Citizendia

Southern Poverty Law Center
Typenon-profit organization
Founded1971, Montgomery, Alabama, U.S.
HeadquartersMontgomery, Alabama
Key peopleMorris Dees, Director
IndustryCivil rights law
Websitewww.splcenter.org

The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) is an American non-profit legal organization, internationally known for its tolerance education programs, its legal victories against white supremacists and its tracking of hate groups. A non-profit organization ( abbreviated "NPO" also "not-for-profit" is a legally constituted Organization whose objective is to support or engage Year 1971 ( MCMLXXI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the 1971 Gregorian calendar. Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U Morris Seligman Dees Jr (born December 16 1936 is the co-founder and chief trial counsel for the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC and former direct mail marketeer For other uses of this term see Industry (disambiguation An industry (from Latin industrius, "diligent industrious" A website (alternatively web site or Web site, a back-construction from the Proper noun World Wide Web) is a collection of Web pages The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Center has been described as a "a controversial, liberal organization" [1] by columnist Thomas Edsall as it occasionally involves itself in broader issues such as the separation of church and state [2].

The Center is based in Montgomery, Alabama, in the Southern United States. Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive It was founded in 1971 by Morris Dees, Joseph J. Levin Jr., and civil rights leader Julian Bond as a civil rights law firm. Morris Seligman Dees Jr (born December 16 1936 is the co-founder and chief trial counsel for the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC and former direct mail marketeer Joe Levin, a co-founder of the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC with Morris Dees, worked as its Legal director from 1971 to 1976 Horace Julian Bonds (born January 14 1940) is an American leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. [3] In addition to free legal service to the victims of discrimination and hate crime, the Center publishes a quarterly Intelligence Report which investigates extremism and hate crimes in the United States. Extremism is a term used to describe the actions or ideologies of individuals or groups outside the perceived political center of a society or otherwise claimed to violate Hate crimes (also known as bias motivated crimes) occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain Social group, usually defined The Center has been criticized for its tactics and financial practices. [4]

Contents

History

The Southern Poverty Law Center was organized by Dees and Levin in 1971 during a desegregation case (Smith v. Desegregation is the process of ending Racial segregation, most commonly used in reference to the United States. Young Men's Christian Association[5]), as a law firm to handle anti-discrimination cases in the United States. The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man The organization's first president was Julian Bond, formerly of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. Horace Julian Bonds (born January 14 1940) is an American leader of the American Civil Rights Movement. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (or SNCC, pronounced "snick" was one of the principal organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement Bond served as president of the SPLC until 1979 and remains on its board of directors. In 1979 the Center brought the first of its many cases against the Ku Klux Klan. Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are In 1981 the Center began its "Klanwatch" (now "Hatewatch") project to monitor and track the activities of the KKK, which has been expanded to include seven other types of hate organizations. [6]

Southern Poverty Law Center Headquarters in Montgomery, Alabama.
Southern Poverty Law Center Headquarters in Montgomery, Alabama.

In July 1983 the Klan firebombed the center's office destroying the building and records. [7] Federal investigators said "the intruders went to work quickly, dousing files, desks and carpets with a petroleum based liquid, perhaps gasoline mixed with motor oil or diesel fuel and concentrating on the four corners of the 6,000-square-foot building. "[7] In February 1985 Klan members and a Klan sympathizer pled guilty to federal and state charges to the fire. [8] At the trial, "Joe M. Garner and Roy T. Downs Jr. , identified as klansmen, and Charles Bailey pleaded guilty to a two-count information charging them with conspiring to threaten, oppress and intimidate members of black organizations represented by the law center. "[8] Over 30 people have been jailed in connection with plots to kill Dees or blow up the center. [9]

That same year, Dees became the primary assassination target of The Order, a revolutionary white supremacist group, for his work with the SPLC. For other uses see The Order. The Order, also known as the Brüder Schweigen or Silent Brotherhood, was an organization [10] Radio host Alan Berg was killed by the group outside his Colorado home; he was the number two on its list. Alan Berg (January 1934 – June 18, 1984) was an American Attorney turned Radio talk show host in [11]

In 1987 the group won a case against the United Klans of America. United Klans of America was a Ku Klux Klan organization led by Robert Shelton, which peaked in popularity in the late 1960s [12] This included a $7 million judgment for the mother of Michael Donald, a black lynching victim in Alabama. Michael Donald ( July 24, 1962 &ndash March 20, 1981) was picked at random as the victim of a Lynching by two Ku Klux Klan [12] In 1987 the Klan again targeted Dees and planned to bomb the SPLC. [13]

The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama.
The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery, Alabama. The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery Alabama is a Memorial to 40 people who died in the struggle for equal and integrated treatment of people of European Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U

In 1989 the Center unveiled its Civil Rights Memorial designed by Maya Lin. The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery Alabama is a Memorial to 40 people who died in the struggle for equal and integrated treatment of people of European Maya Ying Lin ( born October 5, 1959) is an American Artist who has become known for her work in Sculpture and Landscape art [14] The Center's "Teaching Tolerance" project was initiated in 1991, and its "Klanwatch" program has gradually expanded to include other "anti-hate" monitoring projects and a list of reported "hate groups" in the United States.

In October 1990, the SPLC won $12. 5 million in damages against Tom Metzger and his White Aryan Resistance when a Portland, Oregon, jury held the neo-Nazi group liable in the beating death of an Ethiopian immigrant. Thomas Linton Metzger (born April 9 1938 is the founder of the White Aryan Resistance. The White Aryan Resistance ( WAR) is a Neo-Nazi White supremacist organization founded and led by former Ku Klux Klan leader Tom Metzger [15] While Meztger lost his home and will not be publishing any more material, the full amount of the multi-million dollar reward was not recovered. [16] In 1995 a group of four white males were indicted for plans to blow up the SPLC. [17]

A 1996 USA Today article claimed that the Southern Poverty Law Center is "the nation's richest civil rights organization", with $68 million in assets at the time. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. In Business and Accounting, assets are everything owned by a person or company (all tangible and intangible property that can be converted into cash. [18] Starting in 1971, the SPLC set aside money for its endowment in future programs, which is currently $111 million in order "to carry on the struggle for tolerance and justice — for as long as it is needed. A financial endowment is a Transfer of Money or Property donated to an Institution, usually with the stipulation that it be invested "[19]

In May 1998, three white supremacists were arrested for planning a nationwide campaign of assassinations and bombings targeting "Morris Dees, an undisclosed federal judge in Illinois, a black radio-show host in Missouri, Dees's Southern Poverty Law Center in Alabama, the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles, and the Anti-Defamation League in New York. The Simon Wiesenthal Center (often abbreviated SWC) with headquarters in Los Angeles The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop "[20] Several neo-Nazi groups held a rally in front of SPLC headquarters in early 2003. The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, [21]

In July 2007, the SPLC filed suit against the Imperial Klans of America (IKA) in Meade County, where in July 2006 five Klansmen savagely beat Jordan Gruver, a 16-year-old boy of Panamanian descent at a Kentucky county fair. The Imperial Klans of America Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a White supremacist organization styled after the original Ku Klux Klan. Meade County is the name of three counties in the United States: Meade County Kansas Meade County Kentucky [22] Since filing the suit the SPLC has received nearly a dozen threats "promising the most dangerous threat" ever faced. [22] A July 29 letter allegedly came from Hal Turner, a white supremacist talk show host. Events 1014 - Byzantine-Bulgarian Wars: Battle of Kleidion: Byzantine emperor Basil II inflicts a decisive defeat Harold "Hal" Turner is an American white nationalist and White supremacist from North Bergen New Jersey. [22]

Tolerance. org

The SPLC's initiatives include the website Tolerance.org. The website has been a past winner of a Webby Award which is a set of awards presented to the "world's best websites. "[23] The website houses multiple initiatives:

According to the SPLC "Teaching Tolerance provides educators with free educational materials that promote respect for differences and appreciation of diversity in the classroom and beyond. "[25]

"Teaching Tolerance" is aimed at two different age groups of students with separate materials for teachers and parents. One portion of the project targets elementary school children, providing informational material on the history of the civil rights movement. [26] The center's material for children includes a publication entitled "A fresh look at multicultural 'American English'" that explores the cultural history of common words. A project website designed for elementary school children includes an interactive program that allows users to "explore" political topics such as school mascots with Native American names, the Confederate flag, and popular music and entertainment. Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The Confederate States of America used several Flags during its existence from 1861 to 1865 It alleges that many of these highlighted events exhibit cases of racial, gender, and sexual orientation insensitivity. Gender comprises a range of differences between men and women extending from the biological to the social Sexual orientation is believed to refer to "an enduring pattern of emotional romantic and/or sexual attractions to men women or both sexes

A similar educational program aimed at teenagers in the middle and high school age groups includes a "Mix it Up" project urging readers to participate in various school activities that encourage interaction between different social groups. [27] Other features of the teenager educational project include political activism tips and reports highlighting examples of student activism. A monthly SPLC publication for teens promotes a highlighted political movement, normally focusing on minority, feminist, and LGBT youth organizations. Feminism is a discourse that involves various movements theories, and Philosophies which are concerned with the issue of Gender difference, advocate LGBT (also GLBT) is an initialism referring collectively to Lesbian, Gay, bisexual, and Transgender / transsexual The program also provides publications to students such as "Ways to fight hate on campus" suggesting ideas for community activism and diversity education. In the political arena the term diversity (or diverse is used to describe political entities (neighborhoods cities nations student bodies etc

"Teaching Tolerance" also provides advice and materials for parents aimed at encouraging multiculturalism in the upbringing of their children. The term multiculturalism generally refers to a state of racial, cultural and ethnic diversity within the Demographics of a specified [1] A guide published by the project urges parents to "examine the 'diversity profile' for your children's friends," move to "integrated and economically diverse neighborhoods," and discourage children from playing with toys or adopting heroes that "promote violence. " The publication also advises parents on the use of culturally sensitive language such as promoting gender-neutral phrasings such as "Someone Special Day" instead of the traditional Mothers Day or Fathers Day and urges them to ensure "cultural diversity reflected in your home's artwork, music and literature. Mother's Day is a day honoring Mothers celebrated on various days in many places around the world Father's Day is a celebration inaugurated in the early twentieth century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating Fatherhood and male Parenting, and "

Documentaries

The SPLC also produces documentary films. Documentary film is a broad category of visual expression that is based on the attempt in one fashion or another to " Document " reality Two have won Academy Awards for documentary short subject: "Mighty Times: The Children's March," in 2005[2], and "A Time for Justice, America's Civil Rights Movement" in 1995. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. [3] Five others have been nominated.

Notable cases

The Southern Poverty Law Center provides free legal services to the victims of hate crime, and has won many notable civil cases with large money awards for the plaintiffs. Civil law, as opposed to Criminal law, refers to that branch of Law dealing with disputes between Individuals and/or Organizations, in which [28][29] In addition to providing free magazines and videos on race relations to more than 50,000 schools, Dees and the SPLC "have been credited with devising innovative legal ways to cripple hate groups, including seizing their assets. "[30]

The first SPLC case was filed against the Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in Montgomery, Alabama who "continued to segregate children, going so far as to ban kids who swam at an integrated pool from city-wide meets. The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man Montgomery (məntˈgəmɜriː is the Capital, second most populous city and the 4th most populous metropolitan area in the Southern U " In 1969, the YMCA refused to allow two African American children to its summer camp, and the SPLC sued on behalf of the children's parents. [31] In the course of SPLC's lawsuit, Dees "uncovered a secret 1958 agreement between the city and the YMCA in which city officials gave the YMCA control of many city recreational activities. "[31] In 1972 the court ruled that Montgomery had given the YMCA control with a "municipal character," and "ordered the YMCA to stop its discriminatory, segregationist practices. "[31]

In 1981 the SPLC took the Klan to court to stop racial harassment and intimidation against Vietnamese fisherman. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially [32][33] In May 1981 the courts sided with the Vietnamese fisherman and the SPLC, forcing the Klan to end harassment. [34] Also in 1981 the SPLC won a case which "ordered an Alabama county to pay salaries to the staff of its first black probate judge, continuing a practice that, in violation of state law, had been in use for more than two decades. "[35]

An inflammatory cartoon that was used as evidence in the civil trial resulting from Michael Donald's murder.
An inflammatory cartoon that was used as evidence in the civil trial resulting from Michael Donald's murder. Michael Donald ( July 24, 1962 &ndash March 20, 1981) was picked at random as the victim of a Lynching by two Ku Klux Klan

In 1987 the SPLC successfully brought a civil case, on behalf of the victims family, against the United Klans of America (UKA) for the 1981 lynching of Michael Donald, a nineteen year old black man in Mobile, Alabama. United Klans of America was a Ku Klux Klan organization led by Robert Shelton, which peaked in popularity in the late 1960s Michael Donald ( July 24, 1962 &ndash March 20, 1981) was picked at random as the victim of a Lynching by two Ku Klux Klan [36] Unable to come up the $7 million awarded by the jury, the UKA were forced to turn over its national headquarters to Donald's mother, who then sold it and used the money to purchase her first house. [37]

On November 13, 1988 three white supremacists who were members of East Side White Pride and White Aryan Resistance beat Mulugeta Seraw, an Ethiopian man who came to the United States to attend college, to death. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) The White Aryan Resistance ( WAR) is a Neo-Nazi White supremacist organization founded and led by former Ku Klux Klan leader Tom Metzger Mulugeta Seraw ( October 21, 1960 in Debre Tabor - November 13, 1988) was an Ethiopian student and father who went to the NOTE This intro is the result of careful NPOV work Please do not make potentially controversial edits to it without first discussing on the talk page [38] In October 1990 the SPLC won a civil case on behalf of the deceased's family against WAR's operator Tom Metzger and Tom's son, John Metzger for a total of $12. Thomas Linton Metzger (born April 9 1938 is the founder of the White Aryan Resistance. 5 million. [39][40] The SPLC does not charge for their work, and Seraw did not share any money won with the SPLC because the Metzger's did not have millions, but rather the family only received assets from the Metzger's $125,000 house and a few thousand dollars. [41] The Metzgers declared bankrupcty, and WAR went out of business. The cost of trial, in the hundreds of thousands of dollars[42] was absorbed by the SPLC and the Anti-Defamation League. The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop [43] Metzger still makes payments to Seraw's family. [44]

In May 1991 Harold Mansfield Jr. , a black sailor / war veteran in the United States Navy, was murdered by a member of the neo-Nazi Church of the Creator (now called the Creativity Movement) (COTC). The Creativity Movement was a term originally coined by Ben Klassen as a descriptive phrase encompassing all adherents of the religion known as Creativity, whether SPLC represented the victim's family in a civil case winning a judgement of $1 million from the church in March 1994. [45] However, the church transferred ownership to William Pierce, head of the National Alliance, to avoid money being paid to Mansfield's heirs; the SPLC filed suit against Pierce for his role in the fraudulent scheme, and won an $85,000 judgment in 1995. William Luther Pierce III ( September 11 1933 &ndash July 23 2002) was the leader of the White separatist National Alliance The National Alliance is a White nationalist and White separatist Radical political organization [46] The amount was upheld on appeal and the money was collected prior to Pierce's death in 2002. [46] According to a former member of the Alliance when SPLC sued Pierce was worried it would be the end of the hate group. [47]

The SPLC won a $37. 8 million verdict for Macedonia Baptist Church,a 100-year-old black church in Manning, South Carolina, against two Ku Klux Klan chapters and five Klansmen (Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan and Invisible Empire, Inc. Manning is a city in Clarendon County, South Carolina, United States. ) in July 1998. [48] The money was awarded stemming from arson convictions in which the Klan burned down the historic black church in 1995. [49] Morris Dees told the press, "If we put the Christian Knights out of business, what's that worth? We don't look at what we can collect. It's what the jury thinks this egregious conduct is worth that matters, along with the message it sends. "[50] According to the Washington Post the amount is the "largest-ever civil award for damages in a hate crime case. The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D "[50]

In September 2000 the SPLC won a $6. 3 million judgment against the Aryan Nations from an Idaho jury who awarded punitive and compensatory damages to a woman and her son who were attacked by Aryan Nations guards. Aryan Nation (AN is a White Nationalist Neo-Nazi organization which was founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity [51] The lawsuit stemmed from the July 1998 attack when security guards at the Aryan Nations compound in Idaho shot at Victoria Keenan and her son. [52] Bullets struck their car several times then the car crashed and an Aryan Nations member held the Keenans at gunpoint. [52] As a result of the judgement, Richard Butler turned over the 20-acre compound to the Keenans who then sold the property to a philanthropist who subsequently donated it to North Idaho College, which designated the land as a "peace park. Richard Girnt Butler ( February 23, 1918 - September 8, 2004) was an American aerospace engineer for Lockheed turned North Idaho College (NIC is a comprehensive Community college with over 4000 students located in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho, at the north end of Lake "[53]

Ten Commandments monument commissioned by Roy Moore.
Ten Commandments monument commissioned by Roy Moore. The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American Jurist and Republican Politician noted for his refusal as the

In 2002 the SPLC and the American Civil Liberties Union filed suit against Alabama Supreme Court justice Roy Moore for authorizing a two ton display of the Ten Commandments on public property. The American Civil Liberties Union ( ACLU) consists of two separate Non-profit organizations the ACLU Foundation a 501(c(3 organization which focuses The Supreme Court of Alabama is the highest court in the state of Alabama. Roy Stewart Moore (born February 11, 1947) is an American Jurist and Republican Politician noted for his refusal as the The Ten Commandments, or Decalogue, are a list of religious and moral imperatives that according to Judeo-Christian tradition were authored by God and given [54] Moore, late at night and without telling any other court justice, had installed a 5,280 pound (2400 kg) granite block, three feet wide by three feet deep by four feet tall, of the Ten Commandments. Granite (ˈɡrænɪt is a common and widely occurring type of intrusive, Felsic, igneous rock. [55] After refusing to obey several court rulings Moore was eventually removed from the court, and the statue was removed as well.

On April 20, 2007 a civil jury in Linden, Texas awarded $9 million in damages to Billy Ray Johnson, a mentally disabled black man, who was beaten and dumped along a desolate road by four white men in September 2003. Linden is a city in Cass County, Texas, United States. The population was 2256 at the 2000 census The lawsuit was brought on Johnson's behalf by the SPLC. [56] Four white males took Johnson to a party where has was knocked unconscious then dropped on his head, referred to as a nigger, and left in a ditch bleeding. Nigger is a Noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a derogatory context to refer to Black people, and also as an informal [57] Due to the event, "Johnson, 46, who suffered serious, permanent brain injuries from the attack, will require care for the rest of his life. "[58] At a criminal trial the four men received sentences of 30 to 60 days in county jail. [59] The jury hoped that the verdict would improve race relations in the community stemming from a United States Department of Education investigation and other controversial verdicts. The United States Department of Education (also referred to as ED, for Education Department is a Cabinet -level department of the United States During the trial one of the defendants, Cory Hicks, referred to Johnson as "it". [60]

In July 2007 the SPLC filed suit on behalf of Jordan Gruver and his mother against the Imperial Klans of America (IKA) in Meade County, Kentucky where in July 2006, five Klansmen savagely beat Gruver, a 16-year-old boy of Panamanian descent, at a Kentucky county fair. The Imperial Klans of America Knights of the Ku Klux Klan is a White supremacist organization styled after the original Ku Klux Klan. Meade County is a County located in the US state of Kentucky. [61] According to the lawsuit, five Klan members went to the Meade County Fairgrounds in Brandenburg, Kentucky, "to hand out business cards and flyers advertising a 'white-only' IKA function. Brandenburg is a city in Meade County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River. "[61] Then, unprovoked two members of the Klan started calling the 16-year-old boy of Panamanian descent a "spic". [61] Subsequently, the boy, (5-foot-3 and weighing 150 pounds) was beaten and kicked by the Klansmen (one of whom was 6-foot-5 and 300 pounds). As a result of the beating, the victim received "two cracked ribs, a broken left forearm, multiple cuts and bruises and jaw injuries requiring extensive dental repair. "[61] In February 2007, Jarred Hensley and Andrew Watkins were sentenced to three years in prison for beating Gruver. [62]

Intelligence Report

The SPLC's Intelligence Project monitors hate groups and extremists in the United States with their Intelligence Report. [63] The report is published quarterly since 1981 and provides information regarding organizational efforts and tactics of hate groups. In addition to the Report, the SPLC publishes HateWatch Weekly that follows racism and extremism. [64]

"Hate group" listings

Main article: List of purported hate groups

The SPLC says "All hate groups have beliefs or practices that attack or malign an entire class of people, typically for their immutable characteristics. . . . Listing here does not imply that a group advocates or engages in violence or other criminal activity. "[65] The SPLC categorizes these groups as black separatist (such as the Nation of Islam), Ku Klux Klan, neo-Nazi, Christian Identity, racist skinhead, neo-Confederate, and other. Black separatism is a movement to create separate institutions for Black people in societies historically dominated by whites particularly the United States. The Nation of Islam ( NOI) (أمة الإسلام Ummah al-Islāmu) is a group founded in Detroit, Michigan, Ku Klux Klan ( KKK) is the name of several past and present secret domestic terrorist organizations in the United States, generally in the southern states that are The term neo-Nazism refers to post- World War II Political movements Social movements and ideologies seeking to revive Nazism, For the general identity of an individual with certain core essential religious doctrines see Christianity. White power skinheads are a racist, and often also anti-semitic, offshoot of the Skinhead Subculture that originated in Great Britain The term neo-Confederate describes a political and/or cultural movement based mainly in the U Some organizations described by the SPLC as hate groups object to this characterization, particularly those in the other category. As of 2005, there were 161 organizations in the United States categorized as other. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [66] As of 2008, several of these have been moved into new categories, such as "Racist Music" and "Anti-Immigrant".

Neo-Confederate movement

The Southern Poverty Law Center is the principal group reporting on the neo-Confederate movement. The term neo-Confederate describes a political and/or cultural movement based mainly in the U A 2000 special report by the SPLC's Mark Potok in their magazine, Intelligence Report, describes a number of groups as neo-Confederate. Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally The SPLC has also carried subsequent articles on the neo-Confederate movement. "Lincoln Reconstructed" published in 2003 in the Intelligence Report focuses on the resurgent demonization of Abraham Lincoln in the southern United States. Abraham Lincoln (February 12 1809 &ndash April 15 1865 the sixteenth President of the United States, successfully led his country through its greatest internal The Southern United States &mdashcommonly referred to as the American South, Dixie, or simply the South &mdashconstitutes a large distinctive [67] The article quotes Father Alister Anderson, national chaplain of the Sons of Confederate Veterans as giving an invocation which recalled "the last real Christian civilization on Earth", and also denounced "hypocrites and bigots", who dismiss "the righteous cause for which our ancestors fought. A chaplain is typically a Priest, Pastor, ordained Deacon, Rabbi, Imam or other member of the Clergy serving a group of Sons of Confederate Veterans ( SCV) is an organization "[67] In the SPLC article "Whitewashing the Confederacy", George Ewert claimed that Gods and Generals presented a false, pro-Confederate view of history. Gods and Generals is a 2003 Film based on the novel Gods and Generals by Jeffrey Shaara. [68] David Horowitz's Front Page Magazine responded, as part of what is known as the David Horowitz Freedom Center controversy. David Joel Horowitz (born January 10, 1939) is an American conservative writer and activist FrontPage Magazine (also known as FRONTPAGEMAGCOM) is an online conservative political magazine edited by David Horowitz and is published The Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC) is an American Non-profit legal organization internationally known for its tolerance education programs its legal The David Horowitz Freedom Center itself was identified as a neo-Confederate group by the SPLC. [69]

The Southern Legal Resource Center (SLRC) has been identified by the SPLC as a neo-Confederate organization, and it was criticised for misleading its supporters in order to get donations. The Southern Legal Resource Center (SLRC is a non-profit foundation which offers legal support to victims of Discrimination or other averse actions related to [70] The SLRC was criticized because its founder, Kirk D. Lyons' pre-SLRC defended controversial far right figures such as Tom Metzger and members of Aryan Nations. Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or quantitative position a group Thomas Linton Metzger (born April 9 1938 is the founder of the White Aryan Resistance. Aryan Nation (AN is a White Nationalist Neo-Nazi organization which was founded in the 1970s by Richard Girnt Butler as an arm of the Christian Identity [71]

Controversy and criticisms

The SPLC has attracted controversy surrounding its methods of identifying and monitoring "hate groups", allegedly exaggerating the level of threat from such groups. In the wake of harsh criticism, SPLC has received dozens of death/bomb threats. [72] The SPLC was described by Thomas Edsall of the Washington Post in 1998 as a "a controversial, liberal organization that tracks conservative militia and 'patriot' organizations" that has uncovered much information on extremist groups. Thomas Byrne Edsall (born August 22 1941 is an American Journalist and Academic, best known for his 25 years at the Washington Post The Washington Post is the largest and most circulated Newspaper in Washington D The Christian Patriot movement is a movement of American political commentators and activists [1] Groups, such as the Council of Conservative Citizens (CCC), claim the SPLC's criticism that the CCC is tied to "White Supremacists" is inaccurate. The Council of Conservative Citizens ( CofCC) is an American Right-wing organization that supports a large variety of conservative causes along with [1]

Professors of sociology Betty A. Sociology (from Latin: socius "companion" and the suffix -ology "the study of" from Greek λόγος lógos "knowledge" Dobratz, PhD (Iowa State University) and Stephanie L. The Iowa State University of Science and Technology, more commonly known as Iowa State University (ISU is a public land-grant and space-grant university Shanks-Meile, PhD (University of Nebraska-Lincoln), authors of The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride” wrote about SPLC and several other “watchdog” groups: “What the ‘watchdog’ groups focus on is at least partially influenced by the fact that these organizations depend on public financial support, and the public is likely to contribute to groups that they perceive are struggling against some major threat to America. We relied on SPLC and ADL reports for general information, but we have noticed differences between ways events have been reported and what we saw at rallies. The Southern Poverty Law Center ( SPLC) is an American Non-profit legal organization internationally known for its tolerance education programs its legal The Anti-Defamation League ( ADL) is an Interest group founded in 1913 by B'nai B'rith in the United States whose stated aim is "to stop For instance, events were sometimes portrayed in Klanwatch Intelligence Reports as more militant and dangerous with higher turnouts than we observed. ”[73]

Fundraising criticism

From February 12 through 14, 1994, a series in the Montgomery Advertiser by Dan Morse alleged that the Southern Poverty Law Center practiced financial mismanagement, poor management practices and misleading fundraising practices. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. The newspaper summarized its investigation as producing evidence of "a complex portrait of a wealthy civil rights organization essentially controlled by one man: Morris Dees. "[74] The paper took a random sampling of donors, and found out that the average donor did not know the Center was so well funded. [75] Yet the articles were not all negative, with the authors noting "Other Law Center lawsuits forced cotton mills to improve conditions for workers" and the Center "developed new strategies for defending suspects on death row. "[76] In response to the criticism, Joe Levin told the paper: "The Advertiser's lack of interest in the center's programs and its obsessive interest in the center's financial affairs and Mr. Dees' personal life makes it obvious to me that the Advertiser simply wants to smear the center and Mr. A smear campaign, smear tactic or simply smear is a Metaphor for activity that can harm an individual or group's reputation by conflation with Dees. "[77] The SPLC investigative series was a finalist for a 1995 Pulitzer Prize. Year 1995 ( MCMXCV) was a Common year starting on Sunday. Events of 1995 The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, [78] A 1996 article reported Stephen Bright of the Southern Center for Human Rights stated that Dees "is a fraud who has milked a lot of very wonderful well-intentioned people. Stephen Bright (born 1947 is president and senior counsel for the Southern Center for Human Rights and teaches at Harvard University and Yale University Law Schools The Southern Center for Human Rights is a Non-profit public interest law firm dedicated to enforcing the civil and Human rights of people in the criminal If it's got headlines, Morris is there. "[18] Yet, more recently in 2007 the Montgomery Advertiser has praised the SPLC efforts for helping to teach tolerance in schools. [79]

In November 2000, Harper's Magazine published an article titled "The Church of Morris Dees" by Ken Silverstein, which was critical of the SPLC. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts Ken Silverstein is the Washington Editor for Harper's Magazine. [80] In it Silverstein wrote "Morris Dees doesn't need your financial support" because "the SPLC is already the wealthiest 'civil rights' group in America. " Furthermore, Silverstein claimed "Back in 1978, when the Center had less than $10 million," but then it sought 50 million dollars and again "upped the bar to $100 million" to allow the Center "to cease the costly and often unreliable task of fund raising. " However, in 2000 "the SPLC's treasury bulges with $120 million, and it spends twice as much on fund-raising — $5. 76 million last year — as it does on legal services for victims of civil rights abuses. " In fact, Silverstein cited the American Institute of Philanthropy who in 2000 gave "the center one of the worst ratings of any group it monitors, estimating that the SPLC could operate for 4. The American Institute of Philanthropy (AIP is a 501(c(3 nonprofit organization that was created by Daniel Borochoff in 1992 to address the continuing need for 6 years without making another tax-exempt nickel from its investments or raising another tax-deductible cent from well-meaning 'people like you'. "

The charity evaluation organization Charity Navigator gives SPLC an overall rating of three out of four stars. Charity Navigator is an independent non-profit organization that evaluates American charities. [81] According to Charity Navigator: program expenses are 66. 4%, administrative expenses are 16. 9%, and fundraising is 16. 6%. [82] The Center states that "During its last fiscal year, the Center spent approximately 65% of its total expenses on program services. The Center also placed a portion of its income into a special, board-designated endowment fund to support the Center's future work. At the end of the fiscal year, the endowment stood at $120. 6 million. "[83]

References

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  2. ^ "Ten Commandments judge removed from office", CNN, November 14, 2003. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  3. ^ "Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups", CNN, September 8, 2000. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  4. ^ "Attacking a Home-Town Icon" Jim Tharpe, Nieman Watchdog 1995.
  5. ^ "Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association", Southern Poverty Law Center, June 11, 1969. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  6. ^ "Active U.S. Hate Groups in 2006", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  7. ^ a b "Fire Damages Alabama Center that Battles the Klan", New York Times, July 31, 1983. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  8. ^ a b "2 Klan Members Plead Guilty To Arson", New York Times, February 21, 1985.  
  9. ^ Klass, Kym. "Southern Poverty Law Center beefs up security", Montgomery Advertiser, August 17, 2007. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  10. ^ "Death List Names Given to US Jury", New York Times, September 17, 1985.  
  11. ^ "Jury Told of Plan to Kill Radio Host", New York Times, November 8, 1987.  
  12. ^ a b "The Nation Klan Must Pay $7 Million", Los Angeles Times, February 13, 1987. The Los Angeles Times (also known as the LA Times) is a daily Newspaper published in Los Angeles California and distributed Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  13. ^ "Five Tied to Klan Indicted on Arms Charges", New York Times, January 9, 1987. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  14. ^ "Monument Maker", New York Times, February 24, 1991. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  15. ^ "Metzger Leaves Former Home A Mess, but its Undamaged", The Oregonian, September 19, 1991. The Oregonian is the major daily Newspaper in Portland Oregon, owned by Advance Publications.  
  16. ^ "Metzger Home Worth Only A Tiny Fraction of $12. 5 Million Sum", The Oregonian, August 28, 1991. The Oregonian is the major daily Newspaper in Portland Oregon, owned by Advance Publications.  
  17. ^ "4 Are Accused in Oklahoma of Bomb Plot", New York Times, November 14, 1995. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  18. ^ a b Andrea Stone, "Morris Dees: At the Center of the Racial Storm," USA Today, August 3, 1996, A-7
  19. ^ "Endowment Supports Center's Future Work", Southern Poverty Law Center, June 2003. Events 8 - Roman Empire General Tiberius defeats Dalmatians on the river Bathinus. Year 1996 ( MCMXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  20. ^ "Group is accused of plotting assassinations, bombings. 2 others will plead guilty Thursday. " St Louis Post-Dispatch (MO) (May 13, 1998): pB1. The St Louis Post-Dispatch is the only major city-wide Newspaper in St
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  22. ^ a b c Klass, Kym. "Southern Poverty Law Center beefs up security", Montgomery Advertiser, August 17, 2007. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  23. ^ "Tolerance.org: About us", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  24. ^ "Teaching Tolerance", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  25. ^ "About Teaching Tolerance", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  26. ^ "Planet Tolerance", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  27. ^ "Mix it up:Our Story", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  28. ^ "Bringing the Klan to Court," Newsweek, May 28, 1984
  29. ^ "Two Sides of the Contemporary South: Racial Incidents and Black Progress", New York Times, November 21, 1989. Newsweek is an American weekly Newsmagazine published in New York City. Events 164 BC - Judas Maccabaeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family restores the Temple in Jerusalem. Year 1989 ( MCMLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  30. ^ Sack, Kevin. "Conversations/Morris Dees; A Son of Alabama Takes On Americans Who Live to Hate", New York Times, May 12, 1996. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  31. ^ a b c "Smith v. Young Men's Christian Association", Southern Poverty Law Center, June 11, 1969. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  32. ^ "Klan Inflames Gulf Fishing Fight Between Whites and Vietnamese", New York Times, April 25, 1981. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  33. ^ "Klan Official is Accused of Intimidation", New York Times, May 2, 1981. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  34. ^ "Judge Issues Ban on Klan Threat to Vietnamese", New York Times, May 15, 1981. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  35. ^ "Black Judge in Alabama Wins Staff Salary Case", New York Times, December 29, 1981. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  36. ^ "Donald v. United Klans of America", Southern Poverty Law Center, 1988. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  37. ^ "Paying Damages For a Lynching", New York Times, February 21, 1988. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  38. ^ "Lawyer makes racists pay", USA Today, October 24, 1990. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  39. ^ The jury divided the judgement against the defendants as follows: Kyle Brewster, $500,000; Ken Mieske, $500,000;, John Metzger, $1 million; WAR, $3 million; Tom Metzger, $5 million; in addition, the jury awarded $2. 5 million for Mulugeta's unrealized future earnings and pain and suffering.
  40. ^ "Sending a $12.5 Million Message to a Hate Group", New York Times, October 26, 1990. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  41. ^ "Assets of White Supremacist Are Target of Legal Maneuver", New York Times, December 25, 1990. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  42. ^ Morris Dees and Steve Fiffer. Hate on Trial: The Case Against America's Most Dangerous Neo-Nazi. Villard Books, 1993. page 116
  43. ^ Morris Dees and Steve Fiffer. Hate on Trial: The Case Against America's Most Dangerous Neo-Nazi. Villard Books, 1993. page 277
  44. ^ "Hate-crime case award will be hard to collect, experts say", The Press-Enterprise, August 24, 2007. The Press-Enterprise is a newspaper that serves the Inland Empire in Southern California. Retrieved on 2007-08-25. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the  
  45. ^ "Mansfield v. Church of the Creator", Southern Poverty Law Center, 03/07/1994. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  46. ^ a b "Mansfield v. Pierce", Southern Poverty Law Center, 03/07/1994. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  47. ^ "Inside the Alliance", Southern Poverty Law Center, Winter 1999. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  48. ^ "Klan Must Pay $37 Million for Inciting Church Fire", New York Times, July 25, 1998. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  49. ^ "Macedonia v. Christian Knights of the Ku Klux Klan", Southern Poverty Law Center, June 7, 1996. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  50. ^ a b "Klan Chapters Held Liable in Church Fire; Jury Awards $37. 8 Million in Damages," Washington Post July 25, 1998
  51. ^ "Attorney Morris Dees pioneer in using 'damage litigation' to fight hate groups", CNN, September 8, 2000. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  52. ^ a b "Keenan v. Aryan Nations", Southern Poverty Law Center, 2000. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  53. ^ "Richard G. Butler, 86, Dies; Founder of the Aryan Nations", New York Times, September 9, 2004. Retrieved on 2007-08-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 392 - Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor.  
  54. ^ "Ten Commandments judge removed from office", CNN, November 14, 2003. Cable News Network, usually referred to by its Initialism CNN, is a major English language Television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  55. ^ Glassroth v. Moore (PDF) (M. D. Ala. 2002).
  56. ^ "Center Wins Justice for Billy Ray Johnson", Southern Poverty Law Center, April 20, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  57. ^ "The Beating of Billy Ray Johnson", Texas Monthly, February 2007. Texas Monthly is a monthly American Magazine published in Austin, Texas. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  58. ^ "Johnson v. Amox et al.", Southern Poverty Law Center, 09/19/2005. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  59. ^ "Ex-jailer denies part in assault cover-up", Texarkana Gazette, April 19, 2007. The Texarkana Gazette is a daily Newspaper founded in 1875 and currently owned by WEHCO Media Inc Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  60. ^ "A jury's stand against racism reflects hope", USA Today, April 26, 2007. USA TODAY is a national American daily Newspaper published by the Gannett Company. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  61. ^ a b c d "Jordan Gruver and Cynthia Gruver vs. Imperial Klans of America", Southern Poverty Law Center, July 25, 2007. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  62. ^ "Reputed Klan leader denies role in Meade Co. beating", Louisville Courier-Journal, August 15, 2007. The Courier-Journal, nicknamed the "C-J", is the main Newspaper for the city of Louisville Kentucky, USA Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  63. ^ Intelligence Report. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
  64. ^ Hatewatch Weekly. Southern Poverty Law Center. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated
  65. ^ SPLCenter.org: Hate Groups Map
  66. ^ SPLCenter.org: Hate Groups Map
  67. ^ a b "Lincoln Reconstructed", Southern Poverty Law Center, Summer 2003. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  68. ^ "Whitewashing the Confederacy", Southern Poverty Law Center, Summer 2003. Retrieved on 2007-09-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 96 - Nerva is proclaimed Roman Emperor after Domitian is assassinated  
  69. ^ "Into the Mainstream", Southern Poverty Law Center, Spring 2003. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  70. ^ "Cashing in on the Confederacy", Southern Poverty Law Center, Spring 2003. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  71. ^ "In the Lyons Den: Kirk Lyons, a white supremacist lawyer whose clients have been a 'Who's Who' of the radical right", Southern Poverty Law Center, Summer 2000. Retrieved on 2007-08-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli  
  72. ^ "SPLC beefs up security", Associated Press, August 14, 2007. The Associated Press ( AP) is an American News agency. The AP is a Cooperative owned by its contributing Newspapers radio Retrieved on 2007-11-18. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 326 - The old St Peter's Basilica is consecrated 1302 - Pope Boniface VIII issues the Papal bull  
  73. ^ Betty A. Dobratz, Stephanie L. Shanks-Meile, The White Separatist Movement in the United States: "White Power, White Pride!", The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000, 1-3. The Johns Hopkins University Press is a Publishing house and division of Johns Hopkins University that engages in publishing journals and books
  74. ^ Dan Morse. "A complex man: Opportunist or crusader?", Montgomery Advertiser, February 14 1994
  75. ^ Dan Morse and Greg Jaffe. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. "Critics question $52 million reserve, tactics of wealthiest civil rights group", Montgomery Advertiser, February 14 1994
  76. ^ Dan Morse and Greg Jaffe. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. "Critics question $52 million reserve, tactics of wealthiest civil rights group", Montgomery Advertiser, February 14 1994
  77. ^ Dan Morse and Greg Jaffe. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. "Critics question $52 million reserve, tactics of wealthiest civil rights group", Montgomery Advertiser, February 13 1994, page 15A
  78. ^ Panel Discussion: Nonprofit Organizations
  79. ^ "SPLC teaching materials earn top honor from education publishers", Montgomery Advertiser, June 20, 2007
  80. ^ Ken Silverstein, "The Church of Morris Dees," Harper's Magazine, 1 November, 2000, No. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. The Montgomery Advertiser is a daily Newspaper located in Montgomery Alabama. Harper's Magazine (also Harper's) is a monthly general-interest Magazine of literature politics culture finance and the arts 1806, Vol. 301; Pg. 54 ; ISSN: 0017-789X.
  81. ^ Charity Navigator Rating - Southern Poverty Law Center
  82. ^ Charity Navigator Rating - Southern Poverty Law Center
  83. ^ SPLC Financial Information

External links

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