand and central management and usually have standardized business methods and practices Yum! Brands Inc ( or Yum! is a Fortune 500 Corporation, that operates or licenses Taco Bell, KFC, Pizza Hut, and ^[1][2][3]

Subway's main operations office is in Milford, Connecticut, and five regional centers support Subway's growing international operations. Milford is a city in New Haven County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The regional offices for the European stores is located in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Australia and New Zealand, is supported from Brisbane, Australia, the Middle Eastern locations are supported from offices located in Beirut, Lebanon, the Asian locations from Singapore, and the Latin America support center is in Miami, Florida. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Brisbane ( is the state capital of Queensland. Brisbane is the third most populous city in Australia and the most populous city of Queensland Beirut (بيروت Bayrūt) is the Capital and Largest city of Lebanon with a population of over 2 Singapore In the UK and Ireland the company hopes to expand to 2,010 restaurants by the year 2010. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. For the film see 2010 The Year We Make Contact. For the book see 2010 Odyssey Two. ^[4]

Many restaurant analysts attribute Subway's fast growth to the growing concern on health by restaurant customers, a trend that Subway has taken advantage of in its marketing. In 1999, an Indiana University student named Jared Fogle lost 245 pounds (110 kg) with a diet made up mostly of Subway sandwiches combined with exercise. Indiana University is the flagship campus of the Indiana University system. Jared S Fogle also known as The Subway Guy, is a Spokesman employed by Subway Restaurants in its Advertising campaigns He is known for his The Subway diet involves replacing two meals each day with subs from the Subway restaurant chain The story is used by Subway as a large part of their marketing campaign to this day. Jared has emerged as a spokesman for Subway, furthering their image as a health-conscious restaurant chain.

Doctor's Associates

Doctor's Associates was founded by Fred De Luca and Peter Buck, Ph.D. in 1965,^[5] with the sole purpose of overseeing the Subway chain of restaurants. Fred DeLuca (born 1948 in New York City) is the co-founder of the Subway franchise of sandwich restaurants Peter Buck is a physicist restaurateur and philanthropist He co-founded the Subway Fastfood Restaurant chain "PhD" redirects here for other uses see PhD (disambiguation. Buck was a scientist with a doctoral degree, and Fred DeLuca had aspirations of becoming a medical doctor, hence their choice of the name "Doctor's Associates. " The company has nothing to do with any medical organization^[6].

History

Original Subway logo.

Fred De Luca borrowed $1,000 from family friend Peter Buck to start his first sandwich shop in 1965, when he was only 17 years old. He was trying to raise money to pay for college. He chose a mediocre location for his shop, but by noon on the first day of the opening, customers were pouring in. On the radio advertisement they had promoted the name as "Pete's Submarines", which sounded like Pizza Marines, so they changed the name to "Pete's Subway"; eventually it was shortened to "Subway. ", as it is known to this day. As of June 2nd, 2008, the company has 29,355 franchised locations in 86 countries and produces US$ 9. 05 billion sales every year. In 2007, Forbes magazine named DeLuca number 242 of the 400 richest Americans with a net worth of 1. For the film entitled Net Worth see Net Worth (film. In business net worth (sometimes called net assets) is the total Assets 5 billion dollars.

In addition to traditional restaurants, Subway operates in many non-traditional locations. For instance, there are over 900 Subway locations inside of Wal-Mart stores and 200 on military bases, including several in Iraq, in addition to three located inside The Pentagon - as well as an increasing number on college and university campuses. Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. The Pentagon is the Headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects

There is at least one adults-only Subway, located at Foxwoods Resort & Casino. Foxwoods Resort Casino is a Hotel - Casino in Ledyard, Connecticut. It is accessible only after entering a gaming area which is restricted to guests 21 and over, but it also has a drive-thru.

Subway restaurants has been consistently ranked in Entrepreneur Magazine's Top 500 Franchises, and was selected as the #1 overall franchise in 2008. Entrepreneur Magazine is a publication that carries news stories about entrepreneurialism small business management and business opportunities. Additionally, it was ranked as the #1 "Fastest Growing Franchise", and the #1 "Global Franchise" as well. ^[7][8][9]

Products

In 2000, Subway added seasoned breads and a line of specialty items to its menu. In 2003, most Subway markets switched their beverage contracts to supply Coca-Cola products exclusively, having previously had an exclusive contract with PepsiCo. The Coca-Cola Company ( is the world's largest beverage company largest manufacturer distributor and marketer of non-alcoholic beverage concentrates and Syrups in the world PepsiCo Incorporated (Short for Pepsi Company ( is a large conglomerate with interests in manufacturing marketing and selling a wide variety of carbonated and non- carbonated In order to ink this deal, Coca-Cola helped pay for the initial rollout of toaster ovens to all existing restaurants in North America. Subway gave customers the option to have their sandwiches toasted in response to increased competition from rival sandwich chain Quiznos Sub, which popularized toasted sandwiches. Toast is sliced Bread which has been browned by exposure to dry Heat ("toasted" Competition is a rivalry between individuals groups nations or animals for territory or resources Quiznos is a fast-food restaurant franchise. As of 2005 it was the second-largest Submarine sandwich shop chain in North America after Subway A sandwich toaster is an Electrical appliance used to Toast Sandwiches Ordinary kitchen units generally consist of indented hot plates clamped together In Australia, the introduction of Fresh Toasting enabled the Subway Franchise to prevent Quiznos from gaining market share. The Turbochef and Merrychef toaster ovens are a microwave and convection oven hybrid. A microwave oven, or a microwave, is a Kitchen appliance that cooks or heats Food by Dielectric heating. Convection ovens or fan ovens or turbo ovens augment a traditional Oven by circulating heated air using a fan.

Subway menus vary by store, by country and by market. These are considered COP (country optional program), SOP (store optional program), MOP (market only program) — in Muslim countries omitting ham and other pork cold cuts — but retain core items which are included at every store. The main food sold by the store is Submarine sandwiches, sold in "Six-inch", "Footlong", and the new four inch "MiniSub" sizes. A submarine sandwich or sub is any of various North American Sandwiches made on a long roll (usually up to 12" long by 3 " wide or Baguette All Subway stores offer customers lettuce, tomato, onions, bell peppers, cucumbers, olives, jalapeños and pickles, as well as market selected options such as carrot, corn, radish and avocado. Like other fast-food restaurants they offer limited time offers or LTO from time to time. In addition to their standard menu, Subway also offers catering for all types of occasions. They offer "Giant Subs", which are a minimum of three feet long, and also offer a sandwich platter. These giant sandwiches can be ordered in bulk and to nearly any specification, something which Subway has promoted as a part of their campaign to tailor every sandwich to the individual customer's taste.

In 2006, the first kosher Subway restaurant in the United States opened in a suburb of Cleveland, Ohio. Cleveland is a City in the US state of Ohio and the County seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state Ohio ( is a Midwestern state of the United States. As part of the Great Lakes region, Ohio has long been a cultural and geographical crossroads Fogle, who is Jewish, was in attendance at the opening. Jared S Fogle also known as The Subway Guy, is a Spokesman employed by Subway Restaurants in its Advertising campaigns He is known for his PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ "With slight modifications, such as no pork-based products, and the use of soy-based cheese, the menu is virtually identical to that of any other Subway restaurant. " ^[10]. Since then, kosher Subways have opened in New York, Los Angeles, Kansas City, and Baltimore^[11] and plans have been announced for Milwaukee, Boston, and one inside the JCC in West Bloomfield, Michigan, a suburb of Detroit. New York ( is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions of the United States and is the nation's third most populous Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Kansas City Missouri only Items for the metro area Kansas City Kansas or North Kansas City MO should go on their respective pages West Bloomfield Township is a Charter township and suburb of Detroit in Oakland County in the U ^[12] Some of these locations serve soy cheese, but most don't serve any form of cheese at all.

All Subway restaurants in Muslim countries serve a halal menu. Halal (حلال ḥalāl, halaal) is an Arabic term meaning permissible. There are also at least two Subway restaurants in the United States that do the same, and a growing number in the United Kingdom. The success of these stores has been mixed, but has resulted in plans to open more in certain areas. ^[13]

Subway also offers items other than sandwiches; breakfast items include such baked goods as bagels, egg & sausage sandwiches, and as of July and August 2006, "personal pizzas" are available in select markets to their menu. The personal pizzas are made upon order (as with their sandwiches) and heated "in less than 90 seconds" (cooking for 85 seconds) as advertised on televised commercials. Breakfast and pizza items are only available in some stores.

In 2008, Subway began to offer Five Dollar ($5) Foot-long submarine sandwiches as a limited time only promotion. The fanatical response however, prompted Subway to make A Five Dollar ($5) Foot-long Everyday Value Menu that includes 8 footlong sandwiches; Spicy Italian, Cold Cut Combo, Tuna, BLT, Black Forest Ham, Meatball, Veggie Delite, & Oven Roasted Chicken as a permanent menu item.

Advertising

Subway uses the advertising slogan "Eat Fresh" to explain how every sandwich is made on freshly baked bread, using fresh ingredients, in front of the customer to their exact specification, by employees who Subway terms "Subway Sandwich Artists".

Beginning in November 2007, Subway's US commercials feature the Peter Griffin character from Family Guy in which he extols the virtues of its new Subway Feast sandwich. Peter Griffin is a Fictional character and the Protagonist of the animated television series Family Guy is an animated American television sitcom created by Seth MacFarlane that airs on Fox and regularly on other ^[14] Subway has also used instant win competitions based on the game Scrabble as promotional tools. The verb "to scrabble" also means to scratch scramble or scrape about see Wiktionaryscrabble.

Sub Club

Sub Club Cards and Sub Club stamps

For many years, Subway restaurants offered a customer rewards program called the "Sub Club". Customers would receive special stamps with the purchase of a sandwich, earning one stamp for a six-inch sandwich and two for a foot-long; small cards called "Sub Club Cards" were also provided for customers to paste the stamps onto and keep them collected in an orderly fashion. Originally, stamps were redeemable for a free standard sandwich (charges for extras such as double meat or extra cheese still applied) with no other purchase required—twelve stamps for a free six-inch, and twenty-four stamps for a free foot-long. A Sub Club for kids was also established, with one stamp earned for every children's Value Meal purchased, ultimately earning a free children's meal for eight stamps. Later, the regular Sub Club was altered to eight stamps earning a free six-inch, and sixteen stamps for a free foot-long, with the added condition that a 21 ounce or larger drink must be purchased to redeem the stamps.

In early June 2005, Subway announced that the popular customer rewards program would be phased out due to counterfeiting. Another reason, which was not stated by the company, for the discontinuation of the program was that there was a large amount of internal theft of stamps by Subway employees and affiliates, including the sale of rolls of the stamps online at places such as eBay. eBay Inc is an American Internet company that manages eBaycom an Online auction and shopping Website in which people and businesses buy and Officially the Sub Club program has been discontinued in the US and Canada by Doctor's Associates^[15], but additional markets have also made local decisions to discontinue the program. Currently the Sub Club program is still in use in some countries and territories such as Poland, El Salvador, Finland, Germany, Guatemala, Mainland China(Some stores), Taiwan and Brazil. Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Mainland China, Continental China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term synonymous with the area that is under the jurisdiction Taiwan ( Taiwanese: Tâi-oân/Tāi-oân (historically 大灣/台員/大員/台圓/大圓/台窩灣 is an Island in East Asia. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld In many stores, the Sub Club promotion is still advertised on the cash register marquee to this day with "Join the Sub Club"

Sponsorship

Subway is the corporate sponsor for two NASCAR Sprint Cup series stock car races: the Subway Fresh Fit 500, held at Phoenix International Raceway; and the Subway 500, held at Martinsville Speedway. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Stock car racing is a form of Automobile racing found mainly in the United States, Canada, New Zealand and Great Britain The Subway Fresh Fit 500 is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held annually at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale Arizona Phoenix International Raceway, or just PIR, is a one mile Tri-oval race track located in Avondale Arizona. The Tums QuikPak 500 is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held at the Martinsville Speedway in Martinsville, Virginia Martinsville Speedway is an International Speedway Corporation -owned NASCAR stock car racing track located in Ridgeway Virginia. In addition, Subway has been the primary sponsor of the NASCAR Sprint Cup number 16 car, driven by Greg Biffle. The National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing ( NASCAR) is the largest sanctioning body of Stock cars in the United States. Gregory Jack Biffle (born December 23, 1969 in Vancouver Washington) is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series driver who drives the #16 3M Biffle has appeared in advertising for Subway along with his Crew Chief Doug Richert. In 2007, Tony Stewart has appeared with Jared Fogel in ads, and he has driven his #20 Home Depot Toyota with Subway primary sponsorship in the 2008 Subway Fresh Fit 500. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Anthony Wayne Stewart (born May 20, 1971 in Columbus Indiana) is an American race car driver/car owner/entrepreneur in NASCAR 's Jared S Fogle also known as The Subway Guy, is a Spokesman employed by Subway Restaurants in its Advertising campaigns He is known for his The Home Depot ( is an American Retailer of Home improvement and construction products and services (pronounced) is a Multinational corporation headquartered in Japan, and is currently the world's largest Automaker. The Subway Fresh Fit 500 is a NASCAR Sprint Cup Series stock car race held annually at Phoenix International Raceway in Avondale Arizona Previously, Subway had sponsored Jeff Purvis' #51 car in at least one race in 2001. Jeff Purvis (born February 19, 1959 in Clarksville Tennessee) is a former race car driver in NASCAR 's Nationwide Series. Year 51 was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Julian calendar. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. They also sponsor a pro-cycling team, and Gretna Football Club

Controversies

Criticism

The 2001 book Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser criticizes Subway's franchising policies. Gretna Football Club was a Scottish football club that represented the town of Gretna, Dumfries and Galloway that was founded in 1946 and dissolved Fast Food Nation The Dark Side of the All-American Meal (2001 is a book by Investigative journalist Eric Schlosser that examines the local and Eric Schlosser (born August 17, 1959) is an award-winning American journalist and Author known for investigative or Muckraking It claims that in the 1990s, Subway was involved in many legal disputes with franchisees, usually over encroachment (overly aggressive expansion, in which two restaurants are so close in location that they end up competing with one another).

The book blames the "Development Agents" who are given the task of growing the company regionally. They retain a percentage of the franchise fee for their local area, and so it is in their best interest to saturate markets with Subway restaurants in a region, despite the effect it will have on that region's Subway locations. Although this may lead to lower profits per Subway location, it leads to overall higher profits in the region, and therefore higher profits for the entire chain and the Development Agent.

On February 2, 2007 KNXV-TV with the help of the Arizona Department of Weights and Measures, reported that three Subway sandwiches, nominally each 3-foot (91 cm) long, were only 2 feet 8 inches (81 cm), 2 feet 8¼ inches (82 cm), and 2 feet 8½ inches (83 cm) long. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. KNXV-TV, channel 15 is the ABC television affiliate in Phoenix Arizona. The maximum variance in length allowed in that state is 3%, which on a 3-foot sub is 1. 08 inches (2. 7 cm). Upon further study, the report showed that the box designed to store Subway's 3-foot sandwiches were only 2 feet 10¾ inches (88 cm) in length; shorter than the maximum allowable variance. In response to the report, Subway stated that they are currently in the process of reevaluating their advertising, promotional, training and packaging materials with regard to the specific or implied length of Giant Subs and are taking steps to advise their franchisees to only discuss with customers the approximate number of expected servings and not a specific length of measurement. ^[16]

In January, 2008, Subway started an essay contest, which excluded home schooled children. Straight from the contest page:

ELIGIBILITY. Contest is open only to legal residents of the United States who are currently over the age of 18 and have children who attend elementary, private or parochial schools that serve grades PreK-6. No home schools will be accepted.

Controversy has started from this contest, and letters have been written by people in the home school community to both Subway and Scholastic Inc. (sponsor).

Franchise relations

In addition to its corporate positioning as a more health-conscious restaurant, much of Subway's rapid growth can be attributed to its uncommon business model. Unlike most franchisers, the parent company does not operate any restaurants. Franchising refers to the methods of practicing and using another person's Philosophy of business. Local franchisees operate the stores, and in most markets Subway enters into a contract with a franchisee to be its Development Agent for that market. The Development Agent is then responsible for developing new locations, evaluating stores on at least a monthly basis, and assisting franchisees with whatever needs they may have. DAI takes an 8% royalty on all net sales from each store, while between 3 and 5% (depending on market) of net sales go into a fund, the Subway Franchisee Advertising Fund Trust, also known as SFAFT which is operated by a board of directors voted on by Subway Franchisees. Contrary to other major franchisors, Subway's parent company does not make any contribution towards advertising the chain.

SFAFT is in legal battles with Subway over their excessive spending of advertising funds on things other than advertising.

Among lawyers, Subway has become well-known for its aggressiveness in enforcing the arbitration clauses in its franchise agreements. A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law as an attorney, Counsel or Solicitor; a person Arbitration, a form of Alternative dispute resolution (ADR is a legal technique for the resolution of Disputes outside the Courts wherein the One case went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled for the company. The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the United States and leads the federal judiciary. ^[17].

Global locations

Examples of Subway's international operations: (Listed alphabetically by region)
Sydney, Australia	Sofia, Bulgaria	Puerto Vallarta, Mexico	Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

References

Further reading

• Wikinews. "Subway sacks New Zealand worker for sharing free drink; lays theft charges", Wikinews, 2007-05-08. Wikinews is a free-content News source Wiki and a project of the Wikimedia Foundation. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 589 - Reccared summons the Third Council of Toledo 1450 - Jack Cade's Rebellion: Kentishmen  

External links

• Official site
• UK Official site
• FoodInfoDB - Nutritional information for Subway's menu items