A standing frame (also known as a stand, stander, standing technology, standing aid, standing device, standing box, tilt table) is assistive technology used by a child or adult who uses a wheelchair for mobility. Assistive technology (AT is a generic term that includes assistive adaptive and rehabilitative devices for people with disabilities and includes the process used in selecting A wheelchair is a wheeled Mobility device in which the user sits A standing frame provides alternative positioning to sitting in a wheelchair by supporting the person in the standing position. Standing frames are advertised as increasing independence, mobility, and self-esteem.
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Types of Standing Devices/Function of Standing Devices
Common types of standers include: sit to stand, prone, supine, upright, multi-positioning standers, and standing wheelchairs. The supine position is a position of the body; lying down with the Face up as opposed to the Prone position, which is face down Long leg braces are also a standing device but not used often today.
- Passive (static) stander: A passive stander remains in one place, sometimes has casters but cannot be self-propelled.
- Mobile (dynamic) stander: User can self-propel a mobile stander if they have the strength to push a manual wheelchair. Some standers are also available with powered mobility.
- Active stander: An active stander creates reciprocal movement of the arms legs while standing.
Diagnoses & Users
Standers are used by people with mild to severe disabilities including: spinal cord injury, traumatic brain injury, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis, stroke, rett syndrome, post-polio syndrome and more. Spinal cord injury causes myelopathy or damage to white matter or myelinated fiber tracts that carry sensation and motor signals to and from the brain Traumatic brain injury (TBI also called intracranial injury, occurs when Physical trauma injures the Brain. Cerebral palsy ( CP) is an Umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non- contagious conditions that cause Physical disability Spina bifida ( Latin: "split spine" is a developmental Birth defect involving the Neural tube: incomplete closure of the Embryonic neural Muscular dystrophy (MD refers to a group of genetic, Hereditary Muscle diseases that cause progressive muscle weakness Multiple sclerosis (abbreviated MS also known as disseminated sclerosis or encephalomyelitis disseminata) is an autoimmune condition in which the A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain functions due to a disturbance in the blood vessels supplying blood to the brain Rett syndrome (also called Rett disorder) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is classified as a Pervasive developmental disorder by the DSM-IV. Post-polio syndrome ( PPS) sometimes termed Middle age onset Post-polio syndrome is a condition that affects survivors of Poliomyelitis, a viral
Spinal Cord Injury - Standers are used by people with both paraplegia and quadriplegia since a variety of support options are available to accommodate for mild to severe disabilities. Paraplegia is an impairment in motor and/or sensory function of the lower extremities Quadriplegia, also known as tetraplegia, is a Symptom in which a human experiences Paralysis affecting all four limbs although not necessarily total paralysis
Doug Betters and Mike Utley are both former NFL football players who are quadriplegics due to spinal cord injury. Doug Betters (born June 11, 1956) is an American football player who played Defensive end for the Miami Dolphins from 1978 to 1987 Michael "Mike" Utley (b December 20, 1965) is a former American football player The National Football League ( NFL) is the largest professional American football league. Spinal cord injury causes myelopathy or damage to white matter or myelinated fiber tracts that carry sensation and motor signals to and from the brain They both stand using active standers.
Common Settings and Applications
Standing devices are used in a variety of settings including: In the home and workplace, Early Intervention Centers, Schools (Special Education Classes or the inclusive classroom), Adapted Physical Education classes, Children's Hospitals and Therapy Centers, Rehabilitation Facilities and Hospitals, Extended Care Units, Nursing Homes, Assisted Living Centers and Group Homes, and Veterans' Hospitals. Special Education is the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures adapted equipment and materials accessible settings and other interventions Inclusive education is about the education of all children in mainstream schools and the recent drive toward inclusive education is about more than disability or ‘special educational needs’ Adapted physical education is a sub-discipline of Physical education. SNF redirects here For the sports show see NBC Sunday Night Football.
Documentation and Funding
Effective Documentation- Funding (government funding or insurance) for standing equipment is achievable, but usually requires medical justification and a letter of medical necessity (a detailed prescription) written by a physical therapist or medical professional. Medical necessity is a United States Legal doctrine, related to activities which may be justified as reasonable necessary and/or appropriate based on evidence-based A prescription (℞ is a health-care program implemented by a Physician or other medical practitioner in the form of instructions that govern the plan of care for an individual
Funding Sources- In the U. S. there are various funding options for purchasing durable medical equipment (DME) such as standing technology:
- Public Insurance/Government Funding (i. Durable Medical equipment is a Term of art used to describe certain Medicare benefits that is whether Medicare may pay for the item e. Medicaid, Waivers, etc. Medicaid is the United States health program for eligible individuals and families with low incomes and resources )
- Private Insurance Companies (i. e. Blue Cross, Health Maintenance Organization (HMOs), PPOs, etc. Blue Cross redirects here For other uses see Blue Cross (disambiguation The Blue Cross Blue Shield "HMO" redirects here For other uses see HMO (disambiguation. )
- Worker's compensation
- Disability Insurance
- Liability Insurance (i. Workers' compensation (colloquially known as workers' comp in North America or compo in Australia) a form of Insurance that provides e. car, home, etc. )
- Out-of-pocket (cash or credit card)
- Possible payment plan through supplier
- Child’s school purchase for use at school (i. Out-of-pocket expenses are direct outlays of cash which are not reimbursed e. standing is part of child’s Individualized Education Program (IEP))
- Purchase by workplace for use while on the job
- Purchase through your VA Hospital
- Assistance from local groups such (i. In the United States an Individualized Education Program, commonly referred to as an IEP, is mandated by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA Veterans Health Administration (VHA is the component of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs (VA that implements the medical assistance program of the VA through e. Rotary clubs, Lions, etc. )
- Assistance from disability groups (i. e. MDA, MS Society, etc. )
Most states have resources such as PAAT (Protection Advocacy for Assistive Technology) and State Technology Assistance Projects that are resources for consumers seeking funding or going through the appeals process.
Sit to Stand standers are billed as DME (Durable Medical Equipment) to both Public and Private insurance companies and are routinely purchased. Standers are designed to maintain function and design characteristics for repeated daily use by the patient for whom it is originally prescribed. As of January 1, 2004 sit to stand standers are HCPCS coded as E0637 (Combination sit to stand system, any size with seat lift feature, with or without wheels). The Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System ( HCPCS) is a set of Health care Procedure codes based on the American Medical Association 's
Sources
- Able Data Fact Sheet on Standing Aids[1]
- Holland, Diane and Tom. "Taking a Stand. " Rehab Management. Mar. 2006. [2]
External links
- National Registry of Rehabilitation Technology Suppliers - nrrts.org
- Mobile Standers is an article giving information on various makers of manual and power mobile standers.
- Standing and gait therapy can be a winning combination for SCI patients
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