Students attending a lecture on linear algebra at the Helsinki University of Technology

The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb "stŭdērĕ", meaning "to direct one's zeal at"; hence a student could be described as 'one who directs zeal at a subject'. A lecture is an oral Presentation intended to present information or teach people about a particular subject for example by a University or College Linear algebra is the branch of Mathematics concerned with Helsinki University of Technology ( TKK) ( Finnish: Teknillinen korkeakoulu; Swedish: Tekniska högskolan) is the premier technical Etymology is the study of the History of Words &mdash when they entered a language from what source and how their form and meaning have changed over time Middle English is the name given by Historical linguistics to the diverse forms of the English language spoken between the Norman invasion of Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a Verb from its basic forms or Principal parts. In Linguistics, conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a Verb, Noun or Adjective from its Principal parts by Inflection For English usage of verbs see the wiki article English verbs. This article is about meaning as it is studied in the discipline of linguistics In its widest use, "student" is used for anyone who is learning.

Scope

In many countries, the word "student" or a cognate equivalent (e. g. , French "étudiant") is reserved for higher education or university students. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects However derived adjectives in such languages (e. g. , "estudiantin" in French) may also, or even especially (e. g. , Dutch "studentikoos"), be associated with the non-academic, fun-loving side of stereotyped "student life" (in part organised, such as hazing, "Greek life" in North American Fraternities and sororities), although not all students induldge in this lifestyle. Hazing is an often Ritualistic test and a task which may constitute Harassment, Abuse or Humiliation with requirements to perform random often Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal

International variations

Students in rural Sudan, 2002

Over one thousand students in uniform during an assembly at a secondary school in Singapore. Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes Singapore

Australia

In Australia, "first-years", "second-years", etc. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. , up to "final-years" are in most common usage. Children in primary and secondary school are also referred to as students. The term student is used for all learners including primary school, secondary school and university/TAFE.

Canada

In Canada, special terms are occasionally used. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page In English provinces, the high school (known as Academy or secondary school) years can be referred to simply as first, second, third, fourth and fifth year. Some areas call it by grade such as Grade 9, Grade 10, Grade 11 and Grade 12. In university, students are classified as first-, second-, third-, or fourth-year students. In some occasions, they can be called Senior Ones, Twos, Threes, and Fours. First years are commonly known as "frosh", and the first week of university for first year students is commonly known as Frosh week.

Continental Europe

In Belgian universities, first-year students are called schacht in Flemish, or bleu in French. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people In Macedonian they are called бруцош. Macedonian () is the official Language of the Republic of Macedonia and is a part of the Eastern group of South Slavic languages.

United Kingdom and Ireland

At universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland the derivative form "fresher" is more often used to describe new students; the term "first years" is also commonly used (especially after the first term). The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Ireland ( Irish: Éire, ˈeːrʲə is a country in north-western Europe. There is no derogatory connotation in this name unlike its US counterpart. The week before the start of a new year is called "Freshers' Week" at many universities, with a programme of special events to welcome new students; some universities, however, are attempting to drop the connotative associations of "freshers' week" by renaming it "welcome week". Orientation week is the first week of the academic year at a University or other tertiary institution and a variety of events are held to help orient and welcome An undergraduate in the last year of study before graduation is generally known as a "finalist", or simply a third year (in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland ) or a fourth year (in Scotland and the Republic of Ireland). England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a Country within the United Kingdom, lying in the northeast of Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

The ancient Scottish University of St Andrews uses the terms "bejant" for a first year (from the French "bec-jaune" – "yellow beak", "fledgling"). The University of St Andrews is the oldest University in Scotland and third oldest in the English-speaking world, having been founded between Second years are called "semi-bejants", third years are known as "tertians", and fourth years, or others in their final year of study, are called "magistrands".

United States

First year

A freshman (slang alternatives that are usually derogatory in nature include "fish", "fresher", "frosh", "newbie", "freshie", "snotter", "fresh-meat", etc. ) is a first-year student in college, university or high school. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution The less-common gender-neutral synonym "first-year student" exists; the variation "freshperson" is rare.

In many traditions there is a remainder of the ancient (boarding, pre-commuting) tradition of fagging. Fagging was the system in schools and particularly English public schools, whereby younger pupils acted as servants to the older boys He may also be subjected to a period of hazing or ragging as a pledge(r) or rookie, especially if joining a fraternity/sorority or certain other clubs, mainly athletic teams. Hazing is an often Ritualistic test and a task which may constitute Harassment, Abuse or Humiliation with requirements to perform random often Rag (student society Ragging is a form of abuse on newcomers to educational institutions in India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka and in many other countries For the Walt Disney Pictures film about Jim Morris, see The Rookie (2002 movie. Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal For example, many high schools have initiation methods for freshmen, including, but not limited to, Freshman Duct-taped Throw, Freshman races, Freshman Orientation, Freshman Freshening (referring to poor hygiene among freshmen), and the Freshman Spread.

Even after that, specific rules may apply depending on the school's traditions (e. g. , wearing a distinctive beanie), non-observance of which may result in punishment in which the paddle may come into play. Beanie is the name for two distinct types of Cap or Hat The name "beanie" probably comes from the early-20th century slang term "bean" For other uses see Paddle (disambiguation spanking paddle is a usually wooden instrument with a long flat face and narrow neck so called because

Second year

In the U. S. , a sophomore is a second-year student. Folk etymology has it that the word means "wise fool"; consequently "sophomoric" means "pretentious, bombastic, inflated in style or manner; immature, crude, superficial" (according to the Oxford English Dictionary). Folk etymology is a term used in two distinct ways A commonly held misunderstanding of the origin of a particular word a False etymology. The wise fool, or the wisdom of the fool is a theme that seems to contradict itself in which the fool may have an attribute of Wisdom. The Oxford English Dictionary ( OED) published by the Oxford University Press (OUP is a comprehensive Dictionary of the English It appears to be most likely formed from Greek "sophos", meaning "wise", and "moros" meaning "foolish", although it may also have separately originated from the word "sophumer", an obsolete variant of "sophism"^[1]. Outside of the U. S. the term "sophomore" is rarely used, with second-year students simply called "second years".

Academic procession during the University of Canterbury graduation ceremony. This page discusses the New Zealand university For universities in Canterbury England see the University of Kent and Canterbury Christ Church University

Post-second year

In the U. S. a "junior" is a student in the penultimate (usually third) year and a "senior" a student in the last (usually fourth) year of college, university, or high school. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. A university is an institution of Higher education and Research, which grants Academic degrees in a variety of subjects High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution A college student who takes more than the normal number of years to graduate is sometimes referred to as a "super senior". A super senior is a student in an American four-year educational institution such as a High school or University who is in his or her fifth (or later year or ^[2] The term "underclassman" is used to refer collectively to freshmen and sophomores, and "upperclassman" to refer collectively to juniors and seniors, sometimes even sophomores. The term "middler" is used to describe a third-year student of a school (generally college) which offers five years of study. College ( Latin collegium) is a term most often used today to denote an Educational Institution. In this situation, the fourth and fifth years would be referred to as "junior" and "senior" years, respectively.

Mature students

Main article: Mature student

A mature, or adult student in tertiary education (at a university or a college) is normally classified as an (undergraduate) student who is at least 21 - 23 years old at the start of their course and usually having been out of the education system for at least two years. A adult student (aka Adult learner or Non-traditional student non-traditional students are a broader group than just "mature Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage third level and' post-secondary education', is the educational level following the completion of a school providing An academic major, major concentration, concentration, or simply major is mainly a U Mature students can also include students who have been out of the education system for decades, or students with no secondary education. Mature students also make up graduate and postgraduate populations by demographic of age. See also Postgraduate Training in Education Postgraduate education (synonymous in North America with graduate education, and sometimes described

Student pranks

Main article: Student prank

University students have a long association with pranks and japes. University students have a long association with pranks and japes. ^{[3][4][5][6][7]} These can often involve petty crime, such as the theft of traffic cones and other public property,^[8] or hoaxes. Traffic cones, also called toddlers, road cones, safety cones, construction cones, pylons, It is also not uncommon for students from one school to steal or deface the mascot of a rival school. The term mascot – defined as a term for any person animal or object thought to bring Luck – colloquially includes anything used to represent a group with a common ^[9] In fact, pranks play such a significant part in student culture that numerous books have been published that focus on the issue. ^[10][11]Pranks may reflect current events^[12], be a form of protest or revenge, or have no other purpose than for the enjoyment of the prank itself. A recent report has been released focusing on the misbehaviour of university students. The report, Studentification: A Guide to Opportunities, Challenges and Practice, by Universities UK, focuses on six British universities as case studies.

Other terms

• A student who is repeating a grade level of schooling due to poor grades is sometimes referred to as having been "held back".

• The term pupil (originally a Latin term for a minor as the ward of an adult guardian etc. ) is used in British primary and secondary schools instead of "student", but once attending higher education such as sixth-form college etc, the term "student" is standard. See also Primary education A primary school (from French école primaire) is an institution where children receive the first stage of Compulsory Secondary school is a term used to describe an educational Institution where the final stage of compulsory schooling known as Secondary education, takes The sixth form, in the English, Welsh and Northern Irish education systems Commonwealth West Indian countries such as Barbados, Belize

• The United States military academies use only numerical terms, except there are colloquial expressions used in everyday speech. The United States Service academies, also known as the United States Military Academies, are federal academies for the undergraduate education and training of In order from first year to fourth year, students in these institutions are officially referred to as "fourth-class", "third-class", "second-class", and "first-class" cadets or midshipmen. Unofficially, other terms are used, for example at the United States Military Academy, freshman are called "plebes," sophomores are called "yearlings" or "yuks," juniors are called "cows," and seniors are called "firsties. " Some universities also use numerical terms to identify classes; students enter as "first-years" and graduate as "fourth-years" (or, in some cases, "fifth-years", "sixth-years", etc).

• Freshers' Flu refers to the generic illness that many new students get during the first few weeks of starting the first year. Freshers' Flu is the name commonly given to illnesses contracted by as many as 90% of new students during the first few weeks at a University, in some form common symptoms include This is often attributed to viral/bacterial diseases being carried by students from other regions of the country/world, to which some have no immunity.

• In the United States a "gunner" is an overly competitive student, typically in law school or medical school. A law school (also known as a school of law or college of law) is an institution specializing in Legal education. Medical education A medical school or faculty of medicine is a Tertiary educational institution—or part of such an institution—that teaches Medicine Calling someone a gunner is usually highly offensive. A gunner is also overly ambitious and often excitedly volunteers oral answers in class that are, by turns, incorrect, off-topic, or specifically designed to demonstrate the questionable "intellectual" prowess of the person supplying them. These questions are often prefaced with phrases like "A cursory literature search revealed . . . " A gunner will compromise his or her peer relationships in order to obtain recognition and praise from his or her instructors and superiors, often by directly harming or attempting to harm the academic well-being of said peers. ^[13]

Idiomatic use

"Freshman" and "sophomore" are sometimes used figuratively, almost exclusively in the United States, to refer to a first or second effort ("the singer's sophomore album"), or to a politician's first or second term in office ("freshman senator") or an athlete's first or second year on a professional sports team. A freshman, fresher, fish, or frosh is a first-year student in an educational institution An album or record album is a collection of related audio or Music tracks distributed to the public A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person A sportsperson ( British and American English) or athlete (principally American English is any person who participates regularly in a Sport. Professional sports, as opposed to amateur Sports are those in which athletes receive payment for their performance "Junior" and "senior" are not used in this figurative way to refer to third and fourth years or efforts, because of those words' broader meanings of "younger" and "older". (A junior senator is therefore not one who is in his or her third term of office, but merely one who has not been in the Senate as long as the other senator from his or her state. A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government )

See also

• Student accommodation
• Student activism
• Freshman fifteen
• International student
• Orientation week
• School district drug policies
• Sophomore
• Student resources
  • Guidance Counseling
  • Homework help service
  • Student financial aid
  • Study skills
  • Tutoring
• Studentification

References