| Sherlock Holmes | |
|---|---|
 A portrait of Sherlock Holmes by Sidney Paget from the Strand Magazine, 1891 | |
| Created by | Sir Arthur Conan Doyle |
| Episode count | Four novels Fifty-six short stories |
| Information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Specialty | Deductive reasoning |
| Occupation | Detective |
| Nationality | English |
| IMDb profile | |
Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who first appeared in publication in 1887. Sidney Edward Paget ( October 4, 1860 in London - January 28, 1908) was a British Illustrator of the The Strand Magazine was a monthly fiction magazine founded by George Newnes. Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such Deductive reasoning is Reasoning which uses deductive Arguments to move from given statements ( Premises to Conclusions which must be true if the Detective fiction is a branch of Crime fiction in which a Detective (or detectives either professional or amateur investigate a crime usually Murder To publish is to make content Publicly known. The term is most frequently applied to the distribution of text or images on paper or to the placing of content He is the creation of Scottish-born author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Scotland ( Gaelic: Alba) is a Country in northwest Europethat occupies the northern third of the island of Great Britain. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, DL (22 May 1859 – 7 July 1930 was an Anglo-Scottish Author most noted for his stories about the A brilliant London-based detective, Holmes is famous for his intellectual prowess, and is renowned for his skillful use of "deductive reasoning" while using abductive reasoning (inference to the best explanation) and astute observation to solve difficult cases. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Intelligence (also called intellect) is an Umbrella term used to describe a property of the Mind that encompasses many related abilities such as the capacities Deductive reasoning is Reasoning which uses deductive Arguments to move from given statements ( Premises to Conclusions which must be true if the Abduction, or inference to the best explanation, is a method of Reasoning in which one chooses the hypothesis that would if true best explain the relevant evidence Inference is the act or process of deriving a Conclusion based solely on what one already knows Observation is either an activity of a living being (such as a Human) which senses and assimilates the Knowledge of a Phenomenon, or the recording of data A legal case is a dispute between opposing parties resolved by a Court, or by some equivalent legal process
Conan Doyle wrote four novels and fifty-six short stories that featured Holmes. A novel (from Italian novella, Spanish novela, French nouvelle for "new" "news" or "short story The short story is a literary genre of Fictional Prose Narrative that tends to be more concise and to the point than longer works of fiction such All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson; two are narrated by Sherlock Holmes himself, and two others are written in the third person. The first two stories, short novels, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual for 1887 and Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890. Lippincott's Monthly Magazine was a 19th century literary Magazine published in Philadelphia from 1868 to 1915, when it The character grew tremendously in popularity with the beginning of the first series of short stories in The Strand Magazine in 1891; further series of short stories and two serialised novels appeared almost right up to Conan Doyle's death in 1930. The Strand Magazine was a monthly fiction magazine founded by George Newnes. The term " serial " refers to the intrinsic property of a series &mdash namely its order. The stories cover a period from around 1878 up to 1903, with a final case in 1914.
Contents |
The character
Personality and habits
Holmes describes himself and his habits as "Bohemian". The term bohemian, of French origin was first used in the English language in the nineteenth century to describe the untraditional lifestyles of marginalized and impoverished Artists In his personal habits, he is very disorganized, as Watson notes in "The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual", leaving everything from notes of past cases to remains of chemical experiments scattered around their rooms and his tobacco inside his Persian slipper. The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Dr. Watson also states in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" that Holmes is generally late to rise. "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. However, in A Study In Scarlet, Watson states that Holmes would undoubtedly have eaten breakfast and left their apartment before he woke up every morning.
Drug use and other habits
Holmes used drugs including morphine, and especially cocaine, sometimes habitually, particularly when he lacked stimulating cases. Medical uses Morphine can be used as an analgesic in hospital settings to relieve pain in Myocardial infarction pain in Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant This was not against the law at that time. Watson disapproved and described this as the detective's "only vice", saying later he "weaned" Holmes off of drug use, citing its destructive qualities. Even so, Watson viewed Holmes' drug habit "dormant" and "not dead, but merely sleeping"[1]. At one point Watson actually assumed that Holmes had taken the drug after staying up much of the night. [2].
In addition to drug use, Holmes often went without food during his more intense cases.
| “ | My friend had no breakfast for himself, for it was one of his peculiarities that in his more intense moments he would permit himself no food, and I have known him to presume upon his iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition. [3] | ” |
Nevertheless, Watson did not consider as a vice Holmes' habit of smoking (usually a pipe) heavily, nor his willingness to bend the truth and break the law (e. Tobacco Smoking is the inhalation of smoke from burned dried or cured leaves of the Tobacco plant most often in the form of a Cigarette. g. , lie to the police, conceal evidence, burgle, and housebreak) when it suited his purposes. Holmes and Watson considered such actions justified as done for noble purposes, such as preserving a woman's honour or a family's reputation (this argument is discussed by Holmes and Watson in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"). Honor or Honour (see spelling differences) (the latter directly from the Latin word honos honoris) is the evaluation of a person's Reputation is the opinion (more technically a social evaluation of the public toward a Person, a group of people, or an Organization. The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories
Detection Methods
Holmes can often be quite dispassionate and cold; however, when hot on the trail of a mystery, Holmes can display a remarkable passion despite his usual languor. He has a flair for showmanship and often prepares dramatic traps to capture the culprit of a crime which are staged to impress Watson or one of the Scotland Yard inspectors (e. New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible g. , Inspector Lestrade at the end of "The Norwood Builder" or the capture of Jonathan Small in "The Sign of Four"). The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring He also holds back his chain of reasoning, not revealing it or giving only cryptic hints and surprising results, until the very end, when he can explain all of his deductions at once.
He is also quite an actor, in several of his adventures he has feigned being wounded or ill to give effect to his case, or to incriminate the people involved, as in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective". " The Adventure of the Dying Detective " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. In "The Adventure of the Reigate Squire", Holmes uses dramatic and effective means to assure that the Cunninghams did not realise the importance of the sheet of paper, or the fact that a corner was found in the dead man's grip. The Adventure of the Reigate Squire, also known as The Adventure of the Reigate Squires and The Adventure of the Reigate Puzzle, was one of the 56 Sherlock For he believed that this would cause the Cunninghams to destroy the paper "without delay" and the detection of this torn sheet was crucial to the success of the case. Also in the case of Irene Adler, Holmes staged a shooting, and a fire to get her to give away the hiding place of her picture. Irene Adler is a Fictional character featured in the Sherlock Holmes story " A Scandal in Bohemia " by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published This worked at first, but after his departure she realised what had occurred and immediately left the country taking her picture with her. She is later described as the only woman to outwit Sherlock Holmes.
Holmes is also proud of being British, as demonstrated by the patriotic "VR" (Victoria Regina – i. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located e. Queen Victoria) made in bullet pocks in the wall by his gun. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland He has also carried out counterintelligence work for his government in several cases, most conspicuously in "His Last Bow", most often tracking down stolen state documents or thwarting the work of foreign spies.
Holmes does have an ego that sometimes seems to border on arrogance; however, his arrogance is justified. Id, ego, and super-ego are the three parts of the " Psychic apparatus " defined in Sigmund Freud 's structural model of He seems to enjoy baffling police inspectors with his superior deductions. However, he is often quite content to allow the police to take the credit for his work, with Watson being the only one to broadcast his own role in the case (in "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty", he remarks that of his last fifty-three cases, the police have had all the credit in forty-nine), although he enjoys receiving praise from personal friends and those who take a serious interest in his work. The Adventure of the Naval Treaty, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle
Financial affairs
Although he initially needed Watson to share the rent of his comfortable residence at 221B Baker Street, Watson reveals in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" (when Holmes was living alone) that "I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms," suggesting he had developed a good income from his practice, although it is never revealed exactly how much he charges for his services. " The Adventure of the Dying Detective " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. He does say, in "The Problem of Thor Bridge" that "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. The Problem of Thor Bridge is a Sherlock Holmes murder mystery by Arthur Conan Doyle, which appears in the collection The Casebook of Sherlock Holmes I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether. . . "
This is said in a context where a client is offering to double his fees; however, it is likely that rich clients provided a remuneration greatly in excess of Holmes's standard fee: in "The Adventure of the Final Problem", Holmes states that his services to the government of France and the royal house of Scandinavia had left him with enough money to retire comfortably, while in "The Adventure of Black Peter" Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him, while he could devote weeks at a time to the cases of the most humble clients. The Adventure of the Final Problem is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Terminology and usage As a cultural term "Scandinavia" has no official definition and is subject to usage by those who identify with the culture in question as well "The Adventure of Black Peter" is a Sherlock Holmes story by Arthur Conan Doyle. Holmes also tells Watson, in "A Case Of Identity", of a golden snuff box received from the King of Bohemia after "A Scandal In Bohemia" and a fabulous ring from the Scandinavian royal family; in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" Holmes receives an emerald tie-pin from Queen Victoria. Other mementos of Holmes' cases are a gold sovereign from Irene Adler ("A Scandal in Bohemia") and an autograph Letter of thanks from the French President and a Legion of Honor-for tracking down an assassin named Huret ("[The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez]"). Irene Adler is a Fictional character featured in the Sherlock Holmes story " A Scandal in Bohemia " by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine
In "The Adventure of the Priory School", Holmes "rubs his hands with glee" when the Duke notes the sum, which surprises even Watson, and then pats the cheque, saying "I am a poor man", an incident that could be dismissed as Holmes's tendency toward ironic humour. The Adventure of the Priory School, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the Certainly, in the course of his career Holmes had worked for both the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe (including his own) and various wealthy aristocrats and industrialists, and had also been consulted by impoverished pawnbrokers and humble governesses on the lower rungs of society. Aristocracy is a form of Government, where rule is established through an internal struggle over who has the most status and influence over society and internal relations A business magnate, sometimes referred to as a mogul, tycoon, baron, or industrialist, is a person who has reached a prominent place in A pawnbroker is an individual or business entity that offers monetary loans in exchange for an item of value to the given pawn broker
The Victorian class system was much more complex than today's — it would have been degrading to offer a bill to a royal figure, but such a figure might well provide recompense of the equivalent of millions in modern currency. On the other hand, Holmes has been known to charge clients for his expenses, and to claim any reward that might be offered for the solution's problem: he says in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" that Miss Stoner may pay any expenses he may be put to, and requests that the bank in "The Red-Headed League" remunerate him for the money he spent solving the case. "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. "The Red-Headed League" is the most famous of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. As well as accepting the reward from the Duke of Holdernesse in "The Adventure of the Priory School", Holmes has his wealthy banker client in "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" pay him both for the costs of recovering the stolen gems, and also claims the reward the banker had put for their recovery. The Adventure of the Priory School, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the eleventh
Courage
Holmes is generally quite fearless. He dispassionately surveys horrific, brutal crime scenes; he does not allow superstition (as in The Hound of the Baskervilles) or grotesque situations to make him afraid; and he intrepidly confronts violent murderers. Superstition ( Latin superstitio, literally "standing over" derived perhaps from standing in awe used in Latin as a unreasonable or excessive belief The Hound of the Baskervilles is a crime novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. He is generally unfazed by threats from his criminal enemies, and indeed Holmes himself remarks that it is the danger of his profession that has attracted him to it. The only thing that truly bothers Holmes is boredom, and he can become very agitated and upset when there is no case set before him. Boredom is an Emotional state experienced during periods of lack of activities or when individuals are uninterested in the activities surrounding them
Use of weapons and martial arts
On occasion Holmes and Watson carry pistols with them; however, these weapons are only used on six occasions.
- In The Sign of the Four, they both fire at the Andaman Islander;
- In The Hound of the Baskervilles, both Holmes and Watson fire at the hound;
- in "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches", Watson fires at the mastiff;
- in "The Adventure of the Empty House", Watson pistol-whips Colonel Sebastian Moran;
- in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", Holmes pistol-whips Killer Evans after Watson is shot;
- in "The Musgrave Ritual", it is revealed that Holmes decorated the wall of their flat with a patriotic "V. The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring The Hound of the Baskervilles is a crime novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the last of The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle Pistol-whipping is the act of physically striking a person with the barrel or stock of a Handgun. Colonel Sebastian Moran is a fictional character the villain of the Sherlock Holmes short story The Adventure of the Empty House. The Adventure of the Three Garridebs, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. R. " (Victoria Regina) done in bullet marks. Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
Besides a pistol, Holmes twice uses a riding crop/cane as a weapon. In "The Red-Headed League" he knocks the pistol from John Clay's hand, and in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" to lash out at the snake. "The Red-Headed League" is the most famous of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Holmes is also reckoned a formidable fist-fighter, though his prowess is only reported second-hand. In The Sign of the Four, Holmes introduces himself to the prize-fighter McMurdo as "the amateur who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back. " McMurdo responds by saying, "Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have! You might have aimed high, if you had joined the fancy. " In the first story of The Return of Sherlock Holmes, "The Adventure of the Empty House", Holmes recounts to Watson how he used martial arts to overcome Moriarty and fling his adversary to his death at the Reichenbach Falls. The Return of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of 13 Sherlock Holmes stories originally published in 1903-1904 by Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle He states: "I have some knowledge, however, of baritsu, or the Japanese system of wrestling, which has more than once been very useful to me. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. " Baritsu was either a fabricated martial art, or a drafting error on the author's part who meant to refer to Bartitsu. Bartitsu is an eclectic Martial art and Self-defense method originally developed in England during the years 1898-1902 Despite this, for a while at least, it still acquired some notoriety all of its own.
Friendships
In "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", we see an example of Holmes's affection for Dr. The Adventure of the Norwood Builder, one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the second tale from Watson when it is revealed that Watson has sold his practice as a doctor to a man named Verner, who, ". . . [gave] with astonishing little demur the highest price that I ventured to ask — an incident which only explained itself later, when I found that Verner was a distant relation of Holmes, and it was my friend who had really found the money. " Again we are shown his close personal friendship with Watson, whose near-death at the hands of a counterfeiter in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs" elicits much grief and anger from Holmes. The Adventure of the Three Garridebs, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the Over time, Holmes's relations with the official Scotland Yard detectives goes from cold disdain to a strong respect. New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible And the classic "might-have-been" in Holmes's life is, of course, Irene Adler (from "A Scandal in Bohemia"), who is later referred to in the most laudatory terms by Watson. Irene Adler is a Fictional character featured in the Sherlock Holmes story " A Scandal in Bohemia " by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine This is the only such canonical incident, however; despite signs of interest in other women, Watson is frequently disappointed that Holmes shows no further interest in them once the case is solved.
Relationships
An estimate of Holmes's age in the short story "His Last Bow" places his year of birth around 1854 although there is no authoritative biography. At the beginning of "The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger", Watson states that Holmes "was in active practice for twenty-three years"; during seventeen of these years, Watson "was allowed to cooperate with him and to keep notes of his doings". The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the
Historically, Holmes lived from the year 1881 at 221B Baker Street, London (in early notes it was described as being situated at Upper Baker Street), a flat up seventeen steps, where he shared many of his professional years with his good friend Dr. Watson for some time before Watson's marriage in 1887 and after Mrs. Watson's death. 221B Baker Street is the fictional London residence of the detective Sherlock Holmes, created by author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Mary Morstan is a Fictional character, the wife of Dr Watson, who is one of the main characters in the Sherlock Holmes canon The residence was maintained by his landlady, Mrs. Hudson. Mrs Hudson is the Landlady of the fictional house 221B Baker Street, in which Sherlock Holmes lives in the Sherlock Holmes Detective stories
In almost all of the stories, Holmes is assisted by the practical Watson, who is not only a friend but also his chronicler (his "Boswell"). James Boswell 9th Laird of Auchinleck ( October 29, 1740 - May 19, 1795) was a lawyer diarist and Author born in Edinburgh Most of Holmes's stories are told as narratives, by Watson, of the detective's solutions to crimes brought to his attention by clients. Holmes sometimes criticizes Watson for his writings, usually because he relates them as exciting stories rather than as objective and detailed reports focusing on what Holmes regards as the pure "science" of his craft.
Holmes has an older brother, Mycroft Holmes, a government official, who appears in three stories: "The Greek Interpreter", "The Final Problem", and "The Bruce-Partington Plans". Mycroft Holmes is a Fictional character in the stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. " The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter " one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 The Adventure of the Final Problem is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one He is also mentioned in a number of others, including "The Empty House". Mycroft had a unique civil service position as a kind of memory-man for all aspects of government policy — a kind of walking database. Sherlock thought Mycroft was more gifted but not a man of action, preferring to spend his time at the Diogenes Club, described as a club for the most un-clubbable men in London. The Diogenes Club is a fictional Gentleman's club created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and featured in several Sherlock Holmes stories most notably "
In "The Greek Interpreter", Holmes also claims that his grandmother was the sister of Vernet, the French artist. Émile Jean-Horace Vernet ( 30 June 1789 - 17 January 1863) was a French painter of battles portraits and Orientalist This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.
In three stories (The Sign of the Four, A Study in Scarlet, and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man"), Holmes is assisted by a group of street children he calls the Baker Street Irregulars. The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. The Adventure of the Crooked Man, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle The Baker Street Irregulars are any of several different groups all named after the original from various Sherlock Holmes stories The Irregulars' initial meetings with Holmes are not covered in any great detail, but he seems to have known them for at least a short period of time before meeting Watson. Exactly when they came into his service is unknown, but the boys show great respect for Holmes and he treats them with a surprising kindness, as he has shown little interest in children at all outside of cases involving them. He also speaks of them with a certain respect, due to the fact that, in the stories in which they appear, they are quite literally capable of going anywhere and seeing and hearing virtually anything, thus giving him increased ability to solve cases by taking in their reports. He pays the boys for their services, offering bonuses to any boy (or boys) who found a vital clue in the case. The Irregulars are mentioned a few times more in the Granada television series featuring Jeremy Brett and Edward Hardwicke (though they are not seen much) than they are in the actual novels. Jeremy Brett (3 November 1933 – 12 September 1995 born Peter Jeremy William Huggins, was an English Actor famous among other things for his Edward Hardwicke, sometimes credited as Edward Hardwick, (born August 7, 1932) the son of Sir Cedric Hardwicke and actress Helena Pickard Sometimes as a means of explaining the gathering of a clue or the means by which such a clue may yet be obtained. (The boys figured in a separate TV programme/series of their own called the Baker Street Boys. )
Law enforcement officers with whom Holmes has worked include Inspector Lestrade, Tobias Gregson, Stanley Hopkins, Alec MacDonald, and Athelney(or Peter) Jones,Inspector Gregory and Inspector Bradstreet all seven of Scotland Yard, and Francois Le Villard of the French police. Inspector Lestrade (pronounced l' Estrade "less-TRAHD" is a Fictional character Tobias Gregson, a Scotland Yard inspector is a Fictional character who has appeared in a number of the Sherlock Holmes Novels and short Inspector Stanley Hopkins is a Fictional character, a Scotland Yard Detective in the Sherlock Holmes stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible The National Police ( police nationale) formerly the Sûreté Nationale, is one of two National police forces and the main civil law enforcement Holmes usually baffles the police with his far more efficient and effective methods, showing himself to be a vastly superior detective, a fact that the police seem to have learnt to take with good grace — witness Lestrade at the end of "The Six Napoleons". Similarly, Holmes comes to recognize the different merits of individual detectives, such as Inspector Gregory's efficiency in investigation or Lestrade's tenacity and courage.
Holmes's archenemy and popularly-supposed nemesis was Professor James Moriarty ("the Napoleon of Crime"), who fell, struggling with Holmes, over the Reichenbach Falls. An archenemy, archfoe, archvillain or archnemesis (sometimes spelled arch-enemy, arch-foe, arch-villain or Professor James Moriarty is a Fictional character who is the best known Antagonist (and Nemesis) of the detective Sherlock Holmes. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The Reichenbach Falls (Reichenbachfall are a series of Waterfalls near Meiringen, Switzerland. Conan Doyle intended "The Final Problem", the story in which this occurred, to be the last that he wrote about Holmes. However, the outpouring of protests and letters demanding that he bring back his creation convinced him to continue. He did so with The Hound of The Baskervilles, although this was a case Holmes was involved in before his supposed death. His return in "The Adventure of the Empty House" had Conan Doyle explaining that only Moriarty fell over the cliff, but Holmes had allowed the world to believe that he too had perished while he dodged the retribution of Moriarty's underlings. Also, numerous sources claim that Moriarty was initially Holmes' mathematics tutor, as is also referenced in the work of William S. Baring-Gould. William Stuart Baring-Gould (1913&ndash1967 was a noted Sherlock Holmes scholar best known as the author of the influential 1962 fictional biography Sherlock Holmes Professor Moriarty also has a presence in The Valley of Fear.
Enola Holmes is introduced as Sherlock’s younger sister in a series of novels by Nancy Springer. Nancy Connor Springer (born 1948 in Montclair New Jersey) is an American author of Fantasy, Young adult literature, mystery and Science
Holmes and women
The only woman in whom Holmes ever showed any interest that verged on the romantic was Irene Adler. Irene Adler is a Fictional character featured in the Sherlock Holmes story " A Scandal in Bohemia " by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published According to Watson, she was always referred to by Holmes as "The Woman. " Holmes himself is never directly quoted as using this term — though he does mention her actual name several times in other cases. She is also one of the few women who are mentioned in multiple Holmes stories, though she actually appears in person only in one, "A Scandal in Bohemia". "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine She is often thought to be the only woman who broke through Holmes's reserve. She is possibly the only woman who has ever "beaten" Holmes in a mystery; this point is unclear owing to a comment with some chronological problems in one of the stories (see the Irene Adler or "The Five Orange Pips" articles for details). Irene Adler is a Fictional character featured in the Sherlock Holmes story " A Scandal in Bohemia " by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, published "The Five Orange Pips", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fifth of the twelve stories However, it is important to note that Watson explicitly states, "It was not that he felt any emotion akin to love for Irene Adler. "
In one story, "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", Holmes is engaged to be married, but only with the motivation of gaining information for his case. The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories He clearly demonstrates particular interest in several of the more charming female clients that come his way; however, Holmes inevitably "manifested no further interest in the client when once she had ceased to be the centre of one of his problems. " Holmes found their youth, beauty, and energy (and the cases they bring to him) invigorating, as opposed to an actual romantic interest.
These episodes show that Holmes possesses a degree of charm, yet, apart from the case of Adler, there is no indication of a serious or long-term interest. Watson states that Holmes has an "aversion to women" but "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]. " Holmes states, "I am not a whole-souled admirer of womankind"; in fact he finds "the motives of women. . . so inscrutable. . . How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes. . . their most extraordinary conduct may depend upon a hairpin. "
Another point of interest in Holmes's relationships with women is that the only joy he gets from their company is the problems they bring to him to solve. In The Sign of the Four, Watson quotes Holmes as being "an automaton, a calculating machine. The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring " This references Holmes's lack of interest in relationships with women in general, and clients in particular, as Watson states that "there is something positively inhuman in you at times. "
At the end of "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", Holmes states: "I have never loved, Watson, but if I did and if the woman I loved had met such an end, I might act as our lawless lion-hunter had done". " The Adventure of the Devil's Foot " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. In the story, the explorer Dr. Sterndale had killed the man who murdered his beloved, Brenda Tregennis, to exact a revenge which the law could not provide.
Watson writes in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" that Mrs. " The Adventure of the Dying Detective " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Hudson is fond of Holmes in her own way, despite his bothersome eccentricities as a lodger, owing to his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women. " Watson notes that while he dislikes and distrusts them, he is nonetheless a "chivalrous opponent. " However, Holmes cannot be said to be misogynistic, given the number of women he helps in his work. Misogyny (mɪˈsɒdʒɪni is hatred (or contemptof women Misogyny is parallel to Misandry — the hatred of men
Watson, on the other hand, boasts in The Sign of the Four of "an experience of women which extends over many nations and three separate continents. The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring " In addition, he speaks favourably of some women — indeed, in virtually all the longer stories he remarks on the exceptional beauty of at least one female character — and actually marries one, Mary Morstan of The Sign of the Four. Mary Morstan is a Fictional character, the wife of Dr Watson, who is one of the main characters in the Sherlock Holmes canon
Knowledge and skills
In the very first story, A Study in Scarlet, something of Holmes' background is given. A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. In early 1881, he is presented as an independent student of chemistry with a variety of very curious side interests, almost all of which turn out to be single-mindedly bent towards making him superior at solving crimes. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties An early story, "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott", presents more background on what caused Holmes to become a detective: a college friend's father complimented him very highly on his deductive skills. The Adventure of the Gloria Scott, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle Deductive reasoning is Reasoning which uses deductive Arguments to move from given statements ( Premises to Conclusions which must be true if the Holmes always uses scientific (or supposedly scientific) methods and focuses on logic and the powers of observation and deduction. He is an eccentric character and always remains objective. He only reveals things to us gradually.
In A Study in Scarlet, Dr. A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. Watson assesses Holmes's abilities thus:
- Knowledge of Literature. Literature is the Art of written works Literally translated the word means "acquaintance with letters" (from Latin littera letter —Nil.
- Knowledge of Philosophy. Philosophy is the study of general problems concerning matters such as existence knowledge truth beauty justice validity mind and language —Nil.
- Knowledge of Astronomy. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study —Nil.
- Knowledge of Politics. Politics Politics is the process by which groups of people make decisions —Feeble.
- Knowledge of Botany. Botany, plant science(s, phytology, or plant biology is a branch of Biology and is the scientific study of plant Life —Variable. Well up in belladonna, opium and poisons generally. Opium is a Narcotic formed from the Latex (ie sap released by lacerating (or "scoring" the immature seed pods of opium poppies ( In the context of Biology, poisons are substances that can cause damage, Illness, or Death to Organisms usually by Knows nothing of practical gardening. Gardening is the practice of growing Plants for their attractive flowers or foliage and Vegetables or Fruits for consumption
- Knowledge of Geology. Geology (from Greek γη gê, "earth" and λόγος Logos, "speech" lit —Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. Soil, often typeset as SOiL, is a four piece rock band from Chicago Illinois United States founded by Shaun Glass Tom Schofield Tim King and Adam Zadel After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them. The geology of London comprises various differing layers of sedimentary rock upon which London, England is built
- Knowledge of Chemistry. Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem meaning "earth") is the Science concerned with the composition structure and properties —Profound.
- Knowledge of Anatomy. Anatomy (from the Greek anatomia, from ana separate apart from and temnein, to cut up cut open is a branch of Biology that is the consideration —Accurate, but unsystematic.
- Knowledge of Sensational Literature. Sensationalism is a manner of being extremely Controversial, loud or attention grabbing —Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century.
- Plays the violin well. The violin is a bowed String instrument with four strings usually tuned in Perfect fifths It is the smallest and highest-pitched member
- Is an expert singlestick player, boxer and swordsman. Singlestick, also known as cudgels, is a Martial art related to Fencing and Stick fighting, and a wooden weapon for the art used for attack Boxing (sometimes also known as English boxing or pugilism) is a Combat sport in which two participants generally of similar weight, Swordsman redirects here For the comic book characters see Swordsman (comics.
- Has a good practical knowledge of British law. The United Kingdom has three Legal systems. English law, which applies in England and Wales, and Northern Ireland law, which applies in
However, even at the very end of "A Study in Scarlet" itself, it is shown that Holmes knows Latin and needs no translation of Roman epigrams in the original - though that knowledge is not mentioned in the above list, and the language would be of doubtful direct utility for detective work. A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome.
Later stories make completely clear that the above list is misleading, and that Holmes—who has just met Watson—is 'pulling Watson's leg' Two examples: despite Holmes' supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognizes the true identity of the supposed Count von Kramm. "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine Regarding non-sensational literature, his speech is replete with references to the Bible, Shakespeare, and even Goethe. Etymology According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, the word bible is from Latin biblia, traced from the same word through Medieval Latin and Late Latin William Shakespeare ( baptised ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfgaŋ fɔn ˈgøːtə (in English generally ˈgɝːtə 28 August 1749 22 March 1832 was a German writer This is somewhat inconsistent with Holmes's rebuking Watson for telling him that the Earth revolves around the Sun instead of the other way around, saying it would not matter to him one bit if it was true the other way around. EARTH was a short-lived Japanese vocal trio which released 6 singles and 1 album between 2000 and 2001 The Sun (Sol is the Star at the center of the Solar System. In Astronomy, the geocentric model of the Universe is the superseded theory that the Earth is the center of the universe and other He goes on to say that he avoids cluttering his memory with information that is of no use to him in detective work; however, in "The Lion's Mane", it is said that Holmes has a habit of collecting even the most obscure facts and memorizing them. The Adventure of the Lion's Mane, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle
Also, in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery," Holmes expresses his knowledge of different varieties of tobacco ash, and tells of the monograph he wrote on the subject, a very strange field of knowledge, but it is understandable seeing as how it relates to his detective work. "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fourth of the twelve Holmes states, "I found the ash of a cigar, which my special knowledge of tobacco ashes enables me to pronounce as an Indian cigar. I have, as you know, devoted some attention to this and written a little monograph on the ashes of one hundred forty different varieties of pipe, cigar, and cigarette tobacco. A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single "
Moreover, in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" Watson reports that in November 1895, "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus"—a most esoteric field of knowledge, for which Holmes would have had to "clutter his memory" with an enormous amount of information which had absolutely nothing to do with crime fighting—knowledge so extensive that his monograph was taken as "the last word" on the subject. "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one In Western music, motet is a word that is applied to a number of highly varied choral musical compositions Orlande de Lassus (also Orlandus Lassus, Orlando di Lasso, Roland de Lassus, or Roland Delattre) (1532 (possibly 1530 &ndash June [4] The later stories abandon the notion that Holmes did not want to know anything unless it had immediate relevance for his profession; in the second chapter of The Valley of Fear, Holmes instead declares that “all knowledge comes useful to the detective”, and near the end of "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", he describes himself as “an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles”. The Valley of Fear is the final Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of the Lion's Mane, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle
Already in A Study in Scarlet, Conan Doyle compares his sleuth with two earlier, more established fictional detectives: Edgar Allan Poe's C. Auguste Dupin and Emile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq. A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, C Auguste Dupin is a fictional Detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. Émile Gaboriau ( November 9, 1832 - September 28, 1873) was a French Writer, novelist and journalist and a pioneer of Monsieur Lecoq is the creation of Émile Gaboriau, a 19th century French Writer and journalist The former had first appeared in "The Murders in the Rue Morgue," first published in 1841, and the latter in L'Affaire Lerouge (The Lerouge Affair) in 1866. " The Murders in the Rue Morgue " is a Short story by Edgar Allan Poe published in Graham's Magazine in 1841 The brief discussion between Watson and Holmes about the two characters begins with a comment by Watson:
"You remind me of Edgar Allan Poe's Dupin. I had no idea that such individuals did exist outside of stories. " Sherlock Holmes rose and lit his pipe. "No doubt you think that you are complimenting me in comparing me to Dupin," he observed. "Now, in my opinion, Dupin was a very inferior fellow. That trick of his of breaking in on his friends' thoughts with an apropos remark after a quarter of an hour's silence is really very showy and superficial. He had some analytical genius, no doubt; but he was by no means such a phenomenon as Poe appeared to imagine. " "Have you read Gaboriau's works?" I asked. "Does Lecoq come up to your idea of a detective?" Sherlock Holmes sniffed sardonically. "Lecoq was a miserable bungler," he said, in an angry voice; "he had only one thing to recommend him, and that was his energy. That book made me positively ill. The question was how to identify an unknown prisoner. I could have done it in twenty-four hours. Lecoq took six months or so. It might be made a textbook for detectives to teach them what to avoid. "
Holmes seems convinced that he is superior to both of them, while Watson expresses his admiration of the two characters. It has been suggested that this was a way for Conan Doyle to pay his respects to characters imagined by writers who had influenced him, while insisting that his creation was an improvement on theirs. (Doyle did in fact express his own admiration for Holmes's two predecessors. ) However, Holmes pulls a very Dupin-esque mind reading trick on Watson in "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box" (repeated word for word in the story, "The Resident Patient," when "The Cardboard Box" was removed from the Memoirs), and, to a lesser extent, in "The Adventure of the Dancing Men". "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of the Dancing Men, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle
Holmes is also a competent cryptanalyst. Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden" and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie" is the study of methods for He relates to Watson, "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers. Steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no one apart from the sender and intended recipient even realizes there is a hidden message A monograph ( Classical Greek, "One Writer" or "Single Writing") is a work of writing upon a single subject usually also by a single In Cryptography, a cipher (or cypher) is an Algorithm for performing Encryption and Decryption &mdash a series of well-defined steps " One such scheme is solved using frequency analysis in "The Adventure of the Dancing Men" which uses a series of stick figures, for example:
Holmes has shown himself to be a master of disguise from his earliest cases, adopting personas from all walks of life: he appears as a seaman in “The Sign of the Four”, a stable groom and a humble clergyman in "A Scandal in Bohemia", an opium addict in "The Man with the Twisted Lip", an old Italian priest in "The Adventure of the Final Problem", a poor bibliophile in "The Adventure of the Empty House", a plumber in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton" and even as a woman in "The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone". In Cryptanalysis, frequency analysis is the study of the frequency of letters or groups of letters in a Ciphertext. The Adventure of the Dancing Men, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle A stick figure is a very simple type of drawing made of sticks and circles generally of the Human form although stick figures of other types of Animals are possible The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring "The Man with the Twisted Lip", one of the 58 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the sixth of the twelve The Adventure of the Final Problem is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories " The Adventure of the Mazarin Stone " one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories
Although Holmes looks upon himself as a disembodied brain, there are times when he can become very emotional in a righteous cause, such as when he disapproves of how the banker Holder treated his son in "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet", and rounds on the Duke in "The Priory School" for putting his own son in danger. "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the eleventh Priory School may refer to Schools in England The Priory School Hitchin, is a comprehensive secondary school for 11 to 18 year olds in Hitchin At the end of "The Adventure of the Six Napoleons", he is touched by Inspector Lestrade's deep gratitude for his assisting Scotland Yard. The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the Inspector Lestrade (pronounced l' Estrade "less-TRAHD" is a Fictional character Watson says, "he was more nearly moved by the softer human emotions than I had ever seen him. " And, in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", Watson is wounded by a forger he and Holmes are pursuing. The Adventure of the Three Garridebs, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the While the bullet wound proved to be "quite superficial," Watson is moved by Holmes' reaction.
It was worth a wound;it was worth many wounds;to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation.
Holmes’ analysis of physical evidence is both scientific and precise. His methods include the use of latent prints such as footprints, hoof prints and bicycle tracks to identify actions at a crime scene (“A Study in Scarlet”, "The Adventure of Silver Blaze", "The Adventure of the Priory School", "The Hound of the Baskervilles", "The Boscombe Valley Mystery"), the use of tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals ("The Adventure of the Resident Patient", "The Hound of the Baskervilles"), the comparison of typewritten letters to expose a fraud ("A Case of Identity"), the use of gunpowder residue to expose two murderers ("The Adventure of the Reigate Squire"), bullet comparison from two crime scenes ("The Adventure of the Empty House") and even an early use of fingerprints (The Norwood Builder). A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. " Silver Blaze " one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of the twelve in the cycle collected "The Boscombe Valley Mystery", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fourth of the twelve The Adventure of the Resident Patient, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the "A Case of Identity" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and is the third story in The Adventures The Adventure of the Reigate Squire, also known as The Adventure of the Reigate Squires and The Adventure of the Reigate Puzzle, was one of the 56 Sherlock The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle The Adventure of the Norwood Builder, one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the second tale from Holmes also demonstrates knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she had hidden a photograph based on the "precis" that an unmarried woman will seek her most valuable possession in case of fire, whereas a married woman will grab her baby instead. "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine
Despite the excitement of his life (or perhaps seeking to leave it behind) Holmes retired to the Sussex Downs to take up beekeeping ("The Second Stain"), and wrote a book on the subject. The Adventure of the Second Stain, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle His search for relaxation can also be seen in his love in music, notably "The Red-Headed League" where Holmes takes an evening off from a case to listen to Pablo de Sarasate play violin. "The Red-Headed League" is the most famous of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. Pablo Martín Melitón de Sarasate y Navascués ( March 10 1844 &ndash September 20 1908, pronounced Sah-ra-SAH-teh was a Spanish
Influence
Holmesian deduction
"From a drop of water," Holmes wrote in an essay described in A Study in Scarlet, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other. The Niagara Falls are massive Waterfalls on the Niagara River, straddling the international border separating the Canadian province of Ontario " Holmes stories often begin with a bravura display of his talent for "deduction". Deductive reasoning is Reasoning which uses deductive Arguments to move from given statements ( Premises to Conclusions which must be true if the It is of some interest to logicians and those interested in logic to try to analyse just what Holmes is doing when he performs his deduction. Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. Holmesian deduction appears to consist primarily of drawing inferences based on either straightforward practical principles — which are the result of careful inductive study, such as Holmes's study of different kinds of cigar ashes — or inference to the best explanation. Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of Reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed In many cases, the deduction can be modeled either way. In 2002, Holmes was inducted as an honorary fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry — the only fictional character so honoured — in appreciation of his contributions to forensic investigation. The Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC is a Learned society ( Professional association) in the United Kingdom with the goal of "advancing the [5]
Holmes's straightforward practical principles are generally of the form, "If 'p', then 'q'," where 'p' is observed evidence and 'q' is what the evidence indicates. But there are also, as one may observe in the following example, often some intermediate principles. In "A Scandal in Bohemia" Holmes deduces that Watson had got very wet lately and that he had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl. " When Watson, in amazement, asks how Holmes knows this, Holmes answers:
"It is simplicity itself. . . My eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey. "
In this case, we might say Holmes employed several connected principles such as these:
- If leather on the side of a shoe is scored by several parallel cuts, it was caused by someone who scraped around the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud.
- If a 19th-century London doctor's shoes are scraped to remove crusted mud, the person who so scraped them is the doctor's servant girl.
- If someone cuts a shoe while scraping it to remove encrusted mud, that person is clumsy and careless.
- If someone's shoes had encrusted mud on them, that person has been very wet lately and has been out in vile weather.
By applying such principles in an obvious way (using repeated applications of modus ponens), Holmes is able to infer from
- The sides of Watson's shoes are scored by several parallel cuts. In Classical logic, modus ponendo ponens ( Latin: mode that affirms by affirming; often abbreviated to MP or modus ponens) is a
to
- Watson's servant girl is clumsy and careless.
and
- Watson has been very wet lately and has been out in vile weather.
But perhaps Holmes is not giving a proper explanation — after all, Holmes may be well aware of Watson's servant girl. As Watson is a doctor and it has been raining, it is likely he has been out in the rain.
Of course, Holmes's deductive reasonings are a common tool by which certain characters (particularly his astonished clients) are introduced by Holmes himself into the story. For example, in Conan Doyle's story The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist, Holmes's observations allow him to deduce that the client, Violet Smith, enjoys bicycling, due to slight roughenings of the sides of her shoe's soles from friction with the pedals. The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the He also notes that the lady has spatulated finger-ends, which he initially assumes had been acquired from typewriting. However, he then openly corrects himself by commenting on Ms. Smith having a certain spirituality about the face (which he commented would not come from working with a typewriter), and remarks how such fingers can also develop from playing musical instruments; thus, he identified Ms. Smith as being a musician (a music teacher, to be precise).
In other instances of Holmesian deduction, it is more difficult to model his inference as deduction using general principles, and logicians and scientists will readily recognize the method used, instead, as an "inductive" one — in particular, "argument to the best explanation", or, in Charles S. Peirce's terminology, "abduction". Induction or inductive reasoning, sometimes called inductive logic, is the process of Reasoning in which the premises of an argument are believed Charles Sanders Peirce (pronounced purse) (September 10 1839 &ndash April 19 1914 was an American Logician mathematician, philosopher Abduction, or inference to the best explanation, is a method of Reasoning in which one chooses the hypothesis that would if true best explain the relevant evidence However, that Holmes should have called this "deduction" is entirely plausible.
The instances in which Holmes uses deduction tend to be those where he has amassed a large body of evidence, produced a number of possible explanations of that evidence, and then proceeds to find one explanation that is clearly the best at explaining the evidence. For example, in The Sign of the Four, a man is found dead in his room, with a ghastly smile on his face, and with no immediately visible cause of death. From a whole body of background information as well as evidence gathered at and around the scene of the crime, Holmes is able to infer that the murderer is not one of the various people that Scotland Yard has in custody (each of them being an alternative explanation), but rather another person entirely. New Scotland Yard or Scotland Yard, informally known as The Yard and NSY, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible As Holmes says in the story, "How often have I said to you that when you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth?" This phrase has entered Western popular culture as a catchphrase. A catch phrase (or catchphrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance
In the latter example, in fact, Holmes' solution of the crime depends both on a series of applications of general principles and argument to the best explanation.
Holmes' success at his brand of deduction, therefore, is due to his mastery of both a huge body of particular knowledge of things like footprints, cigar ashes, and poisons, which he uses to make relatively simple deductive inferences, and the fine art of ordering and weighing different competing explanations of a body of evidence. Holmes is also particularly good at gathering evidence by observation, as well locating and tracking the movements of criminals through the streets of London and its environs (in order to produce more evidence) — skills that have little to do with deduction per se, but everything to do with providing the premises for particular Holmesian deductions. Four examples of Holmes' deductions of an owner's lifestyle are: Dr. Watson's old pocket watch in The Sign of the Four, Dr. A pocket watch (or pocketwatch) is a Watch that is made to be carried in a pocket as opposed to a wristwatch, which is strapped to the wrist Mortimer's walking stick in The Hound of the Baskervilles, Mr. " Walking stick " may also refer to a stick insect, of the Order Phasmatodea, which uses camouflage to resemble a stick or twig The Hound of the Baskervilles is a crime novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. Grant Munro's pipe in "The Adventure of the Yellow Face" and Henry Baker's hat in "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle. "The Adventure of the Yellow Face", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the third tale from "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the seventh "
In the stories by Conan Doyle, Holmes often remarked that his logical conclusions were "elementary," in that he considered them to be simple and obvious. He also, on occasion, referred to his friend as "my dear Watson. " However, the complete phrase, "Elementary, my dear Watson," does not appear in any of the sixty Holmes stories written by Conan Doyle. One of the closest examples to this phrase appears in the "The Adventure of the Crooked Man". The Adventure of the Crooked Man, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the cycle Upon Holmes's explanation of a deduction:
"Excellent!" I cried "Elementary. " said he
It does appear at the very end of the 1929 film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, the first Sherlock Holmes sound film, and may owe its familiarity to its use in Edith Meiser's scripts for The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes radio series. The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was an Old-time radio show which aired in the USA from October 2, 1939 to July 7, The phrase was first used by American actor William Gillette though.
It should be noted too, that our modern stereotype of police procedure — someone who looks for physical clues, rather than someone who examines opportunity and motive — comes from Holmes.
Conan Doyle was an admirer of Oliver Wendell Holmes. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr, (August 29 1809 &ndash October 7 1894 was a Physician by profession but achieved fame as a Writer; he was one of the best In 1858, Holmes had written, in his Autocrat of the Breakfast-Table, “Tell me about Cuvier’s getting up a megatherium from a tooth … so all a man’s antecedents and possibilities are summed up in a single utterance…. Megatherium ("Great Beast" was a Genus of Elephant -sized Ground sloths that lived from two million to 8000 years ago ” This recalls what Schopenhauer had written in 1851, “Just as a botanist recognises the whole plant from one leaf and Cuvier constructed the entire animal from one bone, so from one characteristic action of a man we can arrive at a correct knowledge of his character. ” (Parerga and Paralipomena, Vol. II, §118) These assertions are echoed in "The Five Orange Pips", in which Sherlock Holmes declared, “As Cuvier could correctly describe a whole animal by the contemplation of a single bone, so the observer who has thoroughly understood one link in a series of incidents should be able to state all the other ones, before and after. "The Five Orange Pips", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fifth of the twelve stories ”
Readers of the Sherlock Holmes stories have often been surprised to discover that their author, Conan Doyle, was a fervent believer in paranormal phenomena, and that the logical, sceptical character of Holmes was in opposition to his own in many ways. Paranormal is an Umbrella term used to describe unusual Phenomena or experiences that lack an obvious Scientific explanation
It must be noted that, in Holmesian deduction, it is important to attempt to eliminate all other possibilities, or as many as possible. As Holmes says to Watson,"Eliminate all that is impossible, whatever remains is the explanation, however improbable. " This requires quite a bit of practice to reach. Watson attempts several times to perform Holmesian deductions, and even gives his explanations. However, he fails to recognize other equally probable circumstances, and is wrong on almost every count. As of 2007, the MI5 and MI6 are training their agents in Sherlockian Deduction [6]. The Secret Intelligence Service ( SIS) colloquially known as MI6 is the United Kingdom 's external Intelligence agency.
Role in the history of the detective story
A popular misconception is that the Sherlock Holmes stories gave rise to the entire genre of detective fiction. In fact, the Holmes character and his modus operandi were inspired by two predecessors, C. Auguste Dupin and Monsieur Lecoq and their technique for solving crime. C Auguste Dupin is a fictional Detective created by Edgar Allan Poe. Monsieur Lecoq is the creation of Émile Gaboriau, a 19th century French Writer and journalist Created by Edgar Allan Poe and Émile Gaboriau respectively, they were both investigators to whom even Holmes himself alluded. Edgar Allan Poe (January 19 1809 – October 7 1849 was an American poet, short-story Writer, editor and Literary critic, Émile Gaboriau ( November 9, 1832 - September 28, 1873) was a French Writer, novelist and journalist and a pioneer of Many fictional sleuths have imitated Holmes' logical methods and followed in his footsteps, in various ways.
Writers have produced many pop culture references to Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle, or characters from the stories in homage, to a greater or lesser degree. The Doctor is the central character in the long-running BBC television science-fiction series Doctor Who, and also features in The Talons of Weng-Chiang is a serial in the British Science fiction television series Doctor Who, which was first broadcast See also Sherlock Holmes Many writers make references to Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 's famous literary creation the detective Sherlock Holmes, and these often Such allusions can form a plot development, raise the intellectual level of the piece or act as Easter eggs for an observant audience. A virtual Easter egg is an intentional Hidden message or feature in an object such as a movie, Book
Some have been overt, introducing Holmes as a character in a new setting, or a more subtle allusion, such as making a logical character live in an apartment at number 221b. 221B Baker Street is the fictional London residence of the detective Sherlock Holmes, created by author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Often the simplest reference is to dress anybody who does some kind of detective work in a deerstalker and cloak (as seen right). Another rich field of pop culture references is Holmes' ancestry and descendants (as discussed above) but really the only limit is the writer's imagination. Sherlock Holmes is a famous fictional detective of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who first appeared in Publication in 1887 A third major reference is the quote, "Elementary, my dear Watson," (which, as mentioned above, was never actually said by Holmes). Another common misattributation is that Holmes, throughout the entire novel series, is never described as wearing the 'deerstalker hat', although Sidney Paget had drawn Holmes donning it on two occasions. A deerstalker is a type of Hat that is typically worn in rural areas often for Hunting, especially Deer stalking.
As an inspiration for speculation by fans
The 56 short stories and 4 novels written by Conan Doyle are termed "the Canon" by the Sherlockians. The fifty-six short stories and four Sherlock Holmes novels written by Conan Doyle are termed " the Canon " by the Holmesians Traditionally the canon of Sherlock Holmes consists of the fifty-six Short stories and four Novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle A popular pastime among fans of Sherlock Holmes is to treat Holmes and Watson as real people, and attempt to elucidate facts about them from clues in the stories or by combining the stories with historical fact. Early scholars of the canon included Ronald Knox in Britain and Christopher Morley in New York. Msgr Ronald Knox ( February 17[[ 888]]- August 24[[ 957]] was an English theologian, Priest and Crime writer. for the actor see Christopher Morley (actor Christopher Morley ( 5 May, 1890 – 28 March, 1957)
As an inspiration for scientists
Sherlock Holmes has occasionally been used in the scientific literature. Radford (1999) [7] speculates on his intelligence. Using Conan Doyle’s stories as data, Radford applies three different methods to estimate Sherlock Holmes’s IQ, and concludes that his intelligences was very high indeed. Snyder (2004)[8] examines Holmes’ methods in the light of the science and the criminology of the mid- to late-19th century. Kempster (2006)[9] compares neurologists’ skills with those displayed by Holmes. Finally, Didierjean and Gobet (2008)[10] review the literature on the psychology of expertise by taking as model a fictional expert: Sherlock Holmes. They highlight aspects of Doyle’s books that are in line with what is currently known about expertise, aspects that are implausible, and aspects that suggest further research.
Societies
In 1934 were founded the Sherlock Holmes Society, in London, and the Baker Street Irregulars, in New York. The Baker Street Irregulars are any of several different groups all named after the original from various Sherlock Holmes stories Both are still active today (though the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 to be resuscitated only in 1951). The two initial societies founded in 1934 were followed by many more Holmesians circles, first of all in America (where they are called "scion societies" - offshoots - of the Baker Street Irregulars), then in England and Denmark. Nowadays, there are Sherlockian societies in many countries like India and Japan being the more prominent countries which have a history of such activity.
The Sherlock Holmes Society of London maintains a moderately up-to-date links page, pointing at other Sherlockian sites in a range of countries and languages. It is also one of many societies worldwide who arrange visits to the scenes of the Sherlock Holmes adventures (Holmesian topography), such as the Reichenbach Falls. The Reichenbach Falls (Reichenbachfall are a series of Waterfalls near Meiringen, Switzerland.
Museums
During the 1951 Festival of Britain, Sherlock Holmes' sitting-room was reconstructed as the masterpiece of a Sherlock Holmes Exhibition, displaying a unique collection of original material. The Festival of Britain was a national exhibition which opened in London and around Britain in May 1951 After the 1951 exhibition closed, items were transferred to the Sherlock Holmes Pub, in London, and to the Conan Doyle Collection in Lucens (Switzerland). Both exhibitions, each including its own very good Baker Street Sitting-Room reconstruction, are still to be seen today. In 1990 The Sherlock Holmes Museum was opened in Baker Street London and the following year in Meiringen Switzerland another Museum was also opened, but naturally they include less historical material about Conan Doyle than about Sherlock Holmes himself. The Sherlock Holmes Museum is the most popular privately run Museum in London, England, dedicated to the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes The Sherlock Holmes Museum at 221b Baker Street London was the first Museum in the world to be dedicated to a fictional character.
The Great Hiatus
Holmes fans refer to the period from 1891 to 1894 — the time between Holmes' disappearance and presumed death in "The Adventure of the Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House" — as "the Great Hiatus". [11] It is notable, though, that one later story ("The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge") is described as taking place in 1892.
Conan Doyle wrote the stories over the course of a decade. Wanting to devote more time to his historical novels, he killed off Holmes in "The Final Problem", which appeared in print in 1893. After resisting public pressure for eight years, the author wrote The Hound of the Baskervilles, which appeared in 1901, implicitly setting it before Holmes' "death" (some theorise that it actually took place after "The Return" but with Watson planting clues to an earlier date). [12][13] The public, while pleased with the story, was not satisfied with a posthumous Holmes, and so Conan Doyle resuscitated Holmes two years later. Many have speculated on his motives for bringing Holmes back to life, notably writer-director Nicholas Meyer, who wrote an essay on the subject in the 1970s, but the actual reasons are not known, other than the obvious: Publishers offered to pay generously. Nicholas Meyer (born December 24, 1945 in New York City, US) graduated from the University of Iowa with a For whatever reason, Conan Doyle continued to write Holmes stories for a quarter-century longer.
Some writers have come up with alternate explanations for the hiatus. In Meyer's novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, the Hiatus is depicted as a secret sabbatical following Holmes' treatment for cocaine addiction at the hands of Sigmund Freud, and presents Holmes making the light-hearted suggestion that Watson write a fictitious account claiming he'd been killed by Moriarty, saying of the public: "They'll never believe you in any case. The Seven-Per-Cent Solution is the title of a 1974 novel by Nicholas Meyer. Cocaine dependence (or addiction) is physical and psychological dependency on the regular use of Cocaine. Sigmund Freud (ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt born Sigismund Shlomo Freud (May 6 1856 &ndash September 23 1939 was an Austrian Psychiatrist who founded "
In his memoirs, Conan Doyle quotes a reader, who judged the later stories inferior to the earlier ones, to the effect that when Holmes went over the Reichenbach Falls, he may not have been killed, but he was never quite the same man after.
The differences in the pre- and post-Hiatus Holmes have in fact created speculation among those who play "The Great Game" (making believe Sherlock Holmes was a historical person). One theory holds that the later Holmes was in fact an impostor (perhaps even Professor Moriarty), the later stories were fictions created to fill other writers' pockets (this is often used to deal with the stories which supposedly are written by Holmes himself), and Holmes and Professor Moriarty were in fact a variation of Robert Louis Stevenson's Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Robert Louis Balfour Stevenson (13 November 1850–3 December 1894 was a Scottish novelist poet and travel writer, and a representative of Neo-romanticism in Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is a Novella written by the Scottish author Robert Louis Stevenson and first published in 1886 Among the more fanciful theories, the story The Case of the Detective's Smile by Mark Bourne, published in the anthology Sherlock Holmes in Orbit, posits that one of the places Holmes visited during his hiatus was Alice's Wonderland. While there, he solved the case of the stolen tarts, and his experiences there contributed to his kicking the cocaine addiction.
Adaptations
Canonical adaptations
As Sherlock Holmes is such a popular character, there have been many theatrical stage and cinematic adaptations of Conan Doyle's work — much in the same way that Hamlet or Dracula are often revised and adapted. Hamlet is a Tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written between 1599 and 1601 Dracula is an 1897 novel by Irish author Bram Stoker, featuring as its primary Antagonist the vampire Count Dracula.
The Guinness World Records has consistently listed him as the "most portrayed movie character" with over 70 actors playing the part in over 200 films. Guinness World Records, known until 2000 as The Guinness Book of Records (and in previous U
Basil Rathbone starred as Sherlock Holmes, alongside Nigel Bruce as Dr. Basil Rathbone, MC (13 June 1892 – 21 July 1967 was a South African-born English Actor most famous for his portrayal of Sherlock Nigel Bruce ( February 4 1895 &ndash October 8 1953) was a British Character actor on stage and screen best known Watson, in fourteen films (two for 20th Century Fox and a dozen for Universal Pictures) from 1939-1946. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Jeremy Brett is generally considered the definitive Holmes of recent times, having played the role in four series ("The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes") created by John Hawkesworth for Britain's Granada Television from 1984 though to 1994 as well as depicting Holmes on stage. Jeremy Brett (3 November 1933 – 12 September 1995 born Peter Jeremy William Huggins, was an English Actor famous among other things for his The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British Television company The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British Television company John Hawkesworth ( 7 December 1920 &ndash 30 September 2003) was an English television and Film producer Granada Television is the United Kingdom ITV contractor for North West England. Brett's Dr. Watson was played by David Burke and Edward Hardwicke in the television series. David Burke may refer to David Burke (actor, British television star David Burke (American actor David Burke (chef Edward Hardwicke, sometimes credited as Edward Hardwick, (born August 7, 1932) the son of Sir Cedric Hardwicke and actress Helena Pickard The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is the name given to the TV series of Sherlock Holmes adaptations produced by British Television company
Related and derivative works (non-canonical)
In addition to the canonical Sherlock Holmes stories, Conan Doyle's "The Lost Special" (1908) features an unnamed "amateur reasoner" clearly intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. Sherlock Holmes has long been a popular character for authors and creatives other than Arthur Conan Doyle. His explanation for a baffling disappearance, argued in Holmes' characteristic style, turns out to be quite wrong — evidently Conan Doyle was not above poking fun at his own hero. A short story by Conan Doyle using the same idea is "The Man with the Watches". Another example of Conan Doyle's humour is "How Watson Learned the Trick" (1924), a parody of the frequent Watson-Holmes breakfast table scenes. How Watson Learned the Trick is a Sherlock Holmes parody written by Arthur Conan Doyle in 1922 A parody (ˈpɛɹədiː US, [ˈpaɹədiː] UK) in contemporary usage is a work created to mock comment on or poke fun at an original work its subject A further parody by Conan Doyle is "The Field Bazaar". He also wrote other material, especially plays, featuring Holmes. Many of these writings are collected in the books Sherlock Holmes: the Published Apocrypha edited by Jack Tracy, The Final Adventures of Sherlock Holmes edited by Peter Haining and The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes compiled by Roger Lancelyn Green. Peter Alexander Haining ( April 2, 1940 &ndash November 19, 2007) was a British Journalist, author and anthologist Roger (Gilbert Lancelyn Green ( 2 November 1918 – 8 October 1987) was a British biographer and children's writer
Sherlock Holmes' abilities as both a good fighter and as an excellent logician have been a boon to other authors who have lifted his name, or details of his exploits, for their plots. Logic is the study of the principles of valid demonstration and Inference. These range from Holmes as a cocaine addict, whose drug-fuelled fantasies lead him to cast an innocent Professor Moriarty as a super villain (The Seven-Per-Cent Solution), to science-fiction plots involving him being re-animated after death to fight crime in the future (Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century). Cocaine ( benzoylmethyl ecgonine) is a Crystalline Tropane Alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the Coca plant The Seven-Per-Cent Solution is the title of a 1974 novel by Nicholas Meyer. Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century is a 26-episode animated television series placing Sherlock Holmes in a science fiction setting taking
Some authors have supplied stories to fit the tantalising references in the canon to unpublished cases (e. g. "The giant rat of Sumatra, a story for which the world is not yet prepared" in "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire"), notably The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes by Conan Doyle's son Adrian Conan Doyle with John Dickson Carr; others have used different characters from the stories as their own detective, e. A giant rat is a Rat that is substantially larger than its other Rodent cousins The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 12 stories in the The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes (ISBN 0517203383 is a Short story collection written by Adrian Conan Doyle and John Dickson Carr, first published in Adrian Malcolm Conan Doyle ( November 19, 1910 - June 3, 1970) was the youngest son of Arthur Conan Doyle. John Dickson Carr ( November 30, 1906 &ndash February 27, 1977) was an American Author of Detective stories g. Mycroft Holmes in Enter the Lion by Michael P. Hodel and Sean M. Hour 25 was a Radio program focusing on Science fiction, Fantasy, and Science. Wright (1979) or Dr. James Mortimer (from The Hound of the Baskervilles) in books by Gerard Williams.
On the TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation Lt. Cmdr. Data is depicted as a fan of Holmes, and portrays him in a holodeck recreation in the episode "Elementary, My Dear Data. Lieutenant Commander Data, played by actor Brent Spiner, is a character in the Star Trek Fictional universe. " The estate of Arthur Conan Doyle objected, claiming a copyright on the character, but allowed the performance to be reprised in the episode "Ship In A Bottle," with attribution in the closing credits. [14]
The main character in the TV series House, M.D., a medical doctor with a Holmesian approach to diagnosing diseases, is named as a pun on the near-homophone "Homes" for "Holmes" as Dr. Gregory House. House, also known as House MD, is an American Medical drama, which debuted on the FOX network on November 16 2004 Gregory House, MD, is a Fictional character and Protagonist of the American Medical drama House. The show draws heavily upon Holmes' archetypes, including a drug addiction (in the show, Vicodin instead of cocaine), a quirky sense of humour and complete disregard for social mores, personal talents (piano and guitar, like Holmes' violin), as well as Holmes' characteristic ability to judge a situation correctly with almost no effort. Vicodin EC is a Trademarked Brand of Narcotic Analgesics (painkillers containing Hydrocodone and Paracetamol ( Acetaminophen House's apartment number is 221B. Dr. House's confidant and sounding board is Dr. James Wilson, whose initials coincide with Dr. John Watson.
One obvious spoof of Sherlock Holmes is (briefly) seen in name & nature of one "Shamrock Jolnes" (with Watson appearing as "Whatsup") in 'Sixes and Sevens' by O. Henry (gutenberg. org).
In "What's New Scooby-Doo," he is shown when Velma steps into a virtual reality mystery solving game. He's in the first room on the right with Watson.
Sherlock Holmes in reality
Whenever Arthur Conan Doyle was asked if there was a real Sherlock Holmes, his answer never changed. Holmes was inspired, Doyle said, by Dr. Joseph Bell, for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Joseph Bell, JP, DL, FRCS Ed ( 2 December 1837 – 4 October 1911) was a Scottish lecturer at the medical The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, often colloquially referred to as Edinburgh Royal Infirmary or ERI, established in 1729 is the oldest Voluntary hospital Like Sherlock Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations. Dr. Bell was also interested in crime and assisted the police in solving a few cases. [15]
Bibliography
Novels
- A Study in Scarlet (serialised 1887)
- The Sign of the Four (published 1890)
- The Hound of the Baskervilles (serialised 1901–1902 in The Strand; original illustrations by Sidney Paget)
- The Valley of Fear (serialised 1914–1915)
Short stories
For more detail see List of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short stories. A Study in Scarlet is a Detective mystery Novel written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, which was first published in 1887. The Sign of the Four ( 1890) (also called The Sign of Four see " Publishing history " below was the second Novel featuring The Hound of the Baskervilles is a crime novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle featuring the detective Sherlock Holmes. The Valley of Fear is the final Sherlock Holmes novel by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Notes For a detailed list of other Sherlock Holmes works by Conan Doyle see The Canon of Sherlock Holmes Frequently "The Adventure of …"
The short stories were originally published in periodicals; they were later gathered into five anthologies:
- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes: Contains stories published 1891–1892 in The Strand. The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of twelve stories by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his famous detective and illustrated by
- The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes: Contains stories published 1892–1893 in The Strand as further episodes of the Adventures. The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of Sherlock Holmes stories originally published in 1894 by Arthur Conan Doyle.
- The Return of Sherlock Holmes: Contains stories published 1903–1904 in The Strand. The Return of Sherlock Holmes is a collection of 13 Sherlock Holmes stories originally published in 1903-1904 by Arthur Conan Doyle.
- His Last Bow: Contains stories published 1908–1913 and 1917.
- The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes: Contains stories published 1921–1927. The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes is the final collection of Sherlock Holmes stories by Arthur Conan Doyle.
Lists of favourite stories
There are two famous lists of favourite stories: that of Conan Doyle himself---in The Strand in 1927, and that of the Baker Street Journal in 1959. The Baker Street Irregulars are any of several different groups all named after the original from various Sherlock Holmes stories
Works by other authors
- Baring-Gould, William S. "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. "The Red-Headed League" is the most famous of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of the Dancing Men, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle The Adventure of the Final Problem is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his detective character Sherlock Holmes. "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle "The Five Orange Pips", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the fifth of the twelve stories The Adventure of the Second Stain, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle " The Adventure of the Devil's Foot " is one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Arthur Conan Doyle. The Adventure of the Priory School, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. The Adventure of the Reigate Squire, also known as The Adventure of the Reigate Squires and The Adventure of the Reigate Puzzle, was one of the 56 Sherlock "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" is one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by Scottish author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. "The Red-Headed League" is the most famous of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by Arthur Conan Doyle. "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the seventh " Silver Blaze " one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of the twelve in the cycle collected "A Scandal in Bohemia" was the first of Arthur Conan Doyle 's 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories to be published in The Strand Magazine The Adventure of the Musgrave Ritual is a short story by Arthur Conan Doyle, featuring his fictional detective Sherlock Holmes. "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one The Adventure of the Six Napoleons, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the The Adventure of the Dancing Men, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle The Adventure of the Empty House, one of the 56 Sherlock Holmes short stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is one of 13 stories in the cycle (1967). The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. Clarkson N. Potter, Inc. , New York & John Murray Publishers, London. ISBN 0-517-50291-7
- Dexter, Colin (1989). Norman Colin Dexter, OBE, (born 29 September 1930 in Stamford, Lincolnshire) is an English Crime writer, known 'A Case of Mis-Identity'. Published in Morse's Greatest Mystery and Other Stories. Pan Books, London. Pp. 133–164. ISBN 0-330-34025-5
- King, Laurie R. (1994–) Mary Russell Novels:
- The Beekeeper's Apprentice (1994) ISBN 0-312-10423-5
- A Monstrous Regiment of Women (1995) ISBN 0-312-13565-3
- A Letter of Mary (1997) ISBN 0-312-14670-1
- The Moor (1998) ISBN 0-312-16934-5
- O Jerusalem (1999) ISBN 0-553-11093-4
- Justice Hall (2002) ISBN 0-553-11113-2
- The Game (2004) ISBN 0-553-80194-5
- Locked Rooms (2005) ISBN 0-553-80197-X
- Jô Soares (1995) O Xangô de Baker Street released in English as A Samba for Sherlock. Laurie R King (born 1952 is an American Author best known for her Detective fiction. Mary Russell is a Fictional character in a book series by Laurie R The Beekeeper's Apprentice is the first book in the Mary Russell series by Laurie R A Monstrous Regiment of Women is the second book in the Mary Russell series of mystery novels by Laurie R A Letter of Mary is the third in the Mary Russell mystery series of novels by Laurie R The Moor is the fourth book in Mary Russell series by Laurie R O Jerusalem is the fifth book in the Mary Russell series by Laurie R Locked Rooms is the eighth book in the Mary Russell series by Laurie R You may be looking for Joe Soares. José Eugênio Soares, best known as Jô Soares (born January 16, 1938) is a
- Klinger, Leslie S. (2004-5). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. , New York & London. ISBN 0-393-05916-2
- Sabol, Autumn. (2005). Elementary, My Dear. iUniverse. ISBN 0-595-15686-9
See also
- Solar Pons
- Harry Dickson
- Arsène Lupin
- List of people who have played Sherlock Holmes
- List of authors of new (i.e. Non-Conan Doyle) Sherlock Holmes stories
- HOLMES2 (police computer system)
- Professor Moriarty
- Professor Challenger (another Conan Doyle character)
- Meiringen
- The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time
- William Gillette
- Case Closed - features a "Detective Conan"
- Naked is the Best Disguise
- The Sleuth
- Dr. Gregory House
- Forensic chemistry
- Forensic Science
References
- ^ In the "The Adventure of the Missing Three-quarter" it is twice mentioned that Holmes had used drugs in the past. Solar Pons is a Fictional Detective created by August Derleth as a Pastiche of Arthur Conan Doyle 's Sherlock Holmes. Harry Dickson is a fictional pulp detective born in America educated in London and was called The American Sherlock Holmes. Arsène Lupin is a fictional Gentleman thief who appears in a Book series of Detective fiction / Crime fiction Novels written by The list of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes in film television stage or radio includes Hans Albers The Man Who Was The following is an alphabetical list of authors other than Sherlock Holmes's creator Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, who have authored Holmes stories Boris Akunin In the United Kingdom, HOLMES 2, the successor to HOLMES (the Home Office Large Major Enquiry System) is an IT system used by the police Professor James Moriarty is a Fictional character who is the best known Antagonist (and Nemesis) of the detective Sherlock Holmes. George Edward Challenger, better known as Professor Challenger, is a Fictional character in a series of Science fiction stories by Sir Arthur Conan Meiringen is a municipality in the district of Oberhasli in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time is a 2003 Novel by British writer Mark Haddon. William Hooker Gillette ( b July 24, 1853, Hartford, Connecticut; d Case Closed, known as in Japan and most other countries is a detective Manga and Anime series written and illustrated by Naked is the Best Disguise The Death and Resurrection of Sherlock Holmes (ISBN 0-14-004030-7 is a book by Samuel Rosenberg speculating on the hidden meanings in The Sleuth is a Fictional character featured in Disney comics. Gregory House, MD, is a Fictional character and Protagonist of the American Medical drama House. Forensic chemistry is the application of Chemistry to law enforcement or the failure of products or processes
- ^ Dalby JT. (1991). "Sherlock Holmes' Cocaine Habit". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 8: 73-74.
- ^ "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder"
- ^ LASSUS
- ^ This news article mentions Holmes's honour at the bottom of the page. The Adventure of the Norwood Builder, one of the 56 short Sherlock Holmes stories written by British author Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, is the second tale from
- ^ http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23392707-details/Can+Sherlock+Holmes+restore+the+reputation+of+our+bungling+spies/article.do "Can Sherlock Holmes restore the reputation of our bungling spies?" accessed 26th June 2007 at 21:07
- ^ Radford, J. (1999). The intelligence of Sherlock Holmes and other three-pipe problems. Sigma Forlag.
- ^ Snyder LJ (2004). "Sherlock Holmes: Scientific detective". Endeavour 28: 104-108. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Kempster PA (2006). "Looking for clues". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 13: 178-180. doi:. A digital object identifier ( DOI) is a permanent identifier given to an Electronic document.
- ^ Didierjean, A & Gobet, F (2008). "Sherlock Holmes – An expert’s view of expertise". British Journal of Psychology 99: 109-125.
- ^ Bookreporter.com - Author Profile: Laurie R. King
- ^ Dakin, D. Martin (1972). A Sherlock Holmes Commentary. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-5493-0
- ^ McQueen, Ian (1974). Sherlock Holmes Detected. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-6453-7
- ^ "Star Trek: The Next Generation" Elementary, Dear Data (1988) - Trivia
- ^ 1992 Reader's Digest (Australia) PTY LTD (A. C. N. 000565471)
External links
- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes, full text online and PDF.
- The Sherlock Holmes Museum 221b Baker Street, London England.
- The Sherlock Holmes Society of London London society founded in 1951. Sherlockian radio shows, videos, regular events and publications
- Baker Street Dozen Sherlock Holmes in Books, Film and Media
- The Complete Sherlock Holmes All 56 short stories and four novels, with original magazine illustrations
- Bert Coules' website (BBC Radio 4 canonical and original stories, 1989–2004)
- Discovering Sherlock Holmes at Stanford University
- Sherlock Holmes Special Collections at Marylebone Reference Library, City of Westminster, London
- The Sherlock Holmes Collections at the University of Minnesota Special Collections and Rare Books
- Sounds of the Baskervilles BBC Radio 4 programme on Holmes and music
- Sherlock Holmes radio dramas. Public domain audio radio dramas adapted from the canonical texts
- Sherlock Holmes Granada TV series 41 episodes and filming locations
- The Harpooners of the Sea UnicornA Scion Society of the Baker St. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. Irregulars based in St. Charles Missouri
Dictionary
Sherlock Holmes
-proper noun
- (fiction) A detective in the novels by Arthur Conan Doyle.
- (figuratively) By extension, any person who has or is considered to have great powers of observation and deduction.
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