City of Stockholm Stockholms stad
Logo
Location of Stockholm in Europe
Coordinates: 59°21′N 18°4′E / 59.35, 18.067
Country	Sweden
Municipalities	11 Stockholm Municipality Huddinge Municipality Järfälla Municipality Solna Municipality Sollentuna Municipality Botkyrka Municipality Haninge Municipality Tyresö Municipality Sundbyberg Municipality Nacka Municipality Danderyd Municipality[1]
County	Stockholm County
Province	Södermanland and Uppland
First mention	1252
Charter	13th century
Government
- Mayor	Sten Nordin (m)
Area [2]
- Urban	377. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Municipalities of Sweden ( kommun) are the Local government entities of Sweden. The Stockholm urban area (Stockholms tätort is the largest and most populous of the statistical localities or Urban areas in Sweden. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Huddinge Municipality ( Huddinge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Järfälla Municipality ( Järfälla kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, and is considered a Suburb Solna Municipality ( Solna kommun or Solna stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, located Sollentuna Municipality ( Sollentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Botkyrka Municipality ( Botkyrka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm Haninge Municipality ( Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Tyresö Municipality ( Tyresö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden on the coast of the Baltic Sundbyberg Municipality ( Sundbybergs kommun or Sundbybergs stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden Nacka Municipality ( Nacka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Danderyd Municipality ( Danderyds kommun) is a municipality just north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden The Counties of Sweden, or Län, are the first level administrative and political Subdivisions of Sweden. Stockholm County ( Stockholms län) is a county or Län on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. The provinces of Sweden, Landskap, are historical geographical and cultural regions sometimes referred to under its Latin form Sudermannia, is a historical province or landskap on the south eastern coast of Sweden. Uppland ( is a historical province or landskap on the eastern coast of Sweden, just north of Stockholm, the capital The Swedish term stad, which is the equivalent of both city and town has since 1971 in Sweden no administrative or legal significance and even no official This is a list of Mayors of Stockholm ( Finansborgarråd) Mayors from 1920 till now 1920 - 1926 Carl Juhlin-Dannfelt Sten Nordin, born in 1956 is a Swedish Politician of the Moderate Party. This article refers to the Swedish political party for the group that dominated the Church of Scotland in the 18th century see Moderate Party (Scotland Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 30 km² (145. 7 sq mi)
Population (2008)[2]
- City	798,715 ( Source: www. scb. se)
- Density	4,230/km² (10,955. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume 6/sq mi)
- Urban	1,252,020
- Urban Density	3,318/km² (8,593. 6/sq mi)
- Metro	1,949,516
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
- Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Website: www.stockholm.se

Stockholm (help·info) (IPA: ['stɔkhɔlm]) is the largest city and capital of Sweden. A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central Central European Time ( CET) is one of the names of the Time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+1 is used in the following locations Central European Time West Africa Time Western European Summer Time Daylight saving time ( DST Central European Summer Time ( CEST) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. It is the site of the national Swedish government, the parliament, and the official residence of the Swedish monarch. The government of Sweden is a Constitutional monarchy based on Parliamentary democracy. The Riksdag (officially Sveriges riksdag literally The National Diet of Sweden is the national legislative assembly of Sweden. The monarch is the Head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden being a Constitutional monarchy with a Representative democracy based on a

Stockholm has been the political and economic centre of Sweden since the 13th century. Today Stockholm Municipality is the largest of the municipalities of Sweden, with a population of 795,163 (December 2007), and Stockholm urban area with a population of 1,252,020 (2005) is Sweden's largest continuously built-up area. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The Municipalities of Sweden ( kommun) are the Local government entities of Sweden. The Stockholm urban area (Stockholms tätort is the largest and most populous of the statistical localities or Urban areas in Sweden. The metropolitan area of Stockholm has a population of 1,949,516 (December 2007). A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central ^[3] Its strategic location on several islands on the east coast of Sweden at the mouth of Lake Mälaren, by the Stockholm archipelago, has been historically important. Lake Mälaren ( (historically occasionally referred to as Lake Malar in English is the third-largest Lake in Sweden, after Lakes Vänern and The Stockholm Archipelago ( Swedish: Stockholms skärgård) is the biggest Archipelago of Sweden, and one of the biggest archipelagos of

History

Main article: History of Stockholm

The location appears in Norse sagas as Agnafit, and especially in connection with the legendary king Agne. The history of Stockholm, capital of Sweden, for many centuries coincided with the development of what is today known as Gamla stan, the Stockholm Old Town The sagas (from Icelandic saga, plural sögur) are stories about ancient Scandinavian and Germanic history about early Viking voyages Agnafit or Agnefit was the name of a location where Lake Mälaren met the Baltic Sea. Agne, Agni, Hogne or Agni Skjálfarbondi was a mythological king of Sweden, of the House of Yngling. The earliest mention of Stockholm in writing, however, dates from 1252, when the mines in Bergslagen made it an important site in the iron trade. Bergslagen ( Swedish for "Mountain's Law" is a historically culturally and linguistically distinct mining district located north of Lake Mälaren in northern The first part of the name (stock) means log or it may be connected to an old German word (Stock) which means fortification, while the second part of the name (holm) means islet, and is thought to refer to the islet Helgeandsholmen in central Stockholm. Helgeandsholmen is a small Island in central of Stockholm, Sweden. The city is said to have been founded by Birger Jarl in order to protect Sweden from a sea invasion by foreign navies, and to stop the pillage of towns such as Sigtuna on Lake Mälaren. born Birger Magnusson (c 1210 – 21 October 1266) was a Swedish statesman a member of the House of Bjelbo, who played a pivotal role Sigtuna is a city in the Uppland part of Stockholm County, central Sweden.

Stockholm's core, the present Old Town (Gamla Stan) was built on the central island next to Helgeandsholmen between 1300 and 1500, and the city originally rose to prominence as a result of the Baltic trade of the Hanseatic League. Gamla stan ( Old Town) until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ( The Town between the Bridges) is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden The Hanseatic League (also known as the Hansa) was an alliance of trading cities and their Guilds that established and maintained trade Stockholm developed strong economic and cultural linkages with Lübeck, Hamburg, Danzig, Visby, Reval and Riga during this time. Between 1296 and 1478 Stockholm's City Council was made up of 24 members, half of whom were Hanseatic League representatives.

The strategic and economic importance of the city made Stockholm an important factor in relations between the Danish Kings of the Kalmar Union and the national independence movement in the 15th century. This is a list of Danish Monarchs, that is the Kings and Queens regnant of Denmark. The Kalmar Union ( Danish, Norwegian and Swedish: Kalmarunionen) is a historiographical term meaning a series of Personal The Danish King Christian II was able to enter the city in 1520. Christian II (1 July 1481 &ndash 25 January 1559 was a Danish monarch and King of Denmark, Norway (1513 &ndash 1523 and Sweden (1520 &ndash 1521 On November 8, 1520, massive executions of opposition figures, called the Stockholm Bloodbath, took place. Events 1519 - Hernán Cortés enters Tenochtitlán and Aztec ruler Moctezuma welcomes him with great a Celebration The Stockholm Bloodbath, or the Stockholm Massacre (Swedish Stockholms blodbad, Danish Det stockholmske blodbad) took place as the result of a successful This massacre set off further uprisings, which eventually led to the break-up of the Kalmar Union. With the accession of Gustav Vasa in 1523 and the establishment of a royal power, the population of Stockholm began to grow, reaching ten thousand by 1600. Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September

The 17th century saw Sweden rise into a major European power, reflected in the development of the city of Stockholm. From 1610 to 1680, the population multiplied sixfold. In 1634, Stockholm became the official capital of the Swedish empire. Trading rules were also created that gave Stockholm an essential monopoly over trade between foreign merchants and other Swedish and Scandinavian territories. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well

Stockholm as a flourishing place of merchancy around 1690. Stadsholmen, today's Old Town in the middle. Gamla stan ( Old Town) until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ( The Town between the Bridges) is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden Etching from Suecia antiqua et hodierna

Between 1713–1714, Stockholm suffered from the Black Death. Suecia Antiqua et Hodierna, or Ancient and Modern Sweden, is the title of a large work of Engravings collected by Erik Dahlberg in the middle of the The Black Death, or the Black Plague, was one of the deadliest Pandemics in human history widely thought to have been caused by a bacterium named Yersinia After the end of the Great Northern War and the destruction of several areas of the city in 1721, the city stagnated. The Great Northern War (1700-21 was fought between Russia and Sweden for supremacy in the Baltic Sea. Population growth halted and economic growth slowed. However, Stockholm maintained its role as the political centre of Sweden and continued to develop culturally under Gustav III. Gustav III ( – 29 March 1792) was King of Sweden from 1771 until his death The royal opera is a good architectural example of this era.

By the second half of the 19th century, Stockholm had regained its leading economic role. New industries emerged, and Stockholm transformed into an important trade and service centre, as well as a key gateway point within Sweden. The population also grew radically during this time, mainly through immigration. At the end of the century, less than 40% of the residents were Stockholm-born. Settlement began to expand outside of the city limits. In the 19th century, a number of scientific institutes opened in Stockholm, including the Karolinska Institute, and the General Art and Industrial Exposition was held in 1897. Karolinska Institutet (often translated from Swedish into English as the Karolinska Institute, and in older texts often as the Royal Caroline The General Art and Industrial Exposition of Stockholm of 1897 (Allmänna konst- och industriutställningen also known as Stockholm Exhibition or Stockholm World's Fair

During the latter half of the 20th century, Stockholm became a modern, technologically-advanced, and ethnically diverse city. Many historical buildings were torn down, including the entire historical district of Klara, and replaced with modern architecture. Klara (also known in Swedish, as Klarakvarteren) is a part of lower Norrmalm in the central part of Stockholm. Throughout the century, many industries shifted away from work-intensive activities into more high-technology and service-industry areas.

The city continued to expand and new districts were created, such as Rinkeby, and Tensta, some with high proportions of immigrants. Rinkeby is a district (stadsdel in Rinkeby-Kista borough Stockholm, Sweden. Tensta is a district in Spånga-Tensta borough, Stockholm, Sweden

Stockholm panorama from the City Hall

Geography

Municipalities of Metropolitan Stockholm. Stockholm City Hall ( Swedish: Stockholms stadshus or Stadshuset locally is the building of the Municipal Council for the City of Metropolitan Stockholm (also known as Greater Stockholm or in Swedish "Storstockholm") is a Metropolitan area surrounding the Stockholm Municipality orange

Boroughs of Stockholm Municipality.

Main article: Geography of Stockholm

Location

Stockholm is located on Sweden's east coast, where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea. The City of Stockholm is situated on fourteen islands and on the banks to the archipelago where Lake Mälaren meets the Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea is a Brackish inland sea located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N Latitude and from 20°E to 26°E Longitude. The central parts of the city consist of fourteen islands, all part of the archipelago. The Stockholm Archipelago ( Swedish: Stockholms skärgård) is the biggest Archipelago of Sweden, and one of the biggest archipelagos of The geographical city centre is virtually situated on the water, in the bay Riddarfjärden. Riddarfjärden, literally the Knight Firth, is a bay of Lake Mälaren in central Stockholm.

For details about the other municipalities usually considered part of Stockholm, see respective municipality. North of Stockholm Municipality: Järfälla, Solna, Täby, Sollentuna, Lidingö, Upplands Väsby, Österåker, Sigtuna, Sundbyberg, Danderyd, Vallentuna, Ekerö, Upplands-Bro and Vaxholm. Järfälla Municipality ( Järfälla kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, and is considered a Suburb Solna Municipality ( Solna kommun or Solna stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, located Täby Municipality ( Täby kommun) is a municipality north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Sollentuna Municipality ( Sollentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Lidingö Municipality ( Lidingö kommun or Lidingö stad) is a municipality just east of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east Upplands Väsby Municipality ( Upplands Väsby kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Österåker Municipality ( Österåkers kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Sigtuna Municipality ( Sigtuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Sundbyberg Municipality ( Sundbybergs kommun or Sundbybergs stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden Danderyd Municipality ( Danderyds kommun) is a municipality just north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden Vallentuna Municipality ( Vallentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Ekerö Municipality ( Ekerö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Upplands-Bro Municipality ( Upplands-Bro kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Vaxholm Municipality ( Vaxholms kommun or Vaxholms stad) is a municipality within Stockholm archipelago in Stockholm County in South of Stockholm: Huddinge, Nacka, Botkyrka, Haninge, Tyresö, Värmdö and Salem. Huddinge Municipality ( Huddinge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Nacka Municipality ( Nacka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Botkyrka Municipality ( Botkyrka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm Haninge Municipality ( Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Tyresö Municipality ( Tyresö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden on the coast of the Baltic Värmdö Municipality ( Värmdö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Salem Municipality ( Salems kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden.

Stockholm Municipality

Main article: Stockholm Municipality

Stockholm Municipality is an administrative unit defined by geographical borders. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The semi-officially adopted name for the municipality is City of Stockholm (Stockholms stad in Swedish). ^[4] As a municipality, the City of Stockholm is subdivided into district councils, which carry responsibility for primary school, social, leisure and cultural services within their respective areas. The City of Stockholm is usually described in terms of its three main parts: Stockholm City Centre (Innerstaden), South Stockholm (Söderort) and West Stockholm (Västerort). Stockholm City Centre ( Innerstaden) is the City centre of Stockholm in Sweden. Söderort (sometimes translated to South Stockholm) is the southern suburban part of Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. Västerort (sometimes translated to West Stockholm) is the western part of Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. The districts of respective parts are:

Climate

Stockholm has a humid continental climate. Stockholm City Centre ( Innerstaden) is the City centre of Stockholm in Sweden. Söderort (sometimes translated to South Stockholm) is the southern suburban part of Stockholm Municipality, Sweden. Västerort (sometimes translated to West Stockholm) is the western part of Stockholm Municipality in Stockholm County, Sweden. Kungsholmen is an island in Lake Mälaren in Sweden, part of Stockholm City. Norrmalm is a city district in Stockholm, part of the larger Norrmalm borough. Södermalm (often shortened to " Söder " South) is a district in central Stockholm. Östermalm (œstɛ(r'malm is a 256 km² large district in central Stockholm, Sweden. Farsta is a district in a borough with the same name in southern Stockholm, see Farsta borough. Hägersten-Liljeholmen is a so called borough ( stadsdelsområde) in Stockholm, Sweden Skärholmen is a suburban district in south-western Stockholm, primarily consisting of Million Programme style apartment buildings from the 1960s and Älvsjö is a part of the city of Stockholm in Sweden. Located in South Stockholm and organized as Älvsjö borough it has the biggest rentable facility Bromma is a so called borough ( stadsdelsområde) in in the western part of Stockholm, Sweden, forming part of the Stockholm Municipality Hässelby-Vällingby is a so called borough ( stadsdelsområde) in the western part of Stockholm. Rinkeby-Kista is a so called borough ( stadsdelsområde) in Stockholm, Sweden. Spånga-Tensta is a so called borough ( stadsdelsområde) in Stockholm, Sweden located in the north The humid continental climate is a Climate found over large areas of land masses in the temperate regions of the mid-latitudes where there is a zone of conflict between Due to the city's high northern latitude, the climate of Stockholm is extremely varied, with distinct seasons. At the winter solstice in late December, the day lasts about 6 hours, whereas at the summer solstice in late June, Stockholm's daylight period extends beyond 18 hours. ^[5]

Stockholm has pleasantly warm, rarely hot summers with comfortable cool summer evenings and cold, often cloudy skies during the winter. The spring and fall could range from cool to mild, or even sometimes warm. The average daily temperature in the July is 18°C (64°F) and in January -3°C (27°F). High temperatures above 25°C (77°F) occurs on average 16 days each summer.

The yearly precipitation is around 539 mm (21. 2 inches) with light rainfall in all months, but winters are somewhat drier than other seasons. Snowfall could occur from November to end of April, with 16 snowy days each winter season, but some winters are often mostly free of snow.

Typical temperatures and precipitation for each month:^[6]

Politics and government

Main article: Stockholm Municipality

Municipalities are responsible for government-mandated duties, and elections for the Municipal council are held every four years, parallel to the general elections. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. A municipal council is the Local government of a Municipality. Results of the general election to the Riksdag, the parliament of Sweden, held Sunday September 15, 2002.

Following the 2006 municipal elections, the seats are divided in the following way:

The Mayor of Stockholm is as of April 2008 Sten Nordin from the Moderate Party. This article refers to the Swedish political party for the group that dominated the Church of Scotland in the 18th century see Moderate Party (Scotland The Liberal People's Party (Folkpartiet liberalerna abbreviated fp, meaning literally People's Party the Liberals) is a political party in Sweden The Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna abbreviated kd) is a political party in Sweden. The Centre Party ( Centerpartiet, abbreviated c) is a centrist Political party in Sweden. The Swedish Social Democratic Party, (Sveriges socialdemokratiska arbetareparti 'Social Democratic Workers' Party of Sweden' contests elections as 'Workers' Party - Social Democrats' The Left Party ( Vänsterpartiet) is a Socialist and Feminist political party in Sweden, from 1967 to 1990 known as the Left The Green Party (Miljöpartiet de Gröna literally "The Environment Party the Green ones" and usually simply referred to in Sweden as Miljöpartiet: the "The This is a list of Mayors of Stockholm ( Finansborgarråd) Mayors from 1920 till now 1920 - 1926 Carl Juhlin-Dannfelt Sten Nordin, born in 1956 is a Swedish Politician of the Moderate Party.

Economy

The vast majority of Stockholmians work in the service industry, which accounts for roughly 85% of jobs in Stockholm. The almost total absence of heavy industry makes Stockholm one of the world's cleanest metropolises. A metropolis (from the Greek μήτηρ mētēr meaning 'mother' and πόλις pólis meaning 'city/town' is a big City, in most cases with

The last decade has seen a significant number of jobs created in high technology companies. High tech is Technology that is at the cutting edge —the most advanced technology currently available Large employers include IBM, Ericsson, and Electrolux. International Business Machines Corporation abbreviated IBM and nicknamed "Big Blue", is a multinational Computer Technology Ericsson ( Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson) () one of the largest Swedish companies is a leading provider of telecommunication and data communication systems The Electrolux Group is a Swedish Manufacturer of home and professional appliances A major IT centre is located in Kista, in northern Stockholm. Kista ( Swedish: /'ɕiːsta/ is a district of Stockholm Municipality in Sweden belonging to Rinkeby-Kista borough.

Djurgårdsfärjorna

Five start luxury Grand Hotel in Stockholm

Stockholm is Sweden's financial centre. Major Swedish banks, such as Swedbank, Handelsbanken, and Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken, are headquartered in Stockholm, as are the major insurance companies Skandia and Trygg-Hansa. Swedbank AB (formerly called FöreningsSparbanken) is a leading Nordic - Baltic Banking group with 8 Svenska Handelsbanken AB is one of the biggest banks in the Nordic countries. Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB ( SEB) is a North-European financial group for corporate customers institutions and private individuals Skandia is a Swedish Insurance company that was started in 1855. Stockholm is also home to Sweden's foremost stock exchange, the Stockholm Stock Exchange (Stockholmsbörsen). The Stockholm Stock Exchange (Stockholmsbörsen is a Stock exchange located in Stockholm, Sweden. Finally, about 45% of Swedish companies with more than 200 employees are headquartered in Stockholm. ^[8] Famous clothes retailer H&M is headquartered in the city too. Hennes & Mauritz AB (operating as H&M) is a Swedish clothing company known for its inexpensive and fashionable clothing offerings for women men teenagers and children

In the last years, tourism has played an important part in the city's economy. Between 1991–2004, annual overnight stays increased from 4 to 7. 7 million. ^[9]

Largest companies by number of employees:^[10]

Education

Main article: Education in Stockholm

Main campus of the Royal Institute of Technology. Ericsson ( Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson) () one of the largest Swedish companies is a leading provider of telecommunication and data communication systems Posten is the name of the Swedish postal service. The word "posten" means "the post" or "the mail" in Swedish. Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB ( SEB) is a North-European financial group for corporate customers institutions and private individuals Swedbank AB (formerly called FöreningsSparbanken) is a leading Nordic - Baltic Banking group with 8 Södersjukhuset is one of the largest Hospitals in Stockholm, Sweden. Nordea Bank AB is a Nordic financial services group operating in Northern Europe, based in Stockholm. Svenska Handelsbanken AB is one of the biggest banks in the Nordic countries. Capgemini ( is a major French company, one of the world's largest Information technology, Management consulting, Outsourcing For the Swedish security guard services provider see Securitas AB. Sveriges Television AB ( SVT,) is a national Television broadcaster based in Sweden, funded by an obligatory fee payable by all Television -owners Sodexo ( Sodexho Alliance prior to 23 January 2008) is a French Multinational corporation and one of the largest Food services and Facilities management Higher education in Stockholm goes back to 1583 when the small college Collegium Regium Stockholmense was founded in by King John III, but it was shut down ten years The Royal Institute of Technology or Kungliga Tekniska högskolan ( KTH) is a University in Stockholm, Sweden.

Research and higher education in the sciences started in Stockholm in the 18th century, with an education in medicine and various research institutions, such as the Stockholm Observatory. The Stockholm Observatory (Swedish Stockholms observatorium) is an astronomical institution in Stockholm Sweden founded in the 18th century and today part of Stockholm The medical education was eventually formalized in 1811 as the Karolinska Institutet. Karolinska Institutet (often translated from Swedish into English as the Karolinska Institute, and in older texts often as the Royal Caroline The Royal Institute of Technology (Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, or KTH) was founded in 1827 and is currently Scandinavia's largest higher education institute of technology with 13,000 students. The Royal Institute of Technology or Kungliga Tekniska högskolan ( KTH) is a University in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm University, founded in 1878 with university status granted in 1960, has 52,000 students as of 2008. Stockholm University ( Stockholms universitet) is a state University in Stockholm, Sweden. It also incorporates many historical institutions, such as the Observatory, the Swedish Museum of Natural History, and the botanical garden Bergianska trädgården. The Swedish Museum of Natural History (in Swedish Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, literally the National Museum of Natural History in Stockholm, is The Bergianska trädgården, the Bergian Garden, is a Botanical garden located in the Frescati area on the outskirts of Stockholm, close to the The Stockholm School of Economics, founded in 1909, is one of few private institutions of higher education in Sweden. The Stockholm School of Economics (SSE or Handelshögskolan i Stockholm (HSS is a highly ranked business school and the only private University

In the fine arts, educational institutions include the Royal College of Music, which has a history going back to the conservatory founded as part of the Royal Swedish Academy of Music in 1771, the Royal University College of Fine Arts, which has a similar historical association with the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts and a foundation date of 1735, and the Swedish National Academy of Mime and Acting, which is the continuation of the school of the Royal Dramatic Theatre, once attended by Greta Garbo. Fine art is any Art form developed primarily for Aesthetics rather than Utility. The Royal College of Music Stockholm ( Swedish Kungliga Musikhögskolan i Stockholm) is an institution of higher education in music founded in 1771 as The Royal Swedish Academy of Music or Kungl Musikaliska Akademien, founded in 1771 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies in The Royal University College of Fine Arts ( Swedish: Kungliga Konsthögskolan) is an institution in Stockholm, Sweden for higher education in The Royal Swedish Academy of Arts or Kungl Akademien för de fria konsterna, founded in 1773 by King Gustav III, is one of the Royal Academies The National Academy of Mime and Acting (NAMA known in Swedish as Teaterhögskolan i Stockholm, is a school in Stockholm for Acting The Royal Dramatic Theatre or in Swedish Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, colloquially known in Sweden as Dramaten, is Sweden's national Greta Garbo ( 18 September 1905 &ndash 15 April 1990) was a Swedish-American actress during Hollywood 's Other schools include the design school Konstfack, founded in 1844, the University College of Opera (founded in 1968, but with older roots), the University College of Dance, and the Stockholms Musikpedagogiska Institut (the University College of Music Education). Konstfack University College of Arts Crafts and Design (in Swedish simply known as Konstfack) is a University college for higher education in the area of art crafts Stockholms Musikpedagogiska Institut (or University College of Music Education) is a Swedish University College which offers Higher education

The Södertörn University College was founded in 1995 as a multidisciplinary institution for southern Metropolitan Stockholm, to balance the many institutions located in the northern part of the region. Södertörn University College or Södertörns Högskola is a University college located in Flemingsberg and the larger area called Södertörn Metropolitan Stockholm (also known as Greater Stockholm or in Swedish "Storstockholm") is a Metropolitan area surrounding the

Other institutes of higher education are:

Military Academy Karlberg. Military Academy Karlberg (Militärhögskolan Karlberg is a Swedish Military academy, since its inauguration in 1792 in operation in the Karlberg

• Military Academy Karlberg, the world's oldest military academy to remain in its original location, inaugurated in 1792 and housed in Karlberg Palace. Military Academy Karlberg (Militärhögskolan Karlberg is a Swedish Military academy, since its inauguration in 1792 in operation in the Karlberg Karlberg Palace is a palace by the Karlberg Canal on the border of Stockholm in Solna.
• Ersta Sköndal University College
• The Stockholm School of Theology (Teologiska Högskolan, Stockholm)
• The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, or GIH)
• The Stockholm Institute of Education (Lärarhögskolan i Stockholm)

Demographics

The Stockholm region is home to around 20% of Sweden's total population, and accounts for about 25% of the gross domestic product. Ersta Sköndal högskola (or Ersta Sköndal University College) is a Swedish institution for higher education operated by The Stora Sköndal Foundation, The Stockholm School of Theology ( Teologiska Högskolan i Stockholm) is an independent school for Theology in Stockholm, Sweden, sponsored by Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan (or Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences) is a Swedish institution offering higher education in the fields of teaching profession The Stockholm Institute of Education or Lärar Högskolan was a University institute of Education in Stockholm, Sweden. ^[8]

The geographical notion of "Stockholm" has changed throughout the times. By the turn of the 19th century, Stockholm basically consisted of the area today known as City Centre, roughly 35 km² (14 sq mi) or 1/5 of the current municipal area. Stockholm City Centre ( Innerstaden) is the City centre of Stockholm in Sweden. In the ensuing decades several other areas were incorporated (such as Brännkyrka Municipality in 1913, at which time it had 25,000 inhabitants, and Spånga in 1949). Brännkyrka is a Parish in South Stockholm, Sweden. The population As of 2004 is 36572 The municipal border was established in 1971 – with the exception of Hansta, in 1982 purchased by Stockholm Municipality from Sollentuna Municipality and today a nature reserve. Sollentuna Municipality ( Sollentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. ^[11]

Of the population of 765,044 (2004), 370,482 were men and 394,562 women. The average age is 39. 8 years; 40. 5% of the population is between 20 and 44 years. ^[11]

309,480 people, or 40. 4% of the population, over the age 15 were unmarried. 211,115 people, or 27. 5% of the population, were married. 85,373, or 11. 1% of the population, had been married but divorced. ^[11]

An old map of Stockholm City showing the intricate set of islands

Historical population

Population in the City of Stockholm from 1750 to present:^[11]

In the last century, the population of nearby municipalities in Stockholm County has become relevant to mention as well as the population of Stockholm Municipality, as many municipalities form part of the Stockholm urban area and as such are often considered part of the general term "Stockholm". Stockholm County ( Stockholms län) is a county or Län on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. Stockholm Municipality ( Stockholms kommun or Stockholms stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. The Stockholm urban area (Stockholms tätort is the largest and most populous of the statistical localities or Urban areas in Sweden. ^[11]

As of 2000, Stockholm urban area extended into 11 municipalities (Stockholm Municipality 750,000 inh. ; Huddinge 82,891; Järfälla 60,254; Solna 56,605; Sollentuna 53,715; Botkyrka 48,268; Haninge 40,151; Tyresö 36,483; Sundbyberg 33,868; Nacka 25,170; Danderyd 24,600) and a total population of 1,200,000 inhabitants. Huddinge Municipality ( Huddinge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Järfälla Municipality ( Järfälla kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, and is considered a Suburb Solna Municipality ( Solna kommun or Solna stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, located Sollentuna Municipality ( Sollentuna kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Botkyrka Municipality ( Botkyrka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden, not far from the capital Stockholm Haninge Municipality ( Haninge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Tyresö Municipality ( Tyresö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden on the coast of the Baltic Sundbyberg Municipality ( Sundbybergs kommun or Sundbybergs stad) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden Nacka Municipality ( Nacka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. Danderyd Municipality ( Danderyds kommun) is a municipality just north of Stockholm in Stockholm County in east central Sweden In the entire Stockholm County, with its 26 municipalities, the population reaches 1,900,000 inhabitants. ^[11]

Culture

Main article: Culture in Stockholm

Apart from being a large city with an active cultural life, Stockholm, as Sweden's capital, houses many national cultural institutions. Apart from being a large city with an active cultural life Stockholm, the capital of Sweden houses many national cultural institutions There are three UNESCO World Heritage sites in the Stockholm area: the Royal Palace Drottningholm (within Ekerö Municipality), Birka and Hovgården (also within Ekerö) and the Skogskyrkogården (The Woodland Cemetery). United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex The Drottningholm Palace is the private residence of the Swedish royal family. Ekerö Municipality ( Ekerö kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. For a group of islands in the Gulf of Finland, see Berezovye Islands. Hovgården is an archaeological site on the Lake Mälaren island of Adelsö in Ekerö Municipality in central-eastern Sweden. Skogskyrkogården (translated as The Woodland Cemetery is a Cemetery located in southern Stockholm, Sweden.

Stockholm was the 1998 European City of Culture. The European Capital of Culture is a city designated by the European Union for a period of one Calendar year during which it is given a chance to showcase its

Literature

Authors connected to Stockholm include the poet and songwriter Carl Michael Bellman (1740–1795), novelist and dramatist August Strindberg (1849–1912), and novelist Hjalmar Söderberg (1869–1941), all of whom made Stockholm part of their works. ( February 4, 1740 - February 11, 1795) was a Swedish Poet and Composer. ( January 22, 1849  &ndash May 14, 1912) was a Swedish Writer, Playwright, and painter. Hjalmar Emil Fredrik Söderberg ( July 2, 1869 - October 14, 1941) was a Swedish novelist playwright poet and journalist Other authors with notable heritage in Stockholm were the Nobel Prize laureate Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) and the popular poet and composer Evert Taube (1890–1976). The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur is awarded annually since 1901 to an author from any country who has in the words from the will of Alfred Eyvind Johnson, ( July 29, 1900 — August 25, 1976) was a Swedish Author. ( March 12, 1890 - January 31 1976) was a Swedish author artist composer and singer The novelist Per Anders Fogelström (1917–1998) wrote a popular series of historical novels depicting life in Stockholm from the 19th to the mid-20th century. Per Anders Fogelström (1917 - 1998 was among the leading figures in modern Swedish literature

Architecture

Stockholm Old Town

Strandvägen as seen from the island of Djurgården. Gamla stan ( Old Town) until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ( The Town between the Bridges) is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden For the sports club see Djurgårdens IF Djurgården ( [ˈjʉ(rgɔɳ / ˈjʉrˌgoːɖɛn / ˈdjʉ(rgɔɳ / ˈdjʉrˌgoːɖɛn) or

The city's oldest section is “Gamla Stan” (Old Town), located on the original small islands of the city's earliest settlements and still featuring the medieval street layout. Gamla stan ( Old Town) until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ( The Town between the Bridges) is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden Some notable buildings of Gamla Stan are the large German Church (Tyska kyrkan) and several mansions and palaces: the Riddarhuset (the House of Nobles), the Bonde Palace, the Tessin Palace and the Oxenstierna Palace. History The original design by Simon de la Vallée and Tessin the Younger based on French Baroque and Renaissance prototypes was H-shaped in plan the planned The Tessin Palace is a Baroque town house located in Gamla Stan, the old town in central Stockholm. The oldest building in Stockholm is the Riddarholmskyrkan from the late 13th century. The Riddarholmen Church (Riddarholmskyrkan is the Burial church of the Swedish monarchs. After a fire in 1697 when the original medieval castle was destroyed, Stockholm Palace was erected in a baroque style. The Stockholm Palace ( Swedish: Stockholms slott) is the Official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch. Baroque art redirects here Please disambiguate such links to Baroque painting, Baroque sculpture, etc Storkyrkan Cathedral, the episcopal seat of the Bishop of Stockholm, stands next to the castle. Sankt Nikolai kyrka ( Saint Nicolaus Church) most commonly known as Storkyrkan ( The Great Church) is the oldest church in Gamla Stan, the It was founded in the 13th century but is clad in a baroque exterior dating to the 18th century.

As early as the 15th century, the city had expanded outside of its original borders. Some pre-industrial, small-scale buildings from this era can still be found in Södermalm. Södermalm (often shortened to " Söder " South) is a district in central Stockholm. During the 19th century and the age of industrialization Stockholm grew rapidly, with plans and architecture inspired by the large cities of the continent such as Berlin and Vienna. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. Vienna ( in Wien; see also other names) is the Capital of Austria, and is also one of the nine States of Austria. Notable works of this time period include public buildings such as the Royal Swedish Opera and private developments such as the luxury housing developments on Strandvägen. The Kungliga Teatern ( "Royal Theatre") or Royal Swedish Opera is the national stage for Opera in Sweden. Strandvägen ( Swedish for "Beach Street" is a Boulevard on Östermalm in central Stockholm, Sweden.

In the 20th century, a nationalistic push spurred a new architectural style inspired by medieval and renaissance ancestry as well as influences of the Jugend / Art Nouveau style. Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international Art Nouveau ( nu vo anglicised /ˈɑːt nuːvəu/ ( French for 'new art' also known as Jugendstil ( German for 'youth style' is an international A key landmark of Stockholm, the Stockholm City Hall, was erected 1911–1923 by architect Ragnar Östberg. Stockholm City Hall ( Swedish: Stockholms stadshus or Stadshuset locally is the building of the Municipal Council for the City of Ragnar Östberg ( July 14, 1866, Stockholm - February 5, 1945, Stockholm was a Swedish Architect who Other notable works of these times are the Stockholm Public Library and the Forest Cemetery, Skogskyrkogården

In the 1930s modernism characterized the development of the city as it grew. Stockholm Public Library (Stockholms stadsbibliotek is a rotunda library building in Stockholm, Sweden, designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund. Skogskyrkogården (translated as The Woodland Cemetery is a Cemetery located in southern Stockholm, Sweden. Modernism describes an array of Cultural movements rooted in the changes in Western society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century New residential areas sprang up such as the development on Gärdet while industrial development added to the growth, such as the KF manufacturing industries on Kvarnholmen located in the Nacka Municipality. Gärdet is a part of Stockholm east and northeast of Östermalm. Nacka Municipality ( Nacka kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. In the 1950s, suburban development entered a new phase with the introduction of the Stockholm metro. The modernist developments of Vällingby and Farsta where internationally praised. Vällingby (by most Swedes today understood as " Gruel Village" see history below is a suburban District in West Stockholm, Sweden Farsta is a district in a borough with the same name in southern Stockholm, see Farsta borough. In the 1960s this suburban development continued but with the aesthetic of the times, the industrialised and mass-produced blocks of flats received a large amount of criticism.

At the same time that this suburban development was happening the most central areas of the inner city where being redesigned. Sergels Torg, with its five high-rise office towers was created in the 1960s, followed by the total clearance of large areas to make room for new development projects. Sergels torg ( Swedish for "Sergel's Square" is the most central Public square in Stockholm, Sweden, named after 18th century sculptor The most notable buildings from this period is the ensemble of the House of Culture, City Theatre and National Bank at Sergels Torg, designed by architect Peter Celsing. Peter Celsing (1920-1974 was a Swedish modernist Architect. Celsing studied at the architectural school of the Royal Institute of Technology

Museums

Stockholm is one of the most crowded museum-cities in the world with over 70 museums, visited by millions of people every year.

Nationalmuseeum

The most renowned national museum is the Nationalmuseum, with Sweden's largest collection of art: 16,000 paintings and 30,000 objects of art handicraft. Nationalmuseum ( Swedish: "National Museum" is the national gallery of Sweden, located on the peninsula Blasieholmen in central Stockholm The collection dates back to the days of Gustav Vasa in the 16th century, and has since been expanded with works by artists such as Rembrandt, and Antoine Watteau, as well as constituting a main part of Sweden's art heritage, manifested in the works of Alexander Roslin, Anders Zorn, Johan Tobias Sergel, Carl Larsson, Carl Fredrik Hill and Ernst Josephson. Gustav I, born Gustav Eriksson (Colloquial 15th century Upplandic Gösta Jerksson) and later known as Gustav Vasa (12 May 1496 – 29 September Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn (July 15 1606 &ndash October 4 1669 was a Dutch painter and etcher. Jean-Antoine Watteau ( October 10, 1684 – July 18, 1721) was a French painter whose brief career spurred the revival of Alexander Roslin ( July 15, 1718 &ndash July 5, 1793) was a Swedish portrait painter Anders Leonard Zorn ( February 18, 1860 – August 22, 1920) was a Swedish painter sculptor and Printmaker in Etching Johan Tobias Sergel ( September 7, 1740 - February 26, 1814) Swedish sculptor was born in Stockholm. Carl Larsson ( May 28, 1853 &ndash January 22, 1919) was a Swedish painter and interior designer. Carl Fredrik Hill ( 31 May 1849 - 22 February 1911) was a Swedish painter. Ernst Josephson ( 16 April, 1851, Stockholm, Sweden - 22 November, 1906) was a Swedish painter from a prominent Jewish

The Museum of Modern Art, or Moderna Museet, is Sweden's national museum of modern art. Moderna museet, the Museum of Modern Art, Stockholm, Sweden, is a state museum located on the island of Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm It has works by famous modern artists such as Picasso and Salvador Dalí. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Martyr Patricio Clito Ruíz y Picasso (October 25 1881 &ndash April 8 1973 Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech 1st Marquis of Púbol (May 11 1904 &ndash January 23 1989 was a Spanish Catalan Surrealist

Other notable museums:

• Stockholm City Museum
• Skansen, the archetype of open air museums, inaugurated 1891. The Stockholm City Museum ( Swedish: Stockholms stadsmuseum) is a museum documenting and exhibiting the history of Stockholm. Skansen is the first Open air museum and Zoo in Sweden and is located on the island Djurgården in Stockholm, Sweden. An open air museum is a distinct type of Museum exhibiting its collections out-of-doors
• Nordic Museum, dedicated to the cultural history and ethnography of Sweden. This article is about the Nordic Museum in Stockholm For the Nordic Museum in the Ballard district of Seattle, Washington see Nordic Heritage Museum
• The Vasa Museum, now with the reconstruction of the missing parts of the Vasa Ship. Vasa Museum interior1jpg|thumb|200px|right|The main hall of the museum with a model of Vasa to the left and the ship itself to the right History During the 17th century Sweden went from being a small poor and peripheral northern European kingdom of little influence to one of the major players in continental politics

Outer suburbs

Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm

The outer Stockholm suburbs are places with diverse cultural background. Some areas in the outer suburbs, including those of Tensta, Jordbro, Fittja, Husby, Rinkeby, Kista, Hagsätra, Rågsved, Södertälje, Huddinge, have high percentages of immigrants or second generation immigrants. Tensta is a district in Spånga-Tensta borough, Stockholm, Sweden Jordbro is a suburban locality in Haninge Municipality, Stockholm County, southeast of Stockholm. Fittja is a part of Botkyrka Municipality and the name of the Stockholm Metro station in the area Husby is the name of many Swedish (and Danish farms and villages Rinkeby is a district (stadsdel in Rinkeby-Kista borough Stockholm, Sweden. Kista ( Swedish: /'ɕiːsta/ is a district of Stockholm Municipality in Sweden belonging to Rinkeby-Kista borough. Hagsätra is a district in the southern part of the city of Stockholm. Rågsved is a Working-class suburb in the south of Stockholm, Sweden. is a city in Södermanland in east central Sweden about 30 km south of Stockholm, and is the seat of Södertälje Municipality, Huddinge Municipality ( Huddinge kommun) is a municipality in Stockholm County in east central Sweden. These mainly come from the Middle East and former Yugoslavia but there are also immigrants from Africa, Southeast Asia and Latin America. The Middle East is a Subcontinent with no clear boundaries often used as a synonym to Near East, in opposition to Far East. See also Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian Other parts of the outer suburbs, such as Hässelby, Vällingby, Flysta and Hökarängen, as well as some of the suburbs mentioned above, have a majority of ethnic Swedes. Vällingby (by most Swedes today understood as " Gruel Village" see history below is a suburban District in West Stockholm, Sweden Flysta is a part of the congregation Spånga in the western-most parts of Stockholm town Hökarängen (Hawks Meadow is a district in southern Stockholm.

Theatres

Distinguished among Stockholm's many theatres are the Royal Dramatic Theatre (Dramaten), one of Europe's most renowned theatres, and the Royal Swedish Opera, inaugurated in 1773. The Royal Dramatic Theatre or in Swedish Kungliga Dramatiska Teatern, colloquially known in Sweden as Dramaten, is Sweden's national The Kungliga Teatern ( "Royal Theatre") or Royal Swedish Opera is the national stage for Opera in Sweden.

Other notable theatres are the Stockholm City Theatre (Stockholms stadsteater), the Peoples Opera (Folkoperan), the Modern Theatre of Dance (Moderna dansteatern), the China Theatre, the Göta Lejon Theatre, the Mosebacke Theatre, and the Oscar Theatre. Folkoperan is an Opera house in Sweden, founded by Claes Fellbom in 1976. Chinateatern or commonly known as "China" (in English: The China Theatre) is a private Theatre in Stockholm, Sweden Göta Lejon is a theatre in Stockholm, Sweden, located in Södermalm. Mosebacke is a part of Södermalm in Stockholm, Sweden where cultural events take place Oscarsteatern or "Oscars" (in English: The Oscar Theatre is one of Stockholm 's finest private theatres and the most well-known

Media

Stockholm is the media centre of Sweden. It has four nation-wide daily newspapers and is also the central location of the publicly-funded radio (SR) and television (SVT). Sveriges Radio AB (SR &ndash Sweden's Radio Ltd &ndash is Sweden 's national publicly funded radio broadcaster Sveriges Television AB ( SVT,) is a national Television broadcaster based in Sweden, funded by an obligatory fee payable by all Television -owners In addition, all other major television channels have their base in Stockholm (TV4 TV3, TV6 and Kanal 5). TV4 Group (previously known as Nordisk Television AB and TV4 AB) is a Swedish media company that owns the largest commercial Television channel in Sweden TV3 is the brand name used by Viasat 's flagship channels in Scandinavia, the Baltic States, and Slovenia. TV6 is an entertainment television channel broadcasting to Sweden. Kanal 5 ( English: Channel 5) is a Swedish commercial Television channel established in 1989 All major magazines are also located to Stockholm, as are the largest literature publisher, the Bonnier group. Bonnier (also the Bonnier Group) is a Privately-held Swedish Media group of 150 companies operating in 21 countries

Sports

The most popular spectator sports are football and ice hockey. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Ice hockey, often referred to simply as hockey, is a team Sport played on Ice. The three most popular teams are AIK, Djurgårdens IF and Hammarby IF. Allmänna Idrottsklubben (usually referred to as just AIK) currently located in Solna, just north of Stockholm, is one of the oldest largest and most Djurgårdens IF is a Swedish Sports club with several departments located in Stockholm. Hammarby Fotboll is a Swedish football club based in Södermalm, the southernmost district of Stockholm city centre.

Historically, the city was the host of the 1912 Summer Olympics. The 1912 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the V Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1912 in From those days stem the Stockholms Olympiastadion which has since hosted numerous sports events, notably football and athletics. Stockholms Olympiastadion, most often called Stockholms Stadion or just Stadion, is a Stadium in Stockholm, Sweden. Other major sport arenas are Råsunda Stadium, the national football stadium, and Stockholm Globe Arena, a multi-sport arena and one of the largest spherical buildings in the world. Råsunda Fotbollstadion, also Råsundastadion, Råsunda Stadium or just Råsunda, is a Swedish National football stadium. The Stockholm Globe Arena or in Swedish, Globen ("The Globe" is the national indoor arena in Stockholm Globe City, Sweden.

Stockholm also hosted all but one of the Nordic Games, a winter multi-sport event that predated the Winter Olympics. The Nordic Games was the first international Multi-sport event that focused primarily on Winter sports, and was held at varying intervals between 1901 and 1926 A multi-sport event -- 246717740 ( talk) 1859 5 October 2008 (UTC is an organized sporting event often held over multiple days and featuring competition in many The Winter Olympic Games are a winter Multi-sport event held every four years

Yearly events

• Stockholm Jazz Festival is one of Sweden's oldest festivals, the festival takes place at Skeppsholmen in July. Stockholm Jazz Festival is an annual Jazz festival in Stockholm, Sweden, spread over several venues across the city and one of the major summer events of ^[12]
• Stockholm Pride is the largest Pride event in the Nordic countries and takes place in the last week of July every year. Stockholm Pride is a festival for LGBT individuals held yearly in Stockholm. The Stockholm Pride always ends with a parade and in 2007, 50 000 people marched with the parade and about 500 000 watched it. ^[13]
• The Stockholm Marathon takes place on a Saturday in early June each year
• The Nobel Banquet takes place at Stockholm City Hall every year on December 10

Gallery of notable buildings

Historical buildings in Gamla Stan	Stockholm Palace, the official residence of the Royal Family, with its appearance consecrated between 1730–1830. Stockholm Marathon is an annual Marathon arranged in Stockholm, Sweden since 1979. The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Stockholm City Hall ( Swedish: Stockholms stadshus or Stadshuset locally is the building of the Municipal Council for the City of Gamla stan ( Old Town) until 1980 officially Staden mellan broarna ( The Town between the Bridges) is the old town of Stockholm, Sweden The Stockholm Palace ( Swedish: Stockholms slott) is the Official residence and major royal palace of the Swedish monarch.	One of the oldest buildings in Stockholm, Riddarholmskyrkan	The Nordic Museum at Djurgården, Neo-renaissance style, built 1907. The Riddarholmen Church (Riddarholmskyrkan is the Burial church of the Swedish monarchs. This article is about the Nordic Museum in Stockholm For the Nordic Museum in the Ballard district of Seattle, Washington see Nordic Heritage Museum For the sports club see Djurgårdens IF Djurgården ( [ˈjʉ(rgɔɳ / ˈjʉrˌgoːɖɛn / ˈdjʉ(rgɔɳ / ˈdjʉrˌgoːɖɛn) or Architect Isak Gustaf Clason
Stockholm City Hall by architect Ragnar Östberg, view over Lake Mälaren in January 2006	Modern construction at Sergels Torg	Stockholm Globe Arena, built 1989	The bustling NK (Nordiska Kompaniet) department store. Isak Gustaf Clason (1856-1930 was a Swedish Architect. Biography Clason studied Engineering and later Architecture at the Stockholm City Hall ( Swedish: Stockholms stadshus or Stadshuset locally is the building of the Municipal Council for the City of Ragnar Östberg ( July 14, 1866, Stockholm - February 5, 1945, Stockholm was a Swedish Architect who Lake Mälaren ( (historically occasionally referred to as Lake Malar in English is the third-largest Lake in Sweden, after Lakes Vänern and Sergels torg ( Swedish for "Sergel's Square" is the most central Public square in Stockholm, Sweden, named after 18th century sculptor The Stockholm Globe Arena or in Swedish, Globen ("The Globe" is the national indoor arena in Stockholm Globe City, Sweden. Nordiska Kompaniet (colloquially NK, and literally The Nordic Company) is the name of two Department stores located in Stockholm and Architect Ferdinand Boberg
Stock Exchange building at Stortorget, Old Town	Youth Hostel af Chapman, Skeppsholmen	The National Museum	Dramaten, One of Stockholm's many theatres
Stockholm Public Library, built 1928. Ferdinand Boberg, born April 11 1860 in Falun, died May 7 1946 in Stockholm, was a Swedish Architect. The Stock Exchange Building ( Swedish: Börshuset) is a Building originally erected for and is still owned by the Swedish Academy, located on af Chapman is a steel Full-rigged ship moored on the western shore of the islet Skeppsholmen in central Stockholm, Sweden, now serving Skeppsholmen is one of the islands of Stockholm. It is connected with Blasieholmen and Kastellholmen by bridges Stockholm Public Library (Stockholms stadsbibliotek is a rotunda library building in Stockholm, Sweden, designed by Swedish architect Gunnar Asplund. Architect Gunnar Asplund	Birger Jarls torg, on the isle of Riddarholmen	Amusement park, Gröna Lund in Djurgården	Stureplan

Transport

Public transport

Main article: Public transport in Stockholm

Stockholm Centralstation

Stockholms 'tunnelbana' metro

Stockholm has an extensive public transport system. Erik Gunnar Asplund ( 22 September 1885 &ndash 20 October 1940) was a Swedish architect mostly known as a representative of Swedish Palaces While the church dates back to the Middle Ages most of the present structures on Riddarholmen were built during the 17th century when the island was an aristocratic setting Public transport in Stockholm consists of Bus, metro, regional/suburban rail, Light rail, Tram and Archipelago It consists of the Stockholm Metro (Tunnelbana); three regional/suburban rail systems: commuter rail (pendeltåg), Roslagsbanan, and Saltsjöbanan; three light rail systems: Nockebybanan, Lidingöbanan, and Tvärbanan; a large number of bus lines, and an inner-city boat line. The Stockholm Metro (Stockholms tunnelbana is the metro system in Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm commuter rail (Stockholms pendeltåg is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. Roslagsbanan is an 891 mm Narrow-gauge Suburban railway system in Stockholm County, Sweden. Saltsjöbanan is a Suburban rail system between Stockholm and Saltsjöbaden in Nacka, Sweden. Nockebybanan is a Tram line between Nockeby and Alvik in the western suburbs of Stockholm, Sweden. Lidingöbanan is a Light rail system in Stockholm, Sweden, between Ropsten and Gåshaga brygga, going in the south half of the Tvärbanan is a Light rail line in the suburbs of Stockholm, Sweden. All the land-based public transport in Stockholm County, except the airport buses/trains, are organized by Storstockholms Lokaltrafik (SL), with the operation and maintenance of the public transport services delegated to several contractors, such as Connex who operate the metro and regional/suburban railways except for the commuter rail. Stockholm County ( Stockholms län) is a county or Län on the Baltic sea coast of Sweden. Storstockholms Lokaltrafik AB, (Stockholm Public Transport literally Greater Stockholm Local Transit Company commonly referred to as SL, is the organisation running all Stockholm commuter rail (Stockholms pendeltåg is the commuter rail system in Stockholm County, Sweden. The archipelago boat traffic is handled by Waxholmsbolaget. Waxholmsbolaget, actually Waxholms Ångfartygs AB is a Shipping company that is owned by the Stockholm County Council and is responsible for the seaborne

SL has a common ticket system in the entire Stockholm County, which allows for easy travel between different modes of transport. The tickets are of two main types, single ticket and travel cards, both allowing for unlimited travel with SL in the entire Stockholm County for the duration of the ticket validity. A Travel card is a ticket usable on more than one journey route or mode of public transport within a specific area using bulk or discounted payment some schemes only cover travel Starting April 1st, 2007, a new zone system(A,B,C) and price system applies for single tickets. Single tickets are now available in forms of cash ticket, individual unit pre-paid tickets, pre-paid ticket slips of 10, sms-ticket and machine ticket. Cash tickets bought at the point of travel are the most expensive and pre-paid tickets slips of 10 are the cheapest. A single ticket is valid for one hour. The duration of the travel card validity depends on the exact type, they are available from 24 hours up to a year. A 30-day card costs 690 SEK (73 EUR; 115 USD). Tickets of all these types are available with reduced price for persons under 20 and over 65 years old.

Roads

Stockholm is at the junction of the European routes E4, E18 and E20. The international E-road network is a numbering system for Roads in Europe developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE. European route E4 passes from north to south through Sweden from the frontier with Finland, total length. European route E18 begins at Northern Ireland, then through Scotland, England, Norway, Sweden, and Finland to end at The European route E20 is part of the United Nations International E-road network. A half-completed motorway ring road exists on the south and west sides of the City Centre. Stockholm ring road (Stockholms ringled is a half-completed ring road around central Stockholm, Sweden. Stockholm City Centre ( Innerstaden) is the City centre of Stockholm in Sweden.

Congestion charges

Main article: Stockholm congestion tax

Essingeleden, part of E4 and E20

Congestion tax control point

Stockholm has a congestion pricing system, Stockholm congestion tax,^[14] in use on a permanent basis since August 1, 2007,^[15][16] after having had a seven month trial period in the first half of 2006. The Stockholm congestion tax (Trängselskatt i Stockholm also found referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a Congestion pricing system implemented Essingeleden is a Freeway that goes from Solna to Stockholm, Sweden, crossing the westmost parts of central Stockholm by going over Kungsholmen Road pricing is an economic concept regarding the various direct charges applied for the use of Roads The road charges includes Fuel taxes licence fees The Stockholm congestion tax (Trängselskatt i Stockholm also found referred to as the Stockholm congestion charge, is a Congestion pricing system implemented Events 30 BC - Octavian (later known as Augustus enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ^[17] The City Centre is within the congestion tax zone. Stockholm City Centre ( Innerstaden) is the City centre of Stockholm in Sweden. All the entrances and exits of this area have unmanned control points operating with automatic number plate recognition. Automatic number plate recognition ( ANPR; see also other names below is a Mass surveillance method that uses Optical character recognition on All vehicles entering or exiting the congestion tax affected area, with a few exceptions, have to pay 10–20 SEK (1. 09–2. 18 EUR, 1. Please update other articles as well to avoid contradiction within Wikipedia e 49–2. 98 USD) depending on the time of day between 06:30 and 18:29. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The maximum tax amount per vehicle per day is 60 SEK (6. 53 EUR, 8. 94 USD). ^[18] Payment is done by various means within 14 days after one has passed one of the control points, one cannot pay at the control points. ^[19]

After the trial period was over, consultative referendums were held in Stockholm Municipality and several other municipalities in Stockholm County. The then-reigning government (cabinet Persson) stated that they would only take into consideration the results of the referendum in Stockholm Municipality. Göran Persson served as Prime Minister of Sweden between March 22, 1996 and October 6, 2006. The opposition parties (Alliance for Sweden) stated that if they were to form a cabinet after the general election—which was held the same day as the congestion tax referendums—they would take into consideration the referendums held in several the other municipalities as well, but didn't specify more in detail how they would do that. Alliance for Sweden (Allians för Sverige is a political alliance in Sweden. A general election was held in Sweden on September 17, 2006, to elect members to the Swedish parliament. The results of the referendums were such the Stockholm Municipality voted for the congestion tax, but all the other municipalities voted against it. The opposition parties won the general election and a few days before they formed government (cabinet Reinfeldt) they announced that the congestion tax would be reintroduced in Stockholm, but that the revenue would go entirely to road construction in and around Stockholm. The cabinet of Fredrik Reinfeldt is the current Cabinet of Sweden. During the trial period and according to the agenda of the previous government the revenue went entirely to public transport.

Ferries

Stockholm has regular ferry lines to Helsinki and Turku in Finland (commonly called "Finlandsfärjan"); Tallinn, Estonia; Riga, Latvia; and to the Åland islands. Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland. Turku, in Swedish Åbo ( pronounced,) is a city and the original capital of Finland on the southwest coast of Finland at the Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Baltic Sea is crossed by several Cruiseferry lines Some important shipping companies are Viking Line, Silja Line, Tallink and Tallinn (historically known by the German, Swedish and Danish name Reval or the Polish name Rewal, among other names Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Riga (Rīga riːga) the Capital of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast on the mouth of the river Daugava. Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Travelers are no longer able to take a direct ferry to St. Petersburg, Russia as of 1998. Saint Petersburg ( tr: Sankt-Peterburg,) is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River One must first ferry to Helsinki and then onto St. Petersburg.

The large Stockholm archipelago is served by the Waxholmsbolaget archipelago boats. The Stockholm Archipelago ( Swedish: Stockholms skärgård) is the biggest Archipelago of Sweden, and one of the biggest archipelagos of Waxholmsbolaget, actually Waxholms Ångfartygs AB is a Shipping company that is owned by the Stockholm County Council and is responsible for the seaborne

Airports

Stockholm-Arlanda Airport is the largest and busiest airport in Sweden with 18 million passengers in 2007. Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, is an international Airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, about 42km It is located about 40 km north of Stockholm.

• International and domestic:
  • Stockholm-Arlanda Airport is the primary airport for the region. Stockholm-Arlanda Airport, is an international Airport located in the Sigtuna Municipality of Sweden, near the town of Märsta, about 42km Serves as a hub for Scandinavian Airlines. Scandinavian Airlines System ( SAS) is a multi-national Airline for Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and the leading carrier in the
  • Stockholm-Bromma Airport
• Only international:
  • Stockholm-Skavsta Airport is located 100 km (62. Stockholm-Bromma Airport is an Airport in Stockholm, Sweden. History During the 1930s the need for a proper airport for Stockholm Stockholm-Skavsta Airport ( Swedish: Stockholm-Skavsta flygplats, is an international Airport near Nyköping, Sweden, approximately 5 miles) south of Stockholm.
  • Stockholm-Västerås Airport is located 110 km (68 miles) west of Stockholm, in the city of Västerås. Stockholm-Västerås Airport, also known as Västerås Airport or Hässlö Flygplats is located at the city Västerås and about 110 km (68 mi west of Västerås is a city in central Sweden, located on the shore of Lake Mälaren in the province Västmanland, some 100 km west of

Flygbussarna bus lines run to and from central Stockholm from all the airports, and the Arlanda Express airport rail link runs between Arlanda Airport and Stockholm. Flygbussarna provide an Airport Bus service between many airports in and cities in Sweden. An airport rail link is a service providing passenger Rail transport from an Airport to a nearby city by mainline - or commuter trains

Inter-city trains

The Stockholm Central Station has train connections to many Swedish towns, and to Oslo and Copenhagen. Stockholm Central Station (Stockholms centralstation Stockholm C is the largest Railway station in Sweden. (called Christiania from 1624 to 1878 and Kristiania from 1878 to 1924 is the Capital and largest city of Norway. Copenhagen (ˌkəʊpənˈheɪgən ˌkəʊpənˈhɑːgən ˈkəʊpənˌheɪgən ˈkəʊpənˌhɑːgən kʰøb̥ənˈhɑʊ̯ˀn kʰøb̥m̩ˈhɑʊ̯ˀn is the capital and largest city The popular X2000-service to Gothenburg takes three hours. X 2000 is the brand name of Sweden 's tilting 200 Km/h High-speed train class X2, which is operated by SJ. Gothenburg ( Swedish:) /jœte'bɔrj/ is a city, a municipality, and an urban area on the west-coast of Sweden. Most of the trains are run by SJ AB. SJ AB is a Swedish government-owned passenger train operator SJ was created in 2000, out of the Public transport division of Statens Järnvägar

Twin towns

The policy of Stockholm is to have informal town twinning with all capitals of the world, with its main focus being those in northern Europe. Stockholm does not sign any formal town twinning treaties, although the city claims to have established such treaties in the past which are still valid. ^[20]

The cities claiming to having been twinned with Stockholm are:

• Tirana, Albania^[21]
• Kiev, Ukraine
• Cali, Colombia
• Sarajevo, Bosnia Herzegovina
• St. Petersburg, Russia
• Istanbul, Turkey

References and notes

See also

• Largest European metropolitan areas
• Ports of the Baltic Sea
• List of people connected to Stockholm
• Stockholmska
• Stockholm syndrome

External links

• Stockholm - Official website (English)
• Stockholm Visitors Board - The official visitors' guide, operated by the (municipal) Stockholm Visitors Board (English)
• Stockholm travel guide from Wikitravel (English)