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Soft Machine
Group photo circa 1970:Elton Dean, Mike Ratledge, Robert Wyatt, Hugh Hopper
Group photo circa 1970:
Elton Dean, Mike Ratledge, Robert Wyatt, Hugh Hopper
Background information
Also known asThe Soft Machine
OriginCanterbury, England, United Kingdom
Genre(s)Psychedelic rock, progressive rock, jazz fusion
Years active1966 - 1984
Label(s)ABC Probe, Columbia, Harvest, EMI
Associated actsCaravan, Syd Barrett, Matching Mole, Nucleus, Gong, Soft Works, Isotope, Gary Boyle, Adiemus, Soft Machine Legacy, Soft Heap, Soft Head, Soft Bounds, Karl Jenkins & Mike Ratledge
Former members
Daevid Allen
Kevin Ayers
Elton Dean
Hugh Hopper
Mike Ratledge
Robert Wyatt
Roy Babbington
John Etheridge
Karl Jenkins
John Marshall
Steve Cook
Marc Charig
Lyn Dobson
Nick Evans
Jimmy Hastings
Allan Holdsworth
Brian Hopper
Ric Sanders
Alan Skidmore
Rab Spall
Andy Summers
Alan Wakeman

The Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S. Burroughs. Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Psychedelic rock is a style of Rock music that attempts to replicate the mind-altering experiences of hallucinogenic drugs. Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music ABC Records started in 1955 as ABC-Paramount Records the record label of Am-Par Record Corporation (a subsidiary of American Broadcasting-Paramount Theatres Probe Records was a sub-label of ABC-Paramount Records. It was started in 1968 as their label for Psychedelic rock and Progressive rock Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Harvest Records was a Record label created by EMI in 1969 to promote Progressive rock music and to compete with Philips' Vertigo and The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in Caravan are an English band from the Canterbury area founded by former Wilde Flowers members David Sinclair, Richard Sinclair Syd Barrett (born Roger Keith Barrett; 6 January 1946 - 7 July 2006 was an English singer songwriter guitarist and artist Matching Mole was a UK Progressive rock band from the Canterbury scene best known for the song "O Caroline" Nucleus were a pioneering Jazz-rock band from Britain who continued in different forms from 1969 to 1985 Gong is a progressive / Psychedelic rock band formed by Australian Musician Daevid Allen. Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S Isotope were a British Jazz-rock band based around Guitarist Gary Boyle. Adiemus (ædiˈeɪməs is the title of a series of albums by British composer Karl Jenkins. Soft Machine was an English rock band from Canterbury, named after the book The Soft Machine by William S Soft Heap was a Canterbury scene supergroup founded in January 1978 Soft Heap was a Canterbury scene supergroup founded in January 1978 Daevid Allen (born January 13, 1938 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian Poet, Guitarist, Singer, Kevin Ayers (born 16 August 1944 in Herne Bay, Kent) is an English Songwriter and major influential force in the English Elton Dean ( October 28 1945 &ndash February 8 2006) was a Jazz musician who performed on alto Saxophone, Saxello Hugh C Hopper (born 29 April 1945, Canterbury, Kent, England) is a Progressive rock / ( fusion) Jazz Michael R "Mike" Ratledge (born April 1 1943 is a British musician Robert Wyatt (born Robert Wyatt-Ellidge, 28 January 1945 in Bristol) is an English Musician, and founding member of the influential Roy Babbington (born 8 July 1940 in Kempston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, England) is a rock and Jazz John Michael Glyn Etheridge (born 12 January 1948 in Lambeth, South East London) is a british Jazz Dr Karl William Jenkins OBE DMus FRAM ARAM LRAM FWCMD FTCC (born February 17, 1944) is a Welsh musician and composer John Stanley Marshall, better known as John Marshall, born 28 August 1941 in Isleworth, Middlesex, is an English Drummer. Mark Charig (born 22 February 1944 in London) is a British trumpeter and cornetist. Nicholas 'Nick' Evans born January, 1947 in Newport Monmouthshire. James Brian Gordon 'Jimmy' Hastings (born 12 May 1938, in Aberdeen, Scotland is a British professional musician associated with the Canterbury scene Allan Holdsworth (born August 6, 1946 in Bradford, West Yorkshire) is a British Jazz / rock Guitarist Brian Hopper (born January 3 1943, in Canterbury, Kent) is a British guitarist and saxophonist and brother of bassist Hugh Hopper Richard 'Ric' Sanders (born 8 December 1952, in Birmingham, Warwickshire) is a British violinist who has played in jazz-rock Folk rock Alan Skidmore (born Alan Richard James Skidmore, 21 April 1942, London) is a tenor saxophonist of Jazz and Blues Andy Summers (born Andrew James Somers 31 December 1942) is an English guitarist and composer best known for his work in The Police Alan Wakeman (born 13 October 1947, in Hammersmith, West London) is a saxophonist known for his work in Soft Machine during 1976 England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland Rock music is a genre of Popular music often though not necessarily employing Electric guitar, Bass guitar, and Drums. Canterbury ( ˈkæntəbɹ̩i is a City in eastern Kent in the South East region of England. The Soft Machine is the title of a Novel by William S Burroughs, first published in 1961 and was Burroughs' first novel after the groundbreaking William Seward Burroughs II ( – ˈbʌroʊz was an American Novelist, Essayist, Social critic, painter and Spoken word They were one of the central bands in the Canterbury scene, and helped pioneer the progressive rock genre. The Canterbury scene (or Canterbury sound) is a term used to loosely describe the group of Progressive rock, Avant-garde and jazz musicians many of whom Progressive rock (often shortened to " progressive " " prog " or " prog rock " is a form of Rock music that evolved

Contents

History

Beginnings, Psychedelic, Jazz fusion

The Soft Machine was formed in 1966 by Robert Wyatt (drums, vocals), Kevin Ayers (bass, guitar, vocals), Daevid Allen (guitar) and Mike Ratledge (organ) plus, for the first few gigs only, American guitarist Larry Nowlin. Robert Wyatt (born Robert Wyatt-Ellidge, 28 January 1945 in Bristol) is an English Musician, and founding member of the influential Kevin Ayers (born 16 August 1944 in Herne Bay, Kent) is an English Songwriter and major influential force in the English Daevid Allen (born January 13, 1938 in Melbourne, Australia) is an Australian Poet, Guitarist, Singer, Michael R "Mike" Ratledge (born April 1 1943 is a British musician Allen, Wyatt and future bassist Hugh Hopper had played in the Daevid Allen Trio, occasionally accompanied by Ratledge. Hugh C Hopper (born 29 April 1945, Canterbury, Kent, England) is a Progressive rock / ( fusion) Jazz Wyatt, Ayers and Hopper had been founding members of the Wilde Flowers, later incarnations of which would include future members of another Canterbury band, Caravan. The Wilde Flowers was a popular music group based in the vicinity of Canterbury, England, during Late 1964- June 1967 Caravan are an English band from the Canterbury area founded by former Wilde Flowers members David Sinclair, Richard Sinclair

This first Soft Machine line-up became involved in the early UK underground, featuring prominently at the UFO Club, and subsequently other London clubs like the Speakeasy and Middle Earth, and recorded the group's first single ' Love Makes Sweet Music', as well as some demo sessions that were released several years later. This is about the 1960s cultural movement For the tube train system see London Underground. The UFO Club was a famous but shortlived UK underground club in London during the 1960s venue of performances by many of the top bands of the day They also played in the Netherlands, Germany and on the French Riviera. The French Riviera (Côte d'Azur Occitan: Còsta Azzura) is one of the most famous resort areas in the world extending along the Mediterranean Sea west In 1967, upon their return from a performance in France, Allen (an Australian) was denied re-entry to the United Kingdom, so the group continued as a trio, while he returned to Paris to found Gong. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Gong is a progressive / Psychedelic rock band formed by Australian Musician Daevid Allen.

Sharing the same management team as Jimi Hendrix, the band were rewarded with a support slot on the Experience's US tours throughout 1968. James Marshall Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix) (November 27 1942 – September 18 1970 was an American Guitarist, Singer and Songwriter Soft Machine's first album - a psychedelic rock/proto-prog classic - was recorded in New York in April at the end of the first leg. Back in London, eventual The Police guitarist Andy Summers joined the group, fresh from his stint with Dantalian's Chariot (previously Zoot Money's Big Roll Band). The Police were a three-piece rock band consisting of Sting ( vocals, Bass guitar) Andy Summers ( Guitar, Andy Summers (born Andrew James Somers 31 December 1942) is an English guitarist and composer best known for his work in The Police After a few weeks of rehearsals, the new quartet began a tour of the USA with some solo shows before reuniting with Hendrix for a final string of dates in August-September 1968. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the [1] Summers, however, had in the meantime been fired at the insistence of Ayers. [2] Ayers departed amicably after the final date at the Hollywood Bowl, and for the remainder of 1968 Soft Machine was no more. Wyatt stayed in the US to record solo demos, while Ratledge returned to London and began composing in earnest.

In early 1969, in order to fulfill contractual obligations, Soft Machine reformed with former road manager and composer Hugh Hopper on bass added to Wyatt and Ratledge, and set about recording their second album, Volume Two, which launched a transition towards a purely instrumental sound resembling what would be later called jazz fusion. In Music industry, a Road Manager is a person who works with small to mid-sized tours (in terms of personnel involved based on size of the Production Hugh C Hopper (born 29 April 1945, Canterbury, Kent, England) is a Progressive rock / ( fusion) Jazz Volume Two is an LP by The Soft Machine, first released in 1969. Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Notwithstanding the disconcerting personnel changes that came about during this period, this is a fascinating period of creative tension. The base trio was late in 1969 expanded to a septet with the addition of four horn players, though only saxophonist Elton Dean (†) remained beyond a few months, the resulting Soft Machine quartet (Wyatt, Hopper, Ratledge and Dean) running through Third (1970) and Fourth (1971), with various guests, mostly jazz players (Lyn Dobson, Nick Evans, Mark Charig, Jimmy Hastings, Roy Babbington, Rab Spall). In a Symphony orchestra the horn section is the group of musicians who play the horn (sometimes referred to as the French horn a brass instrument descended Elton Dean ( October 28 1945 &ndash February 8 2006) was a Jazz musician who performed on alto Saxophone, Saxello Third is a 1970 Double LP by Soft Machine, with each side of the original vinyl consisting of a single long composition Fourth is a 1971 studio album by the Canterbury band Soft Machine. Nicholas 'Nick' Evans born January, 1947 in Newport Monmouthshire. Mark Charig (born 22 February 1944 in London) is a British trumpeter and cornetist. James Brian Gordon 'Jimmy' Hastings (born 12 May 1938, in Aberdeen, Scotland is a British professional musician associated with the Canterbury scene Roy Babbington (born 8 July 1940 in Kempston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, England) is a rock and Jazz Fourth was the first of their fully instrumental albums, and the last one featuring Wyatt.

All members were highly literate in various musical backgrounds, but foremost was the eclectic genius of Ratledge, who through composition, arrangements and improvisational skills propelled a collective output of the highest standard, in which the vocal charm and extraordinarily original drumming of Wyatt, the lyricism of some of Dean's solos and the unusual avant-garde pop angle of Hopper's pieces all had a major role. Their propensity for building extended suites from regular sized compositions, both live and in the studio (already in the Ayers suite in their first album), reaches its maximum in the 1970 album Third, unusual for its time in each of the four sides featuring one suite. Third was also unusual for remaining in print for more than ten years in the United States, and is the best-selling Soft Machine recording. [3]

This period saw them gaining unprecedented acclaim across Europe, and they made history by becoming the first 'rock band' invited to play at London's elite Proms in 1970, a show which was broadcast live and later appeared as a live CD. The Proms, more formally known as The BBC Proms, or The Henry Wood Promenade Concerts presented by the BBC, is an eight-week summer season of daily Orchestral

Post-Wyatt era

After differences over the group's musical direction, Wyatt left (or was fired from[4]) the band in 1971 and formed Matching Mole (a pun on machine molle, the French for soft machine). Matching Mole was a UK Progressive rock band from the Canterbury scene best known for the song "O Caroline" He was briefly replaced by Australian drummer Phil Howard, but further musical disagreements led to Howard's dismissal after the 1971 recording of the first LP side of Fifth (1972) and, some months later, to Dean's departure. Phil Howard is an Australian Jazz drummer best known for his brief stint with the jazz-rock group Soft Machine. 5, also known as Fifth, is a 1972 studio album by the Canterbury band Soft Machine. They were replaced respectively by John Marshall (drums) and, for the recording of Six (1973), Karl Jenkins (reeds, keyboards), both former members of Ian Carr's Nucleus, and The Softs' sound developed even more towards jazz fusion. John Stanley Marshall, better known as John Marshall, born 28 August 1941 in Isleworth, Middlesex, is an English Drummer. Six is a 1973 instrumental album originally released as a double LP by the British Psychedelic, Progressive rock Dr Karl William Jenkins OBE DMus FRAM ARAM LRAM FWCMD FTCC (born February 17, 1944) is a Welsh musician and composer Ian Carr (born 21 April 1933) is a Scottish Jazz Musician, Composer, writer and educator Nucleus were a pioneering Jazz-rock band from Britain who continued in different forms from 1969 to 1985 Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly

In 1973, after Six, Hopper left and was replaced by Roy Babbington, another former Nucleus member, who had already contributed with double bass on Fourth and Fifth and took up (6-string) electric bass successfully. Roy Babbington (born 8 July 1940 in Kempston, Bedford, Bedfordshire, England) is a rock and Jazz The double bass is the largest and lowest-pitched bowed String instrument used in the modern symphony orchestra. Fourth is a 1971 studio album by the Canterbury band Soft Machine. The electric bass guitar (also called electric bass, or simply bass; ˈbeɪs as in "base" is a Stringed instrument played primarily with the This new quartet of Babbington, Jenkins, Marshall and Ratledge recorded the next (and last) three official Soft Machine studio releases. After they released Seven (1973) without additional musicians, the band switched record labels from Columbia to Harvest. Seven is a 1973 album by the British Progressive rock and Jazz / fusion band Soft Machine who were one of In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music Columbia Records is an American Record label founded in 1888 Columbia is the oldest surviving Brand name in pre-recorded sound being the first record company Harvest Records was a Record label created by EMI in 1969 to promote Progressive rock music and to compete with Philips' Vertigo and On their 1975 album Bundles, a significant musical change occurred with fusion guitarist Allan Holdsworth adding guitar as a very prominent melody instrument to the band's sound, sometimes reminiscent of John McLaughlin's Mahavishnu Orchestra, setting the album apart from previous Soft Machine releases, which had not featured guitars. Bundles is a 1975 album by the British Psychedelic, Progressive rock and Jazz / fusion band Soft Machine Fusion or more specifically jazz fusion or jazz rock, is a Musical genre that merges Jazz with elements of other styles of music particularly Allan Holdsworth (born August 6, 1946 in Bradford, West Yorkshire) is a British Jazz / rock Guitarist John McLaughlin (born January 4 1942 also Mahavishnu John McLaughlin is a Jazz fusion Guitarist and Composer from Doncaster, The Mahavishnu Orchestra was a Jazz-rock fusion group led by John McLaughlin, that debuted in 1971 and dissolved in 1976 and reunited briefly from 1984 to 1987 On the last official studio album Softs (1976), he was replaced by John Etheridge. For softs as commodities see Commodities. Softs is a 1976 album by the British Psychedelic, Progressive rock John Michael Glyn Etheridge (born 12 January 1948 in Lambeth, South East London) is a british Jazz Ratledge, the last remaining original member of the band, had left during the early stages of recording. Other musicians in the band during the later period were bassist Steve Cook [5], saxophonist Alan Wakeman, and violinist Ric Sanders. Alan Wakeman (born 13 October 1947, in Hammersmith, West London) is a saxophonist known for his work in Soft Machine during 1976 Richard 'Ric' Sanders (born 8 December 1952, in Birmingham, Warwickshire) is a British violinist who has played in jazz-rock Folk rock Their 1977 performances and record (titled Alive and Well, ironically) were the last for Soft Machine as a working band. The Soft Machine name was used for the 1981 record Land of Cockayne (with Jack Bruce and, again, Allan Holdsworth, plus Dick Morrissey and Ray Warleigh on saxes and John Taylor on electric piano), and for a final series of dates at London's Ronnie Scott's jazz club in the summer of 1984, featuring Jenkins and Marshall leading an ad-hoc line-up of Etheridge, Warleigh, pianist Dave MacRae and bassist Paul Carmichael. John Symon Asher "Jack" Bruce (born 14 May 1943 is a Scottish -born musician composer and Singer. Richard Edwin "Dick" Morrissey ( May 9 1940, Horley, Surrey - November 8 2000, Deal, Kent Ronnie Scott ( January 28 1927, in Aldgate, East London &ndash December 23 1996) was a British Jazz David Scott MacRae (b April 2 1940 Auckland, New Zealand) is a keyboardist from New Zealand, noted for his contributions in Jazz

Legacy

Since 1988, a wealth of live recordings of Soft Machine have been issued on CD, with recording quality ranging from poor to excellent. In 2002, four former Soft Machine members - Hugh Hopper, Elton Dean, John Marshall and Allan Holdsworth - toured and recorded under the name Soft Works (initially called Soft Ware). From late 2004 onwards, with John Etheridge replacing Holdsworth, they toured and recorded as Soft Machine Legacy[6]. They released three albums: Live in Zaandam (2005), the studio album Soft Machine Legacy (2006) and Live at the New Morning (2006). Although Elton Dean died in February 2006, the band has continued with Theo Travis (formerly of Gong and The Tangent) taking over. Theo Travis (born 1964 in Birmingham) is a British Saxophonist and Flautist. Gong is a progressive / Psychedelic rock band formed by Australian Musician Daevid Allen. The Tangent is an International Progressive rock supergroup formed in 2002 by keyboardists Andy Tillison and Sam Baine of In December 2006, the new line-up recorded the album Steam[7][8] in Jon Hiseman's studio, released by Moonjune Records in August 2007 before a European tour in autumn. Jon Hiseman (born Philip John Hiseman, June 21 1944, Woolwich, London) is an English Drummer, recording

Graham Bennett's Soft Machine biography, Soft Machine: Out-Bloody-Rageous, was published in September 2005. In 2006 the book won an Award for Excellence in Historical Recorded Sound Research from the Association for Recorded Sound Collections.

Awards

The album on which Jenkins first played with Soft Machine, Six, won first place in the Melody Maker British Jazz Album of the Year award in 1973. Melody Maker, published in the United Kingdom, was according to its publisher IPC Media, the world's oldest weekly Music Newspaper Soft Machine was voted best small group in the Melody Maker jazz poll of 1974.

Discography

Studio Albums

Compilations

Notable Singles

References

  1. ^ Soft Machine biography at calyx.club.fr
  2. ^ Andy Summers, One Train Later, Thomas Dunne Books, 2006. Cuneiform Records is an Independent record label based in Silver Spring Maryland. " Love Makes Sweet Music " was the first single released by the Psychedelic rock group Soft Machine. " Joy of a Toy " was the first USA single released by the Psychedelic rock group Soft Machine. Andy Summers (born Andrew James Somers 31 December 1942) is an English guitarist and composer best known for his work in The Police ISBN 0-312-35914-4.
  3. ^ Cosmik.com
  4. ^ Unterberger, Richie: 1996 Robert Wyatt interview at Perfect Sound Forever (online music magazine)
  5. ^ Steve Cook biography at calyx.club.fr
  6. ^ About Soft Machine Legacy at allabout. Richie Unterberger (b 1962 is an American author and journalist whose focus is popular music and travel writing jazz. com
  7. ^ Glenn, Astarita: Steam review at allaboutjazz. com
  8. ^ Jones, Nic: Steam review at allaboutjazz. com

Further reading

External links

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