Pre-contact distribution of the Siouan-Catawban languages

Siouan-Catawban (also Catawban-Siouan, Siouan) is a language family of North America that is located primarily in the Great Plains of North America with a few outlier languages in the east. List of language familiesA language family is a group of Languages related by descent from a common ancestor called the Proto-language of that family The Great Plains are the broad expanse of Prairie and Steppe which lie east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States and Canada

Some authors call this family simply Siouan. Other writers favor the name Siouan-Catawaban so that Catawban is clearly indicated as a separate branch of the family and not under "Siouan Proper".

Family division

Siouan-Catawban consists of 19 languages with 2 main branches:

I. Siouan (a. The Siouan (aka Siouan proper, Western Siouan) languages are a Native American Language family of North America, and the k. a. Siouan proper, Western Siouan)

1. Mandan

A. Mandan is an endangered Siouan language Genetic relations It was initially thought to be closely related to the languages of the Hidatsa Missouri River (a. k. a. Crow-Hidatsa)

2. Crow

3. Crow ( native name: Apsáalooke; əpsaːloːke is a Missouri Valley Siouan language spoken primarily by the Crow Nation in present-day southeastern Hidatsa

B. The Hidatsa (called Minnetaree by their allies the Mandan) are a Siouan people a part of the Three Affiliated Tribes. Mississippi Valley (a. k. a. Central Siouan)

4. Sioux

5. Sioux is a Siouan language. Regional variation Sioux has 3 major regional varieties with various sub- Lects Assiniboine

6. The Assiniboine language (also Assiniboin, Hohe, or Nakoda) is a Nakotan Siouan language of the Northern Plains spoken by around 200 Stoney

7. The Nakoda (also known as Stoney) are a First Nation group indigenous to both Canada and the United States. Chiwere (a. Chiwere (also called Iowa-Otoe-Missouria or Báxoje-Jíwere-Ñútˀachi) is a Siouan language originally spoken by the Missouria, Otoe k. a. Iowa-Oto-Missouri)

8. The Iowa (also spelled Ioway) also known as the Báxoje, are a Native American Siouan people The Otoe or Oto are a Native American people The Otoe language Chiwere, is closely related to that of the Iowa and Missouri The Missouri or Missouria were a Native American Tribe that inhabited parts of the midwestern United States before European explorers arrived Winnebago

9. The Winnebago language is the language of Ho Chunk (or Winnebago tribe of Native Americans in the United States. Omaha-Ponca

10. Omaha-Ponca is a Siouan language spoken by the Ponca and Omaha people of Nebraska and the Ponca people of Oklahoma Kansa-Osage

11. The Kaw (or Kanza) are an American Indians people of the central Midwestern United States. The Osage Nation is a tribe in the United States, which is mainly based in Osage County Oklahoma, but can be found throughout America Quapaw (†)

C. The Quapaw people are a tribe of Native Americans who historically resided on the west side of the Mississippi River in what is now the state of Arkansas Ohio Valley (a. k. a. Southeastern Siouan)

12. Tutelo (†)

13. Tutelo is a name classification referring to Indians who historically resided from the eastern edge of the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia down to the valleys of the Mayo and Dan Rivers Saponi (†)

14. Saponi, is the name of one of the eastern Siouan tribes related to the Tutelo, Occaneechi, Monacan, Manahoac and other eastern Siouan Moniton (†)

15. The Monacans are a group of people of mixed ancestry recognized as a Native American tribe by the state of Virginia in the United States. Occaneechi (†)

16. The Occaneechi or Occoneechee were Native Americans related to the Saponi or Sappony, Tutelo or Totaro, Eno and other eastern Biloxi (†)

17. Biloxis are Native Americans of Siouan stock They call themselves Tanêks(a Ofo (†)

II. Siouan-Catawban (also Catawban-Siouan, Siouan) is a Language family of North America that is located primarily in the Great Plains Catawban (a. The Catawban (also Eastern Siouan) languages form a small Language family in east North America k. a. Eastern Siouan) (†)

18. Woccon (†)

19. Waccamaw Siouan Indians are one of eight state-recognized Native American tribal nations in North Carolina. Catawba (†)

Quapaw, Saponi, Biloxi, Ofo, Woccon, and Catawba are now extinct. According to some definitions an extinct language is a Language which no longer has any speakers, whereas a dead language is a language which is no longer spoken

Some linguists group the Siouan-Catawaban languages together with the Caddoan and Iroquoian languages in a Macro-Siouan language family. The Caddoan languages are a family of Native American languages. The Iroquoian languages are a Native American Language family. The Macro-Siouan languages are a proposed Language family that would include the Siouan, Iroquoian, and Caddoan families However, this has not yet been demonstrated.

See also

• Siouan languages
• Catawban languages

External links

• Siouan languages mailing list archive

Bibliography

• Parks, Douglas R. The Siouan (aka Siouan proper, Western Siouan) languages are a Native American Language family of North America, and the The Catawban (also Eastern Siouan) languages form a small Language family in east North America ; & Rankin, Robert L. (2001). The Siouan languages. In R. J. DeMallie (Ed. ), Handbook of North American Indians: Plains (Vol. 13, Part 1, pp. 94-114). W. C. Sturtevant (Gen. Ed. ). Washington, D. C. : Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 0-16-050400-7.